RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
LABORATORY SCHOOL
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Lesson 2: Properties and Variable of Gas, Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Law.

Matter – is anything that occupy space, has weight and mass.

Phases of Matter

a. Solid – contain particles arranged in a lattice structure. The particles vibrate in their fixed positions. It
cannot be compressed because the particles are already tightly packed together. They keep their shape and
have a constant volume when they change container because their particles are in fixed position.
b. Liquid – contain particles that roll around each other and settle on the bottom of their container. The
particles are generally slightly further apart than in a solid. It changes its shape when poured into different
container. They have constant volume but no definite shape and it is slightly compressible.
c. Gas – contain particles that move around very quickly. The particles travel straight lines until they bounce
off other particles or a surface. Gas particles are widely spaced and tend to be only slightly attracted to each
other. They fill available space and They are very compressible.

Kinetic Molecular Theory – Theory that states that all matter is made up of particles that constantly moving.

Kinetic – Movement/ Moving

Molecular – Particle
Theory – Not yet accepted by scientific community because it doesn’t have concrete and enough evidence

Gas Postulates
a. Gases consist of particles in constant motion - Gas molecules are always in constant motion and they
frequently collide with one another and with the walls of the container.
b. Gases are mostly empty space - Gases are composed of molecules the distances from one molecule to other
molecules are far greater than the molecules’ dimension. These molecules can be considered as spherical
bodies which possess negligible mass and volume.
c. Particles exert pressure when colliding with the container - Collision among molecules is perfectly
elastic, that is, no energy of gas particle is lost when it collides with other particles or with the walls of the
container.
d. Particles don’t attract - There is a neither attractive or repulsive force between or among gas molecules.
e. Molecular speed is proportional to temperature - movement of gas molecules is affected by temperature.
The average kinetic energy of the molecules is directly related to the temperature of gas.

Properties of Gas
a. Expansion – Take up space of the container.
b. Fluidity – Particles pass through each other since the interaction between molecules are weak.
c. Low density – Gaps between gases particles are vast.
d. Compressibility – The volume of the gas can be reduced.
e. Diffusion – Random movement of gas from one region to another, high concentration to low concentration.
f. Effusion – Gases escape through a hole in one region into another

Variables
1. Volume – refers to the three-dimensional space enclosed by the walls of the container. Standard unit of
volume is cubic meters (cm3) but in Gas Law it is necessary to use Liter(L) as a standard unit
 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
LABORATORY SCHOOL
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Conversion

King Henry Died Unexpectedly Drinking Chocolate Milk

Kilo Hecto Deca Meter Deci Centi Mili
1000 100 10 Liter .01 .001 .0001
Gram

1L 1000cm3 1mL 1cm3

1L 1dm3 1mL 0.001dm3
1000L 1m3 1mL 0.0000001m3

2. Pressure – refers to the force exerted per unit area. In gas, it is produced by the molecules colliding with
the walls of its container. The standard unit of Pressure is Atmospheric Pressure (atm).

Conversion

1atm 760mmHg Millimeter of Mercury (Hg)

1 atm 76cmHg Centimeter of Mercury (Hg)
1atm 760 Torr Torr
1atm 101325 Pa Pascal
1atm 101.3 kPa Kilopascal

3. Temperature – refers to the degree of hotness and coldness. The standard unit of temperature is Kelvin (K)

Celsius to Fahrenheit (C˚ x 9/5) + 32

Fahrenheit to Celsius (F˚ - 32) x 5/9
Celsius to Kelvin C˚ + 273.15K

4. Moles – refers to the unit of measurement to express the amount of substance present in a chemical. The
standard unit of moles is moles (mol) and if it is expressed in grams (g) convert it to moles.

How to determine the moles

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hMP45xgkQ4

2.2 g of H2O = 1 mole of H2O/ 18 g of H2O = 0.12 mol

Gas Law

Boyle’s Law: Pressure ana Volume

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
LABORATORY SCHOOL
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Robert Boyle (162-1691) is an Irish Scientist who discovered the relationship of pressure and
volume. He performed an experiment wherein he trapped a fixed amount of air in the J-tube. According to
Boyle’s Law, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure at constant temperature.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eR49g3ubTBg

Charles’ Law: Volume and Temperature

Jacques Charles (1746-1823) is a French Scientist who discovered the relationship of Volume and
Temperature. He performed an experiment wherein he trapped a fixed amount of air in the J-tube that was
sealed at one end and immerse the tube in a water bath with different temperature. According to Charles’
Law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature at the constant pressure.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NplVuTrr59U&t=248s

Gay-Lussac’s Law: Temperature and Pressure

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1746-1823) is French scientist who discovered the relationship of
Temperature and Pressure. He performed an experiment wherein he increases the temperature of the gas in
a closed container its pressure increases. According to Gay-Lussac’s Law, the temperature of a gas is directly
proportional to the pressure at a constant volume.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6DZRiSIK3s

Application of Gas Law in daily lives

Respiratory Dialysis, Cooking, Aircraft, Fire and Explosion Prevention and Weather Prediction.