Aircrew Aviation Security Course

AIRCREW AVIATION SECURITY COURSE
Revision 2, 2020
1
CONTENT
1 Introduction
7 Security at the carrier
2 Airport security I 8 Threats
3 Airport security II 9 Unruly & Disruptive Behavior
4 Airport security III 10 Sabotage on board an aircraft
5 Screening and security at

the airport
11 Hijacking on board an aircraft
6 Liquid and Prohibited

Articles
12 Security search & airborne
procedure
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INTORDUCTION
CHAPTER 1
3
3
INTRODUCTION
Why is it needed?
11th September 2001 terrorist attack
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4
INTRODUCTION
Why is it needed?
Shoe bomber
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5
INTRODUCTION
Who must undergo aviation security training?
All personnel who work in environment classified as a security risk to

undergo training in which they are made aware of potential incidents due to
6 lack of vigilance.
6
INTRODUCTION
Threat to aviation
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7
INTRODUCTION
Threat to aviation
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8
INTRODUCTION
Definition and purpose of the training
An aviation security training programme addresses the operator’s procedures related to

cabin crew members’ security-related duties and responsibilities, as per the operations manual,
and other regulatory or national material.
The purpose of aviation security training is to help crew members:
1. Learn and be aware of civil aviation security threats.

2. Understand the requirements of airport identification cards, security controls and
procedures.
3. Gain knowledge and perspective on how to deal with unusual situations that may arise
how to respond to them.
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INTRODUCTION
Security definition
Security is a combination of
Procedures Human Material
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10
INTRODUCTION
Security provisions
Each country has its own

provisions covering security.
The overall aim of such provisions is

to prevent unlawful interference
with civil aviation.
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INTRODUCTION
Security provisions – International Organizations
Each country must establish equally

strict procedures both for domestic
and international air traffic
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INTRODUCTION
1 2 3 4 5 6
United Nations
Economic and
ECOSOC social council
International civil
ICAO aviation organization
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INTRODUCTION
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

• ICAO was established by the convention on International Civil Aviation,
signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944. This is known as the Chicago
Convention.
• Its Contracting States have agreed on certain principles and
arrangements in order that International Civil Aviation may be developed
in a safe way
• When aviation Security became a serious issue in the late 1960s, there
was a need for an international framework to deal with acts of unlawful
interference
• ICAO now consists of 193 Contracting States
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INTRODUCTION
Security provisions – Annex 17
A Standard The Aviation

There are 19 Practice is Annex 17 relates Security Manual
Annexes to the mandatory and specifically to known as Doc
Convention on must be put into Aviation Security 8973 provides
International Civil practice by “International guidance on how
Aviation member states Standards to use the SARPS
These Annexes A Recommended Annex 17 also

contain Practice is not relates to
International mandatory but is recommended
Standards and highly Practices for
Recommended recommended Safeguarding
Practices (SARPs) International
Civil Aviation
Against Acts of
Unlawful
Interference”
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INTRODUCTION
Security provisions – Conventions
• The Chicago Convention (1944)

• Convention on offences and certain other acts committed on board aircraft (Tokyo,
1963)
• Convention for the suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft (The Hague, 1970)
• Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation
(Montreal, 1971)
• Convention on the marking of plastic explosives for the purpose of detection
(Montreal, 1991)
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INTRODUCTION
Security provisions – ICAO Collaborators
• International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO/INTERPOL)
•Universal Postal Union (UPU)
•International Air Transport Association (IATA)
•Airports Council International (ACI)
•International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations (IFALPA)
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INTRODUCTION
Security provisions – National Authorities
National Security Regulation
EASA-OPS (European Aviation Safety Agency – Operations)
ICAO Annex 17, “Unlawful Interference”
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INTRODUCTION
Security provisions – National Aviation Authorities (NAA)
National Aviation Authorities are responsible for:
• Formulating goals
• Setting up an organization
• Earmarking resources
• Establishing procedures
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INTRODUCTION
Security provisions – Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA)
Civil Aviation Authorities are responsible authorities for:

• Developing national safety operations
• Ensure that these developments are implemented
• Upheld and the recommendations followed
Civil Aviation Authorities role is to:

• Formulate and institute the national aviation security
program NASP
• Carry out admission checks
• Maintain negotiations and collaboration with the
responsible international authorities and other
organizations
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INTRODUCTION
Security provisions – Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA)
Civil Aviation Authorities are responsible for a national security program to

suppress unlawful acts committed against the safety of civil aviation.
National police boards are responsible for:

• Continually updated threat assessment to civil aviation
• Stepping up police assistance
• Protecting representatives of central governments,
persons on state visits and similar events.
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INTRODUCTION
Security provisions – National Aviation Authorities (NAA)
Each state shall superintend its governmental bodies,

airport authorities and airlines to make sure that they conduct
their security surveillance operations in compliance with
regulations.
All operators
• Airport • Air operator • Air traffic control • Shipping agent •
Must use a quality assurance system, which ensures that

all regulations relevant to their operations are applied.
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INTRODUCTION
Module review
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION

ORGANISATION
What does ICAO INTERNATIONAL CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT

stand for? ORDERS

OPERATION
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INTRODUCTION
Module review

ORGANISATION
What does ICAO

stand for?
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INTRODUCTION
Module review
TO PROTECT PEOPLE FROM UNLAWFUL

ACTS
What is the
TO PROTECT AIRPORTS AND STAFF FROM
main aim of UNLAWFUL ACTS
security?
TO PROTECT CIVIL AVIATION FROM
UNLAWFUL ACTS
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INTRODUCTION
Module review
What is the
main aim of
security?
TO PROTECT CIVIL AVIATION FROM
UNLAWFUL ACTS
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AIRPORT PART I
CHAPTER 2
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AIRPORT PART I
Common security standards
The various types of civil aviation do not
present the same level of threat.
When setting common standards for aviation

security the following need to be considered:
• Size of the aircraft

• Nature of the operation
• Frequency of operations at airports
The appropriate authorities can also consider

exemptions to established security standards.
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AIRPORT PART I
Emergency plan
Contents of an emergency plan:
• Type of emergency (e.g. aircraft incidents,

bomb treats etc.)
• Categories of staff to be involved and their
responsibility
• Names and phone numbers of staff to be
involved
• Maps and plans of the airport and its
surroundings.
• Setting up and manning of an Emergency
Service by competent personnel
• Arrangements for media with TV/Video
monitoring
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AIRPORT PART I
Declaring an emergency
An emergency is declared in the following

cases:
• When serious damage can arise

• Hijacking
• Sabotage
• Bomb threat
• Terrorism
• Kidnapping
• Other threat
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AIRPORT PART I
Airport design
• Security measures must be taken to protect
passengers, their baggage, freight, catering and
warehouses.
• Limits must be setup between public and non-public
areas.
• Safeguarding and control of access to the airside,
restricted areas of other vulnerable areas and airport
installations
• Effective usage of security equipment.
• There must be no mixing of passengers who have
been cleared by security and those who have not
• Passengers who have been cleared by security must
not mix with passengers who are arriving and who might
not have been checked
• Adequate procedures must be in place to stop
passengers from carrying prohibited items aboard.
This also applies for transit or transferring passengers.
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AIRPORT PART I
Airport design
• Airside: the movement area of an airport, adjacent terrain and
buildings, access to which is restricted
• Landside: parts of the airport, adjacent terrain and buildings that
are not airside
• Security restricted areas (SRA): those areas of the airside of an
airport, which are identified as priority risk areas where in addition to
access control, other security controls are applied.
• Critical parts of security restricted areas (CSRA): is a part of the
Security restricted area that must be always kept 100% sterile.
SRA and CSRA shall include:

• A part of an airport to which screened departing passengers have access
• A part of an airport through which screened departing hold-baggage may pass or in which it may be held
SRA can include:

• A part of an airport designated for the parking of aircraft to be boarded or loaded
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AIRPORT PART I
Security screening
Before entering a security restricted area, a security search of the parts that could have been
contaminated shall be carried out, in order to ensure that they don’t contain prohibited articles.
Access to security restricted areas must be controlled to ensure that no unauthorised persons
or vehicles enter these areas.
Persons and vehicles may be granted access to airside and security restricted areas only if
they fulfill the required security conditions.
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AIRPORT PART I
Access to SRA
Before being allowed unescorted access to SRA, all persons, including flight crew members,
must successfully complete and pass a background check.
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AIRPORT PART I
Access to SRA
In order to be granted access to security restricted areas a

person shall present one of the following
Valid boarding card Valid airport Valid crew Valid national

or equivalent identification card identification card identification card
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AIRPORT PART I
Access to Airside
Access to airside including security restricted areas is granted if
Persons carry an
authorization
Vehicles display a
valid vehicle pass
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AIRPORT PART I
Surveillance
Surveillance or patrols shall be undertaken in order to monitor the following:
• The boundaries between landslide, airside, security restricted areas, critical parts
and demarcated areas
• Areas of, and in proximity of, the terminal that are accessible to public, including
parking areas and roadways
• Display and validity of persons’ identification cards in security restricted areas
other than those areas where passengers are present
• Display and validity of vehicle passes when airside
• Hold baggage, cargo and mail, in-flight supplies and material in critical parts
waiting to be loaded.
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AIRPORT PART I
Surveillance
The following areas must also be protected by

fences, guards and patrols:
• Technical and maintenance areas

• Power installations
• Transformer stations
• Navigation equipment
• Air-traffic control towers and other building used by
flight control
• Fuel depots
• Communication installations
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AIRPORT PART I
Module review
SECURE AND RESTRICTED AREA

What does SRA
SEARCH AND RESCUE
stand for?
SECURITY RESTRICTED AREA
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AIRPORT PART I
Module review
SECURE AND RESTRICTED AREA

What does SRA
SEARCH AND RESCUE
stand for?
SECURITY RESTRICTED AREA
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AIRPORT PART I
Module review
Which persons ONLY PASSENGERS

must pass
through EVERYBODY
security
screening? ALL PERSONS EXCEPT MANAGERS
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AIRPORT PART I
Module review
Which persons ONLY PASSENGERS

must pass
EVERYBODY
through security
screening? ALL PERSONS EXCEPT MANAGERS
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AIRPORT PART II
CHAPTER 3
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AIRPORT PART II
Background check
All personnel admitted to restricted areas must

be subject to a background check.
This check cover at least the last 5 years.
The check must be repeated at regular

intervals of no longer than 5 years.
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AIRPORT PART II
Background check
Categories of persons required to undergo security
controls are the following:
• Persons who have the right to enter security restricted

areas
• Crew members of aircraft
Security controls must check the following:
• Personal knowledge of the person being checked, and

an identity control
• Information that comes to light through testimonials,
certificates and references
• Information that has come to light when checking the
index register and conducting a personal background
check.
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AIRPORT PART II
Background check
It is the duty of employers to ensure that background security checks
are made of their personnel, before a candidate becomes an employee.
These checks are performed based on

specific rules, such as:
• Using open-source intelligence (OSINT) prior

to hiring
• A background check is performed by the
appropriate official entity, post-hiring
• A crew Identification Card can be issued only
after the successful competition of the
background check
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AIRPORT PART II
Access areas
Airport color areas:
● All areas
● Landside, non-SRA
● Internal airside
● External airside plus internal access
● Diplomatic passes
● Temporary pass
Airports zone numbering
1. Internal areas except 2 and 3 5. Aircraft and their footprints

2. Baggage reclaim halls 6. All other external areas of the SRA
3. Baggage makeup areas 7. All areas
47 4. Ramp
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AIRPORT PART II
Identification card
• All personnel needed access to a security

restricted area must have a crew or
identification card that displays the zones
included.
• A crew or identification card is a personal

document and must have a name and
photograph of the holder.
• Crew or airport identification cards have a

maximum validity of five years.
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AIRPORT PART II
Identification card
Identification cards shall be worn in a visible place,

whenever the holder is in a security restricted area.
A person without a visible identification card, while in

security restricted area others than those where passengers
are present, shall be challenged and, as appropriate,
reported.
Cabin and flight deck crew must always check the

identification card of a person who wants to enter the
aircraft. Should they fail to present a valid one they should
be denied access and reported.
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AIRPORT PART II
Identification card
The Identification card shall be return to issuing entity:
• Upon request of issuing entity

• Upon termination of employment
• Upon change of employer
• Upon change of the need for access to areas for which
authorization has been given
• Upon expiry of the card
• Upon withdrawal of the card
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AIRPORT PART II
Identification card
A crew identification card of a

crew member employed by an air
carrier shall display:
Kay Oss
• Name of the holder
• Photograph of the holder CABIN CREW
• Name of the air carrier
• The word “CREW” in English
• Expiry date Expires: 05.12.2025
• Security features making the card
difficult to copy or tamper with such
as: hologram, seal, bar codes, QR
codes
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AIRPORT PART II
Identification card
An airport identification card shall COMPANY:

display:
Joe King
• Name of the holder
Budapest Airport
• Photograph of the holder
• Name of the employer of the holder
• Name of the issuing entity or the airport
• Areas for which the holder is authorized Expires: 05.12.2025
access
• Expiry date Access areas: All areas
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AIRPORT PART II
Authorization passes
The design of passes can vary from one airport to

another or from one country to another.
Several types of identification cards exist:
• Full Pass
• Temporary Pass
• Various designs of passes for Controlling Authorities
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AIRPORT PART II
Airport departments
Each airport has more departments involved

in security:
• Airport Duty Officers
• Customs
• The Border Agency
• The Airport Security Centre
• Airport Security Guards
• Airport Security Inspectors
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AIRPORT PART II
Module review
ALL PERSONS THAT HAVE ACCESS TO THE

AIRCRAFT
Which categories
of persons must ALL PERSONS THAT HAVE ACCESS TO
undergo a LANDSIDE
background check?
ALL PERSONS THAT HAVE ACCESS TO
RESTRICTED AREAS
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AIRPORT PART II
Module review
ALL PERSONS THAT HAVE ACCESS TO THE

AIRCRAFT
Which categories
of persons must ALL PERSONS THAT HAVE ACCESS TO
undergo a LANDSIDE
background check?
ALL PERSONS THAT HAVE ACCESS TO
RESTRICTED AREAS
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AIRPORT PART II
Module review
YES, PROVIDED THEY WORK AT THE

May a crew lend SAME COMPANY
their
identification card NO, UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES
to another
persons? YES, UNDER EXCEPTIONAL
CIRCUMSTANCES
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AIRPORT PART II
Module review
YES, PROVIDED THEY WORK AT THE

May a crew lend SAME COMPANY
their
identification card NO, UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES
to another
persons? YES, UNDER EXCEPTIONAL
CIRCUMSTANCES
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AIRPORT PART III
CHAPTER 4
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AIRPORT PART III
Civil aviation as a target
Possible targets in
aviation:
1. Airport
• Airport entrance
• Check-in areas
• Search areas
2. Aircraft
• High-jacking
• Sabotage
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AIRPORT PART III
Threat levels
Low - unlikely
5
4 Moderate – possible, but unlikely
3 Substantial – strong possibility
2 Severe – highly likely
1 Critical - imminent
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AIRPORT PART III
Attacker profiles
• The mentally deranged: targets civil aviation to

protest or gain attention.
• The criminal: an offender on the run from justice.
• The fugitive: running from a dictatorship and
demands transportation to a more democratic
country.
• Politically motivated terrorists: belong to a
pollical group. The aim of the attack could be to
attract attention to an issue, liberation of
imprisoned group members or retaliate.
• Protesters: these could be animal right activists or
environmental protesters.
• Employees: they could be motivated by revenge if
involved in company dispute or dismissed from
their jobs.
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AIRPORT PART III
Be vigilant
• Details of security procedures and measures shall not
be discussed away from workplace.
• Report to security all persons trying to persuade you to

take an item through security.
• All members of staff need to be always on the look-out

for unattended items.
• Should you find an unattended bag or box or anything

similar on the airport premises you should not touch it.
• All members of staff need to be always on the look-out

for suspicious items.
• Staff must always be vigilant when vehicles are around

in restricted areas or around the airport and report any
which seem suspicious.
• It is very important that staff report incidents or other

occurrences that deviate from daily routines.
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AIRPORT PART III
Contact with the Media
Interview tips:
• Be prepared for uncomfortable questions and

try to dominate the interview.
• Be honest: if you do not want to comment or don’t

know the answer say so.
• Give short and concise answers.
• Be constructive and don’t criticize customers or

other airline operators.
• Never reveal the names of other persons.
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AIRPORT PART III
Module review
6
How many levels
of threats are
there in civil 5
aviation?
3
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AIRPORT PART III
Module review
6
How many levels
of threats are
there in civil 5
aviation?
3
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AIRPORT PART III
Module review
Reports are used to identify trends and

security threats
Why does staff
need to report Security personnel must be aware of
deviations of daily what is happening on their shift
routines?
May prevent crime and help correct
faulty routines
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AIRPORT PART III
Module review
Reports are used to identify trends and

security threats
Why does staff
need to report Security personnel must be aware of
deviations of daily what is happening on their shift
routines?
May prevent crime and help correct
faulty routines
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SCREENING AND SECURITY AT THE AIRPORT
CHAPTER 5
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Security staff
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Security Officer Force
The Security Officer force is employed to carry out a range of

essential functions:
• Screening of baggage using automated explosive detection

systems
• Searching and checking of aircraft
• Control of access to aircraft
• Searching and patrolling of Restricted Areas
• Checking of vehicles and supplies
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Security Officer Force
Security control officers and security guards who are

responsible for patrolling the airport must wear identity badges
displaying the text “Airport security” and must be clearly visible.
AIRPORT SECURITY
Justin Thyme
Budapest Airport
Expires: 05.12.2025
Access areas: All areas
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Monitoring equipment
It is important that new technical aids for monitoring and surveillance are developed to ensure
that no dangerous items that can be used for criminal activities are permitted to enter the aircraft.
• They must be devised in

such a way that security
staff does not miss a
dangerous item.
• Special attention must be

paid to electrical and
battery-powered items
carried in luggage.
• Must be maintained and

checked according to
regulation and approved
by competent authorities.
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Security checks
All persons must be cleared, including staff and flight
crew, persons in authority, passengers, transfer
passengers, if they were not cleared by security earlier,
hand luggage, checked-in luggage and transfer luggage
in order to uncover suspect, prohibited articles such
as explosive charges or any other dangerous items.
Before screening all persons shall take of their coats

and jackets for screening.
Portable computers and large electrical items must

be removed from cabin luggage and screened
separately.
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Screening methods
• Manual security inspection
• Metal detector portal through which they pass
• When using a portal monitor, spot checks of

screened passengers must be conducted on a
random basis.
Handheld metal detectors (HHMD) are The Archway metal detector (AMD), also
designed for quick and efficient body search called a Walk-Through Metal Detector, is a
scanning for knives, weapons and concealed stand-alone structure that resembles a wide
metal objects. door frame.
HHMD may only be used as supplementary When a questionable item or material is

means of screening. detected by an AMD, it produces an alarm
signal (a light or audible alarm, or both).
It shall not replace the requirement of a hand
search.
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Baggage security check
• A security check shall also be carried out for

freight, courier and express packages, post and
goods deliveries to be transported by air.
• All baggage – be it cabin, hand, or cargo

compartment baggage – all cargo, supplies and
retail goods must be screened before being
allowed into the Security restricted area.
• Baggage for the hold is screened separately prior

to being loaded onto an aircraft.
• All items of baggage, all cargo, supplies or retail

goods that have not been screened or searched
must be reported.
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Baggage security check – exemptions
A diplomatic bag, also known as a diplomatic pouch,

is a container with certain legal protections used for
carrying official correspondence or other items between
a diplomatic mission and its home government or
other diplomatic, consular, or otherwise official entity.
The 1961 Vienna Convention states that if it is externally

marked to show its status, the "bag" has diplomatic
immunity from search or seizure.
It is up to each country to determine for itself whether

diplomatic bags should be screened or not.
Diplomats or other persons who enjoy immunity and

their personal luggage are required to be cleared by
security as they are not exempted from these
77 stipulations.
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Cabin baggage screening
Hand search X-ray equipment Explosive detection systems

(EDS)
Where the screener cannot determine whether the cabin baggage

contains any prohibited articles it shall be rejected or rescreened to the
screener’s satisfaction.
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Checked in luggage
The following steps must be taken to safeguard

checked-in luggage:
• Before luggage is stowed it must be kept at the

baggage sorting area or other secure area with
admission to authorized staff only.
• Original luggage and luggage for transfer may
not be left unsupervised on the ramp or by the
aircraft before being stowed on board.
• Except within CSRA the checked in or transfer
luggage does not need to be supervised on the
ramp.
• Admission to Lost Property offices shall be
restricted in order to prevent unauthorized
access to luggage and other items
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Module review
No
Diplomats are
exempted from Yes, if allowed by the state
screening?
Yes
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Module review
No
Are diplomats
exempted from Yes, if allowed by the state
screening?
Yes
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Module review
Airline operators Yes, they can decide what they transport

may accept
Yes, if cleared by security
luggage for
transport? Yes, if they are allowed to transport cargo
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Module review
Airline operators Yes, they can decide what they transport

may accept
Yes, if cleared by security
luggage for
transport? Yes, if they are to transport cargo
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LIQUIDS AND PROHIBITED ARTICLES
CHAPTER 6
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LIQUID AND PROHIBITED ARTICLE
2006 transatlantic aircraft plot
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‘Liquids’ definition
Liquids include gel, creams, mixtures of liquids and solids and the
contents of pressurized containers, such as toothpaste, hair gel, all
forms of drinks, soups, perfumes, shaving foam, aerosols and other
items with similar consistencies.
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LAGS
LAGS shall be screened by:
• X-ray equipment
• Explosive detection systems (EDS)
• Explosive trace detection (ETD)
• Chemical reaction test strips
• Bottled liquid scanners
• Tasting or testing on the screen may be used as a
supplementary means of screening.
• Liquids in carry-on baggage should be in containers no larger than 100 ml.

• Several 100 ml containers may in the same bag if it does not exceed 1 liter in volume.
• The total volume of the containers must not exceed 1 liter.
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LAGS – exceptions to regulations
Exceptions are permitted if the liquid:
• Will be used during the journey and is necessary for medical

purposes or is part of a special diet or baby food
• Was purchased on the airport side, after security checkpoint,

from a store regulated by the airport security plans
• Was purchased from withing the authorized zone, in a store

regulated by the official security routines as provided by the
security arrangements at the airport
• Was purchased at another airport in the European Union
• Was purchased onboard an EU-based carrier
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Prohibited items
An exemption may be granted if:
• The appropriate authority has

given consent for the article to
be carried
• The air carrier has been

informed about the passenger
and the article being carried
prior to passengers boarding
the aircraft
• Applicable safety rules are

complied with
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Prohibited items
The following articles are prohibited from restricted zones and on-board aircraft
without prior permission:
• Any firearm, or item having the appearance of a firearm, whether it is capable of

being discharged or not
• Any explosive, any article manufactured or adapted to have the appearance of an

explosive, whether it can produce practical effect by explosion or not, or any
article marked or labeled to indicate that it is, or contains explosives
• Any article (not coming under either of the preceding paragraphs) designed or
adapted to cause injury or incapacitate a person or to destroy or damage property
or intended for such use either by the person having it or by anyone else.
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Prohibited items in hold
• Explosives, including detonators, blasting caps, • Toxic or infectious substances including rat poison and
grenades, mines and explosive devices infected blood
• Gases, including propane and butane • Radioactive material, including medicinal and
commercial isotopes
• Flammable liquids, including gasoline and methanol
• Corrosive substances, including mercury and car
• Flammable solids and reactive substances including batteries
magnesium, firelighters, fireworks and sparklers
• Components for vehicle fuel systems that have
• Oxidizers and organic peroxides, including bleach and contained fuel.
repair kits for car bodywork
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List of prohibited items 1
a. guns, firearms and other devices that discharge projectiles (devices capable, or appearing
capable, of being used to cause serious injury by discharging a projectile), including:
• firearms of all types, such as pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns,

• toy guns, replicas and imitation firearms capable of being mistaken for real weapons,
• component parts of firearms, excluding telescopic sights,
• compressed air and CO2 guns, such as pistols, pellet guns, rifles and ball bearing guns,
• signal flare pistols and starter pistols,
• bows, cross bows and arrows,
• harpoon guns and spear guns,
• slingshots and catapults;
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b. stunning devices (devices designed specifically to stun or immobilize), including:
• devices for shocking, such as stun guns, tasers and stun batons,
• animal stunners and animal killers,
• disabling and incapacitating chemicals, gases and sprays, such as mace, pepper sprays, capsicum
sprays, tear gas, acid sprays and animal repellent sprays;
c. objects with a sharp point or sharp edge (objects with a sharp point or sharp edge capable of
being used to cause serious injury), including:
• items designed for chopping, such as axes, hatchets and cleavers

• ice axes and ice picks,
• razor blades,
• box cutters,
• knives with blades of more than 6 cm,
• scissors with blades of more than 6 cm as measured from the fulcrum,
• martial arts equipment with a sharp point or sharp edge,
93 • swords and sabers;
93
d. workmen’s tools (tools capable of being used either to cause serious injury or to threaten
the safety of aircraft), including:
• crowbars,
• drills and drill bits, including cordless portable power drills,
• tools with a blade or a shaft of more than 6 cm capable of use as a weapon, such as screwdrivers and
chisels,
• saws, including cordless portable power saws,
• - blowtorches,
• - bolt guns and nail guns;
e. blunt instruments (objects capable of being used to cause serious injury when used to hit),
including:
• baseball and softball bats,

• clubs and batons, such as billy clubs, blackjacks and night sticks,
• martial arts equipment;
94
94
f. explosives and incendiary substances and devices (explosives and incendiary substances and
devices capable, or appearing capable, of being used to cause serious injury or to pose a threat
to the safety of aircraft), including:
• ammunition,
• blasting caps,
• detonators and fuses,
• replica or imitation explosive devices,
• mines, grenades and other explosive military stores,
• fireworks and other pyrotechnics,
• smoke-generating canisters and smoke-generating cartridges,
• dynamite, gunpowder and plastic explosives.
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Yes, if they were purchased on the

airport side
Are liquids
accepted on board Yes, if allowed by the law
an aircraft?
No
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96
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Yes, if they were purchased on the

airport side
Are liquids
accepted on board Yes, if allowed by the law
an aircraft?
No
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Is a container of
Yes, if it is in a plastic sealable bag
1 liter allowed to
Yes
pass through
screening? No
98
98
Module review
Is a container of
Yes, if it is in a plastic sealable bag
1 liter allowed to
Yes
pass through
screening? No
99
99
SECURITY AT THE CARRIER
CHAPTER 7
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100
Security program
Every air carrier shall draw up, apply and maintain an Air Carrier Security
Program.
The program shall describe the methods and procedures to be followed by

the air carrier in order to comply both with the regulation and the national
aviation security program.
Upon request, the air carrier security program shall be submitted to the
appropriate authority.
Airline operators must employ a quality assurance system that guarantees

compliance with relevant regulations.
They must formulate their operation manuals to ensure their activities follow
established procedures and routines for security
101
101
Operation manual
• Security requirements
• How to report criminal activity
• Instructions on how to inspect an aircraft according

to a special check list
• Security of flight-deck
• Security instructions and guidelines of a non

classified nature. They must include the allocation of
duties among the carrier’s personnel and policies
and procedures for reporting criminal behavior on
board
• A document setting out plans for preventive security

training
102
102
Procedures for guarding an aircraft
Aircrafts should be parked in well lit areas, away from

surrounding enclosures. Air line operators must ensure that
their aircrafts are under surveillance and that no unauthorized
persons can access them during ground stops.
An aircraft must always be subjected to a security search whenever

there is reason to believe an unauthorized person might have had
access to it.
Areas to be searched are:
• Flight deck
• Passenger cabin
• Cargo holds
• Aircraft exterior parts
• Wheel wells
• Hatches
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103
• Doors
Procedures for guarding an aircraft
An aircraft shall be protected against unauthorized access by:
• Ensuring that persons seeking unauthorized access are

challenged promptly
• Having its external doors closed.
• Having electronic means which will immediately detect
unauthorized access
If external doors are closed and the aircraft is in a part other than a
critical part each external door shall:
• Have access aids removed

• Be sealed
• Be locked
• Be monitored
If a seal or a lock has been damaged, or the alarm has been

triggered the aircraft must undergo an extended security
104 search before it can be put into service
104
Documents
An operator must keep tickets or corresponding travel documents, boarding cards,

luggage tags and waybills in such a way to prevent unauthorized access to them or the
operators booking system.
105
105
Transport of weapons
An airline operator that approves weapon

transport must:
• Stow the weapons in the cargo compartment

during transport, making them inaccessible
• Ensure that the weapons are not loaded
Exceptions may be made for bodyguards, military troops and police

force. If any of these categories travel internationally and carry weapons
on board, they must have a permit issued by the country in which they
will land.
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106
Reporting criminal activities
A criminal act on board an aircraft must be reported immediately by

the commander or the airline operator to local authorities and to the
authorities in the airline’s country of registration.
In the event of hijacking, sabotage, hostage situation or bomb

threat the airline operator must inform police authorities and civil
aviation authorities.
The airline operator must send a written report without delay or within 72 hours after the
following incidents have taken place:
• All bomb threats

• Incidents regarding security
• Deviations from the security program
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107
Training programs
Airline operators must establish, maintain and implement a training program that would
enable their training personnel to make the correct decision in order to supress criminal acts
and minimise the damage such incidents occur.
The following groups need to be trained:
• Personnel with explicit responsibility for security

• Members of the crew
• Personnel working with handling
• Personnel working with cargo
• Other personnel with access to restricted areas
at the airport
Yearly recurrent training:
• Incidents and what to learn from them

• Relevant updates regarding the airline security program
• Relevant changes in the requirements as set forth by
108
national authorities
108
Module review
Airport security must be called

What happens if
a seal of an The aircraft must undergo a security
aircraft is search
damaged?
The aircraft must undergo an extended
security search
109
109
Module review
Airport security must be called

What happens if
a seal of an The aircraft must undergo a security
aircraft is search
damaged?
The aircraft must undergo an extended
security search
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Passengers and their luggage

What needs to be
checked as part Flight deck, passenger cabin, cargo holds,
of a security aircraft exterior parts
search?
The aircraft, crew, passengers, cargo and
luggage
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Module review
Passengers and their luggage

What needs to be
checked as part Flight deck, passenger cabin, cargo holds,
of a security aircraft exterior parts
search?
The aircraft, crew, passengers, cargo and
luggage
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112
THREATS
CHAPTER 8
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113
THREATS
Definition
A Threat is defined as a probability or likelihood of
an attack.
Terrorist groups:
• Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)

• HAMAS
• Hizballah
• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
• al-Qa’ida (AQ)
• Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA)
• Army of Islam (AOI)
• ISIS
• Ansarallah
• Communist Party of the Philippines/New People’s
Army
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114
THREATS
Categories of threats
Sabotage Hijacking Extortion
Personal Cyber Insider

threats threat threat
115
115
THREATS
Receiving a threat
Threats are most often received by telephone and in

other cases by mail or personal contact.
Most threat cases turn out to be false, however all
threats must be considered a security risk until they
have been thoroughly checked out.
Airports and airline operators must have action plans for
the following events:
• Hijacking
• Bomb threat
All threats must be reported. • Finding a suspicious item
The aircraft commander must be notified regarding every threat directed

against the flight and of the measures deemed necessary to be taken.
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116
THREATS
Threat assessment
Five questions to ask:
1. Where? (Where is the bomb or threat?)

2. When? (When will it happen? When will it explode?)
3. What? (What does it look like?)
4. Who? (Who are you?)
5. Why? (why are you doing this?)
If the threat is received by phone the following can be

of great help:
• Listen carefully and take notes

• Try to record the call
• Prolong the call in order to obtain as much information
as possible
• Once the call is finished, do not hang up
• Report the call to security staff or police immediately
117
117
THREATS
Threat classification
Red Amber Green
This level includes threats This level includes threats This level includes threats
directed against an directed against an where the object of the
identified object, like an identified object, but there threat is unidentified, and
aircraft or a building. are doubts about the threats that lack credibility.
credibility of the person who
A threat is considered red if delivers it.
it is delivered in credible
manner by a person or an
118organization that states their
118 identity.
THREATS
Cooling off period
If a serious threat has been directed against a flight or an aircraft a
cooling off period must be applied.
The cooling off period must last one and

a half times the aircraft’s time, but no
longer than the scheduled flying plus one
hour.
The cooling off period starts at the

aircraft’s time of departure, unless a
delay has been officially published that
might have impacted the handling of the
threat.
After the cooling off period the aircraft

must be searched
119
119
THREATS
Reporting
Staff should always report bomb threats to their manager and

not directly to the police.
120
120
THREATS
Suspicious behavior
It is important to observe own surroundings in order to prevent criminal activity.
Suspicious behaviour:
• Persons loitering near staff only areas

• Persons attempting to photograph or film security
areas
• Persons acting in a furtive or secretive manner
• Persons who spend unusually long periods of
time in the toilets.
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121
THREATS
Module review
It is a security risk until it has been

thoroughly checked out
How should a
The staff who received the threat will
green threat be decide what to do
handled?
No special measures are needed as the
object of the threat is unidentified
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122
THREATS
Module review
It is a security risk until it has been

thoroughly checked out
How should a
The staff who received the threat will
green threat be decide what to do
handled?
No special measures are needed as the
object of the threat is unidentified
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123
THREATS
Module review
Police
Whom should a
crew member
notify in case of a Their manager
bomb threat?
Security officers
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124
THREATS
Module review
Police
Whom should a
crew member
notify in case of a Their manager
bomb threat?
Security officers
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125
UNRULY & DISRUPTIVE PASSENGERS
CHAPTER 9
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126
Definitions
Airlines draw up security regulations to take care of
unruly and disruptive passengers.
An unruly passenger is someone who, by

action or stated intent, jeopardizes or might
jeopardize the safety and security of the
aircraft, persons or property therein or the
accepted level of good order and discipline
on board.
A disruptive passenger is someone who fails to

respect the rules of conduct at an airport or on board an
aircraft or to follow the instructions of the airport staff or
crew members and thereby disturbs the good order and
discipline at an airport or on board the aircraft."
127
127
Alcohol and drugs
A passenger who is so much under the influence of alcohol
or drugs that they can affect safety on board or disturb other
passengers must not be admitted by airline operators to
aircrafts.
The crew must avoid serving alcohol to a passenger who is
excessively under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Alcohol must not be served to persons under the age of 18.
Be attentive to early signs in an irritated passenger and try to
attend to the matter as soon as possible.
Airline operators must not tolerate unruly and disruptive
passengers and must do everything in their power to protect
other passengers and personnel from such persons.
Some airline operators have a system that includes the issuing of
warning tickets. The most common types are “commander’s
warning” and violation of nonsmoking policy.
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128
Tokyo Convention
The Tokyo Convention (1963), also known
as The Convention on Offences and Article 6 from the Tokyo Convention
Certain Other Acts Committed on Board
Aircraft, makes it unlawful to commit “Acts
which, whether or not they are offences
[against the penal law of a State], may or do
jeopardize the safety of the aircraft or of
persons or property therein or which
jeopardize good order and discipline on
board.”
129
129
Unruly
A person is regarded as unruly when

they:
• Repeatedly refuse to follow

instructions given by the crew or
ground staff with regards to security or
commercial issues.
• Behaves in a manner that causes a

nuisance to other passengers.
• Behaves in a manner that may or will

pose a threat to security on board.
130
130
Unruly
Examples of unruly passenger

behavior:
• They constantly refuse to follow

instructions.
• They refuse to comply with the
smoking regulations and smoke in the
lavatories or in the cabin.
• They use electronic devices, including
cell phones.
• They are under the influence of
alcohol.
• They are abusive to staff or
passengers verbally, physically or
sexually.
131
131
Restraining
If the commander considers the situation threatening to the crew, passengers

or the aircraft they may decide the passenger in question to be restrained or
handcuffed.
If the decision to be handcuffed is made a cabin crew

must be assigned to observe said passenger and, in
the event of an emergency, release them.
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132
Four levels of threat
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has defined a

four-tier threat level hierarchy. Although all National Aviation
Authorities (NAA) do not follow these specific definitions, they
provide valuable guidance to operators in determining the
seriousness of an unruly passenger incident and in developing their
policies on appropriate level of response.
The ICAO level of threat specifics are as follows:
• Level 1 — Disruptive behavior (verbal);

• Level 2 — Physically abusive behavior;
• Level 3 — Life-threatening behavior (or display of a weapon);
• Level 4 — Attempted or actual breach of the flight crew
compartment.
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133
Level 1
The passenger creates a disturbance or acts
aggressively but can be influenced to a degree. They
do not show consideration to other passengers or the
cabin crew. They do not comply with regulations that,
in their opinion, do not suit them.
They must be asked to follow regulations.

A verbal warning may be given during the flight.
If they follow the regulations after being warned by

personnel, no additional measures need to be taken.
134
134
Level 2
The passenger repeatedly refuses to follow
regulations. They are very demanding and aggressive.
It is difficult to make any impression on them or
reason with them.
Try to normalize the situation as quickly as possible.

The passenger should be drawn aside and informed, in a
calm and polite manner, that their behavior is
unacceptable and will not be tolerated.
They must be informed on what is expected of them for
them to continue their journey.
If the passenger complies with the regulations and is

allowed to board, the pursed and commander must be
informed of the incident.
135
135
Level 3
The passenger is threatening and very aggressive and
may become violent.
The commander or the purser must be informed

immediately.
All experience available must be used to normalize the
situation.
The passenger must not be allowed to board the aircraft.
If the incident happens on board the commander must use
their powers to disembark the passenger.
During flight, help might be required from other crew

members or passengers.
An intermediate landing should be considered.
136
136
Level 4
The passenger tries or manages to enter the flight
deck.
Any threat to enter the flight deck is very serious and shall
be considered as a method of gaining control of the
aircraft and use it as a mass destruction weapon.
Cabin crew shall in such cases act early and use all
resources available to prevent an assailant from gaining
access to the flight deck.
Help might be required from other crew members or

passengers.
An intermediate landing should be considered.

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137
Reporting
Should an incident involving an unruly passenger occur the

commander must write a report of the incident that must
include accounts and statements made by witnesses.
The police must receive a copy of the report.

All staff involved may have to give evidence.
The commander must report the incident to the airline operator.
The commander must ensure that their crew is fit for the flight.
After the flight, a debriefing session should be held with the entire
crew.
138
138
Assessment
The purser or the commander must Permission from the commander is

be consulted in the following required before:
cases:
• Disembarkation of a passenger
• Refusal to serve alcohol to a before take-off
passenger • Issuing a warning ticket to a
• Depriving a passenger of their passenger
private alcohol. • Restraining a passenger
139
139
Training
An airline operator must train their personnel regularly and

provide them adequate procedures for them to be able to handle
unruly and disruptive passengers.
140
140
Potentially disruptive passengers
A potentially disruptive passenger is:
• A deportee
• A person deemed to be inadmissible for immigration reasons
• A person in lawful custody
An air carrier shall be notified in writing in advance by the

competent authority of the plan to embark a potentially disruptive
passenger on board its aircraft.
141
141
INAD, DEPU/DEPA
INAD
A passenger who is denied entry to a country by the authorities

is termed an ‘inadmissible passenger’ or INAD.
DEPU/DEPA
A person who has been ordered to leave a country and can be either
accompanied, with an escort, or unaccompanied is termed as
‘deportee’.
An escorted deportee is denoted DEPA

An unescorted deportee is denoted DEPU.
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Module review
Must be near the event and coordinate

When dealing with the restraining process
a restraining
Must, if needed, help the cabin crew to
situation on restrain the person
board, the flight
crew Must not involve themselves directly in
the restraining process
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143
Module review
Must be near the event and coordinate

When dealing with the restraining process
a restraining
Must, if needed, help the cabin crew to
situation on restrain the person
board, the flight
crew Must not involve themselves directly in
the restraining process
144
144
Module review
Which convention Tokyo Convention

allowed the
commander to deny
access of an unruly The Convention on Offences
passenger on board
the aircraft? Chicago convention
145
145
Module review
Which convention Tokyo Convention

allowed the
commander to deny
access of an unruly The Convention on Offences
passenger on board
the aircraft? Chicago convention
146
146
SABOTAGE ONBOARD AN AIRCRAFT
CHAPTER 10
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147
Red threat
A red threat is the most serious

threat that can be directed at an
aircraft.
Even though the probability of finding

explosives on board is low it is very
important to land the plane as soon
as possible.
If this is not possible to land the following measures must be taken:
• To prevent the bomb from exploding due to reduced pressure in the cabin caused by the aircraft ascent the
pressured reduction in the cabin must be stopped. This can be achieved by remaining at the current
altitude and carry out the procedures outlined in the aircraft’s checklist.
• To reduce the effects of an explosion the difference of pressure between cabin and exterior must be
reduced to 1 pound per square inch. If the bomb explodes the shockwave will be directed outwards.
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148
Emergency landing
An emergency must be declared and a landing at the nearest

suitable airport should be considered.
Both civil and military airports may be used for landing.
When choosing a suitable airport, the following must be considered:

• Aircraft performance
• Airport approach aids
• Airport rescue equipment
The aircraft should be flown as close to standard procedure as possible.
The possible use of oxygen masks and smoke hoods should be considered.
The airline operator must be informed about the situation and be requested assistance.
The cabin crew must prepare for an emergency landing.

149
149
Seeking help
If a landing cannot be executed immediately the commander should

seek expert help.
For example, in UK, USA or Canada, experts are available all around
the clock.
Expert advice can also be requested from the military via the air
traffic controllers.
The commander may also ask among the passengers to find out if there are specialists on
explosives on board:
BD (Bomb Disposal)
EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal)
When making an announcement to passengers these abbreviations should be used in order

not to cause panic on board.
150
150
Finding a suspicious item
If a bomb threat occurs on board the aircraft and the commander

deems it suitable or it is requested by the ground a search of the aircraft
should be conducted as soon as possible.
The ‘Bomb search chart’ shall be used to locate the bomb.
If a suspicious item has been found on board do not try to lift or move it
before the following were considered:
• Commander was informed and gave permission to move the object.

• The item must be determined if it is removable.
• To do this it must be checked if it has an anti lift regulator.
• This can be done by sliding a thin, stiff object (e.g. safety card)
underneath the object.
• If it slides unobstructed the object can be lifted in its original
position and removed to a safer place.
151
151
Move passengers at least 4 rows away
Fasten seatbelt and no smoking signs must be lit.
Passengers must:
• Fasten their seatbelts
• Raise their seatbacks
152 • Fold the tables
152
Least risk bomb location
Move suspicious item to least risk bomb location
The location on the airplane an explosive or

incendiary device should be placed to minimize the
effects to the airplane in case of detonation
• Decide where to place the item and which crew shall remove it.
• Determinate how to transport the item to its position.
• Deactivate any, non-essential to aircraft functions, electrical equipment in the area where the object will be
placed.
• While moving the object must remain in its original position.
• The object must be moved slowly and carefully, avoiding sudden movements.
• The item must remain still during the flight.
• The object must not be opened.
153
153
Least risk bomb location
Airbus LRBL
Boeing LRBL
All aircraft manufactures must specify where, in an aircraft, an explosive

charge will cause the least amount of damage, if it explodes. This place
is usually in the rear left or right side but, depending on the aircraft size
and configuration, the manufactured decides where it should be.
154
154
Minimize the risk of sudden explosion
To minimize the risk of sudden

explosion the following procedure
must be followed:
1. Cover to object with plastic. This is

to protect it from becoming wet.
2. Then cover with wet pillows,
blankets or coats.
3. Fill up the area around the object
with materials that can absorb the
force of an explosion and wet
them too.
4. Use hard material from the floor up
to the object and soft material
above it
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155
If a suspicious object has been found on board an aircraft on

the ground:
• Inform air traffic control and the online operator about the
situation and request assistance.
• Taxi to the parking space designated by ground control.
• Passengers should receive information in such a way to avoid
causing panic on board.
• Passengers should be disembarked quickly and orderly.
• Slides may be used if no stairs are available.
• Passengers should move at least 200 meters away from the
156 aircraft.
156
Module review
After assessing whether it is removable

or not
When is a cabin
crew allowed to After reseating passengers and removing
move a suspicious emergency equipment
item?
After receiving approval from the
commander
157
157
Module review
After assessing whether it is removable

or not
When is a cabin
crew allowed to After reseating passengers and removing
move a suspicious emergency equipment
item?
After receiving approval from the
commander
158
158
Module review
Explosive Ordnance Disposal
What is an EOD? Explosive Outsource Disposal
Explosion Ordnance Disposal
159
159
Module review
Explosive Ordnance Disposal
What is an EOD? Explosive Outsource Disposal
Explosion Ordnance Disposal
160
160
HIJACKING ONBOARD AN AIRCRAFT
CHAPTER 11
161
161
Definition
"Aircraft hijacking" may be defined as any

unlawful seizure or unlawful exercise of control of
civil aircraft in flight with the intention of altering
its course to a different destination.
If an aircraft is subject to unlawful actions, air traffic control in the countries overflown
by the aircraft must collect all important data on the flight and send it to all affected air
traffic controls in charge.
The country in which the aircraft has landed must try to keep it on ground unless there
is danger to human life.
The aircraft may be allowed to leave, if human life is spared by such an action.
162
162
Hijacking on ground
If the aircraft is still on the ground when the pilots receive the
message that a hijacking may occur:
• They must ensure that the flight-deck doors are closed

• They must return to ramp
• They will coordinate measures to be taken with the
ground staff
• Shall not inform the passengers as it may trigger the
possible hijackers into action.
163
163
Hijacking confirmed
• The door of the flight-deck must be closed.
• The flight-deck must be defended in order to prevent unauthorized access.
• The fasten seatbelt sign should be on and passengers should be
instructed to remain fastened in their seats.
• Priority should be given to landing the aircraft on a convenient airport.
• All members of the cabin crew must watch

the passengers closely.
• Encourage the hijackers to make their
own decisions, to exhaust their energy,
an to avoid reprisals should suggestions
from the crew be viewed as tricks.
• Follow all instructions given by the hi-
jackers as long as it is possible without it
affecting the safety of the aircraft, crew
and passengers.
•164Do not offer resistance.
164
Communication with the hijackers
• Assess the operational and technical skills of the hijackers.
• Attribute any problems to circumstances outside the aircraft.
• Make clear to the hijackers that all the flight-deck and cabin crew are indispensable for the safe operation
of the aircraft.
• Encourage the hijackers to negotiate directly with the authorities.
The crew must not do any of the following:
• Pass on dangerous information.

• Negotiate.
• Argue with the hijackers.
• Discuss political, moral or ethical issues.
• Serve alcohol.
• Become mentally aligned with the hijackers.
• Create a decompression situation by reducing the pressure in the cabin in order to overcome the
hijackers.
• Carry out aggressive manoeuvres with the aircraft to overpower the hijackers.
• Fly over densely populated areas.
165
165
Special Liberation Teams
Specially trained task force will be deployed to

evacuate the aircraft.
• Seek protection as close to the floor as possible.

• Never reach for a weapon.
• Follow the orders of the task force.
• Help the task force identify the hijackers.
• Avoid making any statements to the press after the
hijacking has been terminated.
166
166
Module review
Flight-deck door must be closed

If a hijacking
Passengers must be informed
occurs:
Cabin crew must resist the hijackers
167
167
Module review
Flight-deck door must be closed

If a hijacking
Passengers must be informed
occurs:
Cabin crew must resist the hijackers
168
168
Module review
Encourage them to make their own

Which of the decisions
following should
not be done by Follow all instructions given by the hi-
the crew when jackers
dealing with
hijackers? Argue with the hijackers
169
169
Module review
Encourage them to make their own

Which of the decisions
following should
not be done by Follow all instructions given by the hi-
the crew when jackers
dealing with
hijackers? Argue with the hijackers
170
170
SECURITY SEARCH AND AIRBORNE PROCEDURE
CHAPTER 12
171
171
Preventative security measures
Several preventative security measures are a carried out as standard security procedures both by airports
and airlines in order to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference.
All personnel, passengers and load are subject to security controls before entering the aircraft.
172
172
Security search
Air carrier must always ensure aircraft security when their aircrafts are on the
ground.
• No aircraft will be permitted to fly unless it has been submitted to a security
search
• When originating or departing from a non-critical area
• If the aircraft was accessible out of a critical area and than placed in a critical
area
• When there is reason to believe that unauthorized persons had access.
A security search is an inspection of the interior of

an aircraft to which passengers may have had
access and an inspection of the hold for the purposes
of discovering suspicious objects, weapons,
explosives or other dangerous devices, articles and
substance.
173
173
Security search
Before each flight, a security search must be performed by the crew.
The crew may have a checklist to guide them through the search.
How to perform the aircraft security search:
• The examination of the areas shall be done by a hand search. A

visual check may be used as an alternative method for the
examination of those areas that are empty.
• During the examination of the areas in the cabin of the aircraft, no
passengers shall be on board, unless the aircraft is in transit.
• If the aircraft is in CSRA, the aircraft security search may be
performed while service providers are on board the aircraft
• If the aircraft is in another part other than a CSRA, the aircraft
security search may be performed while service providers are on
board the aircraft if they and their items are under supervision.
174
174
Security search
An aircraft security search shall include an

examination of the following areas:
• Overhead bins
• Cupboards and storage compartments,
including crew storage areas
• Toilet compartments
• Galley areas
• Seat pockets
• Areas under seats, between seats and
between the seat and the wall
• Flight deck
• Aircraft hold
• Items contained in the hold
• Aircraft service panels and service hatches
• Wheel wells
• 5-10% of the life jacket pouches.
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175
Extended security search
Extended security search is a measure to be taken when an aircraft has been subjected
to a sabotage/bomb threat on ground.
Extended security search may also be applied when there is reason to believe that
unauthorized persons have been on board the aircraft during a ground/ night stop. For
176 example, when security seals are found broken or tampered with.
176
Remote airfields
In the event aircraft are parked at remote

airfields where a proper level of security cannot
be guaranteed the following increases security
measures shall be considered:
• Hangar
• Well lit parking
• Security personnel
• The company supplies security seals to be used
when deemed necessary.
An aircraft security seal is a printed
foil made of two layers.
On return to the aircraft the commander or assigned
crew member shall closely inspect the aircraft and
ensure that aircraft security has not been
compromised.
If seals have been used, they shall be checked to

ensure that they are intact and untampered and
177
correspond to the numbers used.
177
Security seals
If a cabin door or latch is sealed and the aircraft

is left unattended, before accessing the aircraft,
the seal must be checked for manipulation.
If tampering is suspected a security search

before boarding or loading of baggage shall be
executed.
The seal number on the security seals must

correspond to the seal number on the security
plate, located in the flight deck.
178
178
Sterile aircraft
In order to keep the aircraft sterile after the Aircraft Security Search has been performed the cabin
crew shall ensure:
• That the aircraft entrances are guarded until boarding.

• That any staff entering the aircraft are under supervision while on board.
• During or after embarkation and disembarkation cabin crew shall remain vigilant for unauthorized
persons seeking to access the aircraft.
179
179
Flight deck door
All aircraft having a take off mass of 45 tones or more or approved

cabin configuration for carriage of more than 60 passengers must be
fitted with an approved flight deck door that can be locked and
unlocked from both pilot stations.
The doors construction must not represent a hinderance in an

emergency.
The door must be closed before the engines are started and kept
locked until the engines are turned off after landing.
Exceptions to these rules may be made when it is necessary for

authorized personnel to enter or leave the flight deck.
180
180
Module review
Commander must be informed

What happens if
a seals is missing
An extended security search must be
while performing performed
security search of
the aircraft: An extended security search is performed
if commander decides so
181
181
Module review
Commander must be informed

What happens if
a seals is missing
An extended security search must be
while performing performed
security search of
the aircraft: An extended security search is performed
if commander decides so
182
182
Module review
No
Can the flight
deck door be Yes, if the commander needs to assess
opened during the situation in the cabin
flight?
Yes, of one pilot needs to use the
lavatory
183
183
Module review
No
Can the flight
deck door be Yes, if the commander needs to assess
opened during the situation in the cabin
flight?
Yes, of one pilot needs to exit to use the
lavatory
184
184
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.
185

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2 Airport security I 8 Threats

3 Airport security II 9 Unruly & Disruptive Behavior

4 Airport security III 10 Sabotage on board an aircraft

5 Screening and security at

6 Liquid and Prohibited

All personnel who work in environment classified as a security risk to

An aviation security training programme addresses the operator’s procedures related to

The purpose of aviation security training is to help crew members:

1. Learn and be aware of civil aviation security threats.

Procedures Human Material

Each country has its own

The overall aim of such provisions is

Each country must establish equally

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

A Standard The Aviation

These Annexes A Recommended Annex 17 also

• The Chicago Convention (1944)

• International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO/INTERPOL)

•Universal Postal Union (UPU)

•International Air Transport Association (IATA)

•Airports Council International (ACI)

•International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations (IFALPA)

National Security Regulation

EASA-OPS (European Aviation Safety Agency – Operations)

ICAO Annex 17, “Unlawful Interference”

National Aviation Authorities are responsible for:

Civil Aviation Authorities are responsible authorities for:

Civil Aviation Authorities role is to:

Civil Aviation Authorities are responsible for a national security program to

National police boards are responsible for:

Each state shall superintend its governmental bodies,

• Airport • Air operator • Air traffic control • Shipping agent •

Must use a quality assurance system, which ensures that

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION

What does ICAO INTERNATIONAL CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION

What does ICAO

TO PROTECT PEOPLE FROM UNLAWFUL

When setting common standards for aviation

• Size of the aircraft

The appropriate authorities can also consider

Contents of an emergency plan:

• Type of emergency (e.g. aircraft incidents,

An emergency is declared in the following

• When serious damage can arise

SRA and CSRA shall include:

SRA can include:

In order to be granted access to security restricted areas a

Valid boarding card Valid airport Valid crew Valid national

Surveillance or patrols shall be undertaken in order to monitor the following:

The following areas must also be protected by

• Technical and maintenance areas

SECURE AND RESTRICTED AREA

SECURE AND RESTRICTED AREA

Which persons ONLY PASSENGERS

Which persons ONLY PASSENGERS

All personnel admitted to restricted areas must

This check cover at least the last 5 years.

The check must be repeated at regular

• Persons who have the right to enter security restricted