Getting Started with Imagery and Remote Sensing Band combinations and features in imagery 0:09 How do band combinations affect features and imagery? 0:13 Recall hatyou can visually discriminate features on the ground 0:16 by combining various multispectral bands into three display channels. 0:21 Thered display channel, 0:22 The green display channel, and the blue display channel 0:26 Atany given time, only three bands 0:28 canbe displayed through the three display channels. 0:31 This is what creates a three color band combination 0:35 The resulting image displays as natural color 0:38 because the red bands assigned tothe re display channel 0:41 the green bandis assigned to the green display channel 0:44 and the blue band is assigned to the blue display channel.113 117 119 1:22 127 1:32 134 1:36 143 Natural color is the most common band combination, and itis the defauk band combination in ArcGIS Pro. By right clicking each display channel in the contents pane, ‘you can review which band is displayed in the channel among the bands available. Bands will vary for different sensors. Although this image has eight bands, you are currently only visualizing the red green blue band combination, However, you can also visualize bands that fall outside the visible spectrum, making the invisible visible. In ArcGIS Pro you can quickly change band combinations. toa pres lected composite to highlight specific phenomena and imagery. Selecting imagery layer in the contents pane enables the context sensitive image layer appearance tab in the ribbon, Inthe rendering group, clicking the dropdown list displays common band combinations available to you based on the number of existing bands and the sensors metadata that is included with the imagery.1:46 1:47 151 2:03 2:04 2:08 Note that the descriptions indicate what is emphasized with each band combination. \When color infrared is selected, the bands assigned tothe three color channels are automaticaly akored As notedin the description, the color infrared band combination distinguishes between vegetation, urban areas, and water, To show more contrast in vegetation by pointing to each band combination you can see the bands that will be combined forthe three band composite Note the display channels forthe color infrared band combination, The near infrared band is assigned tothe red display channel ‘The red band is assigned to the green display channel and the green band is assigned to the blue display channel. ‘The greener or healthier the vegetation the stronger its reflectance in the near infrared portion ofthe electromagnetic spectrum. ‘And because the band is displayed inthe red channel, this characteristic appears in deeper red colors when rendered as a color infrared band combination,3:22 3:26 3:30 3:33 3:35 3:38 343 Switching to the land water interface band combination, you can again visualize how different band combinations can extract different information from the same data set. This time, a clear distinction is visible between water and land features. Now the vegetation appears muted, emphasizing a stark contrast of the river. lf you review the bands combined to create the three band combination, {you will see the two near-infrared bands in the red edge band. Allthe bands displayed in the channels fall outside the visible spectrum and are strongly reflected in vegetation. ‘This high reflection is causing the vegetation to appear bright, However, because the water is more absorbent of the infrared energy of these three bands, it appears darker. Using ArcGIS Pro, you can easily compare the same imagery with a variety of band combinations to extract insight into the imagery and the features on the ground. With the land water interface band combination you can determine the locations of sandbars and tributaries, because of the high contrast between land and water.4:04 407 409 4:14 427 4:30 4:35 4:40 4a 4:85 4a7 4:53 Land Water Interface does not highlight the vegetation growing on the sandbar in the same way thatthe color infrared does. However, when comparing the color infrared band combination, the emphasis of features on the ground s different. The use ofa particular band combination will vary depending on unique use cases and what is captured inthe imagery. For example, inthis dataset you will see an urban landscape visualized in natural color. In this image, there are only four bands, the three visible bands and a nearinfared band Therefore you have limited band combination options Because this imagery dataset captures the outskits of a metropolitan area you might be interested in using the land use band combination Land use is used to highlight vegetation from an urban landscape. Like the color infrared band combination, land use distinguishes vegetation, among other phenomena inthe landscape. In the fields, you can see subtledifferences between the two image band combinations. The color infrared band combination emphasizes more subtle vegetation features than the land use band combination. Often itis up to the analyst to determine what will work best In ArcGIS Pro, you are not limited +0 only the pre-selected band combinations. ‘You can interactively select bands to display in whichever color channel you desire, This can also be a way to better understand how features reflect, cor absorb energy in the individual bands and how they are impacted by different band combinations, ‘The next time you see natural colorimagery, ‘maybe you will think to yourself, What could Ibe missing? What can | discover today with my imagery?