Lesson 4&5:

Building Blocks
of Life
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LESSON 4: ATOMS, BONDS and
z
COMPOUND
▪ A Compound-It’s a
substance of joining of
two or more different atom
through a Chemical bond
.
▪ Ex: Water, Carbon
dioxide, Sodium
Hydroxide, Sulfuric Acid
LESSON
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4: ATOMS, BONDS
AND COMPOUND
Chemical Bond
▪ A compound is formed when an unstable element
needs another element to be stable. The two
elements will be held together through a chemical
bond.

▪ The chemical bond can be either :

▪ Covalent Bond: Two or more element share

electrons to form molecules/compounds.
▪ The bond formed is very Strong Bond.

▪ Example: Water, H2O

LESSON 4: ATOMS, BONDS
z
AND COMPOUND
Chemical Bond
▪ A compound is formed when an unstable element
needs another element to be stable. The two
elements will be held together through a
chemical bond.

▪ The chemical bond can be either :

▪ Ionic Bond: Two or more element will either

donate or receive electrons.
▪ The bond formed is a very strong bond

▪ Example: Sodium Chloride, NaCl

LESSON 4: ATOMS, BONDS AND
COMPOUND
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpaHPXVR8WU
LESSON
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4: ATOMS, BONDS
AND COMPOUND
Chemical reaction

▪ A chemical reaction is the process

by which atoms or groups of atoms
in substances are reorganized into
different substances. Chemical reaction

▪ Chemical formulas describe the

substances in the reaction and
arrows indicate the process of
change. Physical reaction
LESSON 4: ATOMS, BONDS
z
AND COMPOUND
Chemical reaction
▪ Reactants are the starting substances, on the
left side of the arrow.
▪ Products are the substances formed during the
reaction, on the right side of the arrow.
LESSON 4: ATOMS, BONDS
z
AND COMPOUND

Chemical reaction
▪ Glucose and oxygen react to form
carbon dioxide and water.
Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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The Building Blocks of Life

Organic Chemistry
▪ The element carbon is a
component of almost all
biological molecules.
Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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The Building Blocks of Life

▪ Carbon has four electrons in its outermost energy level.

▪ One carbon atom can form four covalent bonds with

other atoms

▪ Carbon compounds can be in the shape of straight

chains, branched chains, and rings.
Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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The Building Blocks of Life

▪ Carbon atoms can be joined to form carbon molecules(molecules are
made of two or more atoms joined together. It can be same element or different element).

▪ Macromolecules are large molecules formed by

joining smaller organic molecules together. They are

composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
and phosphorous found in cells, food, etc.
▪ Polymers are macromolecules made from large

number of repeating units of monomers

Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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The Building Blocks of Life

▪ There are 4 important carbon-based molecule

that are part of what is called the building blocks of
life.
▪ Carbohydrate
▪ Lipids
▪ Protein
▪ Nucleic Acid
Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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The Building Blocks of Life:

1. Carbohydrate

▪ Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and

oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen
atoms for each carbon atom—(CH2O)n
Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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There are three categories of Facts: Where can

you get the
Carbohydrate carbohydrate from?
▪ Monosaccharides are single sugar • Rice
• Bread
molecules acts a building blocks. • Noodle
▪ Two monosaccharides joined • Cereal
• Plants based
together form a disaccharide. food
▪ Three or more monosaccharides
joined together are called
polysaccharides.
Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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The Building Blocks of Life:

2. Lipid
▪ Molecules made mostly of carbon
and hydrogen

▪ A triglyceride is a fat if it is solid at

room temperature and an oil if it is
liquid at room temperature.
Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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The Building Blocks of Life: Lipid

▪ Lipids that have tail chains with only
single bonds between the carbon
atoms are called saturated fats.

▪ Lipids that have at least one double

bond between carbon atoms in the tail
chain are called unsaturated fats.

▪ Fats with more than one double bond

in the tail are called polyunsaturated
fats.
Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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The Building Blocks of Life:

3. Proteins

▪ A compound made of small carbon

compounds called amino acids

▪ Amino acids are small compounds that

are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen,
hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

▪ Amino acids have a central carbon atom.

Lesson 5: CARBON CHEMISTRY
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The Building Blocks of Life:
4.Nucleic Acid

▪ Nucleic acids are complex

macromolecules that store and
transmit genetic information(DNA).

▪ Nucleic acids are made of

smaller repeating subunits called
nucleotides, composed of
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen,
phosphorus, and hydrogen
atoms.