Technical

Vocational 12
Livelihood
QUARTER 1

Animation
Module
8
Animation – Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Janeth M. Pineda
Editor: Name
Reviewers: Aiza T. Tuplano (Content)
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Isidro D. Pineda
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Animation 12
n
QUARTER 1
Occupational Health and
Module
8 Safety (OHS)
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Animation 12 Self-Learning Module on Occupational Health

and Safety (OHS)!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Animation Self-Learning Module on Occupational Health and

Safety (OHS)!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. Identify the hazards and risks present in a workplace;
B. Give importance on how prior knowledge on the effects of hazards and
risks can help maintain occupational health and safety;
C. Evaluate and control the hazards and risks present in a workplace by
developing hazard control plan.

PRETEST
Matching Type: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provide before the number.

_____ 1. Tripping a. Allergies, chemical sensitivity,

_____ 2. Eye Strain occupational asthma, and
_____ 3. Fire respiratory disorder
_____ 4. Falling b. Wires running down near or through
_____ 5. Indoor Air Quality the walkway or aisle.
c. Staring at computer screen for long
period of time.
d. This is caused mostly by combustible
materials are stored in a normal
atmosphere, which contains oxygen.
e. Loose overhead fixtures; improper
stacking of things on top of cabinets in room
 RECAP
Identification: Identify and name the following flowcharting symbols. Write
your answer on the space provided.

LESSON

World Health Organization (WHO) defines occupational health as a strong

focus on the prevention of primary hazards in all aspects of health and safety
at work. Health is not just the absence of infirmity or disease but more of a
state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Occupational health,
a multidisciplinary healthcare area that allows a person to have their work,
in the way that causes the least harm to their health. This compares with
promoting occupational health and safety, which is concerned with preventing
harm caused by accidental hazards that occur on the job.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is described as the a) maintenance and

promotion of all occupations to the highest degree of the workers’ physical,
mental, and social well-being.; b) how to prevent the workers’ health problems
caused by their working conditions; c) protection from employments risks,
and, d) placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational
environment adapted to his/her physiological ability. (Rules and Regulations
Implementing Executive Order No. 307.)

In this lesson, we will discuss the different hazards commonly found in a

workplace. We will also look into its common causes and ways on controlling
or avoiding them. Believe it or not, a school or home, no matter how
comfortable and convenient, still presents a lot of hazards that could prove
detrimental to the students.
Hazards and Risks
Let us first define the two basic terminologies as to avoid using them
interchangeably, These are hazardss and risk. We will be using scenario and
from there we can differentiate one from the other.

For instance, a banana peel along the walkway that was left without regard.
In this example, the hazard, the source of potential injury or threat, is the
banana peel itself as it might cause someone to slip and get injured. On the
other hand, the probability that someone will actually slip because of the
banana peel is the risk. In other words, what are the chances that a person
or few people will step over the banana peel and slip and fall because of it? To
reduce the risk if not to eliminate it, you must eliminate the source of threat
(hazard) or work around it. In this case, to completely eliminate the risk you
pick the banana peel (hazard). In general, a risk can be classified as low,
medium, or high. Low being the least probable and high being most likely to
happen.

Identifying Hazards
Slips, Trips, and Falls
This kind of hazard may perhaps be the most common of all, whether you are
in school or at home. Common causes contributing to this hazard, especially
tripping, are computer cable wires on the floor. Slipping is commonly caused
by spills on the floor leaving it wet, a slippery floor, or just a presence of small
objects like push pins are left scattered.

Falling accidents usually caused by improper use of school equipment. Like

chairs being used as step-on to put or get something higher. On the other
hand, causes of being hit by falling objects can range from improper stacking
of things on top of cabinets in room.

Fire
The most common hazard is fire hazard, which is present in all areas of life.
Most of the combustible materials are contained in a natural atmosphere that
includes oxygen and therefore the chance of fire is due to the possibility of a
source of ignition. Combustible liquids can vaporize at their surface and thus
form an oxygen – air mixture that can be ignited. The
temperature at which a vapor of liquid fuel might ignite is
called its flash point. If it is a liquid, the heat necessary
for combustion to occur depends on the flashpoint. Solids
tend to burn at a much higher temperature.
Workplace Ergonomics
It is the science of working place architecture, keeping in mind the worker 's
skills and limitations. Bad worksite design leads to worker fatigued, irritated
and hurt. This never results in the most successful worker. More likely it
results in pain and injury, low productivity and poor quality of output.

Most people are spending hours a day in front of a monitor without noticing
the effect on their bodies. There are bodies are stressed every day without
them knowing it, and these are just by sticking out their arms, slouching,
sitting without foot support and straining to look at badly positioned
monitors.
These practices can lead to life-long health impact cumulative trauma or
repetitive stress injuries. Symptoms can include discomfort, weariness of the
muscle, loss of feeling, tingling and decreased performance.
Ergonomics is a field of study which improves the product design and
workspace arrangement to reduce strain, fatigue, and injuries by. The goal is
a comfortable, relaxed posture.
Arrange your Workstation
Every time you work, have time to
adjust workstations which you think
will make you more comfortable to
work.
Prolonged use of laptop computer is not
ergonomically designed for work.
Having both monitor and keyboard
close together is not a good position,
better add a separate monitor and
keyboard. Make sure that the top of
screen is on eye level. This can be done
by adding a book under the laptop.
Elbows can be rested at 90° by your
side by using an external keyboard.

When considering your office set up, there are 11 areas to review.
1. Stretch Breaks
Repetitive injuries can be prevented by stretching, changing positions,
getting up and away from the desk. Stretch your arms, sides,
shoulders, neck, wrists, waist and lower back every hour or so. Muscle
fatigue can be prevented by having stretch breaks which should occur
 every two hours to prevent. Recess from the stress and strain of working
on your computer by changing posture and stretches.
2. Posture
To prevent injury, natural positioning of the body is important.
Forearms, wrists, and hands need to be straight, parallel to and in-line
with the floor. The head must be at level or slightly bent forward and
in-line with the torso. Shoulders should be relaxed. Upper arms, at the
side of the body, are normally hang. Elbows are kept close to the body
bent at 90° to 120°. Feet should be supported by a foot rest, should be
flat on the floor. Lumbar support should be present at the back. Thighs
and hips should be supported by a well-padded seat, and parallel to the
floor. Feet slightly forward at equal height with the hips and knees.
Frequent changing of position throughout the day is necessary.
3. Desk and Work Surface
Monitor should be at least 20 inches from your face. This also includes
enough room for the keyboard and mouse.
An elbow height desk, with feet flat on the floor or foot rest is ideal.
Avoid using glass topped desks to avoid glare.
4. Chair
An adjustable computer is necessary if it will be used by more than one
person. This will be for height, back angle and armrest. Other
recommendations include:
o Rolls easily over carpet using five-legged base
o Workstation can be accessed easily, without twisting, by using
Swivel 360
o The width of the seat should be at least as wide as the user's
thighs
o Padded edges and contoured seat provide additional ease.
o A 15" wide and 12" high backrest support is needed for comfort.
5. Monitor
The front of the computer user should always be attuned to the top of
the monitor screen. This would need to be flexible if all family members
make use of it. Place the screen away from your face between 20 and
40 inches so the top of the screen is at or below eye level. Your eyes
should have regular breaks. Monitor risers can be purchased, or if the
height is too low you can use the PC as riser.

6. Keyboard
For a variety of keyboard positions use at least a six-foot cord. Natural
wrist position can be maintained using split keyboard designs. To
accommodate more users, use keyboards with adjustable feet.
If using a keyboard tray:
 o Tray and keyboard should go hand in hand
o Mouse should have ample room
o Different users should be offered with a variety of adjustments
If you're using a laptop for extended periods of time, you'll need to invest
in a USB port keyboard tray to avoid getting your arms tight on your
sides and turning your wrists to fit the width of the keyboard. You will
also need a riser or help which will lift the laptop's display to the
appropriate height.
7. Lighting
Bright lights may be required if working on printed materials, especially
in a large area, while a focused computer work may be needing a
diffused light. If your computer is located next to a window, the window
should have a cover that prevents direct light on the monitor, or the
monitor should be positioned at the right angle to the window. Glare
can trigger tired eyes and dry eyes.
8. Mouse
Have a long enough cord connected to the CPU which matches the
contour of your hand. Use one that can be used with either hand.
During the day make sure to switch the mouse between both hands.
9. Telephone
To avoid balancing the phone between head and shoulder use a
hands-free headset. It is better to have a speaker feature. Adjustable
volume limits can be helpful.
10. Foot Rest
Use an adjustable foot rest if your feet can't sit flat on the floor with
legs and hips at a 90° to 100°.
11. Other Considerations
If you have your computer installed with a sharp edge on a desk surface,
you might want to invest in a wrist rest and a mouse pad with built-in
wrist support. It protects the wrists from the sharp tip, which helps
avoid injury. Don't be tempted to use your laptop for long periods on
the floor or lying on bed. Workplace posture is significant. The muscles
and tendons in your fingers need to be protected so be cautious not to
use too much force with your key strikes.

Injuries related to this kind of hazard is generally called ”work-related

musculoskeletal disorder (WMSDs).” This is also commonly called by
many names:
• Repetitive Motion Injuries
• Repetitive Strain Inujries
• Cumulative Trauma Disorder
 • Occupational cervicobrachial disorder
• Regional Musculoskeletal Disorder
• Soft Tissue Disorder

Indoor Air Pollution

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) relates to the health and comfort of an area. It is the
quality of air within and around buildings and structures. The risk of indoor
health concerns can be reduced by understanding and controlling common
indoor pollutants.

Immediate Effects
After one single exposure or repeated exposures to a pollutant, certain
health effects can appear early. Those include eye pain, nose and throat
discomfort, headaches , dizziness and exhaustion. These immediate effects
are usually short-term, and can be treated. Often the medication, whether
it can be detected, simply removes the person's exposure to the
contamination source. An aggravated or worsened asthma may show up
soon after exposure to some indoor air pollutants.
Several factors like age and pre-existing medical conditions are things to
affects the likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants. A
person’s reaction to the pollutant depends on their individual sensitivity,
which varies tremendously from person to person. After repeated or high
level exposures, some people can become sensitized to biological or chemical
pollutants.

Hierarchy of Controls
Controlling to exposure is a
fundamental method of protecting
workers from occupational hazards.
Traditionally, a hierarchy of controls
has been used as a means of
determining how to implement
feasible and effective control
solutions.

One representation of this hierarchy is as follows:

The theory behind this hierarchy is that the top-of-the-graphic control

strategies are theoretically more powerful and defensive than the bottom-up
ones. Following this hierarchy normally leads to inherently safer systems
being implemented, where the risk of illness or injury has been significantly
reduced.
Elimination
The hazard should be physically eliminated – is the most effective regulation
of hazards. For instance, if workers are expected to work high above ground,
the danger can be removed by lowering the piece they are working on to
ground level to remove the need to work at heights.

Substitution
Substitution, the second most successful hazard management, means
replacing something that causes a hazard (similar to elimination) with one
that does not cause a hazard — replacing lead-based paint with titanium
white, for example. The new product must not create yet another threat in
order to be an efficient monitor. If a large particle can substitute a small one
just to prevent airborne dust then it’s better.

Engineering Controls
Controlling hazards by means of its engineered controls is the third most
effective means. They may not eradicate hazards but rather separate people
from hazards. This may result to a higher capital costs than less effective
controls in the hierarchy, but will surely reduce future costs.

Administrative controls
Changing the way people work is where administrative controls focus on.
Some of the administrative controls include changing of procedures, giving of
trainings, and installing of signs and warning labels. These do not remove
hazards, but rather limit or prevent people's exposure to the hazards, such as
completing road construction at night when fewer people are driving.

Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes gloves, anti-glare sunglasses.
PPE is the least effective means of controlling hazards because of the high
potential for damage to render PPE ineffective.

Maintaining Workplace Health and Safety

Good housekeeping can aid in reducing or removing hazards at work. Bad

standards in housekeeping also lead to the accidents. If the sight of paper,
litter, clutter and spills is recognized as natural, then more severe hazards
can be taken for granted. Housekeeping doesn't just mean cleanliness. It
involves keeping work areas clean and tidy, keeping halls and floors clear of
slip and fall hazards, and eliminating hazardous materials (e.g. paper,
cardboard) from work areas and other fire hazards. This also needs attention
to essential aspects such as whole office layout, aisle marking, storage
facilities adequacy, and maintenance. Good housekeeping is also an integral
part of avoiding accidents and fires.

Building and maintaning a culture of safety is essential in any organization

regardless of its size. The school must think always think of the safety of the
students in performing their duties and tasks.

An essential element in establishing such culture is by creating a safety

committee. And in a school setting the Disaster Risk Reduction Management
is responsible for that. In the public school, a fire extinguisher is a must for
every room. Some of the schools provided an emergency bag containing first
aid kit, and other materials for emergency.

Emergency Assistance
Each emergency is, as stated, unforeseen. We can only do so much to avoid
it so there is no easier way to manage it if it happens than to be prepared.
Holding the communication lines open and understanding when and how to
get emergency treatment is one of the best strategies for ensuring workplace
safety.

Pasig Emergency Telephone Numbers/ Assistance & FB Page

843-0000

Police 8641-0433

Fire Department 8641-1939

BCEO Assistance 8641-1907

Emergency / Rescue 8641-1907

Public Order & Security 8641-1918

Barangay Affairs 8628-0467

Pasig Emergency Unit - Public

Pasig Emergency Unit FB Page
Information Office

Pasig Disaster Risk Reduction and

Pasig City DRRMO
Management Office FB Page
www.pasigcity.gov.ph
 ACTIVITIES
Activity No. 1: Spot the Hazard: Encircle the hazards and risks.

Hseblog.com

Activity No. 2 : Prevention than Cure: Using the graphics organizer, choose
at least 5 hazards/risks you have identified in activity 1. Write down its
possible effect/s and how to prevent it.
 WRAP-UP

Directions: Complete the following statements by filling in the blanks.

As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) "occupational

health focuses primarily on the prevention of hazards which deals with all
aspects of health and safety in the workplace.
1. ________________ is the source of potenctial injury or threat.
Whereas, the probability of someone getting hurt because of that source of
potential injury or threat is called 2. ___________________.
Controlling exposures to occupational hazards is the fundamental
method of protecting workers. Based in the hierarch of controls, the 3.
_________________ is the most effective way of hazard control. Having been
said that, 4. ________________________ is the least effective means of
controlling hazards because of the high potential for damage to render this
ineffective.
With all these hazards and risks, an effective 3. __________________can
help control or eliminate workplace hazard. Keeping good at this is also a
basic part of incident and fire prevention.

VALUING
During this COVID-19 pandemic:

1. What does the picture mean? _____________________

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2. What do you think would happen if we would just
abide by this?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

3. Do you believe in the saying “ Prevention is better

than cure? ” Why? ___________________________________

______________________________________________________
 POSTTEST

Matching Type: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provide before the number.

_____ 1. Administrative Controls a. do not eliminate hazards,

_____ 2. Engineering Controls but rather isolate people from hazards
_____ 3. Ergonomics b. changes to the way people work
_____ 4. Falling c. It is the science of designing the
_____ 5. Occupational Health & workplace
Safety d. It is the promotion and maintenance
of the highest degree of physical, mental
and social well-being
e. Loose overhead fixtures; improper
stacking of things on top of cabinets in
room

KEY TO CORRECTION

Housekeeping 5.A 5. Off-page Connector 5. 5. A

4. E Personal Protective Equipment 4. Terminal 4. 4. E
Elimination 3. D 3. Flowlines 3. 3. D
Risk 2. C 2. Process 2. 2. C
Hazard 1. B 1. On-page connector 1. 1. B
POSTTEST WRAP-UP RECAP PRETEST

ACTIVITY NO.1
 References

Animation Volume I. Innovative Training Works, Inc, Manila: Rex Bookstore,

2016.
www.deped.gov.ph. “Animation-NC-II-CG-pdf.” Accessed May 23, 2017.
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Animation-
NC-II-CG.pdf
www.tesda.gov.ph.”TR Animation NC II.” Accessed May 24, 2020 .
https://tesda.gov.ph/Downloadables/TR%20-
20Animation%20NC%20II.pdf

www.wpro.who.int” Occupational health.” Accessed July 1, 2020 .

https:// "WPRO | Occupational health". www.wpro.who.int.
Retrieved 2015-10-30.

www.wpro.who.int” Fire-hazards.” Accessed July 1, 2020 .

https:// "WHO Definition of Health". World Health Organization. World
Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2016-07-07.

www.sciencedirect.com. ” Fire Hazards.” Accessed July 1, 2020 .

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/fire-hazards

www.epa.gov. ” Introduction to Air Quality.” Accessed July 1, 2020 .

https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-
quality#:~:text=Indoor%20Particulate%20Matter-
,Indoor%20Air%20Pollution%20and%20Health,risk%20of%20indoor%2
0health%20concerns.

www. en.wikipedia.org. ” Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls.” Accessed July 1,

2020 .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_hazard_controls#:~:text=Hi
erarchy%20of%20hazard%20control%20is,promoted%20by%20numero
us%20safety%20organizations.&text=The%20hazard%20controls%20in
%20the,Elimination

www.nationaljewish.org. ” Health Information.” Accessed July 1, 2020

https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/health-information/health-
tips/desktop-
ergonomics#:~:text=Stretch%20Breaks,wrists%2C%20waist%20and%20
lower%20back.&text=Use%20changes%20in%20posture%20and,of%20
working%20on%20your%20computer.