Roll No:-115A1023

Experiment 10

Aim:-Understand the various input methods available for interaction – concept generation
report.

Input Devices:-
Input devices​ ​are hardware devices that allow data to be entered into a computer.
Input devices are part of the four main hardware components of a computer system. The Image
below shows where input devices fit into a computer system:

There are many different kinds of input devices. They are split into two categories

Manual Input devices:

Data is input into the computer by hand. Manual input devices require humans to do most of the
work needed to get data into the system. (eg.) Keyboard, Mouse, Tracker ball, Joystick, graphics
tablet, digital camera, Webcam, microphone, touch screen, chip and pin.

Direct Input devices (automatic input devices):​ Data is input into the computer directly by a
machine or device. Direct input devices do not require much human interaction to get their data
into a computer system. (eg.) Barcode scanner.

1 Microphone
A microphone can be used to input sound. The sound is detected by the microphone and an
electrical signal is transmitted to the computer. Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to
convert this analogue data into digital data so it
Computers have been programmed to do voice recognition. Voice recognition software enables
the computer to know who is talking but not what has been said. Voice Recognition can be used
like a fingerprint to identify a person.
Speech recognition is often used for voice command systems. For example to control a
computer, navigate telephone menus, etc. These require that the voice first be recognized. A
microphone is used to input the spoken words, which are then analysed by the program. The
sound is compared with other sounds stored in the computer, to find the matching word; this
match may be interpreted as a command. This is an unreliable process because a user can make
words sound different at different times, and different users will say the same words differently.
As a result, the software may have to be trained to recognize a particular user.

Uses of Microphone:-
1. Used to input sounds/speech for use in a range of applications. For example
• ​Narration​ in presentations or in web sites
• ​Voice-overs in movies
• ​Speaking over the internet using VoIP​(Voice over Internet Protocol)
• ​Conducting video conferencing

2. Used in speech recognition software. For example

• ​Converting speech into text​ for use in Word processors (useful for
people who do not have use of their hands)
3. ​Hands-free mobile phones​ use a microphone to allow people to hold conversations without
using their hands (this makes driving much safer). 4. Used in ​gaming​ (along with headphones),
so that gamers can talk to each other.

Advantages of Microphone:-
1. Faster to read in text than to type it in using a keyboard. 2. Microphones are very cheap to buy.
3. Makes driving safer because people do not need to take their hands off the
steering wheel in order to use their mobile phone.
Disadvantages of Microphone:-
1. Not accurate as using keyboard. 2. Microphone will only pick up sounds that are very close. 3.
Fairly fragile.

2.​Google Assistant
Google Assistant is an artificial intelligence-powered virtual assistant developed by Google that
is primarily available on mobile and smart home devices. Unlike the company's previous virtual
assistant, Google Now, Google Assistant can engage in two-way conversations.

Advantages:-
● ​Can cast video to your TV.​ The second biggest advantage the Google Home has is the

ability to cast video to your TV. Currently, you can cast video from YouTube. Support
for Netflix and other video services are expected to be added over time.
● ​Can identify different voices​: Initially, a missing feature, this ability ensures that
multiple people can get personalize results for GH.
 ● Can cast audio to multiple devices.​ Using Chromecast Audio, you stream music to one
​

or more sets of speakers in different rooms.

● ​Supports Google Play Music and YouTube Music.​ These services are not available

on Alexa devices.
● ​Pretty good sound quality considering its size.​ For casual music listening, I think
Google Home sounds good.

Disadvantages:-
● Features and firmware updates not available to all regions. One of the biggest complaints
we see from Google Home users is that features are not available to them. I hope this can
be addressed.
● GH doesn’t have as many skills as the Amazon Echo: While I’m happy about the skills
GH has acquired since its launch, it still trails the Amazon Echo in skill count. With that
said, more analysis is required to determine how big the actual gap is.
● GH also lags in third-party support when compared to Amazon Echo: As of this writing
(August 2017), Amazon Echo has more compatible smart home products and accessories
than the Google Home.
● Can’t read or send emails or messages. You’ll have to use your phone for that.
● Can only recite items in our main calendar. Home doesn’t support shared or secondary
calendars.

3.keyboard
The keyboard is the most common and widely used input device. It is made up of buttons called
'keys'.

The keys are arranged into sections:-

• Alphabet keys
• Function or F keys (F1, F2, F3)
• Numeric keys (one set above the alphabet keys and a numeric keypad on the
right)
• Arrow keys
• Command keys (insert, delete, home, end, page up/down)
Keyboards are used to input Text, numbers and instructions into the computer.
Most keyboards use a QWERTY key layout. This name comes from the first six letters on the
top row of the alphabet keys.
Special keyboards called “Ergonomic
keyboards” have built-in-hand-rest which
prevents health issues such as RSI (Repetitive
Strain Injury).Ergonomic keyboards have
natural shape to reduce stress on wrist and
hands.
A concept keyboard is a specialized keyboard Numeric keypads are used for entering numbers
into a computer system. Some numeric keypads allow you to enter simple text and symbols.
Numeric keypads are found in ATM (Automatic Teller Machines), telephones and chip and pin
device. Electronic point of sale (EPOS) terminals has numeric keypads in case the barcode
reader fails.
• Keyboards are used to enter text, numbers and instructions into applications like Word and
Excel.
• Keyboards can also be used to enter commands(keyboard shortcuts) into the
Computer.

Advantages of keyboards:-
1. Enable fast entry of data.
2. Most computers come with a keyboard supplied
3. People need very little training to use keyboard.

Disadvantages of keyboards​:-
1. Keyboards are large and can take up a lot of desk space.
2. Keyboards are not suitable for creating diagrams.
3. Excessive use can lead to health problems such as repetitive strain injury
(R.S.I.)
4. Entering data is slow compared to automatic methods. For example a
barcode scanner will input data into the computer almost instantly.

4.​Touch Screen Gestures

Touch screen is a screen display that responds and is sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus
and provides direct interaction with information. It is most widely used in automatic teller
machine (ATM), interactive displays in retails environment, GPS systems, computers, and
recently in mobile phones. Penetration of touch screen mobile phones has made a significant
jump especially after the introduction of Apple’s i-phone. Touch screens can be easy to use with
almost no training or less training if application is designed appropriately.

Use of ​Touch Screen Gestures:-

Function ​Gesture
Toggle magnification on and off 3 finger double tap
Increase magnification 2 finger stretch
Reduce magnification 2 finger pinch
Pan 1 finger swipe
Show or hide the Touch Bar 3 finger single tap
Announce text under finger 1 finger press and hold

Advantages:-
1. Touchscreen devices have limited buttons that will possibly break after 3 – 4 years
2. Touchscreen devices usually have more simple user interfaces Ex. Ipod Apps
3. Having less or not buttons means that you can put more effort into having a big screen
4. For the people worried about hygiene, most devices are easy to clean, some are even dirt,
dust and grease resistant
5. For people new or uncomfortable with normal desktops, touchscreens are easy to use
helping more people get used to using computers

Disadvantages:-
 1. The screen has to be big enough to be able to touch the buttons without missing
2. Having a big bright screen and needing massive computing power to run this means a
very low battery life
3. In direct sunlight it is much less efficient and most of the time very difficult to read the
screen
4. If a touchscreen device were to crash the whole screen would be unresponsive, and
because of the lack of buttons recovering it would be very difficult

Conclusion:​-Hence we successfully Understand the various input methods available for

interaction Concept generation report.