Please define the following phrases and PLEASE GIVE examples.

phrases Definition Examples

voiceless sounds (p.192) Sounds do not have [ch, f , k, p, s, sh, t, th ]
vibration of the vocal
cords.
aspirated sound (p.193) A brief puff of air [p,t ,k,ch]
escapes before the
glottis closes.
nasalization of vowels (p. It typically occurs when Bean, bone, bingo, boom,
202) the vowel precedes, or bam, bang
follows, a nasal
consonant /m, n, ŋ/.
tense vowels (p.202) Tense vowels are [i, e ,u, o, ɔ, a, aɪ, aʊ, ɔɪ]
articulated with greater
lax vowels tension of the tongue [I, ʒ, ʊ, ʌ, ə, æ]
muscles than tense
vowels.
noncontinuants (p.203) Noncontinuants are
produced (articulated)
with total obstruction
of the airstream.
continuants (p.195, 203) Continuants are
produced (articulated)
with the stream of air
flowing continuously
out of the mouth.
obstruents (p. 203) Obstruents are
produced (articulated)
by obstructing airflow
sonorants (p. 203) Sonorants are sounds
produced (articulated/
pronounced) by
continuing resonant
sound.
syllabic sounds (p. 204) Sounds that may
function as the core of
a syllable posses the
feature syllabic.
front vowels (p.200-201) Produced with the front
part of the tongue low
in the mouth.

central vowels (p.200-201) Pronounced with the

tongue low in the
mouth.

high vowels (p.200-201) Pronounced with the

tongue arched toward
the roof of the mouth.

rounded vowels (p.200-201) Produced with pursed

or rounded lips.

suprasegmental feature (p. Length, pitch, and

204) stress. Over and above
the segmental values
such as place or
manner of articulation.

Tone language (p.205) Languages that use the

pitch of individual
vowels or syllables to
contrast meanings of
words.

contour tone (p.206) The pitch changes

across the syllable,
whether from high to
low or vice versa.

allomorph (p.218) The more technical [z, s, əz]

term for a variant of a
morpheme.
 minimal pairs (p.218) Two words with
different meanings that
are identical except for
one sound segment
that occurs in the same
place in each word.

phonemes (p.222) Abstract basic form of a

sound as sensed
mentally rather than
spoken or heard.
Distinguish one word or
morpheme from
another in our mental
lexicon.

distinctive features A feature distinguishes [p, b, m]

(phonemic features) (p.228) one phoneme from
another, hence one
word from another.

Chapter 5: Exercise # 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13