G8 - Sci SLM Q4 Wk1 Corrfor QA

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Science
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Quarter 4 – Module 1
The Digestive System
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Strictly for students use only of the Division of Cebu Province. DO NOT share to other divisions and other teaching or non-teaching personnel. Any violation will be dealt with accordingly. Beta evaluation is still pending.
Science: Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: The Digestive System
First Edition, 2020
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royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
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respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
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Development Team of the Module
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Writer : Melna M. Talaboc
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Content Editor : Era M. Dorog

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Language Editor : Erveliza C. Balbuena

Reviewer : Richard C. Acaso
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Illustrators : Khenlie T. Bontia and Liezlynne A. Borlasa

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Proof Reader : Paz S. Lovero

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Layout Artist : Ernido B. Colipapa

Type Setter : Jude Michael D. Pentoy
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Management Team
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Schools Division Superintendent : Marilyn S. Andales, CESO V

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Assistant Schools Division Superintendents : Fay C. Luarez

: Anelito A. Bongcawil
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: Lorenzo M. Dizon
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Chief, CID : Mary Ann P. Flores

EPSvr in LRMS : Isaiash T. Wagas
EPSvr in Science : Juvimar E. Montolo
Printed in the Philippines by:
Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255 - 6405 Email Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph
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Most Essential Learning Competency:
Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion (S8LT-IVa-13)
What I Need to Know
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OBJECTIVES:
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1. Knowledge: identify the organs that make up the digestive system;
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2. Skills: explain how the stages of food processing take place in the digestive
system;
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3. Attitude: display interest in studying ingestion, absorption, assimilation,
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and excretion; and
4. Values: display love of truth in illustrating the food processes in the
digestive system.
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This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
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help you master the Digestive System. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
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the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
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can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
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This module introduces you to the different organs that make up the
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digestive system of animals and how they interact with each other to digest
food and nourish their bodies. Emphasis is given on the human digestive
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system and its processes with some identified animals.

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Food plays a central role in the survival of species. Food gives organisms
energy that enables them to carry out the many activities. Organisms are able
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to obtain energy from the food they eat through digestion.

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Digestion of food is carried out by the organs and substances of the

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digestive system. During digestion, food is broken down into smaller parts –
a fraction of which is made up nutrients. These nutrients are circulated to the
different parts of the body through the bloodstream and assimilated by cells.
Almost all animals have a digestive system in which food that enters
the mouth, is moved through a long tube, and exits the anus as feces. The
food is broken down into soluble molecules and is moved rhythmically by the
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smooth muscle in the walls of the digestive organs.
But how do these processes occur? Did you know that our body
specifically the digestive system is a food processing unit? In this lesson, we
will explore how does the digestive system break down food in the body.
What I Know
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Let us find out how much you already know about this module. Write
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the letter that you think is the best answer to each question on a separate
sheet of paper. Answer all items. Take note of all the items that you were not
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able to answer and look for the right answer as you go through this module.
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Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
sheet of paper.
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1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?
a. Ingestion
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b. Absorption
c. Secretion
d. Assimilation m
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2. Where does digestion start?
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a. Esophagus
b. Mouth
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c. Stomach
d. Anus
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3. In what part of the digestive system do digested molecules of food, as

well as water and minerals are absorbed?
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a. Small intestine
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b. Large intestine
c. Liver
d. Kidney
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4. How do you call the tiny fingerlike projections that are contained and
lined up at the walls of the small intestine?
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a. Feces
b. Villi
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c. Bolus
d. Rectum
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II. Match column A with column B. Column A contains the description while
column B is represented by the stages of food processes. Write only the letter
of your answer.
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Column A Column B
1. It is the removal of undigested food from the anus. a. ingestion
2. The process of taking food into the b. egestion
digestive system. c. assimilation
3. It is the breaking down of food that passes through d. excretion
the villi of small intestine into the blood stream. e. digestion
4. It is the process in which soluble food molecules f. absorption
from blood are used to make new cells or new g. secretion
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parts of the cell.
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5. It is a process by which metabolic waste is eliminated
from an organism.
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6. It begins in the mouth and continues as food travels
through the small intestine.
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What’s In
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When you were in your elementary grades, you discussed about the
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different systems and organs in the body. Spirally in grade 7, you discussed
about the “What Makes up an Organism”. Any organism should start from a
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cell. A group of cells form tissues, a group of tissues form organs, and a group
of organs form organ systems, and organ systems form an organism. There
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are many organ systems in the body. These are the skeletal system,
circulatory system, excretory system, digestive system, and many others. For
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example, the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines are organs of the
digestive system.
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What’s New
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GUESS WHO AM I
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Arrange the jumbled letters to derive the correct term.
1. PORSNOTIAB - is the breaking down of food that passes through the

villi of small intestine into the blood stream.
2. EGINTODIS - begins in the mouth and continues as food travels
through the small intestine.
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3. MILIASSAONIT - is the process in which soluble food molecules from
blood are used to make new cells or new parts of the cell.
4. TIINNOGES - is the process of taking food into the digestive system.
5. CRENOTIEX- is the removal of toxic materials, waste products of
metabolism and excess substances from organisms
6. TIONGSEE - is the passing out of undigested food as feces, through the
anus.
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What is It
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CONTENT DISCUSSION
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Do you wonder how the food that we eat become waste products? Well,
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it undergoes processes. This is called ‘the stages of food processing.” These
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processes occur in the digestive tract, a long tube that connects the mouth
and the anus. The stages of food processing follow a chronological order in
which the previous stage prepares the food for further processing during the
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following stage.
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Food processing begins with the first bite. During ingestion, teeth break
apart the food as you chew. Salivary glands, located under the tongue, secrete
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saliva to lubricate the food particles and the enzyme amylase to begin the
chemical breakdown of starches in the food. The food passes through the
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esophagus. Muscle contractions in the esophagus help move the food down.
This process is called peristalsis.
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Digestion begins in the mouth and continues as food travels through

the small intestine. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine.
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Digestion begins with ingestion, where the food is taken in the mouth and
ends in the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed in the villi and enter
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in the circulatory system.

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Wastes that remain after digestion go to the stomach and large intestine
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where water is also reabsorbed. These wastes, including the water that was
not reabsorbed, are temporarily stored in the rectum before they are excreted
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out of the body. Digestion and absorption take place in a series of steps with
special enzymes playing important roles in digesting carbohydrates, proteins,
and lipids.
Assimilation goes along the process where soluble food molecules from
blood are used to make new cells or new parts of the cell. So, this happens all
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over the body. Along the steps is excretion, which is the removal of toxic
materials, waste products of metabolism and excess substances from
organisms. Three major organs of excretion are the skin, kidneys and lungs.
Sweat glands in the skin produce sweat. Finally, through the process of
egestion, the undigested food passes out from the body as feces from the anus.
Ingestion is the process of taking food into the digestive system.

Digestion begins in the mouth and continues as food travels through the small
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intestine. Absorption is the breaking down of food that passes through the
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villi of small intestine into the blood stream.
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Assimilation is the process in which soluble food molecules from blood
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are used to make new cells or new parts of the cell. Excretion is the removal
of toxic materials, waste products of metabolism and excess substances from
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organisms. Egestion is the removal of undigested food from the anus.
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Figure 1. The human digestive system

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Almost all animals have a tubelike digestive system; one end of the tube
serves as the mouth while the other end serves as the anus. This digestive
system is called Complete Digestive System. Food enters the mouth, passes
through the long tube, and exits as feces through the anus.
The smooth muscles of the tubelike digestive organs move the food
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rhythmically through the system where it is broken down into observable
forms. Outside of this tube are attached some accessory organs – the liver,
gall bladder, and pancreas – which also help in the digestion of food. Figure 2
shows a comparison of the digestive systems of different representative
species of animals.
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Figure 2. Digestive tracts of different representatives of animals
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The more primitive animals like the Hydra have a digestive system with only
one opening (see figure 3) which is called Incomplete Digestive System.
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These organisms eat and defecate with their mouth which also alternates as
their anus.
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Figure 3. Hollow parts of Hydra

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What’s More
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A. Independent Activity 1. IDENTIFY ME

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Directions: Study the picture of the Human Digestive System (figure 1)

and identify the organs that make up the digestive system. Then, answer the
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Independent Assessment 1. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
B. Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Answer this question and write your answer on your answer sheet. In
what organ of the digestive system are the following processes taking place?
a. Ingestion d. assimilation
b. Digestion e. excretion
c. Absorption f. egestion
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C. Independent Activity 2. MARK ME OUT
Study the puzzle below. Then, answer the Independent Assessment 2.
A I B E C D E F G G H I J L S
E M N N G O P P N Q R S U T V
A X W G X E A I B C D N O G A
I S C J E K S L M S G M O N Q
A R S R S S T T U S A W U Y A
A B F I E U T Q I C F S S U T
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E A S C M T M I R O M O G N X
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C N O O S I I M O N N O O E P
W R I E R C L O D N E I F D S
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P A G T I P H A N K T L Y N O
V N S Q S F T U T S V E X D S
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I I M T E E Q I E I N N O K Q
N L L C E D T G O D O O I U V
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H G E L R S I N I N L N M N T
O S R R I D M K I B Q S S T U
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D. Independent Assessment 2. m
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Find at least fifteen (15) very important words or terms from the puzzle that
are mentioned in our lesson and mark them out. These are written diagonally. (Note:
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no credit for words that are written in horizontal and vertical manner).
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What I Have Learned

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To check your understanding about this module, complete the

following:
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- I learned about _____________________________________________________.

- I need to learn this because _________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________.
- I can use this in my day to day activities by __________________________
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____________________________________________________________________.
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What I Can Do
EXPLAIN ME
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Directions: Explain briefly how the stages of food processing take place in
the digestive system. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Assessment
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Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The breaking down of food that passes through the villi of small
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intestine into the blood stream.
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a. absorption
b. assimilation
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c. digestion
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d. excretion
2. It begins in the mouth and continues as food travels through the

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a. absorption
b. assimilation
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c. digestion
d. ingestion
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3. The process by which soluble food molecules from blood are used to
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make new cells or new parts of the cell is called

a. absorption
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b. assimilation
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c. digestion
d. excretion
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4. The process of taking food into the digestive system is called

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a. assimilation
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b. egestion
c. excretion
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d. ingestion
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5. It is the removal of toxic materials, waste products of metabolism and

excess substances from organisms.
a. absorption
b. assimilation
c. egestion
d. excretion
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6. The process by which muscle contractions in the esophagus help
move the food down to the stomach is
a. absorption
b. assimilation
c. excretion
d. peristalsis
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7. Arrange the following. Which of them show the correct sequence of the
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stages of food processing in the body?
a. Absorption, excretion, assimilation, ingestion
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b. Excretion, absorption assimilation, ingestion
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c. Ingestion, absorption, assimilation, excretion
d. Ingestion, assimilation, absorption, excretion
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8. How is ingestion of food related to digestion?
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a. Digestion comes first and automatically followed by ingestion.
b. Ingestion takes place in the mouth and when the food is
swallowed and goes out in the anus as feces, digestion begins. m
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c. Digestion begins with ingestion, where the food is taken in the
mouth and ends in the small intestine as the nutrients are
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absorbed in the villi and enter in the circulatory system.

d. Ingestion is the passing out of undigested food as feces, through
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the anus after digestion of all solid and liquid materials through
the small intestine with absorption, assimilation, excretion, and
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egestion.
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9. How do you differentiate ingestion from egestion?

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a. Ingestion similar to absorption while egestion is similar to

assimilation.
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b. Ingestion is similar to digestion while egestion is similar to

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excretion.
c. Ingestion is the process of swallowing the food while egestion is
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the process of absorbing the food.

d. Ingestion, is where the teeth break apart the food as you chew
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while egestion is the removal of undigested food from the anus.

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10.The following are the processes on how the food is swallowed, digested,
and excreted. Rearrange them and tell the correct sequence of the process.
I. After swallowing the food – now turned into bolus – enters
the esophagus (gullet) and is moved down into the
stomach where it mixes with gastric juices and acids.
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II. Digestion ends in the small intestine where nutrients are
absorbed in the villi and enter the circulatory system.
III. Wastes that remain after digestion go to the large
intestine where water is reabsorbed. The wastes including
the water that was not reabsorbed, are temporarily stored
in the rectum before they are excreted out of the body
through the anus.
IV. Other enzymes such as protease and lipase help break
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down proteins in the stomach and fats in the small
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intestine.
a. I, III, II, IV b. II, III, IV, I c. I, IV, II, III d. I, II, III, IV
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Additional Activities
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DRAW ME
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Directions: Illustrate how each of the following food processes takes

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place in the digestive system of a person. Label your illustration.

a. Ingestion d. assimilation
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b. Digestion e. excretion
c. Absorption f. egestion
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END of this Module.

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Key to Corrections
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6. Anus
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and lungs
5. Skin, kidneys,
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(bloodstream)
4. All over the body
10. c large intestine
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9.d stomach and
8. c some are in
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7. c 3. Small intestine; Egestion 6.
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6. d intestine Excretion 5.
5. d and small Ingestion 4.
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4. d 2. Mouth, stomach, Assimilation 3.

3. b 1. Mouth Digestion 2.
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2. d COME AND FIND ME Absorption 1.

1. a Independent Assessment 1
What’s New
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Assessment What’s More

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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EXPLAIN ME
For example, if you eat spaghetti food, where does it go before it comes out from
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the body as waste?

Food processing begins with the first bite. During ingestion, teeth break apart the
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food as you chew. Salivary glands, located under the tongue, secrete saliva to lubricate
the food particles and the enzyme amylase to begin the chemical breakdown of starches
in the food. Digestion begins in the mouth continues as food travels through the small
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intestine. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine. Digestion ends in the small
intestine where nutrients are absorbed in the villi and enter the circulatory system. But
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there are some in the stomach and large intestine. Assimilation goes along the process
where soluble food molecules from blood are used to make new cells or new parts of the
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cell. So, this happens all over the body. Excretion happens when there are excess
substances that are toxic and waste which need to be removed in either the three major
organs such as the skin, kidneys and lungs. However, there are still undigested food that
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needs to be passed out through the process of egestion. This comes out in the anus as
feces.
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What I What I Have What’s More
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Know Independent Assessment 2
I.
Learned
MARK ME OUT
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1. C 1.ingestion
2. small intestine (at least 15 words diagonally
2. B written in any order)
3. peristalsis
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3. B • Ingestion * digestive
4. B 4. absorption
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5. digestion • Digestion * villi
II.
6. villi • Absorption * intestine
1.B
7. large intestine • Assimilation * food
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2. A
3. F 8. assimilation • Excretion * processing
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4. C 9.excretion • Egestion * kidney
5. D 10. egestion • Ingest * stomach
6. E • Digest * mouth
• Skin * waste
• Anus * feces
Illustration:
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DRAW ME
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Additional Activities
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References
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Book References:
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Learner’s Module in Science 8, pp. 291-305.

Teacher’s Guide in Science 8, p. 205.
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Other References:
https://www.google.com/search?q=ingestion,+digestion+absorption,+elimination,+excretion,+
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egestion&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH859PH859&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj49d7
7zdXwAhUIPnAKH
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8

Content Editor : Era M. Dorog

Language Editor : Erveliza C. Balbuena

Illustrators : Khenlie T. Bontia and Liezlynne A. Borlasa

Proof Reader : Paz S. Lovero

Layout Artist : Ernido B. Colipapa

Schools Division Superintendent : Marilyn S. Andales, CESO V

Assistant Schools Division Superintendents : Fay C. Luarez

Chief, CID : Mary Ann P. Flores

What I Need to Know

system and its processes with some identified animals.

to obtain energy from the food they eat through digestion.

Digestion of food is carried out by the organs and substances of the

3. In what part of the digestive system do digested molecules of food, as

Arrange the jumbled letters to derive the correct term.

1. PORSNOTIAB - is the breaking down of food that passes through the

Digestion begins in the mouth and continues as food travels through

in the circulatory system.

Ingestion is the process of taking food into the digestive system.

Figure 1. The human digestive system

Figure 3. Hollow parts of Hydra

A. Independent Activity 1. IDENTIFY ME

Directions: Study the picture of the Human Digestive System (figure 1)

Independent Assessment 1. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

What I Have Learned

To check your understanding about this module, complete the

- I learned about _____________________________________________________.

2. It begins in the mouth and continues as food travels through the

make new cells or new parts of the cell is called

4. The process of taking food into the digestive system is called

5. It is the removal of toxic materials, waste products of metabolism and

absorbed in the villi and enter in the circulatory system.

9. How do you differentiate ingestion from egestion?

a. Ingestion similar to absorption while egestion is similar to

b. Ingestion is similar to digestion while egestion is similar to

the process of absorbing the food.

while egestion is the removal of undigested food from the anus.

Directions: Illustrate how each of the following food processes takes

place in the digestive system of a person. Label your illustration.

END of this Module.

4. d 2. Mouth, stomach, Assimilation 3.

2. d COME AND FIND ME Absorption 1.

Assessment What’s More

the body as waste?

Learner’s Module in Science 8, pp. 291-305.

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