Community Engagement

Solidarity and Citizenship 12

Quarter 1
Module 4
 Community According
to the Social
Sciences’ Perspectives

 Community According
to Institutional
Perspectives
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship
Quarter 1 / Module 4: Community According to the Social Sciences’ Perspectives /
Community According to Institutional Perspectives

First Edition, 2020

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 Community Engagement
Solidarity and Citizenship 12
Quarter 1
Module 4
 Community According to the Social
Sciences’ Perspectives

 Community According to Institutional

Perspectives
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship 12 Module on

Definitions (Community, Community Dynamics, Community Action & Applied Social
Sciences) / Community Dynamics!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in-Charge
Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in partnership with
the City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The
writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.
For the Learners:

Welcome to the Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship Module on Community

According to Social Sciences’ Perspective / Community According to Institutional Perspective!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts
to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills tat you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of

the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATION

1. State the definitions of the community through the lens of the Social Sciences and
Institutions.
2. Compare and contrast the definitions of community using various perspectives.

PRE–TEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. A branch of Social Science that analyzes the history, evolution, structure, and
functions of societies.
a. Sociology c. Philosophy
b. Politics d. History

2. Paleolithic Age ( Old Stone Age)

a. Hunter - Gatherers c. Agricultural
b. Horticultural d. Agrarian

3. Neolithic Age
a. Hunter - Gatherers c. Agricultural
b. Horticultural d. Agrarian

4. The people sharing a common geographical space.

a. Population c. Sovereignty
b. Territory d. Government

5. The community is empowered to enforce rules within its territory.

a. Population c. Sovereignty
b. Territory d. Government

RECAP

Last week we talk about the basic definition of community, community dynamics and
action and the applied social sciences. Now let’s see how much you learned from the past
lessons:
1. What influences the dynamics of the community?
2. How will you connect community action from the applied social sciences?
 LESSON

A. SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES

From the words of Henrik Ibsen, “A community is like a ship;

everyone ought to be prepared to take the helm.”

1. Anthropological Perspective. – Community being an organized

social structure serves as the driving force for civilization. Human
development came side by side with the development of communal orientation as well as
with the evolution of socio-economic structures.

a. Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) – Hunter Gatherers

The earliest humans were able to create tools from rocks and other solid materials
found elsewhere in their environment. Through sheer ingenuity these early people were
able to produce tools for hunting and chopping. Such display of ingenuity must have
been driven by their sense of
community in which gathering of
foods was no longer intended to
feed one or two persons but the
entire community. In the
process, as the population
continues to grow, the early
humans were able to develop a
system of holding the entire
community together into one
solid unit working collectively for
the common good. Photo credits to DEA Picture
Library/De Agostini/Getty
Image
b. Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age) – Horticultural and Agricultural

In this period early people started

using tools more advanced than
those in the Paleolithic era.
Because the population is getting
bigger so as the demands for
provisions which brought the idea
of growing plants for food instead
of just relying on what the nature
can provide. This marked the
transition of a community into an
agricultural oriented social system
which resulted also in inequality
and conflict within and with other
communities. Photo credits to ir4project.org
c. Neolithic Age – Agrarian

This period is characterized by the advancement of technology which resulted to the

large agricultural production and consequently led to social stratifications. People of
the community saw how the large stockpile of agricultural products can translate to
power. The situation created a
competition that was decided by the
size of land owned and technology
used in order to produce more. From
then on conflict and competition has
played a big role in the community
dynamics.

The Banaue Rice Terraces is an

embodiment of an early agricultural
communities in Northern Philippines.
Photo source: en.wikipedia.org.

2. Sociological Perspective. – Sociology is a branch of Social Science that analyzes the

history, evolution, structure, and functio ns of societies. Sociologist studied community as
a system and tried to generate empirical data to established theories on various social
phenomena stemming from inter-human relationships as well as humans to institutions
relationships.

a. Social Stratification. Involves categorization of people in a community into groups

based on several factors which include wealth, income, occupation, race, gender, power
among others. Social stratification provides a view of the situations within the
community system such as how power is obtained or shared including the distribution
of race and gender in the population.

b. Social Class. Hierarchical

categorization of people based on
the income economic capacity.
This includes the most basic
classification such as upper class,
middle class and lower class.
Politicians and economic planners
used this kind of categorization to
have a clearer vision of how
certain socio-economic policies
will affect people in the economic
system work or how certain policy
will affect the people. Photo credits to study.com
c. Social Mobility. Refers to the movement of
an individual or group within or between
social strata. It results in change in social
status relative so one’s positions or location.
One example of social mobility is the
movement from one lower position to a
higher position in a political system.
Another manifestations of social mobility is
the shift in social class of OFWs from lower
to upper class of OFWs resulting from
increased in financial capability.

d. Gender Equality Movements. It involves how individuals view themselves in the light
of their freedom to choose what gender view they will intend to follow or perform certain
roles without having to confront any form of
social repercussion.

e. Deviance. Any form of action or behavior that

undermines social norms, laws or cultural
orientations. Deviance can be a mere result of
a person’s inclination to follow a personal view
of a socially acceptable behavior and not
necessarily an affront to the rules and
customary order.

For some Filipinos having tattoos especially

among women is a form of deviance but for
anthropologists tattoos has significant part in our
rich culture. Photo credits to Lars Krutak.

3. Political Science Perspectives. – Politics is

about the interrelationship of power and the community. Political scientists view
community as a system composed of people of diverse views that create conflicts and
competitions. Such kind of interactions necessitate the need for an authority that will
assume power in order to establish and preserve order.

B. INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES’

1. Political Perspectives. Community as a political system composed

of the following elements:
 a. Population. Refers to the people who are
bestowed with duties, rights and privileges in
order to maximize potentials to the benefits of
the community.

b. Territory. A geographical community

occupies a physical space within which all
social, economic and political views and
activities may be practiced.

c. Sovereignty. At the community level it

basically refers to the capacity of the
community to enforce rules within its
territory.

d. Government. An institution at the

community level that was empowered to
ensure order within its territory.

2. Economic Perspectives. A community

is a dynamic social grouping in which all
the members strive to sustain daily living
through different activities involving
production, and exchanges of goods and
services. Due to the limitations on the
resources the community necessitated the
adoption of a system that will ensure fair Photo credits: businessdiary.com /
distribution of resources. burgermac /

3. Education Institution Perspectives. Human survival is tied up to the different

techniques and innovations the people can muster in order to provide for their needs.
Through the advancement of intellect, people learned how to adapt to their environment
and utilize all the resources around them to produce their daily necessities. As social
beings, humans live in a community that they share with others for which they have to
relinquish certain aspect of their freedom to be able to harmoniously coexist.

“Education for all” has long been the mantra of the DepED because education
will open the door for multitude of opportunities for better life for young
individuals and progress for the community (Photo credit to rappler.com)
4. Religious Perspectives. In as far as religious perspective is concerned, a community
is consist of people who commit and practice a common belief system. The culture system
wasn’t always a product of a social process but by a pre-established code handed down to
the people through and enforced by an
anointed leader.

People of different ages from various

walks of life gathered to show their
support to the efforts for a peaceful
Mindanao (Photo credit to the Office of
the Presidential Adviser on the Peace
Process / peace.gov.ph).

ACTIVITY

Reflection Writing: Take time to examine the illustration closely and reflect on how the
illustrator would like to depict how the dominant political institution view the society. Write
your reflection in a notebook that will be your journal for this subject. You can share your
output to your parents/guardian and let them assess your view. You can use the rubrics
given after the illustration.

RUBRICS
Score
Criteria
1 2 3 4 5
CONTENT. Consistent with the lesson.
ORGANIZATION. Presentation of ideas was logically sequenced

PRESENTATION. The idea has been clearly presented.

TOTAL
 WRAP–UP

Before we end up with Module 4 let us see how much you’ve learned from to last
topics:

1. What are the stages of community development according to the

anthropologists?
2. How will you differentiate the political view of community from economics’
point of view?

VALUING

Society as a social system have undergone different stages of development. The

community in which you live in also undergoes stages of development. Your community
may not have achieved yet the level that will make it a truly livable place to be but the
opportunities are always there. As a member of your community you should have a part
in that process of transformation. Using the knowledge that you have and the aspirations
of young people like you progress will never be a far-fetched possibility.

POST TEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. A branch of Social Science that analyzes the history, evolution, structure, and
functions of societies.
a. Sociology c. Philosophy
b. Politics d. History

2. The community is empowered to enforce rules within its territory.

a. Population c. Sovereignty
b. Territory d. Government

3. Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)

a. Hunter - Gatherers c. Agricultural
b. Horticultural d. Agrarian
 4. Neolithic Age
a. Hunter - Gatherers c. Agricultural
b. Horticultural d. Agrarian

5. The people sharing a common geographical space.

a. Population c. Sovereignty
b. Territory d. Government

KEY TO CORRECTION
5. C 4. A 3.D 2. A 1. A
Pretest:

Posttest:
5. A 4. D 3.A 2. C 1. A

R E F E R E N CE S
Book

Delos Santos, Danilo Lorenzo S. 2017. Community Enggagement, Solidarity, and

Citizenship Quezon City: VIBAL Group, Inc.

Photos and Illustrations:

DEA Picture Library/De Agostini/Getty Image-Hunter Gatherers, January 5 2018,

accessed on June 17 2020 https://www.history.com/topics/pre-
history/hunter-gatherers

Geronimo Jee Y. - Education for all by 2015? Not happening, says Unesco, April 10 2014
accessed June 18 2020, https://www.rappler.com/nation/55127-education-
goals-updates-unesco
Lowe Aya – Reviving the art of Filipino tribal tattoos, May 27 2014, accessed on June 18
2020 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27539510

Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process – Bangsamoro women appeal for
Congress to pass BBL, March 8 2018, accessed on June 18 2020
https://peace.gov.ph/2018/03/bangsamoro-women-appeal-congress-pass-
bbl/
Study.com - Social Stratification Factors: Wealth, Power, & Prestige, accessed June 17
2020 https://study.com/academy/lesson/social-stratification-factors-wealth-
power-prestige.html
The IR4 Project – History of Environmental (Ornamental) Horticulture in the United States, June 13 2018, accessed on June
17 2020 https://www.ir4project.org/ehc/history-of-environmental-ornamental-horticulture-in-the-united-
states/

Wikipedia – Banaue Rice Terraces, April 19 2009, accessed June 18 2020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaue_Rice_Terraces

WEBSITES

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/what-is-social-stratification/

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