Ac DC Lec Transformer PDF

Name: ALVARADO, JHARIEMAE V.
Subject: ME2E AC DC Machinery

Course – Year / Section: BSME – 4TH / ME4-1 Time – Day / Room: 10AM-1PM – TTH / D-401
1. The number of turns on the primary and secondary windings of a 1-f

transformer are 350 and 35 respectively. If the primary is connected to a 2.2
kV, 50-Hz supply, determine the secondary voltage on no-load. [220 V]
GIVEN:
N1 = 350 turns E1 = 2.2 kV / 2200 V
N2 = 35 turns E2 = ?
f = 50 Hz
SOLUTION:
𝑁 35 1
𝐾= 1= =
𝑁2 350 10
𝐸1
𝐾= ; 𝐸2 = 𝐸1 𝐾
𝐸2
1
𝐸2 = 2200 𝑉( )
10
𝐸2 = 220 𝑉
2. A 3000/200-V, 50-Hz, 1-phase transformer is built on a core having an

effective cross-sectional area of 150 cm2 and has 80 turns in the low-
voltage winding. Calculate
(a) the value of the maximum flux density in the core
(b) the number of turns in the high-voltage winding.
[(a) 0.75 Wb/m2 (b) 1200]
GIVEN:
E1 = 3000 V a = 150 cm2
E2 = 200 V Bmax = ?
N2 = 80 turns N1 = ?
f = 50 Hz
SOLUTION:
𝐸2 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓 𝑁2
200 𝑉 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 (50 𝐻𝑧)(80)
∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0112 𝑊𝑏
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∅𝑚𝑎𝑥
a. 𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑎
0.0112 𝑊𝑏
𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
150 𝑐𝑚2
𝑊𝑏
𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.000075
𝑐𝑚2
𝑊𝑏
𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75
𝑚2
𝐸1
b. 𝑁1 = 𝑥𝑁2
𝐸2
3000 𝑉
𝑁1 = (80)
200 𝑉
𝑁1 = 1200 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠
3. A 3,300/230-V, 50-Hz, 1-phase transformer is to be worked at a maximum

flux density of 1.2 Wb/m2 in the core. The effective cross-sectional area of
the transformer core is 150 cm2. Calculate suitable values of primary and
secondary turns. [830; 58]
GIVEN:
E1 = 3300 V a = 150 cm2 / 1.5 m2
E2 = 230 V N1 = ?
f = 50 Hz N2 = ?
Bmax = 1.2 Wb/m2
SOLUTION:
∅
• 𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑎
𝑊𝑏 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥
1.2 2 =
𝑚 1.5 𝑚2
∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.8 𝑊𝑏
• 𝐸1 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓 𝑁1
3300 𝑉 = 4.44 (1.8) (50 𝐻𝑧 𝑥 10−3 )(𝑁1 )
𝑁1 = 825.83 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠
• 𝐸2 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓 𝑁2
230 𝑉 = 4.44 (1.8) (50 𝐻𝑧 𝑥 10−3 )(𝑁2 )
𝑁2 = 57.56 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠
4. A 40-kVA, 3,300/240-V, 50 Hz, 1-phase transformer has 660 turns on the

primary. Determine
(a) the number of turns on the secondary
(b) the maximum value of flux in the core
(c) the approximate value of primary and secondary full-load currents.
Internal drops in the windings are to be ignored.
[(a) 48 (b) 22.5 mWb (c) 12.1 A; 166.7 A]
GIVEN:
V1 = 3300 V N2 = ?
V2 = 240 V ∅max = ?
f = 50 Hz Ip = ?
VA = 40 Kva Is =?
N1 = 660 turns
SOLUTION:
𝑁1 𝑉1
a. =
𝑁2 𝑉2
660 3300
=
𝑁2 240
b. 𝐸2 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓 𝑁2
240 𝑉 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 (50 𝐻𝑧)(48)
∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 22.5 𝑚𝑊𝑏
𝑉𝐴
c. 𝐼𝑝 =
𝑉1
40 𝑥 103
𝐼𝑝 =
3300
𝐼𝑝 = 12.1 𝐴
𝑉𝐴
𝐼𝑝 =
𝑉2
40 𝑥 103
𝐼𝑝 =
240
𝐼𝑝 = 166.7 𝐴
5. A double-wound, 1-phase transformer is required to step down from 1900 V

to 240 V, 50-Hz. It is to have 1.5 V per turn. Calculate the required number
of turns on the primary and secondary windings respectively.
The peak value of flux density is required to be not more than 1.2 Wb/m2.
Calculate the required cross-sectional area of the steel core. If the output
is 10 kVA, calculate the secondary current.
[1,267; 160; 56.4 cm2; 41.75 A]
GIVEN:
6. The no-load voltage ratio in a 1-phase, 50-Hz, core-type transformer is
1,200/440. Find the number of turns in each winding if the maximum flux is
to be 0.075 Wb. [24 and 74 turns]
GIVEN:
E1 = 1200 V ∅max = 0.075 Wb
E2 = 440 V N1 = ?
f = 50 Hz N2 = ?
SOLUTION:
• 𝐸1 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓 𝑁1
1200 𝑉 = 4.44 (0.075)(50 𝐻𝑧)(𝑁1 )
• 𝐸2 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓 𝑁2
440 𝑉 = 4.44 (0.075)(50 𝐻𝑧)(𝑁2 )
7. A 1-phase transformer has 500 primary and 1200 secondary turns. The net
cross-sectional area of the core is 75 cm2. If the primary winding be
connected to a 400-V, 50 Hz supply, calculate.
(i) the peak value of flux density in the core and (ii) voltage induced in the
secondary winding. [0.48 Wb/m2; 60 V]
GIVEN:
N1 = 500 turns a = 75 cm2
N2 = 1200 turns Bmax = ?
f = 50 Hz V2 = ?
V1 = 400 V
SOLUTION:
𝑉1
i. 𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
4.44 𝑓 𝑁1 𝑎
400 𝑉
𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
4.44 (50𝑥10−2 ) (1200) (0.75)
𝑊𝑏
𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.48
𝑚2
𝑁1 𝑉1
ii. =
𝑁2 𝑉2
500 400 𝑉
=
1200 𝑉2
𝑉2 = 960 𝑉
8. A 10-kVA, 1-phase transformer has a turn ratio of 300/23. The primary is

connected to a 1500-V, 60 Hz supply. Find the secondary volts on open-
circuit and the approximate values of the currents in the two windings on
full-load. Find also the maximum value of the flux.
[115 V; 6.67 A; 87 A; 11.75 mWb]
GIVEN:
9. A 100-kVA, 3300/400-V, 50 Hz, 1 phase transformer has 110 turns on the
secondary. Calculate the approximate values of the primary and
secondary full-load currents, the maximum value of flux in the core and the
number of primary turns. [30.3 A; 250 A; 16.4 mWb; 907]
GIVEN:
VA = 100 kVA Ip = ?
V1 = 3300 V Is = ?
V2 = 400 V ∅max = ?
f = 50 Hz N1 = ?
N2 = 110 turns
SOLUTION:
𝑉𝐴
• 𝐼𝑝 =
𝑉1
100 𝑥 103
𝐼𝑝 =
3300 𝑉
𝐼𝑝 = 30.3 𝐴
𝑉𝐴
• 𝐼𝑠 =
𝑉2
100 𝑥 103
𝐼𝑠 =
400 𝑉
𝐼𝑠 = 250 𝐴
𝑉1 𝑁1
• =
𝑉2 𝑁2
3300 𝑁1
=
400 110
10. The no-load current of a transformer is 5.0 A at 0.3 power factor when
supplied at 230-V, 50-Hz. The number of turns on the primary winding is 200.
Calculate (i) the maximum value of flux in the core (ii) the core loss (iii) the
magnetising current. [5.18 mWb; 345 W; 4.77 A]
GIVEN:
Io = 5.0 A f = 50 Hz Im = ?
cos∅o = 0.3 N1 = 200 turns Ic = ?
∅o = cos-1(0.3) = 72.54o ∅max = ?
V = 230 V
SOLUTION:
i. 𝐸1 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓 𝑁1
230 𝑉 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 (50𝑥10−3 )(200)
ii. 𝐼𝑚 = 𝐼𝑜 sin(𝜃𝑜 )
𝐼𝑚 = 5.0 sin(72.54°)
𝐼𝑚 = 4.77 𝐴
iii. 𝐼𝑐 = 𝐼𝑜 cos(𝜃𝑜 )
𝐼𝑐 = 5.0 cos(72.54°)
𝐼𝑐 = 1.5002 𝐴
𝑊 = 𝐼𝑐 𝑉
𝑊 = (1.5002 𝐴)(230 𝑉)
𝑊 = 345 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
11. The no-load current of a transformer is 15 at a power factor of 0.2 when

connected to a 460-V, 50-Hz supply. If the primary winding has 550 turns,
calculate:
(a) the magnetising component of no-load current
(b) the iron loss
(c) the maximum value of the flux in the core.
[(a) 14.7 A (b) 1,380 W (c) 3.77 mWb]
GIVEN:
Io = 15 A N1 = 550 turns
cos∅o = 0.2 Im = ?
∅o = cos-1(0.2) = 78.46o Ic = ?
V = 460 V ∅max = ?
f = 50 Hz
SOLUTION:
a. 𝐼𝑚 = 𝐼𝑜 sin(𝜃𝑜 )
𝐼𝑚 = 15 sin(78.46°)
𝐼𝑚 = 14.7 𝐴
b. 𝐼𝑐 = 𝐼𝑜 cos(𝜃𝑜 )
𝐼𝑐 = 15 cos(78.46°)
𝐼𝑐 = 3 𝐴
𝑊 = 𝐼𝑐 𝑉
𝑊 = (3 𝐴)(460 𝑉)
𝑊 = 1380 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
c. 𝐸1 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑓 𝑁1
230 𝑉 = 4.44 ∅𝑚𝑎𝑥 (50𝑥10−3 )(550)
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Name: ALVARADO, JHARIEMAE V.

Subject: ME2E AC DC Machinery

1. The number of turns on the primary and secondary windings of a 1-f

2. A 3000/200-V, 50-Hz, 1-phase transformer is built on a core having an

3. A 3,300/230-V, 50-Hz, 1-phase transformer is to be worked at a maximum

4. A 40-kVA, 3,300/240-V, 50 Hz, 1-phase transformer has 660 turns on the

5. A double-wound, 1-phase transformer is required to step down from 1900 V

8. A 10-kVA, 1-phase transformer has a turn ratio of 300/23. The primary is

11. The no-load current of a transformer is 15 at a power factor of 0.2 when

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