IMMUNOSEROLOGY

IMMUNOLOGY by far, the most elaborate, dynamic, and effective defense

strategies are carried out by cells that have evolved
specialized abilities to recognize and eliminate potentially
injurious substances.

• Immunology consists of the following:

– molecules, cells, organs, and systems
• responsible for the
recognition and disposal of
foreign (nonself) material;
– how body components respond and
interact;
– the desirable and undesirable
consequences of immune interactions;
– the ways in which the immune system
can be advantageously manipulated to
protect against or treat disease.

Immunology encompasses different layers of defense,

including physical barriers like skin, protective chemical
substances in the blood and tissue fluids, and the
physiologic reactions of tissue to injury or infection. But

Transcribed by: Alanah J. I study to be a medtech in the future, but now my future is to be the patient
 PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ANEMIA

• Vaccination
– injecting cellular material
– treatment with a vaccine to produce
immunity against a disease;
inoculation.

IMMUNE SYSTEM

ATTENUATION
• Live attenuated vaccines contain whole bacteria
or viruses which have been “weakened”
(attenuated) so that they create a protective
immune response but do not cause disease in
healthy people.
– Ex. Rotavirus vaccine, Chickenpox
vaccine

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 ROLES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
✔ Defends the body against infections
✔ Recognizes and responds to foreign antigens
✔ Defends the body against the development of tumors
The desirable consequences of immunity
include:
✔ natural resistance
✔ recovery
✔ acquired resistance to infectious diseases
Undesirable consequences of immunity include:
⮚ Allergy
⮚ rejection of a transplanted organ
⮚ autoimmune disorder

Resistance to Microbial Diseases:

BODY DEFENSES
FIRST LINE DEFENSE
 Nonspecific  
o Body fluids
o Specialized cells
o Fluids
o resident bacteria (normal biota) SECOND LINE DEFENSE

Allow the respiratory, digestive, urogenital, • Natural immunity

integumentary, and other systems to defend the body – inborn or innate resistance
against microbial infection – one of the ways that the body resists
infection after microorganisms have
penetrated the first line of defense.
– characterized as a nonspecific
mechanism.
Second Line of Defense: Natural Immunity
Cellular
– Mast cells
– Neutrophils
– Macrophages
Humoral
– Complement
– Lysozyme
– Interferon

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 Third Line of Defense: Adaptive Immunity
✔ allows the body to recognize, remember, and
respond to a specific stimulus,
an antigen.
✔ result in the elimination of microorganisms and
recovery from disease and the host often
acquires a specific immunologic memory.

Transcribed by: Alanah J. No motivational quote for today, STUDY NOW! Lazy head!
I study to be a
medtech in the