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Math 10 - Q3 M12
Math 10 - Q3 M12
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 12
Union and Intersection
of Events
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Self-Learning Module 12: Union and Intersection of Events
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the
exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.
This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATION
PRETEST
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer before the number.
1. There are 8 chips numbered from 1 to 8 in a bag. A chip is drawn at random
from the bag. Let A be the event that the number is multiple of 4 and B be the
event that the number is even number. Find A B.
A) {2, 8} B). {4, 8} C) {6, 8} D) {8, 8}
4. A coin is tossed three times. Let H and T be the head and tail shown on the
side facing upwards respectively. The sample space S = {HHH, HHT, HTH,
THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}. Let A = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT} and B = {HHH,
HHT, THH, THT}. Which illustration shows C = A B?
A) C = {HHH, HHH} C) C = {HHH, HHT}
B) C = {HTH, THT} D. C = {HTT, THH}
5. The Venn diagram on the right shows the number of elements in set A and B.
If n(A B) = 20, n(A B) = 3, and n(B) = 12, find the values of x and y.
A) x = 9, y = 8 C. x = 17 y = 3
A B
B) x = 8, y = 9 D. x = 8, y = 1
x 3 y
RECAP
1.
2.
3. { }, or
B
4. A C
LESSON
1
A B C
2
6 3 5
4
In a die experiment, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 since the
die has six faces. The set of all possible outcomes in an experiment is called Sample
space denoted by S. Therefore, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
How many elements are there in set S? There are 6 elements in set S, this can
be written as n(S) = 6 which is called the cardinality of a set.
In the Venn diagram, there are three events A, B, and C. Each event consists
of elements. The elements of the three events including the elements outside the
events is a universal set. Universal set denoted by (U) is a set consisting of elements
in the totality of all sets under consideration, therefore U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
The elements 1, 3, and 5 are not in event A but it is in the universal set,
therefore they are the complement of event A denoted by A’ (read as A complement).
This can be written as A’ = {1, 3, 5}
What is A B?
Examples:
Solution:
A = {3, 6, 9}, B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
Solution:
a) Q T = {10}
b) Q T = {2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15}
3. The Venn diagram on the right shows the number of elements in set A and B.
If n(A B) = 25, n(A B) = 7, and n(B) = 10. Find the value of x and y
a) n(A)
Solution:
A B
a) n(B) = 10 n(A B) = x + 7 + y
n(B) = 7 + y 25 = x + 7 + y x 7 y
10 = 7 + y 25 = x + 7 + 3
y=3 25 = x + 10
x = 15
Therefore, x = 15 and y = 3.
ACTIVITIES
2. n(A B) = 25, A B
n(A B) = 5, and
n(A) = 20 x 5 y
3. n(A B) = 55, A B
n(A B) = 15, and
n(B) = 35 x 15 y
A B
4. n(A B) = 155,
n(A B) = 30, and x 30 y
n(A) = 105
5. n(A B) = 200, A B
n(A B) = 50, and
x 50 y
n(A) = 110
Remember that …
Universal set (U) is a set consisting of elements in the totality of all sets under
consideration.
The intersection of A and B
The intersection of events A and B is the set of all sample points in the
sample space that are in A and B. The intersection of events A and B is denoted as
A B. In other words, A B is the event that both events A and B occur.
A B
A B = { x|x A and x B}
Union of A and B
The union of events A and B is the set of all sample points in the sample
space that are in A or B or both. The union of events A and B is denoted as A B.
In other words, A B is the event that either event A or event B occurs, or both
events occur.
A B
A B = { x|x A or x B}
VALUING
1. What are the common problems encountered during the quarantine period?
2. What are your reactions regarding the fake news that flooded in social media
during the quarantine period?
POSTTEST
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
3. A die is thrown once and the number obtained is recorded. The sample space
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Let A = {2, 4, 6}, B = {3, 5}. Which of the following
illustrations show C = A’ B’?
A) {} B) {1} C) {3} D) {5}
4. A coin is tossed three times. Let H and T be the head and tail shown on the
side facing upwards respectively. The sample space S = {HHH, HHT, HTH,
THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}. Let A = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, TTT} and B = {HHH,
HHT, THH, THT, TTT}. Which illustration shows C = A B?
A) C = {HHH, HHH, THT} C) C = {HHH, HHT, TTH}
B) C = {HHH, HHT, TTT} D. C = {HTT, THH, TTH}
5. The Venn diagram on the right shows the number of elements in set A and B.
If n(A B) = 35, n(A B) = 7, and n(B) = 19, find the values of x and y.
A) x = 7, y = 28 C. x = 16, y = 12
A B
B) x = 16, y = 19 D. x = 17, y = 18
x 7 y
KEY TO CORRECTION
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C
Posttest
5. C’ (A B) = {A}
4. A B B’ = {33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39}
3. C B’ ={HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, TTH, TTT}
2. A B = {12, 14, 15}
1. 11, students have none of these pets
Activity 3: Test Yourself
5. x = 6 ; 90
4. x = 75 ; y = 50
3. x = 20 ; y = 20
2. x = 15 ; y = 5
1. x = 7 ; y = 10
Activity 2: Keep Practicing
5. {1, 6}
4. {1, 2, 4, 5, 7}
3. {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
2. {}
1. {2, 4, 5, 6}
Activity 1: Let’s Practice
diagram
4. Venn 1. Union 2. Intersection 3. Empty Set
Recap:
A. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B
Pretest
References
Callanta, Melvin, Canonigo, Allan, Chua, Arnaldo, Cruz, Jerry, Esparrago, Mirla,
Garcia, Elino, Magnaye, Aries, Orines, Fernando, Perez, Rowena, and
Concepcion Ternida. Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s. Pasig: Department of
Education, 2015.
Chu, Tom. Mathematics for the 21st Century Learner 10. Makati: Diwa Learning
System Inc., 2015
Chua, Simon, Sy Tan, Josephine, Ubarro, Arvie, Cayetano, Ma. Remedios, and
Renato Guerro. Soaring 21st Century Mathematics 10. Quezon: Phoenix
Publishing House, 2015.
Oronce, Orlando, and Marilyn Mendoza. E-Math 7 Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.,
2015.