AIRCRAFT GENERAL

C208-B Grand Caravan G1000 675 SHP

C208-B Grand Caravan EX G1000 867 SHP
Flight Controls: (It is not or substitutes any authorized manual)

Structure: Semi-Monocoque, all in metal, high wing.

Wings: 3 brace points, integral Fuel Tanks (Wet wing)
Ailerons: Trimable servo tab attached to right aileron provides aileron trim
Elevator: 2 trim tab (Landing without Elevator control; 500 fpm descendent, 20°flap and 85 KIAS)
Rudder: Steering bungee
Spoilers: Improve lateral control at low speeds
Start to work at 5° aileron up deflection
Flaps: Large span, single slot type, driven by electrical motor
Standby Flap motor disables the primary flap motor
Exhaust: 1 exhaust, 2 pipes
Stall Warning: Vane type on the leading edge of left wing
Sounds 5-10 knots above stall
Max tail wind: 10 knots, max demonstrated crosswind: 20 knots
Vortex generators: 18 on each elevator (one missing is a “No Go” ITEM)
Statics Wicks: 22 (tail cone, wings, elevator or vertical stabilizer’s tips static wick missing=No Go)
Landing Gear: Tricycle type with steerable nose gear and 2 main wheels.
Max landing ground speed 105 Kts or 120 Mph
Ground Control: max of turning exceeded: 15° without brakes
51.5° with brakes (Do not exceed when towed)
Brakes: Single disc, hydraulically actuated ( Max Tow Weight .… 8785)
Cargo Pod: Nomex, Kevlar and Fiberglass
Volume: 111.5 cubic feet
Max Load: 30 lbs sq feet
Total Weight: 1090 lbs A 230 B 310 C 270 D 280 = TOTAL 1090. ( Zone 6 = 320 lbs cargo or 180 lbs baggage)

POWERPLANT
Engine: PT6A-114A, Free Turbine, flat rated 675 SHP (25% air for power, 75% air for cooling)
Pratt Whitney Canada, INC, PT = Propeller Turbine , 6A=Free Turbine, 114 = Model, A = 2 stages planetary
reduction gear.
EX: PT6A-140 = 867 SHP, flat rated, free turbine. SHP = Propeller Rpm x Torque
5252
Two independent Turbines:
Compressor Turbine: Gas Generator Turbine (drives Compressor and Accessory Gearbox)
(37.500 RPM – 100% Ng, 38.100 RPM – 101.6% Ng Max permissible, 102.6 Transient)
(37.468 RPM – 100% Ng for Ex, 103.7% Ng Max permissible, 105.4 Transient)
Power Turbine: Propeller Turbine (drives the Reduction Gearbox)
( 33.000 RPM reduced to 1900 RPM by the Reduction Gearbox)
Compression ratio: 7.0 - 1
Reverse flow Combustion Chamber, 2 igniters, 14 fuel nozzles (10 primary, 4 secondary for 675), Ex has 14
dual fuel nozzles.
7 Major Components Air Inlet (Four air flow 180° within the engine)
Compressor Turbine (4 stages: 3 axial, 1 centrifugal to increase air velocity)
Combustion Chamber (2 igniters and 14 fuel nozzles)
Power Turbine
Exhaust Outlet
Reduction Gear box (1 chip detector) (2 stages planetary reduction gearbox)
Accessory Gear box, drives all except: propeller governor, propeller overspeed governor and propeller-
tachometer generator (1 chip detector, small magnet, detects Fe chips in oil flow)

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Propeller: Mc Cauley (Hartzell p EX) Constant speed, full-feathering, reversible, hydraulically-actuated, aluminum 3 bladed propeller.
Propeller Diameter: Min 104¨ - Max 106¨. ( HM and HL: Mc Cauley, Min 100¨ - Max 102¨, 4 bladed propeller)
Blade angles (at 30 inch station): 675 EX
Feather: 88°( when Oil press drops to 15 psi or less) 78°
Low Pitch: 15.6° 8,5°
Max Reverse: -14° -21°
Propeller Governor modes: Under – speed
On-speed
Over-speed
Feather
Beta Range
Governors: 1) – Ng Governor…………………………………………….Gas Generator Turbine
(Prevents Compressor Underspeed and Overspeed)
2) – Propeller Governor………………………………….. Reduction Gearbox 1900 rpm
3) – Propeller Overspeed Governor………………… Reduction Gearbox 2014 rpm
Check pressing the over speed governor switch and advance power until stabilizes prop rpm.
*(Overspeed Governor Test:1750 ± 60 RPM)

Engine Lubrication System: 3 oil pumps ( 1 pressure pump, 2 scavenge pumps (internal and external))
Component Location
Integral Oil Tank at the back of the engine
Oil Pressure Pump at the bottom of the Oil Tank
Internal double-element Scavenge Pump inside the Accessory Gear box
External double-element Scavenge Pump at the back of accessory Case
Oil – to – fuel Heater top rear of the Accesory Case
Oil filter inside the Oil Tank
Oil Cooler right side of the Nose Cowling
Total System Capacity: 14 U.S. quarts
Oil Tank Capacity: 9.5 U.S. quarts
Limitation: fill to max if cold or within 1 1\2 quarts if hot
Engine Indicators:
INDICATOR UNITS OF MESSURE TYPE UBICATION
Propeller RPM Electric (autonomous: Propeller Tachometer Right side of the Reduction Gearbox
Generator)
Ng %RPM Electric (autonomous: Gas generator Accesory Gearbox
Tachometer Generator)
ITT °C Electric Between Compressor and Power Turbines (T6)
Oil Temp °C Electric Operated by an electrical resistance Temp sensor
Fuel Flow (Jet A) Lbs\hour Electric Downstream of the FCU before being routed into the Flow
Divider
Fuel Quantity Lbs & gals Electric Fuel Tanks (2 in each tank)
Torque Ft-Lb Pressure-actuated Difference between Engine Torque Pressure and the
pressure in the engine case
Oil Press Psi Pressure A transducer senses oil pressure from the Accesory Case

Position Levers:
Emer power Lever Power Lever Propeller RPM Lever Fuel Condition Lever
Max Max Max High idle (65% Ng)
Idle Idle Min Low idle (52% Ng, 55% EX)
Normal Beta (controls Prop. Pitch) Feather Cutoff
If not in normal during Reverse (1 min)
stars: Cas Emer Pwr LVR

Engine Fire Detection System: one wire loop system: 425°F Firewall
(Engine Fire CAS Message) 450°F Rear engine compartment
Fire wall resists 2000°F for 20 min 625°F Around the exhaust

FUEL SYSTEM (JET A1)

Total Fuel: 335.6 gal both tanks (2250 lbs) (167.8 gal each tank) (6.7 lbs x gal )
Usable Fuel: 332 gal both tanks (2224 lbs) (165 gal each tank)
Unusable Fuel: 3.6 gal both tanks (2.8 gal each tank)
(red line: minimum (E) 2.5 gal ≠ fuel low 25 gal)
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 Range (POH): c/2224 lbs at 10.000 ft max cruise = 907 NM or 5.1 h.
Fuel consumption 350 lbs/h(675), 375 lbs/h (EX). Real± 380 lbs/h
Fuel Pumps: Main Ejector Pump (Fuel motive flow)…. 10 psi (located in Fuel Reservoir)
Aux Fuel Pump (Electrical) (located in Fuel Reservoir)
(Starts automatically when fuel pressure drops to 4.75 (2.5 EX) psi with “Fuel Boost”
switch in NORMAL position. Must be ON for starts)
“FUEL PRESS LOW” CAS Message illuminates when fuel press drops to 4.75(2.5EX) psi
Engine-driven Fuel Pump………….……..around 900 psi (located in the Accessory Gearbox)
Blue dye leaking from FCU, its source in the junction of Ng Governor and Engine Driven
Fuel Pump, an impending failure in the Ng Governor is indicated, eminent Run Away Ng
CAS MESSAGES:
“RESERVOIR FUEL LOW” illuminates when Reservoir is ½ full. Max Cont. Power…. 90 sec
Reservoir capacity: 24 lbs (3.5Gl) Cruise Power ……….. 3 min

“L-R FUEL LOW” illuminates when the respective wing Tank has 25 gallons or less of usable fuel.
Max unbalance fuel 200 lbs
Max side slip 3 min
Fuel Nozzles: 675 = 10 primary, 4 Secondary (start at 36% Ng. if not →Hung Start)
867 = 14 dual.

10 Fuel drainers: 3 each Tank

1 EPA Can: Is recommended to drain every 6 shutdowns (at the bottom of
the engine cowling, left side). EX=Ecology Tank (No drain)
1 Fuel Filter (at the bottom of the engine cowling, left side)
1 Fuel Reservoir (left side of Cargo Pod)
1 Fuel Line (at the bottom of the engine cowling, right side)

4 Shutoff Valves: 2 in each Tank, controlled by “Fuel Selector Valves”

Fuel Quantity Transmitters: Total of 4 (2 in each Tank)

Fuel Tank Selector Warning System:

2 Horns 1 Horn
-Starting with one Fuel Selector OFF -Both Fuel Selector OFF (“Battery ON)
-Annunciator Panel Test -One Selector Valve close and the other
tank with less than 25 gal

Electrical System
The airplane is equipped with a 28-volt and 200 amp (300 EX), direct current electrical system. Most of the electrical circuits are
protected by “pull-off” type circuit breakers, if any CB trips, it may be reset (push in) after allowing it to cool for approximately 3
minutes. (Do not reset avionics buses (30amp), or fuel quantity CB)
Primary Source Battery (lead Acid): 24 Volt 40 Amp
Main Source Starter – Generator: 28 Volt 200 Amp (300 en EX)
Standby Power: 27 Volt 75 Amp
External Power Unit: 24-28 V 800-1700 Amp
External Battery: 40 Volt 130 Amp
Electrical System Bars
1 Power Distribution Bus Bar
2 General Bus Bars
2 avionics Bus Bars
1 Standby Bus Bar
1 Battery Bus Bar energizes: -Battery Switch
7 bus bars total -Clock and Hourmeter
-Cabin Lights
-Keep alive (Avionics Freqs memory, standby Alt. and Cabin Lights)
-Anticycle Switch (GCU)
-ELT
-ETM

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 1) Battery: Valve regulated, sealed, Lead Acid, Non-Spillable
24 Volt Nominal
40 Amp/hour Negative Bat Amps display indicates battery discharge
Battery absorbs voltage spikes, never turn-off during normal operation
Battery Voltage required to Start: Battery starts: Battery 24 Volt min
External Power Starts: Battery 20 Volt min
2) Starter- Generator:
-Below 46% Ng → Starter
-Above 46% Ng → Generator ( if Starter Switch is in OFF position and Ng at 52% and up)
The unit has a speed sensor for Overspeed protection and automatic starter shutoff at 46% Ng
Two cooling ways: blast tube and integral fan.
3) Stand by Power Unit: Provides 75 amp from MSL to 21000 ft, reduce 5 amp x e/1000 ft above 21000 ft
-Belt driven, starts automatically when system voltage drops to 27.5 Volt ( STBY Power Switch ON )
In case of primary System fault (Starter – Gen), turn “Avionics STBY Power” and “Avionics Bus Tie”
switches ON, then first avionics switches must be change to OFF position.
4) Generator Control Unit (GCU)
-Voltage regulation and protection from High Voltage and Reverse Current
-Illuminates “GENERATOR OFF” CAS Message
-Automatic starter cutoff at 46% Ng
5) Ground Service Plug Receptacle:
-Incorporates Polarity Reversal and Overvoltage Protection
-Prevents External Power and Battery to be connected together during starts
6) Ground Power Monitor:
-Closes external power contactor when applied voltage is within proper limits (24-28 Volt, 800-1700 Amps)
VOLTAGE LOW CAS Message when bus voltage drops to 24.5 (24EX) Volt or High Voltage at 32.0v.
GENERATOR AMPS CAS Message en el EIS: GEN offline if: AMP - 10 + 200
SBY offline if: AMP - 10 + 75

MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS

Reference Datum: located 100 inches forward of front face of firewall

Wing Loading: 31.3 Lbs / Sq.Ft Power Loading: 13.0 Lbs/ Shp

Category: NORMAL (-1.52 to 3.8g) includes any maneuvers incidental to normal flying, Stalls ( except whip stalls), Lazy eights,
Chandelles, and Turns up to 60° angle of bank. Aerobatic maneuvers including spins are not approved.
Purpose: General-Utility

P3 Bleed Air is used to: -Power Lever shaft

(Reg pressure: 18 psi) -Vacuum System (standby Attitude Ind.) when a possible low vacuum
conditions exists, a red flag appears on the standby Attitude Indicator.
-Ng Governor
-Heating System (Hot air from Compressor pass through P3 valve to mix muffler
and then to the outlets)
P3 Failure: How to identify: No Power Lever answer
Ng about 48%
ITT 500° - 600° C

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 LIMITATIONS
Engine Starting Cycle limits : (timers start at “STARTER ON” CAS Message)

Using the airplane Battery: Using External Power:

30 sec ON- 60 sec OFF 20 sec ON-120 sec OFF
30 sec ON- 60 sec OFF 20 sec ON-120 sec OFF
30 sec ON- 30 min OFF 20 sec ON-60 min OFF

Landing Gear (tires) ground speed Limitation: (marked on tires): 120 MPH or 105 Knots

Maximum Operating Altitude Limits: Non-icing condition 25,000Ft

Icing condition(or any ice on the airplane) 20,000Ft
Flap Limitations: Approved Takeoff Range 0° to 20°
Approved Landing Range: 0° to 30° (Ice cond 0° to 20°)
Vfe Speed Limit (no Vfo)
UP to 10° 175 KIAS
10° to 20° 150 KIAS (up to app EX)
20° to FULL 125 KIAS (app to land EX)

Speed in Kts: Vso 50, Vs1 63, Vr 83, Vx 72, Vy 104 (108 EX ), max window open and Vmo 175.
(T-off Roll: 1365ft (414m), to 50ft: 2424ft. Landing Roll: 950ft (288m) , from 50 ft: 1795)

Weight Va Kias Glide Kias(rest 8) Landing no engine pwr Flaps up 100 Kias
8750 143 95 Flaps down 80 Kias
7500 137 87 Normal/
6250 125 79 Cruise Climb 110 - 120
5000 112 71 App no Flaps 100 - 115
Glide ±2NM x C/1000ft App full Flaps 75 - 85
Fuel flow starting; zero pph(fuel cond lever in cut off) Rotate 70 - 75
Fuel flow starting 90 a 140 pph (fuel cond lever in low idle) Climb 85 - 95

Weight Limits lbs Normal APE II y III

Max Ramp 8785(max towed) 9097 OAT Limits
Max T-off 8750 9062 Cold day -54c Sea level to 25000 ft
Max Landing 8500 9000 Hot day
SEW 5250 5250 *Ground opp +53(+42 EX) Sea level to 5000ft, ISA+37 p más 5000ft
*Flight opp ISA +35 (+37EX) Sea level to 25000 ft
Heading Miscompare ≥ 6⁰
Altitud Miscompare ≥200 ft
Airspeed Miscompare ≥7 kias (10 kias in t-off or landing)

Ng% 102.6 Max transient (105.4 EX)

101.6 Max Norm Opp (103.7 EX)
92 Close bleed valve
86 Open bleed valve
72 Min Ng oil press green arc
66 Min 200 amp Generator
65 Min to maintain flight (High Idle)
54 Min to air conditioning (55 EX)
52 Low Idle (55EX)
48 Pneumatic fault P3
46 Starter off
36 4 secondary fuel nozzles enter, if not, hung start/ 10s
15 a 19 ideal to fuel on
12 Min tolerable to introduce fuel

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AUTOPILOT LIMITATIONS: Garmin GF 700 Automated Flight Control Systems (AFCS)
-The GFC 700 AFCS preflight test must be successfully completed prior to use of the Autopilot, flight director or manual
electric trim. Garmin Limitations
-ILS approaches are limited to CAT 1 Approaches only -Use of navigation map for pilotage navigation is pro-
-Autopilot maximum engagement speed……………175 KIAS hibited.
-Autopilot minimum engagement speed………………80 KIAS -Use Terrain proximity info for primary terrain avoi-
-Electric Trim maximum operating speed……………175 KIAS dance is prohibited.
-Raw data ILS approaches below 400 feet AGL are prohibited.
-Propeller must be set to 1900 rpm during all instrument approaches.
-There must be a pilot in the left seat and with the seat belt fastened and shoulder straps on.
-The Autopilot and Yaw Damper must be OFF during all takeoff and Landings. Don’t use autopilot without yaw damper
-The autopilot must be disengaged below 200 ft AGL during approach operations and below 800 AGL during all other
operations.
-Use of the autopilot is prohibited when the Audio Panel is inoperative (since the aural alert will not be provided when
autopilot is disengaged)
-Use of the Autopilot is prohibited when conducting Missed Approach procedures until an established rate of climb
that ensures all altitude requirements of the procedure will be met.

Autopilot disengagement modes:

-A/P DISC switch (red button)

-CWS (Control Wheel Steering) button (desinhibits servos)
-GO AROUND switch (at the power level)
-MEPT (Manual Electric pitch Trim)
-Turn off Avionics 1 switch
-Turn off Battery switch
-AP Key et GMC 710 panel

Ignition Usage:

-Air start without Starter assist

-Operation on water or slush-cover runways
-During flight in heavy precipitation
-During inadverted Icing Condition until the inertial separator has been in bypass for 5 min
-During T/O and Landings
-“RSVR FUEL LOW” CAS Message (Fuel Flow Interruption to Fuel Reservoir)
-“FUEL PRESS LOW” CAS Message (Lost of Fuel Pressure)
-Engine Flameout during Flight if Gas Generator speed is above 50% Ng

Inertial Separator Usage:

-When flying through visible moisture such as clouds, rain, snow and ice crystals on an OAT of 5°C or less (icing
conditions)
-Ground operations on dusty or sandy airports

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Fuel Limitations:

-With “L-R FUEL LOW” Cas Message, continuous uncoordinated flight with the Slip-Skid indicator more than one-
quarter bar out of the center position is prohibited.
-Due to fuel starvation, max. full rudder sideslip duration time is 3 min.
-Maximum fuel unbalance in flight is 200 lbs. Fuel flow starting: 90 a 140 pph.
-In case of emergency pure Avgas may be used for a maximum of 150 hours per overhaul period. (Prohibited in EX)
-When using Aviation gasoline the maximum fuel and ambient temp for T/O is + 29°C, the Max operating Alt is 9000
feet and the Boost Pump must be ON for all flight Operations.
-Up to 450 hours per overhaul period if Avgas is mixed with Jet A, Jet A1, JP-1 or JP-5 (1 part Avgas, 3 parts Jet A)

Power Lever:

Beta Mode Limitation:

-Only for ground usage (do not use power lever below Idle during flight)
-To minimize cargo pod temperatures and avoid damage to the Pod surfaces, when parked with a right crosswind, do
not use Beta Range for extended periods (greater than 30 secs)
Reverse Mode Limitation:
-May be used for up to 1 minute 1825 (2500EX) rpm max (Do not use reverse below 25 Kias during landings)
-Do not move the Power Lever aft of the IDLE position when the propeller is feathered or when the engine is not
running, this is to prevent damaging of the propeller reversing linkage.

Oil Level Limitation:

-Fill to within 1½ quarts of MAX HOT or MAX COLED (as appropriate) on dipstick
Skin Fans:

-With both deck skin fans inoperative, ground operations are limited to 46°C for 30 minutes (41°C for EX).
-With both deck skin fans inoperative, ground operations up to 38°C are not time limited.

Air Conditionner Limitation:

-(ground operation) Advance the Fuel Cond. Lever as required for minimum Ng of 54% or 55% EX.
-Operation of the Air Conditioner may cause compass deviation of more than 10 degrees.
-When torque settings are below 1865 FT LBS (2397 EX), Air Conditioning must be Off for Takeoff and Landing.
Beacon (Flashing red light) visible a 360°
Recognition on ground, anti-collision on air.
Turn it off on foggy condition to prevent disorientation or dizziness.
Radar: All personnel must remain at least 11ft outside of radar antenna.

G1000 Terms
TAS: Traffic Advisory System
Is intended for advisory use only, to help the pilot to visually locate traffic.
TAS is unable to detect any intruding aircraft without an operating Transponder (operating in mode A,C or S)

TAWS: Terrain Awareness and Warning System

AHRS or GRS 77: Attitude and Heading Reference System

Attitude, heading, slip/skid and turn regime.
Magnetometer o GMU: Measures the local magnetic field to AHRS.

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ADC or GDC 74A: Air Data Computer or Garmin Data Computer
Pitot/Static system indications (airspeed, altitude y vertical speed), calculates TAS, TAT, OAT, wind vector, etc.
If Pitot/Static 1 fails, back up Air speed and Altimeter will by unreliable.

EIS: Engine Instrument System

Integrated Avionics Unit: Function dual GPS, COM y NAV. WAAS

AFCS: Automatic Flight Control System.

FMS: Flight Management System, Combines Auto pilot and Flight Director
If Start Cont. CB trips CAS MSG is showed but no audible alarm.
ITT: inter stage turbine temperature
FDA: flight data analysis
GCU: Generator Control Unit
PFD: Primary flight display (1 y 2)
MFD: Multifunction display
Audio Panel
POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS

INSTRUMENT RED LINE GREEN BAND YELLOW ARC RED LINE

Torque Indicator ---- 0 – 1865 ft-lbs ---- 1865- EX dynamic
Inter-Turbine
Temperature ---- 100° - 740°C 766 – 805 805°C
(ITT) indicator
Gas Generator ---- 52% - 101.6% ---- 101.6%
%RPM Indicator
Propeller RPM ---- 1600 – 1900 ---- 1900 RPM
Indicator RPM
Oil Pressure Gage 40 psi 85 – 105 psi 40 – 85 psi 105 psi
Oil Temperature -40° C +10° to + 99°C -40°C to + 10°C +99°C
Gage

ENGINE OPERATING LIMITS

POWER TORQUE MAXIMUM GAS PROPELLER OIL OIL TEMP°C SHAFT

SETTING FT-LBS ITT°C GENERATOR RPM PRESSURE HORSE-
(EX) ( d : dynamic) RPM% Ng PSI POWER
Takeoff 1865 (d) 805 (850) 101.6(103.7) 1900 85 to 105 10 to 99 675 (867)
5min Minimum (32 to 99)
Maximum 1865 (d) 765 (825) 101.6(103.7) 1900 85 to 105 0 to 99 675 (867)
Climb (32 to 99)
Maximum 1865 (d) 740 (805) 101.6(103.7) 1900 85 to 105 0 to 99 675 (867)
Cruise
Low Idle --- 685 (700) 52(55)Minimum --- 40 Minimum -40 to 99 ----
Maximum 1865 (2500) 805 (850) 101.6(103.7) 1825 85 to 105 0 to 99 675 (867)
Reverse 1m (32 to 99)
Transient 2400 (2600) 850 (905) 102.6 (105,4) 2090 --- 0 to 104 ---
20 sec Max 2sec (20sec) 2sec (20sec) 1 min
Starting --- 1090 --- ---- --- (200 max) -40 ---
2 sec Minimum
Maximum 1865 805 (825) 101.6(103.7) 1900 85 to 105 10 to 99 675 (867)
Continuous (2397) (32 to 99)
(Rated)

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