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NAA: MP730/13, 15

Series number: MP730/13

Control symbol: 15
Barcode: 391528
Number of pages: 337

Australian Tank Programme - File No 2

11l\
57-Ixj/4'fl““N ____ W_,_,___!:___ _ »- ~— ;_' * i;' "' " ""' V _ ' V ‘ _§f-»4=_»:: I f"»~ " PRIME MINISTERS s _ _ 1, .1,» Q,’.» K: ' ‘e K "3| , . 11 .‘ L‘. -* am i CABLEGRAM ‘. /_\\4 O991*_ Q -13% <>\ ‘en. -‘Qvll 4 ,4~ -‘if \'F'-
'§~(D/r M y /,_':“' 16th Dc nncypman 1'o= £2 21.-\ I94; Z’High Commissions:-'s OfficeL o N D 0 . <1: , e __ “J -W /1% e 46. "sec Munitions u.c.sv?0.Your telegram 5557 armour plate. Uompee=ition of cast plate carbon
point 28 to point 55 manganeseone paint 70 to one point 90 zirconium point 15 to point 25. ;Heat treatment transfer castings whilst hot from nnnlde andheat to 1000 to 1050 degrees ccntigrade. soak for sixhours. Cool to
400 then reheat to B80 to 900. Syak forfour hours. Cool in still air. Reheat 860 to 883 andwater quench. Temper 600 to 625 for eight hours ld airor water cool. Tensile 50 to 55 ton. Performance epeci=fication fbr production
90 percent immunity to two soundershat at normal one and half inches at 1500 two inches at1505 two and half inches at 1730 three inches at 1990 three ‘and half inches at 2990 F.S.O3l—'(D0Average performance about
250 bett 21- thanthis. How does this compare latest British or American 'figures? Material casts very well. Have iiiiasii i1u.?.l in .sections like Hotchkiss SLICCGSSFJ-.111]. Have also cast come ;plate hull less turret and
nose and floor plate in me 'piece eliminating nearly all mack.-ining. '£'z:::hniq*.'=e sflatter method not entirely finalised but consider chancesof success good.Copy sent to Munitions (In c/wv. tele. rnsge.
i\'I.5»4;8§Defence17.10./i-l _____ -_" ,tr»: '~ , _The oli‘vLIunit1ons.Referred.; Q6’.Secretary-'_CO'\lFlRMATlON cow 15:2 SENm:'Q Y_.-_1>;~.-A ~ - “"“";""."'"'"" 5f ‘£15115!-W In Furure ccmmu|nc;|:xons by'1“ “'eq“e"“' “umber
Drfedmv the d"iJur'zn=:-I 11a ~ ' \ - -'~Dulhbnl‘ and the date hereon. Check imp-cc_¢,;1[.r._“’°‘i~'if'r.F?‘{=‘°"P§ WW1 vol" le com-::;>— H T H "' ' is _‘~n=-=‘———— _;L1 \1L.»
MINISTRY or MUNITIONS ‘ . V » MINUTE PAPER' (Thle ulde only to be written on)naoss/2.41-0.1005.Suimzcn sxuco mmcmssa umoua PLATE. g057- 10th October, 1941. ’Mr. A. R. Code,Controller,Armoured Fighting
Vehicles Division,Ordnance Production Directorate.Herennder I quote Barret Cablegram from theHigh Commissioner's Office, London, dated 25th September,relating to the manufacture of Silico Manganese Armour
Platewith zirconium addition."5557. Munitions. Secret.Your telegram 4515,.MC.l736, 7th August, my telegram4225. Manufacture of Silico Manganese armour platewith Zirconium addition.Director of Tanks design desirous to
learn results ofyour research to date. D.T.D. has also heard thatexperiments being conducted in Australia with chrome,manganese, silicon, zirconium steels for bullet proofcastings. Would be glad of information."So that we
might have the up-to-date advices ofthe Steelworks concerning the production of this plate, anapproach was made to the Broken Hill Pty. Co. Ltd. whosecomments are set out in letter of 6th Octeberwirom the SteelWorgs
Manager to the Ghiet General Manager, copy of which isenc ose .It will be observed that the Steelworks suggestthat the information to be forwarded to the High Commissionerin reply to his cable above-mentioned, should
be obtained fromColonel Watson and with this view I am in complete accord.I should appreciate it, therefore, if you would kindly arrangewith Colonel Watson for a cabled reply to the High Commissionerto be prepared.It
may be that the information will be too lengthyfor despatch by cable, in which event, Colonel Watson mayconsider it advisable that it should be forwarded by airmailand that a cable to this effect be sent to the High
ComissionenWhen Colonel Watson has a reply prepared, either in the formof a cable or a letter, I should be grateful if you wouldgive me the opportunity of perusing it before despatch.Q. zrpaa/4..-../1-éaDirectoriEen§§§l of
Mgitions.
\.1 I Vlf E/[Q XI 180th September, 1941. ' ‘Ir. L. Bradfordrm Broken Bin vw. co. ma.; \l' . M3,? '." ‘ .,,".' _.\' HY: ,3-_'|li ' .. ~Hereunder I quote n Secret Cablegrem fromthe High Commissioner's Office, London dated lbth
Beptmber,relating to the manufacture of Uilioo §nn¢eneae Armour Pletewith Zirconium addition."8587. Munitions. Secret.Your telegram 4615, IC.l736, 7th August, aw telegram4223. Innutnotura or Bilico Manganese armour
platewith Zirconium addition.Directer of Tank: design delirone to learn result: oryour research to date. D.T.D. has eleo heard that experimentsbei conducted in Auetrelie Iith chromeng , manganese, silicon,zirconium steels
tor bullet proof enltinge.Iould be glnd of intoration. 'Bo that a reply can be lent to this neelage,I should appreciate if you would kindly have the matterinvestigated and favour me with your advices.BL|u|“e
3* Ill at Gun-:1 lamp:-, ~ Sit near", 19%..Iclbournunew B12: 'lulu inn» Amour Plato:It1anotd.0utra\inIldnd.nl1oaiI'l&hrotlrndhilyotrlttir you aummuuanu:-1n:u-m.¢au::,un: uu::n.a1.zn. .».!"5“.,""l:11c\Proct6nn
pnaunnblzntonionrjullclplain; tho ll. 1:3. at 1121:: m 1119100,bnnnalybtm to ttcataaInhtyQyo\u
I&thnsillnnllnnnlnnnuninrnntcavpnantlyrotoniohluycvtnlknlcutaaaouruulokvonnnsalprootcaloroiaqamoetlonitihnurntoeruhYoumnnitnnotlavlngaaoiwdrvneiu thisutu1otIrtMn¢a:p10ot1a¢h_n\,rQo'0t
McrratzallJ,18tlAquatnnA9'ihscp\30IcopionntIfh1chun0 oud.)1aA0rtbt_uange!"0lstAnwurP'1nto"u%outthan pink putonunon an out oouliam Iunrthnlun, Qzmmu» tonuid to thn Iuhaunsdomroaphportnmma mmm he obtntnni Inn
Golan: wanna basalt,n1naIstoccpu1n11at»oaAmour@lh1s roportnultbcmore mthoattttvo than can pmpuvl bro.a only othoarintu Ionou-a tun plate IIIDOII-iv-ton nil but truinlnt ch ans- '5|. 5:. £11. in. in..28/-3} 1.10/1.90 .70/-90
.10/-90 .15/.25¥_2§ '1':-nun: on rotuibly whilst hot, tram umoulds mwih '8. nluoaktaapgnttmtdy
,|r/mun inhuman; Ann: nan: I.2;; pg; 3'1;‘E’ vi : £5=5; H512 $21?5': 3:3‘ ii4% ,5 iii;55; $14 igv@- :!1s=:;:alg 5! 2ii‘ =:évillaEId!)-h-gnnvtllag»J:ZE§?iv gi! ii:5! i‘§1;; inin ;§H aaztboluunllliptlanatdit=~d§§%»‘caoyuu atL
7:ohnulah0etat3$€ah> d§I.nrinI.8.A.qIu-lt1wll.=@-ii IO DM‘@I. nnI:or\qp¢In31hln1uoanwld~1ta011I!nat&n\trasacuatnanurnainaoarltqlynalllurdzwrlnaaiclt7pono1’utoo1antd10Iu-mama lnsnnaiahol.ff; ;=:~ : : :1 Imduanm
(ml;/.100) nan..1 1350:. $03,‘? Int ate-01 shortlist yurcnnnn,tlo¢ nnnnqpnduag. hnyuuomtoun.mnlv1.tn,inun:-,naueoxnt¢tI|li.l>1n&nt:nd1a&111t1wozli.nu1nu:I.Aturthrhcntnlh-81.9!-8» RI
nnbhzib:clunhnliai110ni|nn%?:zr::.Ia1~)nnl
/’\QMA1 uunnnpnuuwua 5*\- in empolllt at $8-A. and*...::#.:.v*~2r"‘...,.~*.:2"~ ......] ud. ..,.....0 Z'~’ IJ;il 5 Viiéiargiii,n?’3;!’.....*':.P.*t~z:'......'"'~ ':.':.-...,...."'""':= .‘;'.;'r:'"".....s *'-'dcntat/Bbtonaporaqanntn-4 ‘iv1 fI%ll1 .5» Raisin
tmbottilatlurqut. Illa!:.'v=*-**,:.::*'*"'='I.?*/'*..,' *WM:“* 2.'+.'::-’§..'~.. A-»1¢,1-»1-J3-‘n. ulna dennp:£1.n&e§1 nnmtna&u@Mhdportemnno onxtholat-ovnnaiuhnnttaéhlauthnavnrluan huh ulna B-83-in-mH .IQGIIQOBQ
iblillllllllillll.2:.'::.'";;% * '“-“"53 ' ':'*;¢'*:a=w:.::n:.' ':.::.""kawuxitch; Don. ’ to£22-k;2-.&$:P€$::f*"‘ “"“““”I0!!! @1117.anum """"8508?;i
SECRET..-.,' \ ,. 2 ? §£om=,1
anQ 5'2 ‘Vgm 1.2. Ievelber am, 19:41 , 5/lipS,4 , r-Ir. Eeelngtel Leele /J‘ vnmnw ouun of Immune - I‘a3 rune: at. , W”Ielbouee WAusrmnn:Deer Ir. Leele,Attaehed you will nite eoplee ofthe eeautaoture of the eeet eteel hull
ehleh le becaedlm I-I; ti et Oemrel steel Geetin<7 7-252‘tine corporation ere elee eekleg e eeet eteel bellfor the Unlte Btetee Government, but it le ellghtly dlffereltin deelp being lighter 1|: section and provleln 1e nede Q
theelde for e housing fer the 15 — 31.I undo:-etead e new cleelge which will be euitable toboth governments 1e eon being eonaidomi and ha eliminated thenae doc:-e u nth ee em hauling m the 75 _. gm ehleh anfuture will
be carried in the turret.rhe production or mu homing fer the belt-up hell1: e particularly bee! eating to produce and considerable <u1-rant;te experienced by everyue making it in order to obtain e eollleaetteg ee well ea me
that 1e tree £0 deeip. It eerpe badlyduring eating en! beet treatment end epeeiel provision has to beI160 for etreightening betone neehlnieg, elee it bee e very decided.tendency to "cove" during machining and unet be
rough-neehined ellleld Mn for e tee due before nel nechining.At the tine or my visit to the Gene:-el Steel CeetlneOorperettu they he! prodneed over e hundred hall outings, butoeleg ta dlteeltlee experienced during heet
treetnent, they wereveryumehbehlnd eadeenyhnlle were piled out in the yen! eeeltlngbeet treetaeet end tlnlehleg.Their preettee le of com-ee to eetea-queleh ad. theyere the only peoplelheveeet tethle countryehereeeter-
glzele1e oer:-led out Q Ilenr eeetlnee. they prodnee very eette terynellefeeetiege eneh ee terree, rotere end houeinge by thle Iethelet mu» mania» p1-es end the Brltteh xmpewm told. ne thebelltetle 1>1‘¢'!0ri1ee of their
eeettnle an the Ihele ere higherthee thoee produced by other £11-ee enklng the eme eleee eeetlee‘nae geeeehtag of the hell eating 1e evidently prev-legeeneheteeeedteeltthelexpeetedenleoterheveeetbeen eble to eaept e
etqclerl preetlee elth eoeeletently good re-eulte es ere being eiteieed tea their luyetone plat.
I ‘ya-2-Iru ny oboe:-wetiue daring ny vieit to the ea-ioee platethe General steel cm m eertainly do none weldingthan any other, thie ie ly dee to the wate1\-qnenehin{;:o-eeeetheyhnweedoeted.
lzperieneeheednewnthntenyelflu, eeod hole, overlap er mall erode nny develop inte largerorneke and they very ewitieelly ineyeet ell oeetinge Qd chip oattheee defeete at weld before hent tleetnent. In may
oeeeetheeedeteeteoalyprowe oteninerwntue, but they donot teheany 1-ieke ne nee e oreok etnrte it very readily dewelope withwater qoenehingt‘nae Anerien steel fondriee nee Q air hardening eteelfor their eeet arnonr or
the tollowing eoIpoeitieeg-.2.» L I5 sh. .3» .121 lb Yi-.2l .020 1.00 .k0 .020 3.0 .140 .10Their oeetilge appear to give eatietaotory halliotio prop-ertiee eltho@ I — told they are not quite an omeietent nothoee obtained ti-Q
General steel oaetinp.Thin oleee of eteel appeal-e to _ to be a better propoeitithan the water-qaenohing om, particularly on eueh large jebe eethe eeet hell. It ny ‘be noeeeeery to accelerate the air-coolingQ large enetinge
euoh ee thie and this could he taken eare ofeither by neane of tune or ooqareeeed air, preferably the forner.The wolding ca the oeet hall appoared to me to be particular-ly heavy and omeieted or building-up in xnuior-
oeotioa area tothe desired thiokmee ee well ee slug the ende end eidee in orderto obtain the proper dineaeioee, ee well ee repairing oreoke, eta.and it a eunewhet einilar deeign is ountenpleted in Aaetwalie itwould appear
they noet be prepared to accept quite a lot oi‘welding wort.Of oonree, none of the oeetinge being worked Q were ti-Qtheir earlier etforte end with elteretioae to oerteil poeitine Qthe petten they have elininnted eon or the
deteote, but thedenip ie eooh and the reqnireneate eo eweeting that diffieoltiee{ill aria: no‘nettor how careful the noolding and outing preotioee earrie on .Ir. Driemyer, worke longer, at General steel Goettlmt whq akin; the
hell to the new doeign oomideretimgiven to oaeting it the reweree way to that now enplthe thibeeeee or the netel, ee chem an thepreeeat den!!!’ it would rpeer to be the beet way to Yowould then he able to pleee the rioora
on tho hoevieet porition oithe netel along the hottq feoee end it would, of com-ee, heneeeeeery to provide eue external chilling to take ea:-e of theat ereaoetthehottnearoundthe tun-retringeadthieoouldhe provided without
neoh difficulty.2E31;'2EExi
‘eeting you ere well eel with kinneet x-egerde to Ir. Der! mg, Ir. B:-ultorleel yeereelt,Yeurl very truly,(ag<i.) I, n5-2»-., I§§?i@:géiaiiF ."'a§§§we$55of the bullmilked Q theee theof rieere, ee wellwhere the ereee-here orTheee
ere the only chille need and theyhe opening! ehieh eat through on these bare.The eide wells between the here ere bawed-in 5/16" ma uthere to the 1‘:-at em! or the eeetiwg they are beee-in 3/5" ee eeto ellow for the pull
aereee the tap, ell be ee etreipt ee possiblewhen taken from the earl.THREE! cA%% There ere three different netballeeetine . in steel Geetin; Oupeny eehe it eethe drawing with he twelve-inch diameter rieee et the botthe
deoney qd ei: 10" x 8" rieee aroma the top, plne twoel the rim of the eupole opening. ~' 5.53%:$53Fae:-'5ggiz\;8FGeneral steel casting! make it the reverse way to that sheen Qthe 41!-eeing and have tn separate risen
approximately 10" x B"spaced eroum? the top, end in aciditioa to these they extend the cent-ing 1-1/2" higher, so as to take care of any end. that me: be die-ledged and washed up with the metal.The Amerien steel
Pounririee and Continental Roll and SteelFoundry caat the turret the sane way up ea General Steel but carrye rieer e11 the way r-ouml. This feeder heed is than reamed withe epeoiel mw-cutting device which autaeetically
travels en-om; theeating and reuoveu the heed where deeine. The core for thiseeeting is eerried U a large core erbor which tits to the top oi‘the drag be: mi thereby prevents the core {rm being niepleeedduring seating.‘hie
preetiee eppeere to be the beet method at seating thejob provided it ie lo Aeeigned that this method can be employed.I have preetieelly tiniahea my tour or the American plateend go to Canada this week where I expect to
be for ebout ten dlyeend hope to be eble to oeteh the plane leeving for Auetrelie onlewenber 27th, At the pi-eeeet time there eppeere to be very heavybookiniu II! I have contested Ir. Heydon oi‘ the Australian Legetiuto eea
at in getting e reeervetim on that plane.since last writing you I have met the following gentlemenwho wish to be kinily revneuebered to you;Ir,Ir.Ir.Ir,I1‘.Ir.Ir.J.L. Perry - President, cemegie Illinois steel corpareti.W. Ietheeiee -
Yiee-Preeilent, U.s.stee1 corp. oi’ Deleeere.I, sykee - President, Inland Steel co.Driaeyer - Iirke lean er, General steel Outings Corp.A. Ieleber - Viee-Preeglent, American Steel Foundries.J. williune - selee Iaeager, Amrieaa
Steel Pomariee,J. Bettie - Geaerel lump:-, Induetriel DiwieiQ, Am:-ice: SteelFoundries.
.L. H »~n|.u.;_ P ,,uJ.,. _ =uLx‘these caetlzqu ere being Isle at the Granite cat; Um-heor Gene:-el steel outing co:-perettm were they ere now pr-causingmamnuupumx but sun-¢-atlngpmpq 1e mama»of em ma treating
iepennn cad eevenl hulle ere pld ea-onethe works with rtere ell rleere etteched. -At the preeent tine, they ere prodnelegitonr teet pleteetru each beet thet le, teer Eaten for eeeh we eeetlnp, butere mm tut men zmlm 11- heat
treetnt pl'8t1Otetrelghteaed out they enlyhnve tenetetvepleteeyerheet.rbeee teat pletee ere eeet vertteelly in e elntler eenerto that deeeribed tn my apart Q thin steel caetllg.The eteel le nede in e etxtp-tn belie open-heart
rurneeeto the rolled“ epee1eet1$zI I O I O I I Q O I IIn making the eteel they elm to wart to e low phoe. endearner ecateat ee in ednitlee to the preventlm or ereeke an-11¢e la: they also think that thee have a direct heeriag
on thebellil is properties.Aluntnlu to the extent of two pouule per ton of netel leadded to the ledle et tapping and thezhzour the castle; throetoerhilet nozzle the mtel entering mould below the outproper no that these runners
are removed by burning flesh withthe bottm or the elae Ialle. The poeltim or these runners 1eehen m the relllg.‘rapping temperature around 3000 degress Fahrenheit.Teaming temperature around 2850 degrees
Fahrenheit'!'heeeet1nge1'ema1a1atheeem!12te15hon:-ebetbmebe-lngtekenout entheheedeendrunere renovedwhet thetcpere-tare le u-or-:1 1000/1100 degrees Fahrenheit.The eeetinge thet have been piled in the yard
meltingbeet treetnent me to be pm-heated to ebaut the tenperetnre alumebove before the rue:-e ere renovenl.Ae econ ae the rmnere end risers ere 1-moved an well aemach send u possible, the castings ere eubieotei to
the beettreatment dhleh emulate or fur opemtlmez1. Hcnoaenlalng2. 'l'eIpe1-tn; from hmugenlsing treatmentBeating for quenchingE: Tempe:-lag etter quenehtlg
7,1’W-25The bagasising trsstnsat is esrried out is s gas-firstfhrsseemndred lsegeeniteslvs f‘t.vi4ssmi'buresstingssretreated st the ans tins. They are bested to 1951!/IssIshrsahsit in eight hours ad held IW12 hours. After
thessrrisgs is within‘ all sllond te eool in still sir, esrs beingtshn to eliminate dreughts.They are than hosted ts 12.50 degrees Fahrenheit in fiveboars, held five hours all sllwsd to cool in sir.The castings are nae thcroqhly
eleeasd or all seals,shipped and ground and very eritieslly inspected for any flees erssksunder-sscticns, mdsr-dimensions, ete, s11 of which are rsnsdisd bywelding. Before my welding is cs:-riei out the ssstisgs srs tre-
hsstsnl to st least 350 degrees Is:-isnheit and provisiep nah 0 usin-tsh this throughout the welding operation, also say extensivewelding is not esrrisa out too long is my one positiq lad, ithsstssary, several places are partially
welder! one after the otherrather than being completed st am: one operation.The castings are now ready rev the final hast treatmentswhich are carried out is specially designed furnaces having a rollsrhearth and the
eastings are placed on a frame so constructed ts givesuyport to the top and thereby prevent any Mg ,‘Lng. ‘Phase arehosted at 150 degrees Fahrenheit per hour to 1550 degrees Fahrenheitper hour held for rive hours and
thsn pass on rollers to s tshlswhich auienstieslly lowers mm the water-quenching tank, which 1:lsintsinsd as near as possible to 100 degrees Fahrenheit plus orlis 5 degrees Fahrenheit, and quenched for four minutes.The
quenching time is automatically controlled and as soonas specified tins has slspsed the casting is sntonstisally raisedtron the tent than lifted. by an overhead ersne to the roller-bedin front or the tempering tnnsee. The
casting is than pushed intothis fnmsse and grsnmslly heated to 1175/1200 degrees Fahrenheit insix hours and held six hours, arts: which it is air-cooled.The heating and tempering funmcss are or similar design;80 ft. long
and 12 ft. wide tour-zeasd coatrolled, so thst ee thesestags enter they srs srsluslly heated up to the aesired tapers-terss em es one casting is plsssd into the masses one sutonstissllysense ost-Aftsr the esstings sre cooled
they are again thoroughlyelssnsd or all scale by nssna or s shot-blasting machine criticallyinspected and testes for Brinsll hardness before despsteh.when inking these casting provision is mic or theseBrisell tests by esstiug
smell bnttme on the snrrsss ma these areshippedotrsosstorsnoeeanyelsesrburisedsreebefbrsthetest iscarried out. The Brinell hardness aimed for is; 255/m.
 ‘Ila eating i in-dried 101161only 1 101:1:-1 p1 turn in 1111! tar 111111 ibr the 0091 portia, bath or which IO‘I'II\I-tQ inrriq n11nin1. I; both 11111 tutter rclin in aria: to within-I the p1tt11111: hotter drain; pa-epowitiq th11 if
lifttrcthcsttcrn. Thnoopopwtinilthu-1l/h" 1-14! ton-1 withix-wig the pthnl.‘n t’1oin¢11n1!1n1di111ynth1ti1nixtnr1n141tra111n$1111 111:! and bonny 111:1:-i111, the oonpooitia at the b1toh11r5¥EE22‘-g:girg:-=5?15% lbn. It 59
A,!,A, .n1m11 liJ00 11:1. of ZOA.I.A. tinnnnn 1&1‘I lb. or B lin 1Irlbn. of hntaito3 lb1. at legallh1. or ‘tracer ‘H1111 1:1 111-111 banning 11t1ri1l3 lbs. of 911$:-inThe above are tlnrooghly nixnd in 1 Binpnon 11nd-liningmaniac
with 2.65 nointun. This i1 inportnt 1nd should not1:111! 2. 75% for goal ildoility with their 111-ring p'r11ti11.'rhi1 11nd giw11 1 green ccnpnaim of L;.6 to l;.9 lbs,With 1 pllltlblliy 1! 130/1&0.‘rho thinhnan oi’ this facing and V1!-
111 tron nbout l/2"cuth1.1ti’1111to1pprc:in1t11y3" inthncornn-11ndi1b1oln14upbyorainu-yr1o11imi1_1. lv1ry1n:\11vonr1ho1ldb1n1n\1 togut 1'?-:1 ‘in-1w‘ with tbs p1tt1:-1 10 11 to haw 1 minim‘ ofrcpni 1nd nwoid ocking 11
nae! 11 possible, particularly 18111pr1,ying with thw £101-wan.Thin £111-I111: i1 nub up 11 112110112-200 11:1. of Biliu our 200 nahI4 lbn, of Bmtenita3 311. of Oil (Linoil Ir Linncod)21 Q. of I1t0rH1 of xannlt (thi 51 (lion. .
in thn oil?‘Th1 nboww nut in thoroughly nind boron lacing requiredam! i1 than thimud don to gin 1 rnding of M 311.1.Artur 1pp1ying thi1 I111; to tho nould tho capo part 11loworod own! tha dag ht fin:-inch dintnnt pineal 111
plaa1itokncpthllnpnrt aim 1iri1bl0wnintron1n1oh1ni11ldri1rinordnrtodryat thcnonld. l1forwpl1eingthi1oc'p1p1rtintoposition th1 00111 for thn ioor 1nd ottnr openings no fittod.
. I ‘-I»rhe don 1-Iner and eide rune:-e are aanle Ip with eitherrxer brieh or core Puaaecre all nd the latter are giwiqbetter reeulte than the tamer bx-iota, whleh evidently have
ate::eaeytoapa11eeeaa11p1eoeehevebeenrone1&eMe¢1atheea lag.In theaoulatagorthe nitthe eeraere or the ereee-bug'§§“§§i t: n.,'§§.- in rig“:a ac pea Q.and are ehet-hlaeted after aee malined with water to whleh hae
beenthis alt:-e givee the heat reunite,PAT!‘ Ia math: the pattern tuu a1enh etaheeareetmy wear during the eeltraeti of the natal.' Ia eeneetii with the width or the petten they nee acontraetlen Iidwq hetweea etanaard eteel
and etandard 11-4. II!the allewueee lei he ae tonnag-Leqth or tten .. 1/8" 2 ft.Hdeht er §3=m-. .. 3/103:0 ft.Wllth er puma .. 3/16" up re. mm 1/awOIUPIII.lth or the pattena at the baee wheretheme are the pattern la "bowed-
la" 5/16" perelale eo t eneehere leer at:-eight when eeet. Thin1e alleee tween the two ereee breetnp, but hmt!;e37:§n1 it-eat or the teak there ie a "hue-13"0iii‘?:. 2 3.§%§§§za gagg 5:1?»-25';El’HEE25?¥::z=5-
‘éggié§~?i%=a grI 0 IOa tap of the lhriage allowanee provialq la name for5/32' Dealing loae on each aide of the 1-:31, um 1;, 3/16'addttioaal thlelleae or letail.%‘-‘l£.'¥_°&l§A!£§;1/1;" butiltheleagthotthemehtaedfaoeefrq e
eaetiag to the back or the ren-ereee SaberQ1; 1/32" aims 1e a1-lewea, attain; aver.w t " frm each eide at them%=& A» but 1... lately 1»...altered. 't Q P1-B or I1_a 1/2' lgltnaaly and pleaor aé trnewereely. »
ll~5-%£m ’212£.!£.£1'_z:§.r P1" 5/15" I1-' l°"**=8- ¢ pill or Illa 1/2" ll Q dlrccti. plan or Illa: 1/2' in any 611-“tin. * aim; manila. P1-II 10%.IA A1’ 8'1‘ Tho Bahillq allarnon 1:Mu 1203:. zhagzftFPO! O ID"turrot nut be nalataiaod.
At thepan: hing acquired on tho uids of thenu-rat 09001:; BI lull‘: than 1! n possibilityum can again; an a nu u pmznau for Inchin-lngndzulrthtantana ail; out bolt holounllnoran-100 .2%‘~EIii:g.§?Z§°éaggar§:§§$2‘!!-f
: 57?L)______I/\116th October, 1941. *Ir. ‘e R5 cOdQ,Controller, A.F.V. Division.I think you will be interested in perusingthe udermentioned extract from a letter of 16th Septemberreceived by me from Kr. E. R. Ialker, who is
at present inthe United States investigating various matters on behalfof the Broken Hill Proprietary Co. Ltd.I an sending this extract also to the Directorof Ordnene Production for his information.' I have received copy of your
cable regarding tankmanufacture and the hull castings in this country erebeing made by the General Steel Castings Corporation attheir Granite City Plant. They made two or threeexperimental hulls at the Eddystone Plant at
Philadelphia,but now have transferred this work to the Granite CityPlant and the only armor castings being made at Eddystoneat present are turrets, rotors and housings for the75 mm. guns.I visited the Eddystone Plant
during the week and esI do not hold the necessary permit to visit Granite City,I have contacted Ir. Iacregor of Iashington asking himto arrange this and will make this visit 1111151-. in theChicago ares. VDirector-General of
Munitions.
it ” ~ ' 3PRIME MlNl5TER’S DEPARTMENTCAB LEGRAM 14 ICfjv 0 13579-5'£P; EOODE TU Sent sun September, 19AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT TRADEGOHMI3SIONR|1‘ Om %Ir'\‘ »_-Q ~_1» __; » ‘ -* ... - -IhIQiIEIii-
iLin--a-nn1h-unnni-n-iii‘Iuniinu-iiniiiahIhaii%kHiiI%&i-Ie\\(‘3|hf‘Q@ I‘ 2(D2915 Munitions M C 3106. For Walker from Lewis.Received advice of completion first cruiser tank fromMontreal Locomotive WorksDesign incorporates
use of one piece hull castingsimilar to that projected in AustraliaComplete date on foundry technique material anal:and heat treatment processes desired to assist our prcAlso if proeursble detailed drawing of hull andturret
with sketches iudirating feeders risers eteetraPull éetails of welding technique employed 1n attachmeof casting to frame-<Copy - mmrrrons (Re u 7906 of 8/9/1+1) nmrmxcm. 1' a=The Secretary,Department of Munitions
= MINISTRY o|= |v|um'r|o|\|s L\\<no/cwc/noMINUTE PAPER N A(Thla aide only to he written on)DtB955/2.l1—C.1QO5. __‘i _ __SUBJECT: ‘J/ sun September 1941 .MEMORAND T .-Hr. J.M. MacShane.In view of the fact
that developmenton tank production in Australia envisages the embodying of aone piece cast hull construction, the Armoured FightingVehicle Division is most interested to learn, for the firsttime, that Canadian Authorities
have already produced anM3 Tank with one piece cast hull construction.Because of the tremendous assistanceit would be to our people in developing our casting techniquein Australia, it would be very much appreciated if
Mr. E.R.Walker of the Broken Hill Proprietary Company, who is nowin the United States, could be requested to investigate thetechnique adopted in Canada, and it is suggested that thefollowing cable be sent :-\-6n u
\,¢,¢,i\»4/‘(_c /(F (41 A L1,¢,-,- ‘ (\~-. /1,. I, /"RECEIVED ADVICE OF COMPLETION FIRST CRUISER TANK FROMMONTREAL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS paragraphDESIGN INCORPORATES USE OF ONE PIECE HULL
CASTINGSIMILAR TO THAT PROJECTED IN AUSTRALIA paragraphCOMPLETE DATA ON FOUNDRY TECHNIQUE MATERIAL ANALYSISAND HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSES DESIRED T0 ASSIST
OURPRODUCTION paragraphALSO IF PROCURABLE DETAILED DRAWING OF HULL AND TURRETWITH SKETCHES INDICATING FEEDERS RISERS ETCETRA StopFULL DETAILS OF WELDING TECHNIQUE
EMLOYED IN ATTACH-nMENT OF CASTING TO FRAMEw1%$““”J. HARTNETT,Director of Ordnance Production
 My I’ _ mg WW MM M“ Wmmmmmm i I_ S Mm mm Jim “WM % “_M__“m__Wm F my i H (E h____ _:"“__m_ __ B h __ J» bWm“ WWW“ “Mg WMW%mmM_mWmm “WEN E fa l g“ W__M&ME&W wmmmx M ‘W #1'_
M _§_ i Mmmwwm MM wW MM mwmmmm Wmwm mmmwmwwmmmm Wmm _“m M gm mmummmwmwwmwm Wmmmmmmw M W? mm; m M%_m__ 4,1 1 _‘Jval ‘M \l_ , (1‘g“‘lE‘_‘, _‘}’“H’ Ff‘ _‘ \\‘j_,I J“ _y IN I ‘ ‘ H ; ii‘
r_'i_‘ I _|j_%j7‘_‘ ‘ l_:_M~, i :1 ___ _J€1‘1_“4iy “ 3 N I 1 i_ i “S _ ‘ “WW1 (W Z ‘V _‘__|MAWW3FB 3 1 __é‘ ‘A ? J __ ’h Q’ ‘Mmm /RM, nk:
--MQNWG/NG MINISTRY OF IVIUNITIONS. S IRI126.MINUTE PAPER. H24 \ V/: 5,5SUBJECT:\\:q 12th June 1941.¢\- ' Iumommnw T0:- 9% jMr. Essington Lewis, -Director—General of Munitions._ In accordance with the
request con-tained in your memorandum of the 6th instant I encloseherewith suggested draft of a cable which I think shouldbe sent to the Broken Hill Proprietary metallurgist,Mr. E.R. Walker, who is now in America.The
questions have been outlinedin consultation with Mr. Daley, Dr. Hirst and Mr.Chamberlain.Any information which Mr. Walkercan obtain on these points would be greatly appreciatedand would, without doubt, be of
tremendous assistanceto us._ “"7‘l’3>" -' *‘ - A __»\%§\\f§- L. . HAHTNETT, D1,;_, ~3 4;‘ Dir tor of 0rdnance'ProductionAtt. -I :4 jjltw,//A{¢-\Lj;\,J 4
/I“MA,/~v ‘(IQ I * >9\”A VERY PLEASEPTU HEAR THAT YOU HAVE ALREADYI-D_1LA_ll_= Uablegram to Mr. E.R. Walker, America. \- s¢a5,Q,<,,‘4.,, EFFECTED GOOD CONTACT DEWAR McGREGOR BRITISH
PURCHASING COMISSIONparagraphIIIIB MOST DESIRABLE YOU CONTACT IN COMPANYWITH MCGREGOR THE MOST SUCCESSFUL MANUFACTURERS OF CAST AND ROLLEDARMOUR FOR TANK
CONSTRUCTION AND AS SUPPLIED TO THE BRITISHPURCHASING COMISSION AND THE UNITED STATES WAR DEPARTMENT stopWITH A GREATLY ACCELERATED INTERMEDIATEPROGRAME OF TANKS
ESSENTIAL WE ARE ABLE TO PRODUCE HULLS INAUSTRALIA IN THE VERY NEAR FUTURE THEREFORE ANXIOUS THAT YOU BRINGOR CONVEY TO AUSTRALIA THE LATEST TECHNIQUE AND
INFORMATIONINCLUDING BALLISTIC TESTING OF CAST ARMOUR THICKNESSES IN RANGEOF 20 mm to 70 mm AND ALSO BRING SIMILAR DATA ON ROLLED PLATEBETWEEN THICKNESSES OF 15 mm to
50 mm paragraphPARTICULARLY REQUEST YOU INVESTIGATESPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR CASTING INCLUDINGTURRET COMPLETE FRONT SECTION FINAL DRIVE ASSEMLY
HOUSING ALSOLARGE FULL LENGTH CASTING OF SIDE PLATES stop BELIEVING IT ISRELATIVELY EASIER FOR US TO FOLLOW GENERALLY FAVOUR CASTINGSHOWEVER MAY BE FACED WITH THE
NECESSITY OF USING ROLLED PLATE FORSIDES AND BOTTOM THEREFORE BECOME ACQUAINTED WITH TECHNIQUE FORROLLING ARMOUR PLATE AS USED ON AMERICAN M5 MEDIUM
CRUISERPARTICULARLY AS APPLYING TO POSSIBLE PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA WITHMATERIALS AVAILABLE paragraphWOULD APPRECIATE DETAILS HEAT TREATMENTPROCESS NECESSARY AFTER
ROLLING OR CASTING IN ORDER TO FACILITATEMACHINING ALSO HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS REQUIRED AFTER MACHININGTO GIVE THE PLATE MAXIMUM SHELL RESISTING PROPERTIES
stopMQGREGOR CAN ADVISE SPECIFIC POINTS REQUIRING INVESTIGATIONRELATING TO CAST ARMOUR BUT IN ADDITION DESIRE INFORMATION AMOUNTOF OUT-OF—STRAIGHTNESS OF SUCH
CASTINGS AS CAST AND METHODSEMPLOYED IF ANY FOR KEEPING THIS TO A MINIMUM paragraph
_ 2 _ SE€.7RETLATEST INFORMATION INDICATES GOOD RESULTSCAST ARMOUR BALLISTIC PERFORMANCES FROM GENERAL STEEL CASTINGSstop WITH CLAPP'S AND McGREGOR'S HELP PLEASE
INVESTIGATE FULLYASCERTAINING DETAILED RESULTS OF MOST RECENT BALLISTIC TESTSCOUPLED WITH ALLIED CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIESFOR EACH TEST stop
UNDERSTAND RESULTS INDICATE OUTSTANDINGIMROVEMENT WHICH MAY VITALLY ASSIST OUR PROGRAME paragraphUNAVAILABILITY OF GEAR TOOTH GRINDERSAFFECTING HEAVY PROGRAM FOR
PRODUCTION OF GEARS SPECIFICALLYFOR TANKS THUS MAKING IT NECESSARY TO HEAT TREAT CASE HARDENEDGEARS WITH MINIMUM WARPAGE AND DISTORTION paragraphSUGGEST YOU
CLOSELY INVESTIGATE UNITEDSTATES METHODS PRODUCTION HIGH QUALITY CASE HARDENING STEELS WITHVIEW ASSISTING SOLUTION OF ASSOCIATED PRODUCTION PROBLEMS stopLOOK FOR
ANY RECENT IMPROVEMNTS IN TECHNIQUE MADE SINCE SUBJECTOF ARMOUR WAS COVERED BY SIMONS IN;FEBRUARY paragrapRE?_ L_ DALSO DESIRE REVIEW FOLLOWING MATTERS1. DETAILS
RELATING TO PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OFTELLURIUM LEAD2. DETAILS END CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE CUTTING LEAD BEARINGSTEELS FOR AUTOMATIC WORK5. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS OF
COPPER BEARING PARTIAL RUST.RESISTING STEELS THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAT TREATMENT4. LATEST PRACTICES AND RESULTS IN ALUMINIUM BRONZE AND ITSAPPLICATION5. LATEST
INFORMATION ON HIGH TENSILE BRASSES AND BRONZESAS APPLICABLE TO DIE CAST WORK».
.M0/LJH/NG’- , |.. MINISTRY o|= MUNITIONS ‘ MINUTE PAPER‘““_“ , (Thls side only to be written on)if‘\\»‘NSUBJECT:h I10th June 1941.MEMORANDUM T0:—Mr. J.K. Jensen,Controller Central Administration.Believing
you would be interested ina re-print of an article from the "Time" 14th April 1941,on Tank manufacture, I am sending it along to you herewith.I would particularly refer you to- the last paragraph which emphasises the advent
of cast-armour for the United States Tank.I also attach a copy of this re—printfor Senator P.A. McBride, which, if you approve, I wouldthank you to pass on to the Minister.aw“L.J. HARTNETT,_ Director of Ordnance
Production.ft‘. \\Atts.Y. 1 I ‘ . ;' ;‘ I ‘J » 1 ', . I .€£}u“ ,1/Ww"1'“
 ARIYKXHMCT FROI ARTICLE APPEARIIO II "'1'IIB",14th APRIL, 1961.-3 ILast week some 200 officers, manufacturers, newnensaw the Army's newest tank in action. It was an I3: a25-ton armoured hulk,. abristle with tour
machine guns andtwo cannon, seven tons heavier than the few medium tanksalready in service. The Army last week had only this onemodel, but within two or three months media tanks shouldbegin to roll from three new
tank factories (Chrysler,American Locomotive, Baldwin Locomotive.)Host and demonstrator at the Aberdeen (Id.) ProvingGround was hard, white-haired, tank-wise Colonel John K.Christmas. The day was cold and raw; the
red larylandclay was muddy under toot. Colonel Chrishas said that hewould let the nodal speak tor itself. ‘rhea he turned to-ward the tank, sulking 400 yards away on s slight rise,and waved his right ax‘. Thers was a dead
quiet tor per-haps tan seconds. Then I3 turned loose a horizontalstream of red death, directed towards a silhouette target900 yards sway. From the nuzzles of four .30-calibremachine guns spurted bright tracer bullets; from
the turretthe shells from a 3'1 m. cannon cracked into the farawaypines. Ordnance men from tar and wide saw shat they hadcase mainly to see: the steady (22 to the minute) tire ofthe '75-m.gun mounted on the starboard
side of l3's hull.The tank's commander, rsngy, red-haired Lieut.ColonelFrank R.Iil1iams of the Armored Force, was sitting on all-inch-square leather seat, bolted to the iron deck,alongside the 75-mm. gun. His head protected
by a yellowleather crash helnet, was pressed against an oblongsponge-rubber rim which framed the eyepiece of an 18-in.telescopic gun sight. Whenever his target centered in thecross hairs or the sight, he touched an
electric firingkey, watched a 15-lb high explosive projectile rip througha framework target tank.About 1,000 yards away, a radio-controlled, empty lighttank lurched into view, quartered across the rough testground. I3 set off
in pursuit. Because the Army wantedto use the light tank again, Colonel ‘Iilliams and hissix-man civilian crew fired only their machine guns.Colonel Christmas explained what would happen to the lighttank if Colonel Iillians
turned loose his 75: "Is wouldsend a dump truck out on the range and bring back a pileof old iron." As I5 gathered speed, a visible streak of.50 cslibre bullets smashed into the hull and tracks ofthe smaller tank.The 75-mm.
gun, a radical departure in tank armament,gave I5 trcnendous fire power. Said Colonel Williams:"Ie weren't trying for top firing speed with the big gun.‘e night get up as high as 30 a minute." Any such rate offire would take
some doing. Two men load and fire the '75.The loader has to kneel in a tiny steel coop. Between thebreech and a bulkhead, he has about three feet in which towork. Ihen the gun recoils, he has something less thantwo feet.
At 250 rounds a minute, the loader lust, everytwo seconds, extract s 75-mm. shell casing tron a semi-automatic breech, allow a split second for the gasesto be blown out the nuzsle, return the empty casing toits place in s
rack beneath the breech, yank out a liveshell, smack it in the breech, close the breech lock.
Cont. Page 2. A R I I: I3.‘ e_ V The nan who drove I3. last Ieek Iaa typical of- the civilian nachiniete and neehanice who do the dirty0"‘ work at Aberdeen. Stubby, crinkle-eyed Johnny Day Iaa» Q born on the Aberdeen
reservation. At 34, he has neverhad and never wants a Job other than Qrdnance testing.To rind out how I5 would take shell holes, JohnnyDay drove the tank (at about 15 n.p.h.) up and over twosteep thank-you-Ia'ens.
Before he tackled the first oneJohnny Day said: "You know, it's just possible that thistank may go pants-over-teakettle here. But there's no-thing like finding out, is there!"He horsed I3 into low gear, poured on the coal.The
front end buckled straight up, hung in the air fora nonent, then crashed into the teat pit. The rearend rose about four feet, happily did not go over.Said Johnny Day: ‘God, ehat punishment this nachinecan take!" He and his
tank took it again in theAberdeen Ind bath: a 100-ft. concrete trough, fullof muddy water. Ihen lb hit the water, photographersgot their best shots of the morning, Johnny Day gotsoaked from chin to shin.Also on exhibition at
Aberdeen was a cast-armortank hull ehich nay well revolutionize tank construction.l5's hull took 1,100 nan-hours to fabricate. The ex-perimental hull, cast as a single piece of armor, wascompleted in lOO—ne.n-hours. OPI
Director General IillienS.Knudsen recently inspected a nodel of the cast-armori hull, said: "'.l'hat's the way to build tanks."--.--.gQ° ---- --.- a//
C A S '1‘ A R M 0 U R /MZ0 ,'EXTRACT FROM NOTES OF A MEETING 1;1ELD ON 1-BEE EH54 1941 -ORIGINAL IN MAIN FILEPRESENT: MINISTERS FOR ARMY AND MUNITIONS AND THEIR‘RESPECTIVE
STAFFS.Mr. Essington Lewis: €ou%d—$he queatien-be'takam44+4Hx>11Hn1o£Al==Ghzmbe¥4aén?One other question in connection with tank productionArmoured plate. Again Chamberlain's and Newton's cablesare
contradictory. If the armoured plate had been castin America we would be able to do it here. Mr. Hartnetttold you this afternoon we have had 5 tests on differentKinds of armoured plate. So far as we have gone theyhave
succeeded. As to machineability, we have had noproper tests, but I think it will be reasonably machine-able. The steel companies want to play their part.Despatched a man to America to get all this information,and if they
are doing it in America, then I think we havea reasonable chance of doing it in this country.Col. Watson: I think the cast armour business is one of the brightspots. The tests in Newcastle were extremely good.As regards the
cable which suggests that cast armour wasin its infancy, it is completely wrong. France has beendoing it for years, so have wejrso has Germany. .......ce' (/
C ast Arnxour , '‘Dctract from Notus of a. Illeetiflg 11»,-.l 15th I-‘nay 19141 - oiginal in I='1iI1 filo,’ -Present General Northcott, CGS, and Mr, Hartnntt, with their I'ISpuCtiV8 stuffs,Mr, Bar-tnetb: The last proof shot of Armour
was s~1tisi‘>..ctory md it appears thsib9. sui:E»¢5 [e steel cam b<: pI‘0f1U00d, Straps have been taken to incroaso castingcpmity which should be available by thn and of the yoar,41000010Mr. Hartnett said that casting is
moeptod practice, three typos had been yruducod inFrnce, Colon:-1 Watsorl confi1"r=1od that Franco was producing throo all cast ‘bv1;us two\ yuars -ago, Tho U,l§_ t~_mks wnro not all-cast as thny had rolling capacity
bo"ca.stawkw-¢.rd shapes md joinsd than by flat pl‘i;es_Limrb-Col, Milne: s dd that the Cxmdian tank would have a cast hull snd upper partand than were Qltergmtiva designs for cast or rolled plato lower section, ThoUSA
hus 4» 1-argc toolthg prograrmue c01runi't"\:0d to the M5 sowould not chfmge from rolledplates,
CRF‘./‘.‘I‘IO1\I on .f,§M;'=5\P1}:‘gI_i'j_ g;v;f._;§_ Np Q1;/6 __, - MO1\TIjH_LY 23 T..1vIL1\IT 1/ 5 /59'"iv Fl?__RIk_w:I;I)rl:kJJr:?3VU1:'Pgl1VYi OEI-1‘_1QER[Si,f,_QOMl(‘1IfI'TEi“3 - smouwlvs
PANEL(1)(2)(5)('4)(5)(6)(7)(B)(9)(10)(11)FIRM: Colonial Sugar Refining Coy.’JOB; sm->11, ".F., H.E., 1e Pd:-., Streamline “Hark I/C/PROPOSED 0 '= (for so weeks of 88 hrs) 1°4=»°°°BUILDING:CONTRACT;QBTE 03‘
ELZPZIBT, .D}‘3I¢I_\I'“1_1'i_‘l*i _0fI'?‘_ J§f=l-R5, _03?l)f‘-3:E,DUTPUI _Provided by firm. Construction commenced.10 years term. Draft being prenared by Deputy CrownSolicitor-(a) (Brltiph (b) (For-ei ( ) Australia('7
11739-7 ""'("'7"‘ § 5 97 5%(a) ELECTRIC I1\I13T1‘J,LA’I‘IO1\1. N“ arranged(b) ELECTRI(C) STA.RTT:}R§§_§@_,&;}f{'1TQ§'GF‘.AR_ ETC. FOR; N“ °I‘deI'e‘1COIU Es_ Ministry of Munitions Gauges received Contract
DemandliJ§-L No.59 prepared for remainder "These cover 5 initialsets clue six months’ renlacements ".J___IG.§.n ’ 2-*1 cuomen cHm'r:~1Ls (_B<;:nches, @+.¢,) D6515" n°’° 5’°*-11“te'1=‘Egg: ETC, 10% designed-PL-
.i\._1\'i’l“_ (iO'(31l€_Il‘_ii1h9._11 <;;e£tr1in,elect1"ic _2'Ol.’-OiEl\2_N_0L qR1>iR_;1J BY 1 / 4 5/9(Items ordered wiring month of ~ are underlined in RED)Number‘Nos ofI= Indent M/cs. Description Arrival RemarksG,D. =
Con— etc. \ (ex-tract pected)Demand, ___;_w;;_”_w__~_ _ V, _ ,__V if __ __@-1>- 20 5 _. 1 E?" Ra1@,1sn@;rl9ss1:_q1;§@ 51/Y/59 ' * * n:w+.@n\:.~=2s.e‘ 1'» ' Fiwne; Raleigh 8.211: .¢n1.¢1§.s to . 13 M éené. mhéé. . -
_ -_: . ejérénsvilfiiiifiésiim ,?.1,a1=es~ 30/6/39Tool & Cutter grinding machineQ -c.‘2;%1. - C.D.2@, _~,~4‘~4_-57;l—‘ H !—\ H I-‘ 0-‘I-"Y-‘P-1|-‘l\)l-“I-‘I-‘(ODouble Wheel Tool Grinding 4/0Thresnuilling machinePlain horizontal
milling M/c ders calledDegrca°in§ plantSsndblast plant ders called.Varnish pump,tank & drainingRack.Electric etoving ovens.Fuze hole cleaning machineMuffle furnaceMarking machineCentre lathesScalesAir
compressorPaint equipmentMiscellaneous Chsttels.Plant will be taken over by firm at cost nrice to Tommonwealthi ; 1MOTOT‘ 1 ~11 1. -1" r a b t noL ° ( °°“p1Zn;}‘;i‘%:@%%%;%et Délmand“Pd"20'Q $3-'H0ng prepared
CAST ARMOUR,Extract from the Notes of a mootill-E, hil °11 30th —"~P3"i1 lgltl at which th°r° WW"EH55? Che Ministers for Anny and Mu.niti\\Jns and their rosp'>¢1=iv= staffs-(Full report in Main file!- tnMr. Essinéton
Lewis: I vndwrtwd they Q" castln *1“ ‘“"“°‘“' 1'" '5' ’“»""""Canadian tanks in Canada.. .- ‘ ' ‘UhMr. Forster (Business Member - military Board), I understanding the castings for1T$'C'!'1'5.''i'5n tank are mddo in the United
States,MR. ESSINGTON LEWIS: I am not so much concerned about the___________________castings of plates. If they can do it in the United States, wecan do it here. 3%- "6i*&-n-smi-so-ion-, We are low in stocks of
nickel. The UnitedKingdom has asked whether we cannot release some of the stockswe have on order._ I have told them we cannot. It is true thatin England they have always used nickel in bullet-proof steel.In this country
we have developed a steel which does not use nickel,and I have instructed our metallurgists to see if they cannot pro-duce the steel without nickel suitable for tanks. We have made2—pr. gun barrels without nickel, but the
fact that we have beensuccessful in one thing does not say that we will be successfulin producing a cast armour plate. If we manufacture the platethe way we propose to do it now, it will be difficult to machineand in design
of the tank it will be desirable to reduce as muchas possible the amount of machining required. We are not only, short of nickel but found it extremely difficult to get sufficientsupplies of molybdenum. We have, however, told
our metallurgiststo go ahead and are sending some to the United States to ascertainthe method of steel production by the acid open hearth plan, butso far as the cast armour is concerned, I am not worried, for if' _-war;they
could do it anywhere in the world, we can do it here. £h~..\Mr, YARTNTTT: ........ If we ¢~nn0tmake cast armour the hull can be made by rolled plates around theframe. Cast is the simplest method if you can master the
problemof bringing the plates together. We have had to work in conjunctionwith the Army and when we are given the drawings we have to seewhether the machine hours for production are available. Thewe can handle. I
think, however, we could get over the wholemachine hours for bringing cast plates together may be more than Ap'i K i
problem of the hull. We have taken a census of the casting .1 =‘_,facilities in the Commonwealth. We have had a survey of firmsin Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia and now they wantthe steel to go ahead
with. We have endeavoured to produce thesteel without nickel or molybdenum and on Saturday next we arehaving a trial pouring of the steel made according to the newformula. If it is successful, we could pour about 550
tons ofsteel per week, which could be increased in time as the necessaryinstance,plant becomes available. Bradford Kendall, fOI‘;Q@mpilIQ are putting in Qnew l0-ton electric furnace but it will take four to five months
before the transformerfor this is available. -.-...-."
51fE '§\’@§F§Z»€COP!-ABIDUR FOR IAIKB Thank you for your neuersndun of 28th Aprilin connection with nickel and molybdenum for tanks.The letter of nickel has received the attentionor the Directorate of Supply (Sir
Oclin Preser endllr. H. C. Green) and it hes also had my own personal attention»Ie have recently had e conference with the representstivein Australia at the lone Nickel cenpeny end we think wehave done everything in our
power to obtain nickel suzplienWe are not sbsolutely devoid of nickel but we have novery large stocks.1'he steel makers do not know yet whether it isnecessary to use nickel but I propose writing to tell thenthat if they think it
will benefit their experinents to usenickel end e little molybdenum, then they are et liberty soto do.I reel, therefore, that the matter has been fullycovered and in the circumstances I do not think, at thisstage it will be
necessary to cable Ir. lensies or theHigh éonnissioner in London-It you would care to know more shout the nickelposition I hope you will see Ir. Green to whom I sn sendingcopy or your meeorendun of 28th April together
with copyof this reply.Director-General of Munitionsas/4/41.
._ I t-it§K‘W;iv”? *1 Q, \The facts in regard to alleged failure of Bullet proof steel are that the 'Bullet Proof Steel in production is perfectly satisfactory in every respect and standingup to all tests. Your informant must have
b5\¥n confused. with mi’ that have been started in an endeavour to make -91P@I'1II1B11’9 1\:.'mou;1:-ed. SteelCastings for tanks. This is an entirely new process quite unlcnown hithertoand it will require considerable
experimentation extending ovor months beforesuccess can be regarded as even likc:'\.y. It required considerable optimisn to-srnbark upon it at all. as the objective can be achieved only by trial and errorit is to be expected
that tho first trial :-;houJ.d have failed, and the second and third 'and tenth and twentieth eIp~l‘lm0n‘b also 1116 likely to fail but the fiftieth may besuoces.:fu.l and that 1,;/what the steelmakers are hoping for. They are
pittingthemselves against the world in this endeavour. %<4/Ow/v€ gwl/1/”We;_\?’e
E10¢ O;1v.11(19= 67= 8Av. 810° Ovr*8- O-_-._=V) =-====»=u 023,292 Productiun potential is 8,000 per quarter after 1 7 41, 1,125 ~ A’ vowsea.=~=» _nil~agv. o W \ 2,920,000.=975,000\-=3a..Q;Z(P.T.) e§s2s.ooo24 V »
,;\Not in productlqn, bgtN II‘ E7 F!II llN 9|Production included inII 0N II\ II llN llll WProdetion_he1d up fork14,000‘ “*7,000 empty chées ex Ndvy‘Sodks¢"‘ .can oa arrangg1| IIH HII llII llll IIH.E. Bumbs.;A5" HOE: above.n nn
Qnun- _s,vso ‘”““”“f3 Production dependent Navy Orders = averaged.ll ll II ll IIV _ __ \_;:..- __... ..._..., ~d»Production included in .503 Ball b91QWeProduction included in .303 Tracer balow.
Hun Orr-lcz422 L|T'r|.: COLLINS S-r.V LBOURNE.._,Tnsl. "- nc Aounens"H:MAn'r:" Svonzv.Box 2695 C‘ G.P.O4TEL BO 52D\|3 UNESA nm/(~44,/W / I " $1; H >1/I/.//Zfth February, 19k1. \Essington Lewis,
Esq.,Director43eneral of M itions,83, William Street,MELBOURNE : VIC.Dear Sir:CRUISER TANK PROJECTI enclose copy of letter dated25th instan , addressed to Mr. L. J. Hartnett,setting ou the Stee1works'
understanding of theprocedure 0 be adopted in connection with theCruiser project, and asking for Mr. Hart-nett's nfirmation of same.Yours faithfully,M5\_-——vSM:MHEnc.
tcow“TH BROKEN HILL PROPRIETARY CO. LTD.,A22, Little Collins Street,MLBOURNE,25th February, 19h1.L. J. Hartnett, Esq.,Director Ordnance Production,Ministry of Munitions,83, William Street,MELBOURNE,
0.1Dear Sir:CRUISER TANK PROJECTFurther to your letter of the 19th Febru-ary, in which you ask that my Company push ahead withthe experiments in casting effective armour plate forthe new Australian cruiser tank, I
have now had an op-portunity of discussing this matter with Mr. Grant andMr. Bishop and there appears to be a little doubt asto exactly what is required of us.The position as we see it at present, isas follows :1. The
experimental production of a steel which,when cast into armour, will satisfactorily meetthe ballistic requirements of the Army.2. The actual production of the tank itself,firstly in plain carbon steel for check up ondesign, &c.,
and later the actual production ofthe same unit in cast armour plate.Regarding the first consideration, yourDirectorate has already placed an order for cast armourtest plates on the Commonwealth Steel Company,
Newcastlthe steel for which is to-conform to a specificationwhich will be laid down by Mr. Bishop.The object of placing this order with theCommonwealth Steel is due to the fact that they are ablto make a small test cast of
approximately 2 tons, wheras at the B_H_p, Company's Steel Works a quantity of noless than M0 tons can be made at one time.39QQ-
:2.In connection with this part of the pro-ject, Mr, Bishop has decided on the couposition of steelof which these test plates will be made, and Mr. Bishopis co-operating with the Commonwealth Steel Company forthe
execution of your order at earliest.Regarding the second part of the project,that is, the production of three cruiser tanks in plaincarbon steel - Mr. Bishop's understanding of this wasthat you would arrange to have these
made in Melbourneor Sydney, it being clearly pointed out by Mr. Bishop atthe conference held by Colonel Watson, hat by making thefirst three tanks in plain carbon steel, converters asoperated by McKays, Davies & Baird
and others, could beemployed. These foundries could proceed immediately thedrawings for the cast design were completed. tWe take it, however, from your letter, thatyou are under the ipression that one of these tanks
castin plain carbon steel will be undertaken at my Company'sfoundry in Newcastle, but as we have already explained,whilst we are anxious and willing to help to the fullestpossible degree, it will seriously interrupt our
presentDefence programme on the Steel Foundry to have to do this,and, as far as we can see, no advantage is to be gained,If, after a suitable steel in cast arnnur hasbeen found and the cheek-up on design.proved vide the
mediumof the three plain carbon steel cruiser tanks, you desirethe first real cruiser tank to be made by my Company, weshall be glad to discuss with you the possibility of gett-ing this done. Alternatively, the casting
technique ofthe armour itself in tank castings may be better demon-strated to those who will ultimately undertake its nann-facture, by casting, say, a turret at the Works of theConnmnwealth Steel Company. ' _In short,
therefore, as we see it, our pre-sent work is confined to the supervision of experiments inconnection with the proving of a suitable steel for castarmour plate in collaboration with Commonwealth Steel Com-pany, on whom
the order has been placed, whereas, the pro-duction of the first plakxcarbon steel tanks is to bearranged by yourself among the steel founders of Melbourne,Sydney and elsewhere.
-3-Kindly review this matter and advisewhether you are in agreement.Yours faithfully,THE BROKEN HILL PROPRIETARY COY. LTD
f\v\\5’” JL9’.»1'}‘i!5» _ J; Blrmctt,all-; ~*:»vJi% *1 '_'“.'_ J! J1.‘ °A‘i~*?4 '2‘..., m :2’:-: " m.' “;'::*.r"“ ::.:': '-:::*.."...,.,..,.1' y. II‘: requ ofat Iyitnry tanks I have rcecind Ind nu Ir. hdford,um-=1 Inuit J‘ lrokQ an P21. c».. an am»no at he
'€i1‘I~ mo prwolni. In the s gttad: actiaas an ‘pk has nu-only boa» r0001 ’-njtnntleuin a prclinlnry an and mat a for mica an this pl‘? atnan llreudy tan luppliod to Ir. Ioocluu Ivy the Awrls.“muIitn r rd to the pa-numnl tau the
Italian-luIhem 1: is thcushi 3:26 att-cad tho oontercncu -Ir. Irultordran um I:-. nag nmm, m u first xmhm, ahathis nontornnco by molt. Later an, the quution attam-oasis; the Ital Gov-paw" npruontatiou an mi chm1t lilbltl Quiz-
ahln to :10 la, could than to rattancenl in-ed. “Penug:-you nay agrqo at in the urcunfanthis muldbuthn tanrutoadogtuadl ahoulzlboglalto have year thoughts on the propeul.Diroctor-Cnneral or lunitlonn.11/2/414
I ZMEMORANDUM 5 Z 5‘L, . ’v~,-\/ta _) . ]'P‘From ...... ..lWr e 4/ Me|bnume2“_Q.‘!;.r!'__1.'?.§.l.).§.'.!J._§';!z.1_]-9)-41W We nggiécn PROGRAMME.I have to advise that the correspondence betweenMr. Hartnett and
yourself has been passed on to Mr. Grant,as requested by you.I understand that the proposal for the casting oftank sections and plates has already been receiving‘ attentionin a preliminary way, and I also understand that
Mr. Bishophas submitted e few notes to you but these have not yet cometo hand.Mr. McShane has been asked to let us have a copy ofthe notes as soon as-they are received.with regard to persommel from the Steelworks
whomit is thought might attend the conference, my feeling is thatMr. Bishop, who has done such a good Job to date on investigationsfor Defence work, should, in the first instance, attend thisconference by himself. Later on
the question of increasingour representation as and when it appears desirable to do socould then receive further consideration.LB:SM:NF
,_ ___A >_w__ $7“)N’ Y\,_‘ v>-y’I ‘ ‘J >"_‘ ( ff ‘_> f‘ hi ___1I In __ _ ‘_ mg V
H0/LJH/Nu p 4 .0 MINISTRv UNIT p \ ,§t__;¢ //4,) _~ 1 J.’ N .2? \, “W35SUBJECTQJF H 5“ ‘P tp) r \_‘ e‘ . '2» J! ‘Ht wt 1._\"I ‘ l 41; Fzlru 194 ._ \MENIORAN\$lv1_TO\. “M ‘J ‘ii \\W“'1 ‘K ~\~;*‘ MR .SSIl\l NIQN, i " .-DI Y‘
OR-G ERA or )fUN TIO. . x 5 “" Q ‘ - V ‘ .4 V’ I<> \ Beplyinx 0 m r dn1]Q>f grd F rua on the subect of Steel and its a at f r e manufa e ofMilitary tanks, I am having the A V. §1)vewme$ se io o c ,1 Mr. Merrett. > k -\ \ p 1 ‘ 9
VBriefly the pngilem is mew at t§§ f llow-ing order:— ’ )373..age»~i%*§§§-3a- W Qit.17¢c 5 Q ‘<There are several spools of proven practice, one beingetheHotchkiss cast armour method in which the tank is
divided\intomajor sections such as nose, stern, turret ring, sides, tdpand base; all of the entire units are cast with heavy flangesand bolted together. In the main we favour this, but it isdependent on how well our local bullet
proof steel is cast, andwhether we have sufficient casting facilities.Another approach as employed by United States and sometimesUnited Kingdom, is to cast the nose, stern, turret ring, turretand fill in sides, top and floor
with heavy plate.The third one is to employ plate where ever possible, onlyusing casting on awkward terminal ends and corners.The A.F.V. Section, meaning half Army design andhalf this Directorate, are anxious to see
whether a workout can be madeto cast as much as possible with interlocking flanges to prevent splashand aid in creating rigidity between sections.Briefly we want to know as soon as possiblefrom the steel manufacturers
and fabricators their thoughts as affectinplate and castings.I would like to have your help where practicalto favour as much casting as possible, perhaps of the entire tankhull.LI . HARTNETT ,Director of Ordnance
Production.‘ (‘J /’/fl/.77; 5728
H ~' /'2 2//5'Brd February, 1941.MEMORANDUM FOB:Mr. L. J. Hnrtnatt,QlE§§IQE_QI_Q!EAE§E_£BQE!Q2IQEI have your memorandum or 28th January hav1n€ -reference to the dovdopmunt of splcial steel: in rel: ionto
the manufacture of tanks. _Might I suggest that you let me have an idea ofyour requirements such as :1. Rolling - whether they are in regard to platol,shuetn, section! etc.2. Castings ~ whether they are for steel, non-ferroua
or cant iron, etc.5. Forging - whether they are for drop torgingl,hammer work or press work.Might I also suggest that you conta¢t.Ir. Ierrottand than together we can submit a list of names of menwho could be brought into the
problem-Director-Genoral or Munitions.
;*\iYtulpuoun M III.1"q|.mQ_ mm Annnnn “IuInIv"3? 0slag Q‘ch ALV4 /\ \\ , ‘ _<‘5.<7Q<KQIN! u I bl IXvix J.\ ¢r ..M/ /1 if/My_.\ ii W I 17'/4 if ,4,»/ / ./§8t .oJa-Xuary,!l: e um.f ¢ ygzie/f/‘“ORANDUM 113,? Mr. Essi on L ms, V
b.» I.DIR c RAL OF‘ Méium us. /lI J ‘ '.-‘- ‘J )%oNwEA:;' ‘EF Au‘/l\:r_gA;1 zmo. M. K; v / I/1 vi -H"":"" 1""/I/ ‘ r / *‘ V/0 {~1::‘§ W uni» B/Q1,‘ i I .|.K U /Ki”)/y V1‘ ((/' A r ~ ‘,1 &A ‘G ; V‘ ,(:9 ' , \?‘ /(VJOne of the major problemlg~r'-
ic&’Lw st V‘ Niface up to in@e very near future is the d elopmegqwof . yspecial Steels - rolling, casting, forging technique and /fthe like - related to the manufacture of Tanks. if JAlthough all concerned are doing it ,//I
,./Iexcellent Job, I feel the problem is of such large proql‘ I-.'portions that it would be very helpful if you would call ‘Qtogether all those technical executives in the Steel in;-"‘ Idustry, and also technical Principals of firms
capable’ * ‘ '49’of casting, forging and the like so that we could outliw Jthe problem and its dimensions, and stimulate as much r_ __/'search as is possible. " ' 'siderably.Such excellent work has already been ,/done with the
development and production of ABP5 Plate .that I feel quite confident that we can overcome theproblem on Tanks, but, undoubtedly, it will mean spendingsome money in experiments and special effort.With your extensive
and intimate know-ledge of the Steel industry, I know that you could namethe men who would step up to this problem, and withyourself in the Chair at the meeting it would help con-If you would nominate the men, andkindly
agree to this meeting, I will carry out thenecessary arrangements.L. rtnett,Director of Ordnance Production
S3;COPY. - mm BROKEN 1111.1. PROPRIETARY 00.1.12.3 1.1 ' mam an STEEL WORKSMEICASTLE.Qmgmmu am February, 1o41.VThe Director-General of Iunitions,Western House,83 William Street, - C-1~Dear
Sir,A.FJT. sncnon - onnumcx PRODUCTIONDL13§_I~!-'_9<=@11§f.LEL_-.E.»._.‘?»AB,<>llIL|EY'$ BELLI Iish to acknowledge receipt of your letter ofthe 51st January, 1941, concerning Ir. Bromley's visit here,and am
attaching hereto, copy or my letter to Ir. F.J. Woodward,Superintendnt, A.F.V. Section, which sets out the ground coveredin discussion with Ir. Bromley.Yours truly,Sgd. L. GRANT.H a n a g e r.
COPY. THE BROKEN HILL PROPRIETARY COY. LID.IRON & STEEL WORKS: IEICABTLE.QQEEQEIIAL 5th February, 1941 .llr. F. J. Ioodward,Superintendent,A.F.V. Division,Ordnance Production Directorate,10 Queen
Street, -Dear Sir, lessrs. Bromley and Close oi’ your Section, arrivedhere yesterday, as advised, and discussed the Cruiser TankProject with various of my Officers. _The preliminary blue prints of the tank were
examinedand a number or modifications suggested to Ir. B1-omley. Thesemodifications were put forward to facilitate the productionof sound castings, particularly as regards the turret, noseand driver's compartment, and
were confined largely to theelimination of sharp sectional changes etc. which might be likelyto lead to foundry defects, such as hot tears, porosity, warpingetc. In no instance was any radical alteration suggested, andthe
general outline is unchanged.The matter of actual production was raised byllr. Bromley and we were advised that the immediate aim isten tanks per week, whilst the Army actually quires seventeenper week, with a first
schedule of eight hundred and sixty units.The tank, as you know, weighs approximately twentytwo tons, of which the hull constitutes sixteen to seventeen tonsseventy rive per cent of which represents castings, or a
hundredper cent if the side plates are also cast, as werecommended.This involves a weekly casting output of120/160 tons for ten tanks or 209/272 tons for seventeentanks, and the turret casting itself, dressed and
finished,weighs as much as three and a half tons.
45/i/1941 Cruiser Tank Project '; ‘You will appreciate that the potential sources ofsupply of such castings in Australia are limited in the extreme,since a foundry could only undertake production in part, orwhole, providing it
met the following requirements :-1.2.5.4.Possessed an electric or Open Hearth Melting nit.Had a Laboratory and Test House to check compositionand the physical condition of each casting forproofing purposes.Had a well
designed and large Heat Treatment Departmentfor the refinement of the armour after casting.Possessed adequate machining facilities for drilling,planing, etc., of the castings in the annealed stateand prior to heat
treatment.Further, the design makes use to the fullest extent,of the matching of cast surfaces, and this demands extremeaccuracy of patterns, standard conditions of moulding, contractionand pouring, in fact, perfect
standardisation of melting,casting and annealing so as to ensure that one piece will matchits fellow. For these various reasons, the project seems tocall for a central plant equipped with Foundry, Heat Treatmentand
Machine Shops, and it is felt that the tank project, atleast as far as the hull is concerned, does not lend itself tofarming out, and serious consideration for the provision of awhole plant must therefore be given.It must also be
borne in mind that the steel itselfdemands special attention, since it is not mild but a highgrade alloy, the melting and casting of which, evemdnto simpleshapes, require: care and experience.We understand that within two
months it is desiredto have the patterns completed and a set of hull castings readyfor assembly and, in this connection, Mr. Bromley asked whetherwe would be prepared to undertake this first set. Apropos ofthis, it was
pointed out that our Steel Foundry is already over-taxed and to a great extent on urgent Defence work, such aspress castings, etc., but we are prepared to produce the patternsand castings for the first hull if it is so
desired.It must be appreciated, however, that our capacityis quite inadequate to deal with the regular production of tankcastings, and since most other electric steel foundries operatingin Australia are similarly placed, the
provim.on of a centralplant urgently commends itself.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII------------Yours truly,Manager
F5/2/1941P.S.Cruiser Tank ProjectAs the production of castings for the first hullwould considerably upset our programme which islargely for Defence, this matter will be furtherdiscussed with you during the visit of Mr.
Bishopnext week.
$[.-'7'GOP! January 7th, 1941.I have collected these details of Cast Armour Plate and hope1 they will give you something to look over until I get a chanca towork on this Job thoroughly.There has been no chance, so far, to
bring Simmons in on this,but I hope to get considerable help from him in the mar future.AHC:HG A.i-1. CI-11‘+;1IB."3Iu.»\"‘I1~1 .
I1SECRET 5th January, 1941.CAST AR.-IOUR PLMPE FOR BRITISH TANKSDETAILS OF COM.‘ -LEITIONS, 8.1;’? 1‘RE1&‘1‘l-1IPl\T:I‘, ETC.,USED B 1' IVFJ AI.'1”.~..? [CAN FIPMS . *1
AIIHIGAN STEEL IGTNDRIES\Analysis Basic Open Hearth end Acid Electric Steel» Special‘ Deoxidizer Type oflo ( per ton ) ArmorO In Si P S Cr.1 ,Type ofSteelL lax. lax.\ .20 1.10 .40 .035 .035 5.00 .40 2§ZA1
Heavy\..Baeie OpenHearth1/3+“ .45 .60 .40 .035 .035 1.20 .70 2§;QA1 LightAcidElectric‘ Heat Treatment of Heavy Armor1Burn heads and rieere frm foundry while hot.1825° F. for 8 - 10 hours. Air Cool.12oo° F. for 4 hours.
Air Cool.Clean, finish burning and weld.l623°F. for 2 hours. Air Cool.ll65°F. - 1l75°F. for 6 hours. Air Cool.Total time at temperature: 20 - 22 hours.Heat Treatment of Light ArmorBurn heads and risers from foundry while
hot.l825°F. for 4 hours. Air Cool.125O°F. for 4 hours. Furnace Cool to 900°F.Clean and weld-l550°F. for 2 hours. 011 quench.‘ ll0O°F. for 4 hours. Air Cool.‘ Total time at temperature: la hours-\0 — 2Light Armor 350 -Brinell
HardnessHeavy Armor 23 60l
CONTINENTAL ROLL AND S'!.'KH.- FOUNDRY COMPANYAnalysis Acid Electric and Acid Open Hearth SteelC In Si P S Cr IO NiSpecialV Dooxidizor, Max. Max. __ (per ton)\xzType ofArmor.33 .60 .35 .040 .040 1.25 .60
1.50 .15 23¥A1!.45Heavy=45 -30 v40 .040-O40 1.20 .70 — -Light1 Aluminium only used in acid electric steel. No aluminium in acid open hearthsteel.Heat Treatment of Heavy ArmorBurn heads an risers from foundry while
hot.l800°F. for 12 hours. Air cool.i225°F. for S hours. Air Cool.Clean - weld.l600°F. for B hours. Quench in water (lOG°F.)-1i8O° - l225°F. for 12 hours. Furnace cool to 600°F.Total time at temperature: 40 hours.Heat
Treatment of Light ArmorBurn heads and risers from foundry while hot.l825°F. for 4 to 6 hours. Air Cool.155o°r. on quench.lO5O° - ll50°F. for B hours. Furnace cool. ’ (F at .\_,,__-\\., ‘Brinell HardnessHeavy Armor 255 —
269Light AIMOP 563 - 4011
\1vu/2 'GENERAL S'1'E$L GASIDGS CORPORATIONAnalysis Basic Open Hearth SteelSpecialG In S1 P S Gr Ho Deoxidizor Type ofMax. Max. (par ton) Armor,28 .60 .27 .030 .030 2.25 .55 23¢ Al Only heavy ‘'ea ' utm of
dear! Armord t ‘Ire antBurn heads and risers from foundry "while hot.- 195o° - 2ooo°F. for 10 hours. Air cool.12000 - 1225011. for 4 hours. Air cool.Clean - we].-1.l650°F. for 1 hours. Oil quench (may use waterquench 80° -
lOO°F¢)11500 - 125001". for 4 to 6 hours. Air cool.Total time at temperature: 22 - 24 hours.Brinell Hardness 'Heavy Armor 251)\/1//
LEBANON STEEL FOUNDRYAnalysis Acid Electric SteelC In Si P S Gr Io V HiSpecialDcoxidizer(pg: ton),? ;Type ofArmor.27 -40 -30 .035 .035 1-25 -50 .10 3.2516 oz. AlHbavy-45 -40 .}O .055 -O35 1.25 -50 .20 3-2516 oz.
AlLight‘Heat Treatment of Heavy and Light Anmorl200°F. for 4 hours. Air cool.Clean and burn while hot.2000°F. for 10 hours. Air cool.Sandoblast - weld.1550 F. for 4 hours. Oil quench-ILOOO to LZOODF. for 20 hours. Oil
quench.Total time at temparature: 33 hours.Brinell HardnessHeavy Armor 230 — 270Light Armor 375 - 420
SIVYKR 91'!!!-L CASTIR} COMPANYAnalzsis Acid Eloctrio SteelSpecial0 lln Si P S Cr lo V Ni Deoxidizer_ ( per ton)_ -Q.yType ofArmor _-)5 ~50 .45 .055 .055 1.29 .55 .1-1 1.50 10 0i..Al.40Heavy.45 .80 .40 -O}5 .035 1.20
.70 — - 10 OZ.AlLightHeat. Treatment for Heavy Armor127501‘. for -5- hours. Burn off heads and risers.1.850°F. for 10 hours. Air cool.l2’75°F- for 6 hours. Air cool.Clean - weld.l55O°‘.". for hours. Oil quench.i1.5O° —
1200 for 6 hours. Air cool-Totnl time at tempareture: 32 naura.Heat Treatment for Light Armor1275°r. for 4 hours.185o°r. for 8 hours.l275°F. for 6 hours.Clean - weld.1.55O°F. for g hours. Oil quench.13Burn oft heads and
risers.Air cool. _Air cool.1o5o° - 1100 for 6 hours. Air cool.Total. time a temperature: 28 hours.Brinsll HardnessZ___..¢---————Heavy Armor 250 - 275Light Armor 360 - 400‘_l&a
/C In SiTHE SYIIIDTON GUILD CORPOBATIGIAnalzsis Acid Electric StoolSpecialP S Or lo DaoxidizorMax. Max. (per ton)Typo of Armor-4° -75 -35.040 .040 1.50 -70 3 lb. AlHeavy-40 -75 -35.040 .040 1.50 .70 3 lb.
AlLightHeat Freqtment Heavy and Light Armor16oc° - 165o° F. for 4 hours. Air cool.Sand blast.12oo° - 125o° F. for 4 hours. Air cool.Burn - weld.l85O°F. for 10 hours. Air cool.15o0° - 1550°F. for 4 hours. 011 quench10750 -
ll75°F. for 5 hours. Air cool.Total time at temperature: 27 hours.rinell Hardnessi-i.i_.._iHeavy Armor 260 — ZOOLight Armor 560 - 390
UNION STEEL CASTIHBSAnalysis Acid Open Hearth SteelSpecialS Cr Mo Ni DeoxidizorMax. (par ton)C In S1 PM5101Type orArmor.}B -50 .35 @035 .035 1.25 .40 3.25 NonaOnly heavyrieat 'l‘reat:nent of Heavy
Armorburn heads and risers from foundry while hot.2o»o°F. for 1.0 hours. Air cool.1200°F. for 6 hours. Air cool.Clean - weld.1/1500?. for 4 hours. Air cool.uo.° - l200°F. for 10 hours. 1.11» cool.‘Fowl time at temperature: 50
hours.Brinell HardnessLL85-W] i»Z‘.’IAQI 25.) - 275
WEHR STEEL GQEPANYAnalzsia Acid Electric SteelSpecialG lln Si P S Gr Ni Mo Dooxidizer, (per ton), rType ofArmor.4'1 .70 .42 .017 .028 1.15 1.9} .66 2 lb. A].Heavy.45 .30 .40 .017 .028 1.20 - .70 2 lb. A1.LightHeat
Treatment 1-isuv_y__A‘:rmcr165003‘. for 8 hours. Eurnace cool to 900°Y.Clean and burn »».ar::1.18oo°F. - 1550°§. for 5 hours. Air cool.16oo° - 165o°r. for 4 hours. Cool to 600° - 8oo°r.Sleag and weld.1.550017. for 1
huurs. Air cool.1125 - 12oo° F. for 5 hours. Furnace coal.brinell HnrinessHeavy Armor 286 - 293
. '7 513_ \>§Ordnance Production Directoratek.F.V. Division10 Queen Street.. I0:AIV:PJI:I‘!‘SECRET.24th Jamary 1941.Through Department ct External Affairs.Ir. Alan H. Chamberlain,C/o at. Hon. a. 0. cuoy, n.s.o.,
1.0.,Australian Iinieter to the U.8.,Lultralian Legation,Iaahington, D.G. U.S._A.Dear Mr. Chamberlain,Attached hereto are copyor a letter and enclosure dated January 2nd,from Ir. L. Grant, Ianager of Broken H111
Pty.,Newcastle, I.8.I., which are self-explanatory.Yours very truly,F. J. IoodiardSuperintendentArmoured Fighting Vehicles.
';“a-COHFIDEITIAL:The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited.Iron & Steel Iorks.CAST AND ROLLED ARIOUR PLATE:Ir. Chamberlain's letter to Ir. Hartnett - Dec, 1940.The information given by Ir. Iacregor, who comes
from the steelcompany of Scotland, to Ir. Alan Chamberlain, is of considerableinterest, although much of the information which we would like toobtain has not been included.Dealing with the letter, point for point, I wish to
comment asfollows:-1. ROLLED PLATE:It is noted that the conventional type of bulletproof and armour qualit steel is still being used. In otherwords, the Hadfields l-g- Resistor appears to be the basis ofboth rolled and cast
armour plate.Apart from a small addition of vanadium, the reason for theaddition of which has not been given, the steel is exactly thesame as the many samples examined from time to time, and issimilar to that used for the
original Bren Gun Carrier by theCommonwealth Steel Co. Limited.This steel, as you know, develops its ballistic properties byoil hardening and tempering, and the details of the temperaturesused, as given by Ir. lacregor, are
very similar to those employedfor the Bren Gun Carrier steel.It is noted, however, that from the same steel, a machinable armouris produced, as well as a non-machinable, the latter being presumablythe "Homo-Hard" steel
referred to in the ballistic curves.Whilst it is appreciated that the steel can be made machinable bytempering back to approximately 650°C. as against the 450°C. usedfor the non-machinable plate, the essential ballistic
differencesbetween the hard and machinable plate have not been stated, and weare very interested, to know what these differences actually are.2 CAST ARMOUR PLATEHere again, the conventional nickel
chromemolybdenum steel is used, but a slight increase in carbon is allowedfor to offset the thicker sections used in heavier armour. This isa normal metallurgical point, although, of course, the increase incarbon would
emphasise the welding difficulties which are alreadycharacteristic of the nickel chrome molybdenum steels.As to the casting characteristics of the steel, the method outlinedis very similar to that envisaged here for cast steel
turrets, butthe type of thermal treatment given to the castings, after removalfrom the moulds, is entirely dissimilar from what I had imagined weshould carry out here.I am completely at a loss to understand the reference to
raising thecasting after being annealed at 620°C. to the high temperature ofl200°C. and, although this is stated to be a homogenizing treatmentand to allow for the diffusion of certain phosphides and sulphides,this
explanation appears to me to be not even satisfactory from atheoretical point of view, much less a practical one.It is my opinion that by holding the casting at this temperature formany hours, the grain size would be so badly
coarsened as to defy anysubsequent refinement by oil hardening and tempering. Indeed, it iscommonly known that if a steel is so highly heated as to be nearincipient fusion, it is practically impossible to break down
thecoarse crystal structure, except by hot work, which is, of course,utterly impracticable in a casting of this type.
t -2-I am wondering whether l200°C. is not, therefore, a typographicalerror and should read l200°F.3. The report now reverts to rolled steel plate and digresses tosome extent on ballistic characteristics versus Brinell
hardess.In this regard it is interesting to note that a warning is soundedas to dogmatising on Brinell hardness ranges and, indeed, thisamply bears out our experience here when we know very well thatBrinell hardness is
only a safe indication when some predeterminedand proved method of production, during rolling, has been carefullyfollowed.4. Some mention is made of the fact that in British practice basicelectric steel or acid open hearth
is specified, and the basicopen hearth is definitely frowned on.Ihether this desire to use acid steel is another evidence ofBritish conservatism, I am unable to say, but the fact thatAmerican manufacturers are utilising the
basic open hearth and areapparently getting satisfactory results, speaks for itself.As far as Australia is concerned, the acid open hearth capacityis extremely limited and we should object most strongly to beingtied down to
the use of this method for the production of steelsfor armour plate. (A.B.P.3 is produced entirely by the basicopen hearth process).5. It is interesting and gratifying to know that in tank thick-nesses 25/75 mm. thick,
carburised armour plate has given way tothe homogeneous type and that the latter steel is found to be inno way inferior as regards protection to the more elaboratelyproduced case hardening steel.6. In view of this, there is
no need to comment on the non-homogeneous type of armour about 100 mm. thick and upwards, thetreatment of which, as set out in Ir. Chamberlain's letter, isby no means clear. There is one significant fact, however,
andthat is that the thickness range used for tanks is too great tocompletely dip for quenching. 'This indicates that Lysaght's mist sprays were most definitely astep in the right direction for the controlled cooling of platesof the
order of ll mm. thick and upwards, and it further indicatesthat this method of production, providing it is followed by alowtemperature draw, will probably meet the requirements as regardsplant for thicker armour for tanks.Here
again this statement cannot be regarded as being the finalword, but from what Lysaght's have already done, and from whatIr. Chamberlain says, it holds considerable tromise for futureproduction as regards simplicity.As
stated, the report is informative and interesting, butdefinitely lacking in detail. It is felt that as soon as thenecessary guns and ammunition are provided for testing of armourof tank thicknesses, the Job can be progressed
with at a satisfactoryrate.G. H. BISHOP.NEWCASTLE.2nd January 1941.
1-\\ARMOUR,The Gen-ar 1 "“'u .>\,v<i‘f ."-i,ecii‘io=at'Lon of December ].9l+0 {copy in min file)stated:" xmovz _8, Ar‘m0ur on *-\ 50 mm basis is remxired as soon as industr can moduce thisJ II II A Ithibkness, The trmn basis
means tint ~r\¢rticul L>l&tuS 11.1», those which $1shell might sbrik» wt nonrml, are oi‘ the thibk ‘ 'ness quoted wlule Hcdoul-xtud reduut‘ ’111 tn_1c1~.ness 1s 111;-Iliad to slo in 1 '. ' 101I , P 5 {J 111795 which are not likely
to receive a hitHt nonnal,'nltlllabiAt -\ confur@nc¢ betwaem Um Gen~.r'+\]. T-t:=i'f md the Ordzmnoe roduQti0g1Di1"‘J'°t°T‘“-t° 'P~\'*l'~1 0?" 2951 N°V¢1‘lb91‘ 1?’.-9 ‘I0 discuss thv: General Staff Sr»\1(;i.f'i cationnoted ~’-
‘~‘~‘"\-‘"9: it.W"‘-S 5901594 that thu .krmoLu‘ r0\'1\1i1'od shuuld be of ex timi ckness togi\/e Pl‘uteOt"u11. ~~‘uival¢nt §O run armour 1;-1>a'bQ_
<1SECRET - 1 -6/1/41-“.33I have arranged visits to noet of the firms making emor steelrolled and cast, and em taking Simone with ne. Simmons is emetellurgist from Small Ans Factory at Lithgow and is returning
toAustralia as noon as we get through this armor job. I intend toair-mail complete report and Simmons can bring beck first handinformation.From my conversations with U.S. Amy engineers I feel sure that theywill go over
much more to cast armor but they will not show Dewar orme any drawings so far.The French "Rotchkise" taxm is a cast job and I am trying to get thedrawings.The "Hotchkiss“ is a very well engineered tank, and Ainsworth
who is(or wee) managing director of "otchkise" Paris, has a set of drawingswhich he got out of France. He is now with the Dewar mission and hasnot brought these drawings to the office but I have seen them at
hishotel.Aineworth is (I em told) negotiating with U.S. War Departm nt with aview to having them build this tank and pay him a royalty. I mayhave some difficulty in getting the drawings. The above seems hard tobelieve but it
is true nevertheless. Will make every effort to getthese drawings as they would be a real help and a splendid addition toour collection in Autrelia.
‘Kcast swarm. g‘ \ KFhlbraot f!'<)m Fr, C1/l>Ju'b8I‘l'1.i1'1'S letiiel‘ of 27th Nov-znber 19l(OEverybody associated with tank hull manufacture is in trouble withfabricating the hulls from emcr plate and it leeks a cernintyyr
caetconstruction. There has beta no time to_c‘_heek Whit (it Isl takeweeks) but we have an armor kepeoieliat here in the office, and 1 gotfrom him a preliminary 3111155 There is every chance that we can do abetter Job in
Australia! than heme. -I"hpv“e'tolri" ’6hQ_l‘hQIO (and Watson,too) that we can make any "type of steel ih Australia very well, but havenot told them that we can develop any new steels.Extract fr~o.r- Dir, Ch 1n.ber1~,in':= 1-
,—‘b\;e!' of léth Decenilt-er l9L;O,Re V'.1I6~ntima "tank being made in C‘=|]\',s,(lL1.The Hull is one of the main troubles, and as they cannot, 50far, get all the steel sections in armor plate. 17119?! 51-'9 making all the
partsfqr 0;; gm}; (to zest their Jigs) using armor plate where available and mildsteel otherwise.There are new halved Joints, most of which are under 1(-ma Mhave to fit.The distortion during heat treatment prevents the
machining operationsbeing carried out when the steel is soft. Ihen heat treated, the platespecified can only be machined> at 15' per minute and a lot of this work has tobe done on a planing machine. The 0.1-‘.R. have
brought in planers from theirshops in other parts of we country until they new have about 25 big huslqmachines of this type to put on the Job.'l'heir chief engineer checked the planing time on one sub-assembly, andfound
that it alone would take twenty planers working $ hours per day (they saythey can get 20 effective hours out of 24) to machine enough of these assembliesfor three tanks per day. (Their hoped for output in December 1941).
The numberof planing machines required for all the work of this type on their proposedoutt is prohibitive so they intend carrying out some experiments with a Viewto hining before heat treatment. They are going to try heat
treating thearmor plate standing on edge in the furnace with several sheets bolted togetherwith distancen pieces on the bolts.They will lift this unit out of the furnace, keeping the plates onedge and quench the same way. If
the plates keep flat (they are not too optimistic)it will enable them to machine when in the soft state at very much higher speed.E2I1?‘3;£111»/ti»-1{f(/gel
_— 1;“-"’ ._ _ ___ \Z‘ CAST ARIVTQUR,_/ ,» \ * .Continue-tion of Fr. Ch‘.mbet‘l-'1in'5 letter of 16th December 19l;0 L ? tanks at the proving ground have only thin amor ( the futureJobs are e ier) and with their relatively low
weight and a maximum B.H.P.or 300 (uiberson radial diesel) they have a splendid performance. ‘rim dieselhas a good torque curve and pulls up quite steep grades in high gear. The gearratio and engine governor is set for
55 I-.P.. in high, and it cruises contort-ably at this speed on the rubber tracks without a great deal or noise. Ibelieve this Job will do better than 40 m.p.h. ‘me U.S. Army engineers consideranything under 20 B.B.P. per ton is
just plqing with tank building. 'At Aberdeen they have many types oi’ engine and many types of tank, andactual tests have pmved that 20 B.H.P. per ton is necessary for real performance.There is no substitute for B.H.P. in
these things and we will have to use atleast 400 to do s good job in our cruisers. ‘Hue controlled differential steeringon the ll2A4 is nov built with a ratio between tracks of 1 to 1.65, and it steersexcellently. The turning radius
is quite mall enougi for quick msnoeuvering inclose spaces. Even when the turn cannot be mde in one swing, and reverse has tobe used (this is very seldom) the time loss is_-very mall.mink we should adopt the I5 Medium
running gear and track and will sendthe drawings as soon as available and a sample complete set of parts as soon as Ican get than.Hull built up from tour cast sections, i.e. two complete side plateswith well rounded
corners and curred surfaces, front centre section and rear centresection which would be partly ranovahle for access to engine. Projecting floingson sides could be cast in one piece to provide places to bolt on running gear
etc..I h-we see-‘= wt Cox-'m1o1;~/e-alth Steel C15-tillszs CO1”!-'01"*ti°n “~11 e>?i’@Ti-"$3t“1Gist topfof th, hull ,1‘ 1;11-= LIE Cruiser '11-.d =1l'thou5h it looks 'bez‘ri¢>le it is;-_ step ":1~ich '-ill probably "P-~ followed 111“.
3,__§133_;>9_;f5 gjogei-ding _\i1no\lr for Talks, sent out by M1‘. A,H, chambvrlil 1'1'°"* 11.5.11.EGRET (A.) 27th November, 1940. QM!’ §-1-Here is the story on armor as told to me by llacgregor, who comesstraight out of
a Steel Company in Scotland where they have been makingarmor for a number of Britain's tanks and ships:The rolled plate as used non is of the following analysis:Carbon .27 to .31Manganese .35 to .45Silicon .2 to
.3Nickel 3.25 to 3.75Cromium 1.25 to 1.75Molybdenum .5Vanadium .08 to .16Sulphur andPhosphorus are kept below .03For thin armor (up to P) this is heat treated by oil quenching from840°C. and tempering at 200°C. for
a short time to give a "Brinell"reading of 440 to 480. Same armor can be given oil quenching from84o°c. and tempered at 62o°c. to give a "Brinell" of 320 to 360 formachinable armor.This composition and first heat treatment
has been used on British lighttanks for welded construction and is to be machined barons heat treatmentif machining is required. For a heavier armor the same composition isused with the same heat treatment (quench
840°C. and tempered at 620°C.)to give "Brinell" of }00 to 350.For cast armor a higher carbon content is used. (Thicker the sectionthe higher carbon).Carbon .3 to .4Manganese .4 to .6Silicon .2 to .3Nickel 2.75 to
3.75Cromium .8 to 1.5Molybdenum .4 to .7Liilphur .03 max.Phosphorus .03 max.These castings are heat treated to give rather lower "Brinell" thanrolled plate of same thickness and heat treatment is rather more
involved.After the casting has been removed from the mould it is annealed at62O°G., gates and rises removed at this point with oxy cutting. Raiseas near to l200°G. as possible to give a homogenizing treatment
duringwhich time there is a certain amount of ditiusion of phosphidee andsulphides, and e tendency for better distribution of segregates and otherimpurities. After holding at a homogenizing temperature for severalhours,
cool in air or furnace, whichever is convenient. Now give fullheat treatment which is used with slight variations in different plantsbut is based on the following:Where the high carbon is used with large Quantities of alloying
elements
/ .’ (A) “- 2 ;these steels are air hardening and it is assumed that to avoid distortionit is necessary to air cool from the hardening temperature.In the case of the lower carbon steels and lower alloy steels en oilquench is
necessary to obtain the uniform hardening effect. Which everhardening process is used the castings have to be tempered at about 620°C.and so far the most successful hardness ranges for casts of 50 to 75 mm.
class,have proved to be 270 to 320.It is unwise to be dogmatic about hardness ranges for cast armor, but largefoundries should aim at producing plates over a range and endeavour toestablish which end of "Brinell" to work
as a result of ballistic tests.So far the best results with armor steels have been achieved with steels madein basic electric furnaces and the acid open hearth. This is the Britishpractice. The Americans, in addition, are using
basic open hearth, butthis is frowned on by the British. Case hardened armor is going out offashion, even in the U.S.A., the reasons being as follows:In tank thicknesses (25 to 75 mm.) the case hardened armor is difficultto
produce as it comes half way between the case hardening alloy steels andnaval armor made from about ioo mm. upwards. In the former case with thisrelatively thin armor (about 20 mm.) the simple dip hardening can
beadopted after carburizing, thereby obtaining a high "Brinell“ on the face,(Over 600) and a lower "Brinell" on the back (about 350).With naval armor made in about l00 mm. upwards, after carburizing, adifferential treatment
is given in which the face develops and a hardnessof about 600 "Brinell", and the back is kept down to under 300. With theseheavy sections the plate is heated in a special furnace and in such a waythat the carburized face
is much hotter than the other side and is thencooled by water sprayed on it. with thickness range used for tanks theplates are too thick to completely dip for cooling, and not thick enoughto get a sufficient variation in heat of
either side of plate to adopt thesystem used on the heavy naval armor.Another reason for the unpopularity of case hardening armor is that thereare difficulties in fabrication (flattening etc.) which are beyond thecapacity of
most firms and therefore rapid war-time expansion of manufactureis impossible. It is considered by Macgregor (armor expert with Dewervsgroup) that it takes at least two years of development, even if technicaldata is
supplied, for a concern to produce satisfactory case hardening ennor.In prevailing tank thicknesses (1 to 3") even if well mace, casehardening armor does not perfonn in a manner outstandingly different fromhomogeneous
plate against the modern solid shot, especially when it (theshot) is capped.British stsndards for castings show the adoption of about 15% thickersections by comparison with rolled plate. It seems that, however, with
theimprovements in technique that have taken place, these figures may bereduced to 5 or 10% (the standard is a bit old).1,, L‘ I
.~a ‘ VIM’;. _- \t~ ABhd Septber, 1941.TAIK PRODUCTIOI.IEIORAIIDUI: \The Director-General of Iuniticne.since the conference on Tank Production oi‘ the 10thinstant at Victoria Barracke, additional into:-nation hae
beenobtained regarding -(1) existing production capacity tor the manufactureor tank conponente in Auetralia;(2) the eupply or conaponente parte for '1‘ankAC2 andthe general eituation in America;(5) the performance
characterietice oi‘ the GI 6-'71Dieeel engine proposed aa the power unit ofTank AC2;(4) the poeeible use or Pratt 6= Whitney eingle-roeweep enginee in Tank AC1.' 1. Productive Capacity.In accordance with the requeet
made at the conferenceon the 10th inatant, a review otipctential gear-cutting capacityin Ree South walee hae been made b 'thie Division in conjunctionwith the Board or Area Management {R.S.I.) with the view
ofaecertaining the poaeibilitiea of producing the modified typeor trananiaeion propoeed for Tank AC1 by the uee of exietingcapacity.Thie review has dieoloeed that, baeed on a rive-day -week of three ehifte per day, there ie
gear-cutting capacityavailable to the extent of qaproxinately 4,000 houre per week.This capacity ie not being ueed at all at the preaent tine, dueto the fact that many eorlrehopa are only operating on a eingleehirt baeia. The
Ihcb oi‘ thia capacity ia not euitable forthe production of geare for tanke but the latest inveetigationcontinue that there ie eufricient gear-cutting capacity for theproduction or five t anamieeion aete per week. A proportionof the
remaining capacity would also be euitable it arrangenentecould be made for the procurement of the additional labourrequired.The Railwaya Department (LBJ) hae alao confirmedin writing their ability to rough-machine
eufricient oclnponentetor five gear boxea per week.2. Conponenta Parta for AC2.cabled advioee from our repreeentativee in Americaand a telephone convereation with Ir. A..Chamberlain indicate -(a) Lend Lease
requieitiona have been placed forenginee, tracka, groueere, eprocketa, bogie Iheelerime and tyree, ball and roller bearinge, brakelininga, turret traveree and tranemiaeion unite.(b) Actual orda re have not yet been placed on
‘manufact-urers for these components by the U.S. authoritieaand, in fact, nay not be placed tor aaae wueke.‘L 4.
P\0II‘I~<I.-Qaotationsaronorboing raquastsdtrulaxntactxarcrsby 0.8. Ordnmoo Deparhlat.R)255%§%§§g§Esg51%;?siiiéi"E 3by tho 17.3. authoritiesonphasiaed that IO must consider om-salvca1get mything.(6) Dalivory
dates oi‘ couponcnts oi‘ any kiwi arcquite indotszninotc. lore intoonticn Iill ho avail-ahlo man orders arc actually plscod on mmtacturerabut this say not ba until tho uiddle ct IovaermhsathlnoILcndLoasospps~opo-iatim is
oxpeetsdtobe5:-antoch In tho neantins no denite oolinry dstoscan be given.E=a(e) British authorities in haerica have cablod theirau<iorsenantotA02toliniatoro£8upplyinLou|I.on.0.8. authoritiss lava also approvcd the A02
projact.Wehavsboanunahletoobtainsnydetailsasto tbnduro of those apps-ovala, hovovcr. Io intonation isavailable to indicate Ihcthc the prcgoct has simplybaenamrovsdasawhole orshethori hasbeonexsslnadin datail by
exporicnaod technical officers or tho V-8.Aroq and andorsod by than as a satisfactory tank mit.(1') Sources of an or tho most inportmtcomponents or Tut yat boon lcoatod. beproductive capacity Ooupsnq tor ue _m£aat-
uraotgearbozoshas ovarbytbstficeotProduction t advice Ill thatondeavours were b laok Gcnpsny to sub-contract the nu-1: anmer Company.(g)'1'bsdraIinga forocrtsin orthoparts thatarverequiredtonatchwith
thosatobaludehau-can;arrive inthenear mtm-ofronlasrica, hutothcrswillnot ho rccaived until tbs ordors arc actually plaosdby the umuo States Administration. In we xscsntinetho Drawing Offico work is neooasarily at a
standstilland has bean for some weeks.3- P0 -.._._!;-» ;.,:1_.-.1) . .. ~ l ' ,-,. ._ '»‘;~.¢_e_Pu:-thar tosta hue bean aonuo lDiesel angina in an snoeavoor to imp:-ova In torque oharaotoristies.The Autmotivo hginsering Paul
was also requastod to ausnincthe engine am! tho test ocnxiitions in tho hope that sac improve-nant or the angina portorname could ho ettectao. A niar ofsuggestions Iae snrlo by the Panel and tnrthsr tosta
oovndmtedwithout suocaas.855 aai§E§§E§§-1 .égsgggiEaE2ZLottors received by General Iotors-Eoldan's Ltd. trontheir prinoipalc indicato that the torque characteristics asshoIn on tho original toot shoots received with tho
engine taroobtalnod undo: tcst-heneh conditions by variation of tin qusntitzor mu injaateo at aach load no speed. hzasa conditions oannoho raproducod unoor no:-ml sorvioo conditions sud haace we idealtorque
oharacteristics cannot ho rcproducod. In tact, the chic!mginear or the Diesel mgina Division ct General lotors stataathstthatorquaattholowonginaspeodsoanonlyboilprovedbysoucaaorltiaa orthshorsepolcratthe
bighspeads.Ihprovensnt oi’ tho torque r, agpisntestho tamiancy to make and$5E?gi~§
‘rs ’ ‘.General Rotors-Holden's Ltd. are unable to make anyfurther suggestions for the improvement or the torquecharacteristics of the engine.4. Prop_osed Use of Single-Row "Iasp" I:5ins_.This matter has been discussed
in some detail withIr. L. J. Wsokett of Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation, Major-General Northcott and Colonel R.N.L. Hopkins and executives ofthis Division. All are agreed that the proposal is a nestpracticable one and
that the use oi‘ this engine will provides. most efficient fighting weapon.Some aspects or this proposal are: —l. An arrangement has already been made with theDivision of Aeronanties, Council for Scimtitie andIndustrial
Research, for the necessary testing anddevelopment work to be done on the existing enginesto convert them for use in tmks.2. A detailed investigation has been made by Hr.Wsckett and his staff of the proposal and a
completeestimate made of the total cost involved in the estab-lishment of an annexe to produce six engines perweek for use in tanks. A sumsary of this estimateis as follows: -Land ... ... 10,000Offices and Canteen ...
15,000Buildings (75,000 sq.ft. ) 'r5,o00Test House ... 8,000Machine Tools .... 489,965Tooling, Jigs and Fixtures 75,000Foundry (extensions at G.A.C.) 20,000Other facilities ... 5,000Total Capital for Fixedinvestment
697,965Stock of lsterisls 100,000Iorking Capital 150,000250,000 250,000947,965h8. The existing facilities d? the CommonwealthAircraft 001-poration would be made available for theprocurement of machine tools, staff,
materials,accessories, jigs, tools md fixtures. A considerableamount of the existing tooling could be made availablealmost immediately. ‘4. Ten engines will be available to the A.F.Y.Division by the end of this year for
experimental anddevelopment work. The first of these engines will besupplied vithin the next two weeks.5. Ie have been informed by llr. Wsokett thatapproximately 350 engines have been ordered by theAircraft Production
Commission over ani above R.A.A.F.requirements tor shipnentvoverseas in training planes.
J‘ilIT.-''.II ‘ (aw)General Io:-theott em the representatives ofthis Division are etrongly or the opinion that atleeet 159 of these engine: ehould be elleoeted tothis Divieion for use in fighting tenke. It inunderstood that the
production 0 these engine: willooamenoe at the beginning of next year en! continueat e rate approxinately equivalent to the projeetedproduction rote of Tank L61.It rill be recalled that in lay of this yearIr. I. Knudsen informed
our repreeentativee inNewtork that ‘the quickest my to secure e eatin-fectory tank engine in to double ug existing Prattend Whitney single-1-or production.A. R. Gods,Controller,Armoured Fighting Vehicle: Division.i)1I
‘I}/‘I\!\\€I,/./,‘V\15»1/ \A.;\-1\£\., \» ».\_\\\I
~%’A.za pf’L-E1-I-—"i'-5ai?c_/‘weI} .M, ,4l4AFV:AP'i':I-'1'IGroup Captain Wackett,Victoria Barracks,St. Kilda Road,MEIBQURPIE. S.C.1.Dear Sir,CRUISER TANK ENGINES.This will confirm our telephone conversation
andarrangements re Gurtiss engines which we have in store atGeneral rotors-Holdens Ltd., Fisherman's Bend. Those enginesare V-12 aircraft type D-12 developing M40 B.H.P. at 2300 R-I-.r.1.and are in condition as
delivered from U.S.A.There are no spares available at the present time, andengines have no exhaust manifolds or starter, and the plugs ofone engine are missing. They appear to be complete in allother respects.Tlould you
be good enough to have these engines over-hauled and fitted‘ out complete with,,,welded up exhausts suitablefor experiment, for a 0om'p1'ehens1've*‘se!'ies of tests to becarried out at the Aeronautical Laboratoryvot G-S-
1-R. We wouldalso appreciate your assistance and advice re starting gear.- It is pointed out that these units have apparently beenstored for 6 or 7 years, and it is not certain that they wereinspected or overhauled before
being pensioned off. would you,theretcre, carry out your inspection accordingly.We also add that the matter is extremely urgent and would‘be grateful if you would push this Job along with all possiblespeed, resorting to
overtime, and concentrating on quick deliveryof one to G.S.I.R. Debit all charges to Experimentalgr Tanks, iéinistry or Munitions. Yows £aith:tu1ly, i A. P. TaebringEngineerAmnored Pighting Vehicles pivisi
Pi\ OGHTERAL ST.A'H!l0ENT OF BACKGROUND OF Hr. R. PERRIERBorn 28th August 1906 at Suresnes, Trance.Ingneerigg Education:Q Universite Technique de Paris 1924, AJI. Engineering School 1927.‘ Qerience in
France:192')-28 Assistant Engineer-desigier Aero Engine Department at BreguetVillacoublay and Gnome and Rhone Paris.1929-33 Faman Asro hlgine Billencourt.‘ Chief 01' Section desigi department 1929-301 Chief of
desigi department Aero Engine 1930-33Desigx of aero engines, supervision of production and tuning.I929 In charge 01' design of several experimental engines under\the Managing Director for the prototype programme of
theFrench Air Ministry.(a) 12-cyl. W type water-cooled engine.1930 (b) 12-cyl. inverted V type water-cooled engine.1930-31 (c) 18-cyl. inverted W type water-cooled engine - designedfor the Schneider Trophy Races.1931-
3} (d) 12-cyl. V type engine developed for the Speed RaceCoupe Deutsch de la Ieurthe.From October 1933 to January 1941 - In Japan as Consulting Engineer.Visited Japan under the auspices of the French Air Ministry
with theGeneral Manager 01’ the Farmsn Aero hgine Company, Kr. Charles Ilaseige,under whom Mr. Perrier worked in France. Ir. Waeeige was in Japan forthree months lecturing on aviation.Kawasaki Docglardi Kobe
.1933 - 16-cyl. inverted V type liquid-cooled engine 850 H.P. Desigaedby order of the Japanese Air Force.1934-35 Kawasaki I.12-oyl. V type liquid cooled engine 850-950 H.P. Severalthousand of these engines built
between 1935 and 1939.Ishikawajime Doclgard, Tokio.‘I935-41. This is the oldest dockyard in Japan, established 1881, addedAero hgine Branch in I935, and Mr. Perrier was selected asChief Engineer following the success
of the Kawasaki I engine.1935 I935-56 Tests of new type of multi-speed supercharger toMr. Perriox-'s design and patent.1936-37 12-cyl. V type inverted air-cooled engine.1939-40 6-cyl. air-cooled in line engine.4 cyl. air-
cooled in line engine.--_-'-i-__ARC:GB12/10/43m 1
6G I N//'' EXTRACT mom NOTES OF A MEETING HELD 15TH MAY, 1941 -ORLGINAL in MAIN FILE.PRESENT: MINISTERS FOR AgMYFéND MUNITIONS AND THEIR .RESPECTIVE S AFI Mr. Hartnett: The three
Cadillac engine plan was selected by theArmy. Colonel Watson advised that the linking up of1 three Cadillac engines was satisfactory. We are notthe designers and are not responsible for the perform-ance of the tank. If we
can get sufficient Cadillacengines it is possible we will be able to link them upin groups of 5 to satisfy requirements.Col. Watson: The problem was to produce a power unit of approx-imately 400 horse-power. -Added to that
was the possi-bility that the Pacific might be closed at once, and soour first approach to the matter was "Let us get anengine installation which will let us get tanks in someway, even if we are not allowed to import." Only
oneengine - a Ford - was the first try—out. We tried anarrangement with the Ford to get as near 400 horse-power as we could, but the performance which wasexpected from the tank with these Ford engines was in-“
adequate. So we looked around for other possibilities.The Cadillac engine presented itself because first ofall it gave us the horse-power wanted. Secondly, theengine had been turned out in England while I was there,and I
had a good deal to do with the testing, and itperformed very well and was Okayed as a possible enginefor use in tanks. It was selected as a standby in caseother engines failed. As it happened, it was builtjust outside
London and they thought it might be bombed.Nevertheless, that engine had been tested out as a pos-sible engine and was O.K.As regards the actual linking up, two engines havebeen successfully coupled together and
they were 6—cylinderDiesel engines which, with a good deal of rough runningwill give a lot of trouble. Cadillac is a much smootherengine. Those two engines were about 100 horse-powereach. They were coupled up by 5
gears, the enginesdriving the 2 outside ones. With this link-up it issimple to bring in the third engine straight throughthe whole box without any gearing. We are now actuallycontemplating transmitting only 260 horse-power,
whereaswe had actually transmitted 200 horse-power before withslow running Diesel engines. There will probably beless trouble with three Cadillacs.Mr. Hartnett: You will remember that you suggested to me that
theremight be some trouble about this and that you appointeda panel of engineers to go into the matter, and you hadtheir report and that report was entirely favourable.The panel consisted of Professor Burstall and Mr.
Coad(Shell Company). I phoned Colonel Watson stating thatin view of possible complications on this coupling ofthree engines I would feel happier if he would take intoconsultation two or three of the best men
available.Colonel Watson contacted Burstall and Coad, and said -"Here are 5 engines which we want linked together. Iwould like your opinion on whether it can be done."They were supplied with the necessary data and
spentabout a week or longer on it, then reported on the matterand saw no reason why it should not be satisfactory.
J _ *1’\,1U_ 2 _Mr. Essington Lewis: I knew of this proposal to order Cadillac enginesCol. Watson;Mr. Spender:Mr. Hartnett:Mr. Spender:Col. Watsn:Mr. Hartnett:Mr. Spender:Col. Watson:Mr. Hartnett:only from cables going
out. They were ordered by theArmy, and I picked up from the cables the opinions ex-pressed in America regarding the advisability of usingthem. I immediately got in touch with Mr. Hartnettand he told me what he has told
you now. On Saturdaymorning I had a chat with General Williams and Col. Watsonand went through the whole matter. It is clear thatCol. Watson thought that Cadillac engines were a goodthing, and had the opinion of the
experts, who evidentlyfavoured the idea also. The minutes of the meeting whichwas held went very carefully into the matter of theCadillac engine, and the report by Burstall and Goad.Their opinions coincided with Col.
Watson's that these5 engines could be harnessed. I think also thatCol. Watson explained that 2 engines had already been _successfully harnessed.Also both Engineers of Ford's, and engineers of (?)in this country see no
objection to it.That seems to dispose of the query which was maderegarding the possibility of the use of the engines.It seems safe to say that the Cadillac engines aresuitable for the purpose.I think when Col. Watson
discovered the Cadillac enginehe talked to General Motors and they put up a 4-pagecable and specified what the engine was supposed to do.I think it was point forward with a tilt of 35 degrees.In the meantime you took the
Cadillac engine out of carand G.M. had subjected it to all the tests, and theengine starts to fail after a minute or two at an angleof 55 degrees, but was alright at 52 degrees. Withmodifications to the sump it will probably
work at 55degrees. The idea of putting 3 Cadillac engines ina tank is regarded as ridiculous in America. It won'tbe as good as a fully fledged tank engine designed forthe job, but unfortunately we have not got such an
engineand have to find a substitute. It looks as if the5 Cadillacs might do.It seems safe to assume that the use of the Cadillacengine is quite sufficient to meet the situation.At this stage we cannot be 100$ certain, but it
looksas though, as Mr. Hartnett says, it will get by.There are certain factors in its favour. One is thatthe engine is in production and is available in quantities,and is remarkably cheap. Secondly, it is an untappedsource of
supply. Thirdly, there are spare parts avail-able. Fourthly, nobody has yet found a satisfactoryengine with reliable sources of supply.Does anyone hold contrary view to that expressed, namely,that the linking of the 5 Cadillac
engines is a feasibleand practicable proposition?Is 55 degrees a normal angle?Yes. 55 is quite alright.There appears no alternative to the 5 Cadillac engines.The loss in power by gearing of the 5 engines and thedispersion
of heat are the problems. Your only alterna-tive suggestion is a Wasp engine now being made in AustraliaThere is no doubt that there could be ample parts made,but one objection is that it operates on a high octanefuel
and the Army wants to avoid it, for when you reduce
_ 5 _Mr. Hartnett: the octane you reduce the power. Commonwealth(Contd.) Aircraft are very sceptical of them as tank engines.The Wasp is 600 horse-power. The U.S. have an aircraftengine in theif M.5 cruiser tank. We
cannot get them,and from what we gather, their line of supply is verymuch jeopardised, so they are almost in the same boatas we are, and they are trying to incite their firms toi make an engine for them. ........\
TANK ENGINES , , _, - ' t ‘IL h th I‘ .Extract from the Notes of a Iimttlhg holdIon 50th April Ia -w wc t rgro we opTé's_e'zT'E the Ii-lnistcrs for Army and Mllnitions and thlr Y°SL??°t1v' S 3 S-(Full report in main filo)MR,
HARTNETT: --"L... The engine 11.13;‘(’recuired for tanks is about 25 h.p. per ton weight with a minimumof 20 h.p. We hesitated on deciding on the Gulberson enginebecause of price and doubt about deliveries. Gulbersoné
firstproduction is nine months off. His engine is not patented andhe offered us the Jigs and dies of a small production plant butcould not give us the necessary machine tools. Manufacture ofthese engines is therefore a very
long range view. In the mean-time we have compromised on three Cadigllic engines. The problemis the harnessing of the three engines together to get the power.I think this is a useful compromise, and is tapping a source
ofengine supply which has not yet been affected by war requirements.MR. SPENDER: We have ordered 1256 Cadiallc engines. I thinkwe should have these classed as armaments and put on the higherorder of priority.mm
us. HARTNETT: ....%oo1r). 600 engines are at the sea bgfxfd now.Three are already here. 40 are on the water. The balance arealready made. The first problem is the transfer box which linksthe three engines together and
it must be manufactured here. Thiswill absorb a large proportion of our gear manufacturing capacityand is a most difficult problem as no gear box of this character_has yet been made in Australia. If you take over all our
existinggear manufacturers they would only be able to cover about one-thirdof the Job. We will have to get more machine tools for gearmanufacture. We want about £200,000 worth.
'< ml‘. 0 ;.;'i'FORM P S O 26RRINCIPAL S_U}{PLY 0EF_ICERS' CQNHJIITTEE — EXEGUTLVE PANEL - _- '1 ‘ 6new er _'\R3\/LA1\/IDNT I->N;\1_Ex N0.l[E/ . - mormilgz ST.“'I'E'MDi\IT .E! _ 11.-s.w. R,aiJ.~wa;ysA. 'shen
~ F H E me Pr S"tMe:>'11ine Mark I/C/- ‘,",‘ou,‘o my, __I -> rBU ILDI NGC 1 C 10 years‘ term. No di¥fieu1¢y anticipated.onrran T ~ ~ ' A -D_ATm or _1i;q2_s:1?__p_1z-L1\/?»;R_Y_ :m;:_r.a;;_ QR032-En;(a) ( sh “maize (b)
(LOP€1 n ( ) ( e r$417-F%-- e A --¢==r==% <ELECTRIC, :c1¢e'r.»u.m~.‘r1c»1\1. N°*a"1"**-“@°=@'~c 5'1‘/\J3_1*ERsF€E}rU3,\wUTPQQ (for 50 weeks of 88 hrs): 'W111 be proviéed by Railways DepartmentLFCTRIG
MOTORS (locally manufaqtured_buu NOT ordered withp1an$); Centraet Demand is being prepared.~&M§HlTcH‘gEAB ETC‘ FOR: Na& orderedMiniewry of Munitions-Gauges received Contract DemandCAUGP5 No.59
prepared fer remainéere "These cover 5 initialsets p1us six-months? renlaeemenme "JICS EIFDURES, ETC. 10 per cent. designed.enches, etc.)ZLANT \other_§han eePtain_eLectr1c_@%ég§§A NOT QRDLRED BY ¥/ 4
;9Items ordered during month of are underlined in RED)humber N0, ofT: lndenf N/cs Description AIPLVQL emarksM = Con— etc, (ex-nrnct pected)_ Demg a; _ __ , , , ,_ I _ , I _° D 2° __ .8j.’_'
1ka1;2ii§:11.;e1(t*2ii§11§3@§Qr.§""' ‘ew;£Qgpkg; 51/7/3991.12 EL __-_._--J.._.FJ.!_;'21i1*&'.”Ra'isLs11.aln-s12ue£<e1.3622-1? M.,.m.I-*f—*|*§-‘I-‘r¥>-i-‘P-\P‘!-\l—‘l\'Jl-
1"§—‘l~*(\3$z'ai2?*I;e._1lei@.1;%§2";%@§.ls3§¥H1é1l;E2a§.iQn .13l@_t@_§-@001 a-. Guter G-rinding >Des1gn net starte.Double Wheel Tool Grinding M/cBenches.reedmilling w¢#?iaePlain horizontal 1-111111115;
M/CDegreaeing plantSan&bIast'p1amtVarnish pump, tank & drainingreeks.Electric-etaving ovens.Fuze hole cleaning machine.Muffle frnaoe 'Marking machineCentre IaheeScales;Air compressoraders callenders calledPaint
equipment -VMieeellaneaus Ghattels.
/1 ?> hepThe Engine ‘Extract from e. report by Mr, Hewtnott, dated x 21st April 19L,\l following upona request from the Minister for the Army (Ir. Spenderj, that theTank programme should be ‘CCU//ET-1tOd,Probably the
most serious matter is the difficulty of procuring a suitableower unit, which should be for the type of t-mk to be produced — one dOVul0ping aboutE00 h,p, and not of too great a weight,As a stop gap, and to ensure initial
production of some 5'15 tanks, a design hasbeen arrived at by the Army, whereby 5 x 125 horsepower Cadillac engines are being in!harnessed together to provide the motive power, The order 11:5 been planed in theUnited
317111208 for 1186 of these engines (including Sp#11‘05) md ndvice has been Illlknreceived that lll of there >a1‘0 ro1dy for shipment, ‘.....--.Sunmlariing, it appears the tank programme All be regulated by :1. Ability to
produce cast steel armour with adequate immunity from Iiiqltl- alloying ingredients available in Australia2. Ability to m='1Chine emd produce sufficient gtarb0Xo52;',t0 lucato a suitable t-wk engille fpr motive powerAlthough
‘rm the latter point there is a compromise of having threeengines lwrnessed together, which We believe will be reasonably effective; undoubted13mwchine tools will be the outstanding md regulating factor,~ ¢~4;l,,,,M
1' /W4/f >">¢_ -This will confirm my telephone aeeaage thle earningin reply to your lelerendun or 16th April regarding cabledated 10th April tron Ir. F.B. Clepp, Iew York, Io.N!.lO31on the subject or placing an order for
Cadillac enginesthrbugh the Lease-or-Lend B111 previeiona.As verbally advlled, X lhould appreciate it 1! youwould arrange tor a reply to be cabled to Ir. Clapp suggestingthat 182 engine: be placed direct elth General
Iotore-HoldnaInd the balance of 1,000 enginea through the Lease-or-LendB111, providing there in no delay over, say, 3 weeks.Director-General.or Munitions.21/4/41.
<1I\\ MINISTRY o|= MUNITIONS 5’, JG /Q I_ ml‘/owe /r‘ - MINUTE PAPER p Zbgmqq 9 (This side only to be written on)SUBJECT => Jr;I em April 1941/limo‘ D TOP/VI”;/yVr2§ Directo neral of Munitions.I am enclosing
herewith copy of a cablegram1501 received from F.B. Clapp, New York, which embracesa point of financial policy, and it is therefore outsidethe scope of this Directorate.\ie <\1x\ $1\ i ‘~55?“e iI would appreciate advice from
you as tothe line to be taken in framing a reply to this cablegram,U but should like to advise against any method of procedurewhich would involve a delay of more than say a fortnightor three weeks.It might be possible of
course, to splitthe balance of the order, say 182 engines on directorder with General Motors Ltd., and the balance of 1,000through Lease and Lend provisions, so insuring earliestpossible supply of a reasonable quantity of
engines forthe first part of the programme.~ .»//‘L ‘/J .K. \fF~G 5”? R@’L‘W . “JL _ L‘ 1' u" kI Jb J Q L¢%_xt idxvi/I/V pr Q)-Y is JP,» 1' A a§»‘;l<!* _ “P <1" 4' " .J. HARTNETT,“ b_i_LM L Director of Ordnance Production.‘ t.
v4\;.- \~_\oI,o¢- ,/' Q °'Rs um‘ p,NCE PROD Q "‘“°*>A Q 16APR.1941. 9* _L 3%» ,copy or mwmns 'rm.m>Rm'ma mzssmn. {Z QA.C. SXITHSECRETARIAT12.4.41 11.56 I-‘I. 0.67771.5493. Gable mun 10/4/41 from11.8.
Glnpp, New York.IIIPORTMIT.1i.Y.1031 for Clapp.Your telegram 839 Cadillac Engine. Weare placing direct ardar with GeneralMotors for 111 engines. Thin covers 3samples already ahippcd und 108 which almost readyfor
nhiyment. Because of nagnituglo of order desire you advise imndiatoly whethor I0 nhouldandeavour to obtain balance of 1182 angina:through lease-land with possible short dolayin shipment.(lhmitions attn. c/v 3 and D
¢0'72. D01’. O0-Ord Air)Directcw Ordnmce Production‘ for attention ploaao(891).) S.R. HELL15.4.41.Tpd. VSCkdo JBI,~ ’ ' » n4,’f M'7 K. /v"-‘W./!'_ /1;//U1- v ’.-1% ‘»¢'#*“' 1/ 1‘/' '>v. / ’ . - // I./'\;\- \ 5 »\§ _~_ "\‘ ~. ~N \_~ ‘_~
'\\\11¢ \©~F ,‘ ,‘ ’..:' ",/».'x"/,;1~ F’/I )4 >.¢</ Q.\/".4( I
II1, , (S)(C0PY) '1ton avsd anoi¢sidogem§$I hlexgen IIsuhivibni ctiuoxttlb wxev s at lleamld lIOB’I6dLU3 *(.hlns'I‘I eup ind ,beaee'x3o'1qztnsrxoqmi teem -we lo eno ai enllmmM.unlH\itIipn;He'xq s sad ed as buseuigne as
noltoubotq at eved has beuglaeb eyed oz! eneqqsd ed dad? has ,e'xo:ioslbsdqobe aael 10 euom esd ed ,anoI.fIbnoo -zuo aieem vllmfoeki Qlltipldwo¢ an dalw [lite uov ll .b'1n3s'x shin nI .ebuJ'Ie "3I—6Vae.[-'10-?!-9:153" s‘ii
caress Y.[d'se'I3 ‘(rev bluow it ,neme.{:rneg aids diiw snoi:raI#ogedIl!/olluqnsllaniezm '10‘! sisnogen ozt noiaozrxtent ennlteb s eu evig biuow uovau 03 It gnivsel bns 03 use sw dotdw 0.? smll su
gnivl§5|iaI.‘Qn.l1:.s'tunsma.eIu'1aaoq vnemegnerxa Seed odd eism 0:7Mr. I..J'. Hartnett,,a'xuo‘{ ~(Ih'x:t wxevDear Mr. Bartnett,.‘1‘iA.I1) .H.'l .(I{)£’.This will acknowledge your cable of Harsh llth, No. 628,in which you advise
that a decision has recently been made to utilizeCadillac engines for tanks, which you are manufacturing in Australia,and that three (5) engines will be used per tank.On receipt of this cable I despatched a copy to ;Mr.
Chamberlain and also one to Mr. Michael Dewar. I felt that the lattergentleman should be kept informed of what we are doing merely as a matterof courtesy, as he has co-operated very closely with this office at all ytimes
and has been of great assistance to bir. Chamberlain since he has .been in this country.Whilst it is realized that my primary function in this Icountry is to superintend the purchasing of material for the
ConmonwealthGovernment, at the same time, however, I consider my responsibility doesnot cease there and that I should pass on any information which may cometo my knowledge from time to time to the departments
interested inAustralia.In this connection, and without in any way wishing tocriticize on a subject about which I have no knowledge, I feel that youshould know that the decision to use 5 Cadillac engines per tank has beenvery
definitely criticized by Messrs. Dewar and Chamberlain and also theengineers of the General Motors Company. Mr. Dewar presumably bases hiscriticism on information given to him by Mr. Carr, but this. of course isonly
conjecture on my part.In view of the above I felt that I had no option but toadvise you and I consequently cabled you on the 22nd instant brieflyoutlining the position and telling you that you could take the informationfor what
you felt it was worth.I rather gathered from a discussion which I had withColonel llilner that Australia was in a position where something in connectionwith the tank programme has got to be done with the least possible
delay,and whilst it may not be considered that the 3 engine arrangement is themost suitable proposition from an engineering point of view, at the same timeit is the best and quickest method offering at the present time and
at leastensures that an initial supply of tanks will be produced, sufficient to carryover until such a time as a suitable type of engine will become available.P.'1‘.0.
K ‘» - (2) \*\ (WOO)I regreiih ie&6g0tiat1wB hv 110%progressed, but quite frankly Guibereon himself is a very difficult individualand as he has a prettyinymiirliesithldzlhe is one of our most importantfactors, and that he
happens to have designed and have in production an enginewhieh1q3.'Ie‘€ smtwhactorily meets our conditions, he has more or less adopteda “take-it-or-leave-it" attitude. In this regard, 11’ you still wish us topudf
milhegotiations with this gentlemen, it would vary greatly assist ityou would give us a definite instruction to negotiate for Australianmanufadiniingmslghégiving us limits to which we can go and leaving it to uato make the best
arrangement possible.,03on3'!aH .'L.l .1)!Very truly yours,,¢:rent':sH .'xM 1591SGD. LB. OLAPP.,836 .091 ,d:rIl :io'1sM ‘Io olden TUOY egneiwornlos Iliw aid’?exklliu 03 sham need qiineoeu asd noialoeb s dad! seivbs uoy
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7, C ., g mu’BRITISH PURCHASING GOMJISSION Y» )7Tank an Transport Division1205 15th Street, NJI.March 9, l94lMr. L.J'. Hartnett,Dear Mr. Hartnett,In accordance with your instructions I have beenchecking up on
the engine situation, particularly the Guiberson.Responsible officers oi’ the U.S. War Department have expressed adesire for diesel power for tanks and even consider it desirableto have every vehicle of all types built to use
diesel oil.There is every likelihood oi‘ at least one divisionbeing thus equipped in the not too distant future, and the absenceof a thoroughly efficient diesel tank engine is one of the mainobstacles to this.The air-cooled radial
engine is recognized as the mostsuitable type, and as the Guibsrson is the only example of this type,it has been the subject of close study by War Department engineers.I have studied this engine in its present from
andthrough all development stages. Then I checked my findings with theWar Department engineers. Discussions of this kind have to be "offthe written record" , but I have talked it over with men who have spentthousands of
hours investigating this engine and their conclusionsentirely agree with my mm findings.Most of the weaknesses in this engine have been presentbecause of the peculiar set-up of the Guiberson organization, wherepolicy
has been more important than engineering in many cases. A condensedhistory of the development as I now know it migit help to give a good idesoi‘ this engine in Australia.Before he started building diesel engines,
Guiberson waswell established as a manufacturer of oil well equipment and was very soundfinancially, also having fairly extensive oil interests in California.He was approached by Fred Thaheld, who had some ideas ofa
diesel fuel pump which varied the timing as it varied the volume.Guiberson was at that time, and still is, sold on this idea, but as he isnot an engineer this does not count as important.Thaheld had only some sketches at this
time and Guibersonmade an agreement with him to design and develop an engine in the oil wellequipment factory in Dallas, Texas. Thaheld copied many of the fundamentalfeatures oi’ their first engine from the mono-valve
Packard aircraft enginewhisk; was then being developed.Their first engine, although rather crude, is said to haverun very well. (I have seen it and as a result em convinced that anything —
~ 7 C1(COPY) -2- .\/ 7will run).This so impressed Guiberson that he has since spent a lot of moneyto get the engine to its present stage of development (he says a millionand a half dollars which is probably an
exaggeration, but he has certainlyspent a lot).Most of this development money could have been saved if they hadknown anything of diesel engineering but, of course, they don't realize thisThey have developed it the hard
way by building and trying about everythingthey thought of.Patents were taken out on the fuel pump and an agreement was madebetween Guiberson and Thaheld whereby Thaheld was paid a royalty on eachengine
produced under these patents, and as a result, every engine producedsince has the Thaheld fuel pump.In my opinion the pump is fundamentally unsound in its principleof operation, and is the main weakness in the
Guiberson engine today.Thaheld, because of the royalty he collects, maintains that hispump is essential to the correct functioning of the engine, and hasGuiberson convinced of this. The rest of the engine has been
developedto quite a high standard and aircraft practice has been adopted for most ofthe parts. (This is not necessarily an advantage in a tank engine). Thefault I find with the fuel pump is as follows:Control of the volume of
fuel pumped is by flan through an orificeand not by definite displacement as in other diesel fuel pumps.The pump plunger always is forced up to the same position at the topof the stroke, but the position at the bottom of
stroke is varied tocontrol the opening of a port in the cylinder, thus permitting agreater or lesser volume of fuel to be admitted. The pump cylindersize is such that it is not cmnpletely filled with fuel even when theengine is
delivering full power.The volume of fuel admitted to the pump is affected by the pressureoi‘ the primary pump and the viscosity of the fuel also if there is anyoil hammer in the feed lines, different cylinders will be fed
differentvolumes of fuel, with inlet port open at the peak of the hamnergetting an extra supply oi‘ oil.Another, and probably worse feature, is that the nine pumps mustindividually be set to give similar characteristics or sane
cylinderswill give mor power than others, and will overheat as well as throwingthe engine out of balance.The amount by which the piston uncovers the inlet port is criticalwithin very fine limits if all cylinders are to receive the
same volumeof fuel, and as the pumps are operated by a large diameter cam ringand rocker arms on moveable fulcrums, these parts all call for thehighest precision in manufacturing. It is almost a mechanicalimpossibility to
make this pump do an accurate job, and if we builtthis engine, I would certainly suggest the adoption of a moreconventional fuel system.r
:36IQ( COPY) -5-The U.S. War Department have told G-uiberson that they will not orderany more of his engines after his present orders are fulfilled until healters the fuel pumps.He has instructed Bosch to design a
mounting for their pump to fit theGuiberson engine, but this is not the correct answer and as Bosch are verybusy, progress is slow.Guiberson is booked up with all Buds can produce until 1942, and knowsthat there is such
an engine shortage that they will have to buy frun him,so does not care much. Buds are taking surprisingly little interest indevelopnents, being only concerned with trying to catch up with beck orders.Buda are "Lanova"
licencees and have the Lanova laboratoriesdeveloping a cylinder head to cut dorm the high peak cylinder pressuresrunning in this engine. I am not at all sure that this head with itscomplex shape, high gas velocities and
long heat flow paths, will besatisfactory in an air-cooled engine. 'l'ne present head design is quitegood and the high peak pressures are caused by poor fuel injection control.If pumps of the G.M. type were fitted close to the
injectors to give shortpressure lines, this engine would in my opinion be a very successful one.There are many other features which have been handed down from aircraftdesigns which are unnecessarily hard to build, but
even so, this engine isa simple manufacturing job compared with Pratt at Whitney, or Wright.The Guiberson concern are using all their development facilities atpresent in developing an aircraft engine for the U.S. Navy
Preliminarydevelopment work on head design has been carried out by the N.A.C.A. forsome years, and had led to a head of Glerestory type with valve stems at90° to the axis of the cylinder. They are after high ‘B.M.E.P.
and areprepared to face considerable complications to get it.The results of N.A.C.A. research and all drawings have been handedover to Guiberson, and the Navy Dept. has given him an order to build twoexperimental
engines with N.A.C.A. heads, supercharged, etc.All above is of no value to us, and I mention it to indicate thatGuibc:-son is primarily concerned with the development of aircraft engines.The C-uiberson family is enthusiastic
in their following of aviation activities,and do not pay as much attention as the-1; should to the tank engine which isreally their logical field.A tank engine also should have an electric starter instead of thecartridge type used
by Guiherson.Even with the faults mentioned above, the using force records of alarge number of engines show maintenance to be well below that oi‘ the gasolineengine, and fuel consumption figures so superior that this
type is verypopular with them. Like the Wright, the design of this engine has beenadapted/from the aircraft type, and this is the wrong way to design a tankengine. If the present engine situation cont inuss, we could, in a
reasonablyshort time, design and build an engine to exactly fit our requirements andmanufacturing facilitss. This is not as fantastic as it at first seaus, asthe requirements oi’ a tank engine are easily met it the job is designed
asa tank engine and not converted from an aero engine. I am writingseparately on this possibility. As indicated in my cables, the price of theGuiberson and the royalties so far demanded are ridiculously high.
_ 1-,._ ‘ U(COPY) -4- I'I‘he Continental Motors Corporation is starting to develop a radialdiesel and I will immediately start to check up and report progress andchance of availability.The Wright Continental gas engine as now
built had been selected bythe Dewar Mission and they ordered 5500 oi’ them some months ago. Theyhave been informed that the first 1700 to be built will have to be used forplanes and are not very hopeful of getting any of
the. remainder, so Ithink we can rule out this engine as a possibility tor us.I understand that the Lend Lease Bill went through tonight and thereis some possibility that this will enable Britain to get delivery of someengines
ordered by the U.S. GOvernment, but it is too early to predictanything much in this direction.I am endeavouring to get s sample Wright Continental and GuibersonT 1020 to send to Australia for educational purposes as soor.
as possible.Owing to present conditions over here, these have to cone through B.P.G. ,which has to buy them through an American company and the deal takes carefulhandling and some time.The passing of the Lend
Lease Bill might remove some oi‘ the obstacles.There is, I am told by Dewar who has checked this up, a law prohibiting theU.S. ‘Her Department fr<zn selling to a foreign government, and they (the U.S.War Dept.) have all
the present engines. This law is, however, broadlyinterpreted and we will get them - given a little time.Two sample Curtiss D12 will be sent as soon as s ship is available.The Vimalert Company have been checking up and
now tell me that they can getan additional 250 above the number mentioned in my other letter.If we use these, there are a number of problems to overcome, particularlyin the oiling systen, carburetion and starter.For tank
installation, s low crankshaft centre line is desirable andthi means e shallow oil sump which makes operation at an angle difficultunless separate scavenging pumps are pzovided for each end of sump.Operation at required
angles has caused lots of trouble with engines ofany type for tank use and only extensive ts sting can indicate all problemsinvolved. Some of the general problems encountered over here so far withdifferent engines are as
follows:Oil leakage from any shaft not equipped with very special sealing devices.Oil buiing up in valve chambers, etc. , causing leakage, spark plugoiling and high consumption.Oil foaming caused by big ends, etc., dipping
at one end of crankcase.Steam pockets taming in cylinder heads etc., because outlets are notat highest point when engine is at extreme angles.Another problem which has caused many engines to be ruined is that
withordinary type air cleaners the oil is taken over into the engine atextreme angles and big throttle openings. This oil which is full of grit
(com -5- 1 1 and road dust has been the cause of much mysterious cylinder wearwhich was not traced for a long tin. Incidentally, G.ll. havefound it necessary to fit three air cleaners to their tank engineto keep the air
velocity down, the twin cleaner installation shownin the illustration your have being unsatisfactory at angle operation.This was Just another engine to take the air cleaner oil over withbig angles and high air velocity. This is a
point worth watching inour design, and I will send out details of satisfactory cleanerswhen I have time to collect them.To return to Ourtias D12. The work necessary to mke these enginesrun in a tank would, of course,
depend upon what sort of compromise we wereprepared to accept in our design. If we will have a relatively high shaftcentre and are prepared to take some chances on angle operation for shortperiods, we may be able to
get away wit}; minor alterations to the oiling system.The point raised in my previous letter regarding vibration damper to fitto crankshaft may not be so important if time of operation is limited and onlytests could detennine.
Apparently the "Liberty" Engine, whSch has somewhatsimilar layout is fairly satisfactory running without a damper in a tank, butC-.)l. will not operate their 6'71 at over 160 B.H.P. without a damper, and thisengine has a very
stiff crankshaft. The problems here are accentuatedby diesel pressures being high and crankshaft tortional vibrations would beless of a problem with the Curtiss gasoline engine.It would take about 3000 sq. inches of
radiator core 4" thick to coolthis engine in a tank. Tests over here indicate that cores over 4-" thickstart to lose heat dissipation value rather than gain unless very high air ‘speeds are used, and this would man a lot of power
to drive the fan. Evenwith the suggested radiator the fan required will take about 30 B.H.P.Some radiator manufacturers consider even a 4" core too thick, but othersuse up to 5" with high pressure fans if the area has to be
limited.When two‘ sample D12 Gurtiss engines arrive, you will be able to Judge ifit is worth consideration to buy a number of than. They would at leastensure that we were not absolutely stuck for engines if other
arrangementsbroke down.There is no radio shielding, but this can be bought for about $400.00.There is quite a possibility that if we use frequency modulated radio, we cando without shielding, and as soon as U.S. has
completed experiments, I will reportI am enclosing print of taro GJ-I. 6-'71 engines coupled together by Allis-,Chalmers for use in a tractor. They only built a few of these but they were quitssuccessful. I am arranging to get
drawings of gearing used to couple theseengines to a central drive shaft, and there is a good possibility that we canget sample set of all gearing and housings from Allis-Chalmers. I have heardthat they made a number of
spares, but have not been able to confinn this asyet. As the drawing shows they used four separate exhaust manifolds, andif of any use, we cOuld certainly get than to provide castings of these.They originally proposed
using specially made clutch housings held together by cross bolts and this is shown in the drawing. They decided toavoid the expense of this and when the units were being built they just usedstandard G.M. housings and
machined flats on them where they fitted together.This enabled them to get the crankshaft centres close enough together and they
\!L . . _._°___e__ .....- ....--. .........- -o-,, a-aiaonnu vuangli avuuu I7-ILIII |the applications is at fault here rather than the principle of uaiip(COPY) (6) Q 1' ('9depended on the rigidity of the one piece gear housing to hold the
enginestogether. This was bolted to the clutch housing faces and has provedadequate. The other ends of the engines were, of course, tied together.It will take a little time to get the drawings of all the parts of thisinstallation
frqn Allis-Chalmers, but I hope to do it by next ainnail.This twin engine installation would require about 1800 sq. inches ofradiator core if in a position to get good air flow.Each engine would have to be built to tank
specification, with specialsump and oiling system and air cleaners, etc., to operate at required angle,but this could probably be arranged.I had already given a twin 6-'71 engine installation some thoughtfollowing discussion
with Dewar and decided that the weight would rule it out.In-line engines add a lot to the weight of a tank because it has to be builtlonger and the additional weigit of the engine is only a part of the amountthe total tank weight
is increased by.This makes the suggested Cadillac installation undesirable also.‘I‘he engine cannot be permitted to extend forward of the turret basketso must project to the rear. If efficient operation is to be achieved,
thecentre of gravity must be on the centre line of where the track meets theground so the track length must be increased. A floating rear idler forthe track would help out here and we could use this system on our tank ifwe
adopted twin engines. Floating rear idler has so mny advantages thatwe should use it in any case. Will refer to this later.There are several British tanks over here with twin engines. (A.E.G.)and the plumbing controls make
the engine conpartmsnt very complicated.The U.S. engineers have said acne very harsh things about these tanks, butthe application is at fault here rather than the principle of using twinengines. When discussing twin
engine installation here the I5 tank hasbeen under consideration and definitely twin engines cannot be fitted to thisjob without entire re-design.If we design for twin 6-'Il engines now it may mean an entire re-designjob when
we build for a radial. 'Have discussed the fitting of three of their engines with "Cadillac"engineers and they have cabled you separately on this. They have drawn outan engine compartment to the dimnsions sent over from
Australia, and dravgnin the outlines of the three engines.They have not gone any further with this until they receive instructions Ifrom you as they say to engineer a complete layout would take several months,and a
substantial allotment (perhaps Q10 ,000.oo) would have to be granted bytheir financial department before this engineering could be undertaken.Cadillac engineers are not at all optimistic about the success of thisthree
engine layout, although they feel confident that given a reasonableamount of time and money, they could malm the engines‘ operate at the requiredangle. This engine is equipped with hydraulic tappets and any tendency
forair to get in the oil would affect valve operation. They will not definitelycommit themselves as to the alteration necessary to the oiling system, butthink they would be considerable. The oil shles on this engine are
notdesigned for angle operation and the big ends would dip long before 30° were -
_, aL(COPY) -7-reached unless twin scavenge pumps were fitted and probably a differentoil sump. There is a possibility of trouble with the actual carburettorsas well as the difficulty of synchronizing the throttles.
Cadillacengineers think that if the engines were coupled using the existing clutchesthere would be difficulty in making them all engage evenly and considerthat it may be necessary to use hydraulic clutch controls and
matched springs.If a single clutch were used and all engines positively geared together, itwould be necessary to use all three electric starters and they may not engagesimultaneously. ‘lhere are no records of any
satisfactory installation of thistype.On the Allis-Chalmers twin engine installation, there is a starter ononly one of the engines. This engine is started with the clutch disengaged andthe clutch is then engaged to start the other
engine. The drain on the batteryis therefore only caused by one engine.Buick have been trying to develop a three engine-hook-up on similar linesfor U.S. War Dept. and have abandoned it as unworkable.I personally feel
that the points raised could be overcome in a reasonabletime, but G.M. are overloaded with development work which is giving them a lotof trouble, and they just don't want to take on any more.Although I think the three
engines could be made to operate satisfactorilytogether, I do not think this is a good answer to the engine problem. By thetime all the engineering necessary is carried out and the job radio shielded,there is almost as much
work as building a new engine.I still consider that we could desigi a tank of the specificationrequired with low enough weight to give a good account of itself with a singleGM. 6-71 diesel. If the Job were designed to be
powered by a 350 B.H.P.radial diesel engine, then the design altered where necessary to accommodatethe 6-71 until radials were available, we could get something running quickly.A point to be considered is that it will not
be easy to get a greatnumber of 6-71 engines, and a single engine installation would perhaps giveus more tanks.General Motors are preparing the following for shipment in about 3 weeks:ITEMl. 2 Engines and Gear Boxes
similar to those now being supplied to Britainexcept that they will have Fuel Pumps and Injectors arranged for a poweroutput of 165 B.H.P.2. 2 Vibration Dampers suitable for fitting to above engines even if thisnecessitates
the changing of front engine mount and other parts.3. 2 Extra Bell Housings (standard)4. 2 Extra sets of Fuel Pumps and Injectors suitable for increasing brakeH.P. of above engines to 225.5. 2 Extra front fan mount covers
and fans and any other parts necessaryfor mounting fans.6. 2 Extra front engine mountings as used with this engine when vibrationdamper is fitted.
-a- 1 u(cow) '17. 2 Extra Exhaust Manifolds (standard)Engines to be supplied with 3 Air Cleaners and other equipmentnecessary for operational: full R.P.ll. with Engine at 32° angle.General Motors will not have this engine
operated with the 225 B.H.P'.fuel pump equipment unless fitted with damper to smooth out crankshaftvibration.The front engine mounting supplied with this engine for fitting tothe British Valentine Bark III does not permit the
fitting of this damper, soI have arranged with G.M. to supply the damper and a front mounting which willpermit its use as well as the British mounting.As this engine is de-rated to about 150 B.H.P. when fitted to theValentine,
there is not need for a damper.The gearboxes with these engines would have e very limited life at225 B.H.P. and I am sending than for educational purposes only. The SpicerCo. could supply this same gearbox with
different gears to take the 225 B.H.Pbut not with the same ratios as sum of the loadings could not be taken onpinions of sizes in these boxes.They are new working out Just what ratios could be supplied. The above-
mentioned gears for 225 B.H.P. would require sane special tooling anddeliveries would be about three months frcm order. This gearbox bolted tothe engine is not mited to our proposed design, but I mention it in case
designis taking a different form in Australia.I have arranged with G.ll. for these two engine units to be supplied withclutches to take care of 225 B.H.P. The best available clutch which theycan fit will not leave a very goat
margin, but will do the Job. As all theseparts are to S.A.E. specification, the fitting of these oversize clutches doesnot entail much trouble. These engines will be equipped with double scavengepumps, etc. , and are 0.K. for
tank operation at required angles.Before adapting the 6-71 to tank use for the British the GM. dieseldivision has passed an engineering grant of $15,000.00 from their head officeand something like this would have to be
done if Cadillac are to developthe installation called for in cables from Australia, although the anount ofmoney involved would probably be less.Regarding transmissions I have the following. It will be some monthsbefore M3
gearboxes com off the line and although I have the verbal 0.K.that we can get sane of these, I cannot say when.Rock Island Arsenal are still producing the I2Al Medium Tank, and thisis now fitted with a constant mesh dog
clutch type gearbox. The gears arenot easy to change, but the box can take plenty of abuse and is ideal sizefor our tank. I am doing all possible to get some of these boxes which arebuilt by Wisconsin Axle Company (a
division of Timken Detroit Axle Company)but they have to cone through the U.S. War Dept. I do not yet know howmany they will release, but will cable as soon as this information is to hand.I have applied for all drawings of
this tank which is of weight comparable toours. These will come to hand any dw now and I will send than.The only other heavy duty gearbox in production which I have been able tolearn of is made by Cardwell Company,
and I am enclosing copies of my correepgggé
1 ‘ 1" 5’(COPY) -9-with than and their drawings. This is only of interest at present as wewant a box which we can bolt up to the final drive and equipped with anoutput shaft and bearings capable of carrying the bevel
pinion.lbs final drive used on I5 is much too heavy and hard to build forour Job, while that of the ll2Al Medium is housed in an aluminum case boltedto the front armour plate, and would be shattered by even a mall shell.The
best answer I can see is for us to design a final drive using the Il2Algears, but in a different design of housing. Drawing facilities in thisoffice just could not be finalised, so I have Just installed the necessaryequipment in my
room at the Willard Hotel. I will not be able to makedrawings of suggested layout and illustrate points for which no drawings areavailable. It is annoying that this could not be arranged earlier, but Ihad been promised facilities
in the office here and this Just didn’t work out.The man in charge of the Dewar drawing office thinks in terms of years insteadof hours and gives very poor co-operation‘. An example of this is the timetaken to deliver M15
light tank drawings. I applied to U.S. War Dept.who sent a complete set over in about ten dahs. Dewar wanted copies to sendto England, and as the situation is not very happy between the Mission andU.S. , decided to
have copies made before I sent the originals to Australiarather than apply for another set.After a month of requests, I insisted on seeing how far they wereprogressing and found that they were still in the sane boxes as sent
by U.S.War Dept. They would have stayed there for another mouth only I raised helland insisted that they be sent to the Air Mission for the copies to be made.I am very friendly with some of the people over at the Air
Mission, andthey put these drawings in hand innediately. During the month these drawingswere dslwed, I did everything short of this, but hesitated as I knew it wouldmean trouble for several people with whom I have to
work and whom I would bedependent upon for future drawings.The position was rather more complex than the above indicates and I haveconferred constantly with the influential Australian representatives over hereon the
drawing situation right from the start.I note from a cable just received by Mr. Casey that Colonel Milner iscaning over to get drawings, but you can be assured that all influence hasconstantly been used and if the entire army
had been sent over they could nothave gotten them a day earlier.I am arranging samples of final drive gears, sprockets, clutch etc. ,and also checking possibility of some complete suspension units from RockIsland Arsenal,
but cannot stats just when they will be through. Then is apossibility of getting sane drop forgings off their dies for the suspension,but a better type is just being designed and we would probably be able tobuild the improved
type right away. I have had Simmons investigating theproduction of armour and enclose his first report.I am sending film of trackless tank by this airmail.We are still awaiting details of the new radio which is being
developedin England.Have arranged with Goodyear, who are now considered the best people ontracks, for full technical details and description of plant required with
v, 1*_:‘WII(COPY) -10- 1drawings oi’ machines and photographs. I have the release of this fromU.S. War Department and have persuaded Goodyear to hand it to me to sendyou to pass on to their Australian Company. This
will enable you tohave a look over it. They do not mind it Dunlop are given details, butare very insistent that Firestone, their bitter opposition, do not seeany oi‘ it. Am hoping it will come to hand for inclusion in this letter,but if
not, will send it next airmail. Will arrange separately aboutFirestone. The main thing in getting a good bond of the rubber and steelis in the brass plating which met be held to very close limits in composi-tion as well as the
actual plating. It is also essential that the rubberbe applied to the metal as soon as the plating is dry. However, all thiswill be covered in the report from Goodyear.The drawings of the six-pounder tank gun have arrived in the
U.S.A. , butare not yet in the office. I have arranged for a complete set of printsto be made and hope to have than on the next airmail. Am enclosingdrawing oi‘ turret designed for this gun to be used by Canada, but only
useit as an indication of trend. In any turret we design, it will be necessaryto provide for the eventual fitting of a six-pounder gun as the two-pounderis not capable oi’ penetrating the latest German medium and heavy
tanks.The six-pounder will use armour piercing or H.1!. , and both will have to becarried for latest tactics.I have learned that the drawings of two-pounder tank mount have gone fromCanada, so will not send any of these.No
general arrangement of M3 is available as yet but I have made atracing and put all available dimensions on. A print of this will be in thisairmail.The U.S. is starting to design the M4 to follow the M3, but the DewarMission is
not being taken in on this design. I will be able to send detailswhich I will gather from different sources, and make drawings. Willprobably see some of the drawings, but will not be able to get them for along time.From
information so tar gathered it seems likely that the job will below with a cast hull welded into one unit. All main guns in turret.Suspension somewhat similar to the Hotchkiss, but using volute springs andrubber bushes in the
swing arms. Both these points are important. Thevolute springs are designed to not only give a very rapidly increasingresistance to compression, but are close wound and the outer coil fits intothe housing to cause the
spring to Jam up on mil compression. This meansthat it is not possible to bottom the spring solidly. This type of springis used in all U.S. tanks. The rubber bushes in the swing arms do not takeany torsion when the tank is at
rest, as the springs hold the load. However,when the swing ems move in either direction they take some load in torsionand this prevents the whole assembly flopping about loosely when the tankis thrown in the air after
passing over an obstruction. This is a fault inH2 and M3 type oi’ suspension and is one reason that this new tank is likelyto have rubber bushed bell cranks with horizontal springs similar toHotchkiss layout. The Hotchkiss
does not have vclute springs or rubberbushes and both these features are desirable if good suspension is to beachieved. Drawings will not be available from U.S. War Dept. tor a longtime on this, but I will make sane and
send than out to illustrate all thefeatures.
~ 1 2 I(COPY) -11-Owing to the peculiar requiranents of the front of this tank, there isa possibility that rear sprocket drive may have to be used, but this is Justa bare possibility, everything now pointing to front sprocket drive
with a sprungrear idler.As will be seen from the drawings of M5 light tank, this job is nowequipped with a sprung re; idler floating on an arm. This arm is adjustedto give very little load the track behind the last bogie wheel,
and whenthe tank i running on hard ground, most of the weight is taken on the partof track running frun the front bogie to the rear bogie. This gives a goodratio of length to width across between the two tracks and
consequentlyeasy steering without too much scuffing of the track against the ground.The part under the rear idler which has to slide sideways for steeringcarrying practically no load does not scuff very much. When soft
ground isreached and the part of the track between the front and rear bogies sinksdown the rear section of the track back to the rear idler takes more weightand if the ground is soft enough, the loading is even over the
entire lengthof the track. '1b take full advantage of this design it is necessary tohave the centre of gravity behind the point which would be central betweenfront and rear bogie wheels. It is not, however, desirable to have
theC.G. as far back as the point central between the front bogie wheel andrear idler wheels.Several methods of springing the rear idler arms have been triedincluding a rubber torsion bush about 8" outside diameter by 10"
wide, butthis rubber did not last long enough. About the best system so far seemsto be similar to that used on the "Cletrac" RG2.Volute springs are used to take the load and rubber discs to take therebound. With this
system it is easy to adjust the loading of the idlerwheel to give the best results by experiment.Heavy loads can be thrown on this assembly and it has to be reallytough. The M3 light tank uses a different systan of springs but
theproportions cf arm, etc., could act as a guide to design.Track loading on U.S. tanks is about 12> lbs. per sq. inch and the areais calculated by measuring the overall width of track including theprojecting pins which run on
the sprocket.One point agreed on over here is that the M4 will have to be much simplerto build than the M3 medium, which is proving a tough production job.With M3 all the annour plates have to be machined on the fitting
edgesto most difficult angles and this just takes a long time.I now have sane drawing facilities and this will enable me to illustratefuture reports. I have not had any time at all to make drawings so far, andno draughtsman has
been available but with drawing equipment at my hotel, Ican get a little time and propose making a general arrangement of proposeddesign.‘ It is ncm established that the M5 gearbox and final drive will cost
about8,000.00.This is a difficult job to build as at present designed, but we can
(com -12- 1 1,6simplify to make production possible in Australia at a much loner price.Have heard that Milner is held up by bad weather, but expect him in afew days. As permits for visiting factories, military establishments,
etc.sometimes take some days to get through, and his time here will be limited,I am trying to arrange permits in advance. Will try to select places hewill want to see and will have all possible done to assist him.I am rather
surprised that I have not received word from you that heis caning and only heard about it from Casey.Again, I would suggest that every consideration be given to using asingle G.M. 6-'71 diesel in our first tanks, but to
design for radial dieseland adapt to take the 6-71. This would give a straightforward layout andwe could start building without having to work out successful multi-engineinstallation. Performance would be passable if we kept
to about 17 tons.Vary truly yours.(SGD) ALAN H. CHAMBERLAINAHO/jdv
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toeempletely enleer In ndeewurto have the Onibex-eellneel eellteetnre in iuetreliein the tha eailting :11-uletencee endettort ehether the nuntecture at mmitipriority ever the meal lagiee for the tent.ureetor-General at
lznitivne.6/3/41.
'rn.:|-none; M ml.1'I\.l:mu\r$||c Aoonssu; "surnzv" Miuoultui. . !_ "F1_r»"-'1 _, ,< ,':.»1L~"§@ K>- .-L‘ .4¢“w!n _u--1,.-'1‘/.'*6 i,-.15-f-.. ;~ COMMONWEALTH CF AUSTRALIA. \MINISTRY OF MUNITIONS.“ Western House"63
William Sheet,/7 I Melboume, C.l .I4 In rwh qlllt No.\n/ 3rd March, 1941,§MMORANDUM T02 Mr. Essingto L 5,DIRECTOR GEN OF MUNITIONS-ENGINES FOR TANKSWe have now reached the stage where we
candiscern fairly clearly the requirements in the way of Enginesfor the new Cruiser Tanks to be made in Australia.To give the required performance about 400horse-power is required, and with the minimum
practicableweight. It appears that practically every country is nowfacing the same problem of how to obtain the right kind ofengine to give the necessary performance in a Cruiser Tank,therefore it is not possible to get ready
assistance from theUnited Kingdom, America or any other country to which we haveaccess.After checking and cross-checking every possibleengine that might be available to us, it appears that the onlyreally worthwhile
Tank engine, as such, is the Guiberson T.l4OORadial Diesel made by the Guiberson Company in conjunction withthe Buda Company in the United States. The Guiberson enginehas been used for some time by the United
States Army in theirTanks, mostly of the 300 h.p. model, but it is understood thatsome of a higher horse-power are now being tested, and furtherquantities have been ordered.In all directions, Colonel Watson when in
theUnited States made a very careful survey of this matter, fromreports written by Mr. Chamberlain, and from a Technical Journalit appears that the Guiberson Radial Diesel is an excellentengine for the purpose.There is a
common agreement as between theTechnical branches of the Army and ourselves that the ultimateobjective would be the manufacture in Australia of the T.l40OModel Guiberson Radial Diesel Engine, but, unfortunately,
theremust be a fairly long time lag to bring this about, and, there-fore, we have taken out an insurance by ordering at the requestof the Army, 1500 Cadillac Engines, which will be grouped to-gether in threes, giving an
aggregate horse-power of 575."Wl-/u/512¢,111\JA quotation has been received from General Motors-Holden's for these engines, at a very low price, somewhere about£150 per engine complete. Should at some later date
thesituation arise whereby the Guiberson Engine, either by localmanufacture or procured complete from the United States, can bemade available quicker than is now indicated, there is no shadowof doubt that these Cadillac
engines could be disposed of easilyat the price the Government is paying for them, as they are oftenused successfully in motor boats and in other forms where motivepower is required.11
‘ .T*1} 2. 'It appears very fortunate indeed that we havebeen able to get into a position to discuss the manufactur-ing rights and the like with Guiberaon in the United States,and Messrs. Glapp and Chamberlain should be
congratulated onmoving so quickly. However, by the telegram just re-ceived, dated February 22nd, the terms and cost indicated aremuch higher than ever we expected, therefore a reply has beensent indicating that we are
quite upset at such a highfigure.It is believed that this Guiberson Radial Dieselengine could be manufactured by a group of sub-contractorswho are now handling the "Gipsy" Major Aero Engine, which isassembled and co-
ordinated by General Motors-Hlden's, atFisherman's Bend. However, there will be an extraloading placed on industry in terms of the quantities, andcomponents such as the Crankcase, which will need extraspecial
machines and tooling.The problem on which I should like your guidanceis whether we should press hard to have this engine taken upas a local manufacture in Australia or whether there areother items of Defence
manufacture and munitions which per-haps may take priority over the Diesel engine for the Tank.L.d§ Hartnett,Director of Ordnance ProductionLi 4
.1) ¢L .M. A-C. SMITHSECRETARIATWill you please have the under-mentioned message despatched toMr. F‘.B. Clapp, New York, in cypher :MUNITIONS M-O. CLAPP AND CHAMBERLAIN FROM HARTNETTREFER
YOUR N.Y. 502APPRECIATE PROGRESS AND YOUR EFFORTS GUIBERSON HOWEVERFOLLOWING POINTS NEED CLARIFYINGONE - VERY PERTURBED AT INDICATED PRICE T1400 GUIBERSONNAMILY
9100 DOLLARS COMPARED SAY PRATT WHITNEY WASP SUPERCHARGED AND ASSUME FINER WORKMANSHIP TIGHTER TOLERANCES ANDBALANCE BELIEVE LISTED IN AMERICA 9000 DOLLARS
PARAGRAPHHAD ASSUMED GUIBERSON MUCH COARSER HACTICE THANAIRCRAFT ENGINES AND MUCH EASIER TO MANUFACTURE AND CONSIDERABLYLOWER PRICE THIS HIGH PRICE STRONGLY
AFFECTS ALL OUR THINKINGFIRSTLY INDICATES REFINEMENT IN MANUFACTURING AND DIFFICULTIESWHICH WOULD MAKE IT COMPLICATED TO PLACE OUT WITH A NUMBER OFCONTRACTORS
SIMILARLY TO DEHAVILLAND GIPSY PRACTICE stop CABLECHAMBERLAIN'S TECHNICAL APPRAISAL MANUFACTURING PROBLEM COMPAR-ING WITH PRATT WHITNEY JASPTWO - ROYALTY
EXCESSIVELY HIGH VIEW OF PRODUCTION PROGRAMEHERE OE OVER 1550 ENGINES SUCH VOLUME WOULD FINALLY GIVEGUIBERSON VERY HIGH REVENUE HOPEFUL WHEN SUCH VOLUME
ANDFIGURES INDICATED TO GUIBERSON ROYALTY AMOUNT CAN BE REDUCEDPROGRESSIVELYTHEE - IS GUIBERSON RELIABLY ESTABLISHED COMPANY AND DOESAGREEMENT COVER ANY INTER-
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUIBERSON INDBUDA MEANING IF GUIBERSON WERE TO SELL OUT TO BUDA OR ANY OTHERCONCERN FULL OBLIGATIONS FOR ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE WOULD WE
BEINSURED ,FOUR - HOPE RIGHTS COVER BRITISH EMPIRE CERTAINLY SHOULDINCLUDE EMPIRE EASTERN GROUP
’ 7 / J)Page 2.FIVE - ‘ COULD 50,000 DOLLARS DOWN PAYMENT BE TREATED ASADVANCE OF ROYALTY PAYMNT MANING NO ROYALTIES PAYABLE UNTILNINETEITH ENGINE PRODUCED IN AUSTRALIASIX
- CONFIRM ROYALTIES AND AGREEMENT COVER PROPRIETARYITEMS ACCESSORIES PROTECTION INFRINGEMENT AND LIKESEVEN - CONSIDER SUPPLYING OF TOOLING VALUABLE ASSET
BUTNECESSARY SUCH TOOLING CAN FIT INTO MACHINE TOOL AVAILABILITY ANDTYPIFIED BY CONTRACTORS EQUIPMNT MAKING GIPSY PARTSEIGHT - WHAT ASSISTANCE CANIE RENDERED BY
GUIBERSON INOBTAINING MACHINE TOOLSNINE - MAY NE ASSUME WE WOULD ENJOY GUIBERSON CONTRACTPRICES OR BETTER IF AVAILABLE GIVING US OPTION PURCHASE THROUGHGUIBERSON
OR DIRECT ON PROPRIETARY LINES SUCH AS FUEL PUMPSINJECTORS CARTRIDGE STARTERSTEN - ESSENTIAL ENTIRE PROPOSITION HAS FULL APPROVALOF U.S. GOVERNMENT AT nASHINGTON
ALSO SAVING CLAUSE IFINTERNATIONAL SITUATION MAKES IMPOSSIBLE FULFILMENT CONTRACTELEVEN - WILL SOME ENGINES SUPPLIED BE MADE FROM TOOLINGTO BE SHIPPEDTWELVE - WILL
PERSONNEL BE MADE AVAILABLE TO COM TOAUSTRALIA SUCH AS REPRESENTATIVE ENGINEERING DESIGN STAFFPRODUCTION ENGINEER FACTORY MENTHIRTEEN - GUIBERSON INDICATES
LICENSE COVERING WHOLE RANGEOUR IMMEDIATE REQUIREMENT ONLY T1400 COULD REDUCTION BE ARRANGEDACCORDINGLY.FOURTEEN — ASSUME COVERING DEVELOPMENT MANS MAKING
AVAILABLECONTINUALLY TO US ALL IMPROVEMENTS MODIFICATIONS ADAPTATIONSRESULTS OF RESEARCHFIFTEEN - CAN ASSURANCE BE GIVEN ESSENTIAL PROPRIETARY LINESNOT
MANUFACTURED ANYHOW AT OUTSET IN AUSTRALIA SUCH AS FUEL PUMPSINJECTORS AND CARTRIDGE STARTERS ARE IMMEEIATELY AVAILABLE FORSHIPMENT AND EVERY INDICATION THAT
AVAILABILITY WILL BE INSUREDFOR FUTURESIXTEEN - WOULD APPRECIATE YOUR HAVING FULL DISCUSSION WITH
1i1i5. _ _._,J, 7. L30D.M. CARROLL OF C.A.C. WHO HAS EXPERIENCE THIS MATTER WHENMAKING SIMILAR ARRANGEMENTS FOR PRATT WHITNEY LICENSESSEVENTEEN - SUMMARISING PERTURBED
HIGH PRICE OF ENGINEINDICATED HIGH ROYALTIES AND DIFFICULTY OF MANUFACTURE ALSOWOULD APPRECIATE COMPLETE CONFIRMATION THAT GUIBERSON T1400ENGINE IS MECHANICALLY
EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE IN TANK ANDREQUEST YOU OBTAIN WRITTEN CONFIRMATION OF THIS POINT FROMBEST AUTHORITIES INCLUDING U.%. ARMY EXPERTS PARAGRAPHNEWTON NOW SAILING
MARIPOSA TO ASSISTL J. Hartnett,Director of Ordnance Prodctionlst March, 1941I \._»
r, /Y1‘/1'“. ft(((¢,_n,Ce1§4' FI/ax? '“"MEMORANDUM OF CONFE C IN THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL __OF MUNITIONS' OFFICE UN SATURDAY, 29TH MARCH, 1941, AT §;Z<;11.10 a.m.Pgesent: Mr. Essington
LewisMajor-General T. R. Williams,Colonel Watson.§gQj§g§: CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING THE DECISION TOORDER FROM AMERICA, CADILLAC ENGINESK. FOR AUSTRALIAR MAPE CRUISER
TAHKQLThe decision to utilise Cadillac engines as powerunits of the first 575 tanks to be built in Australia on thebasis of three engines in each tank was cabled to Mr. F.B.C1app,New York, by the Director of Ordnance
Production on 11th March, ii1941. This cable indicated that 1,295 engines, which included 15%,spares, were to be supplied by General Motors Cadillac Divisionat the rate of 150 per month, commencing within one
month.Cable of 14th March from Mr. A.n.Chamberlain indicat-ed that he was rather perturbed about the decision to utiliseCadillac engines and cable of 24th March from Mr. F.B.Clapp saidthat Mr. Dewar and General
Motors (New York) Engineers queriedthe decision.Colonel Watson explained that the most suitable enginefor the Australian Cruiser Tank is the Guiberson developing about400 h.p. and weighing about 1500 lbs. but this is
not availablefor the first batch of tanks. At one time consideration was givento the utilisation of Ford engines, of which there are between5/4000 available in Australia, ixnm but the idea was placed onone side as these
engines do not provide sufficient power,developing only 500 h.p. as against a requirement of approximately400 h.p.- Colonel Watson said that the tanks in use in theMiddle East are fitted with 2 A.E.C. Diesel Motors. The
Cadillacengine was proved as a possible alternative to the A.E.C. andthere is no apparent engineering reason why 5 Cadillac engines willnot meet the requirements for the Australian Cruiser Tank as theyare practically
interchangeable with the Ford.Colonel Watson explained that his proposal for theutilisation of 3 Cadillac engines was favourably commented on bytwo authorities, viz. Professor Burstall of the Melbourne Univer-sity and Mr.
Code of the Vacuum Oil.Quite apart from the mechanical considerationsinvolved, Mr. Lewis said that the decision to use Cadillac enginesmight raise protests in certain quarters in view of the relationshipexisting between the
Director of Ordnance Production and GeneralMotors. Both Maj.-Gen. Williams and Colonel Watson assured Mr.Lewisthat the Army itself had decided upon the adoption of the arrange-ment of 5 Cadillac engines giving a
total of approximately 400 h.p.and that the Director of Ordnance Production had nothing to dowith the decision to accept Colonel Watson's solution; in other wontthe decision to use Cadillac engines was reached
irrespective ofwho made the engines and without any influence at all by Mr. Hartndt%r\ - — \.
4 ,.' A-I.— QI7 J, ‘.-2-Concurrently with the Cadillac arrangement, however,the Directorate of Ordnance Production is continuing negotiationswith the Guiberson Company in U.S.A. in respect of manufacturinglicence for the
Guiberson "T" 1400 Diesel engine of U.S. designand manufacture, which is the only engine approximately theideal requirement.In addition, although the proposal to use the Fordengine has not so far been adopted because
of its lower powerrating, plans for the utilisation of this engine, of whichthere are stocks in Australia, will be developed in parallelwith the Cadillac as a precautionary measure in case of difficult-ies arising in the
Pacific.000000Colonel Watson advised on Tuesday, 1st April, when aportion of this minute was read to him, that one pointoverlooked at the time, was that Cadillac engines did not cutacross any other suppliers, in other
words the Cadillac peopleare an untapped source so far as Defence requirements are concernedboth here and in America......»;__ , ,_ __.i _ 4-
W/J * §__, _Zww
% ;<._¢. , /Lug,6?-iv,"-L.@-»v<-..l_4\fl“‘_\0»l~/%/‘ _P\\)\T ‘*‘\‘°‘7 ~ * Lr>»9»°
COPY FOR COLONEL WATSON e'IZRAIIIUI OI GOIIIHHCI II IE1 DIIBCIOI-GHEIAL 0? lUII'lIOII'1, 4%=w*' :;,',:am::: '4 (W4-A .Colonel Ia‘ 444? \mug: czacuumwcss sunnounne m naczsror ro onrisn\ "~ csursn ram. 1l___
A ; ; :_; =»__ ,;_ _,— I W _ __,__ _; 0 .The decision to utilise Cadillac engines as power unitsor the first 3'75 tanks to be built in Australia on the basis ofthree engines :|.n each tank was cabled to Ir. F. B. Clspp, New mm,by
the Director of Ordnance Production on iith larch, 1941.Ihis cable indicated that 1,298 engines, which included 15$ spares,were to be supplied by General llotors Cadillac Division at the rateof 150 per month, commencing
within one month.Cable of 14th 1-larch from Hr. A.H-Chamberlain indicatedthat he was rather perturbed about the decision to utilise Cadillao1'7, engines and cable of 24th llaroh from Hr. F.B.Clepp said that'/ T Geiessel
Dewar and General llotors (New York) Engineers queried the 1decision » /‘[(/.,¢\,//I-'»<--¢_.J*l<<¢J-e,<,W Colonel Iatson explained that the n engine for theAustralian cruiser tank is one developing bets d0l},i-$ P.and about
‘£51311’! lbs. in weight, -~ 1- A-,_u;__,;‘-\’_,____;~- L3: ~. _ One time consideration was given ~' ~~' u ea ~'» = ~"~ esand although approximately 2000 oi’ these are available in Australia,J the idea was placed on one side
as these engines do not provideésutricient power, developing only 300 h.p. as against a requirementapproximately 4:00 h p§v rm 1 ' ' zw,@..l;-. ‘r~¢*~. or Colonel Iatson said that the tanksE‘ E Q st are fitted with 2 A.B.C.
Diesel llotors md tnr W 1»earried out with success in hzgland on tanks titte aenginesfthere is no apparent engineering reason why 8 Cadillacwill {not meet the requirements for the Australian cruiser tank. nag"_,;,,, /~17
¢1/V4./v\,_ ¢,,L,_‘_,__,; 4-\.-\¢((—u ¢’¢¥"-\-efC/"‘L ~'~»4.<_//e4 ¢»r»;(,. J’Colonel Watson explained that his proposal for the’ utilisation of 3 Cadillac engines was favourable cemented on byIsIi _b authorities, via Professor
hxrstalloi‘ the Melbourne varsity mad Ir. Code or the Vacuum Oil.Quite apart from the mechanical considerations involved,Mr. Lewis said that the decision to use Cadillac engines night‘ raise protests in certain quarters in
view of the relationshipexisting between the Director oi’ Drdnanoe Production and Generallotors. Both Major-General Iillialss and 30101111 Iatson assuredllr. Lewis that the Army itself had decided upon the adoption ofthe
anugumt ot 8 Cadillac engines ¢, giving amy total oz 5 h.p., and that the rector or Ordnance Production had"M" " to do with the decision to accept Col. Iatson's solution; inother words, the, decision to use Cadillac engines
Ias reachedirrespective of who sade the amines and sithont any influence atall by Hr. Harimett. |PRO! GADILI-Ad HGIIII I'D! LUSEHALIAI IIDI '
I4-uIGoncurrently with the Cadillac arrangement, however,the Directorate of Ordnance Pretkuetion is continuing negotiationswith the Guibereon company in 8.8.4. in reepeet of nenuteehu-in;leoenoe for the Guibereon '1'"
1400 Diesel engine of 0.8. designand manufacture, which in the only engine approximately theideal requirelent.In addition, although the proposal to use the Ford aweiue has not so for been adopted beeeuee of its lewer
powerrating, plane tor the utilisation of this engine, er whichthere are stocks in Australia will be developed in parallelwith the Cadillac an a preoaugionary measure in ease of di££icu1t-iea arising in the Pacific.eueneeeea
Colonel Watson advised on Tuesday, 1st Aprilwhen/portion of this minute I'll read to him, that one pointwhich he had wished to mention at the meeting and ehioh heoverlooked at the time, was that Cadillac engines did not
outecren any other suppliers, in other words the Cadillac peopleare an untapped source so far as Defence requirements ereconcerned, both here and in America.e e\ i
-rsur = M ml. ' ,.\" ";)_i\]\"//‘\\' > Q1':v.:a.;:;|c ADDRIBS: "surne:v" MELBOURNE. . Q /\3\\ \ *1-' /Q‘ - : ~~-. I \\ \ L€"y\\\‘.§<‘ Iii 51¢common EALTH OF AusTRA£.1A.,~9 i ’Wk/W/y/V Mmnsmv or Munlnonvszu /Q )1 \- <> “
Western House"83 Williwn Sheet,Bmunw,CJ.In ugly qml: Na.»i3§‘\428th March, 1941MEMORANDUM TO : Mr. Essington Lewis,DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF‘ MIINITIONS.I desire to acknowledge receipt of
yourmemorandum of the 25th inst., asking that a review bemade of the order for Cadillac engines for the first375 Tanks, and I wish to advise you that this matterhas been referred to Colonel Watson, who is at presentin
Sydney, for a further report.I should like to mention that the se-lection of an arrangement of three (5) Cadillac enginesto supply the power for the projected Cruiser Tank waspresented by Colonel Watson, as Director of Tank
Design,in collaboration with his officers. The suggestionfor the use of this engine did not emanate in any wayfrom any member of this Directorate.Before making his recommendation ColonelWatson went so far as to locate
a Cadillac car and havethe engine removed and exhaustively tested by the Aero-nautical Research Department of the Council for Scienti-fic and Industrial Research, in conjunction with GeneralMotors—Holden's,
Melbourne.For your information, I am listing thefactors that have influenced the Director of Tank Designin his selection; they are as follows :-(l) The ideal engine for the Australian Cruiser Tankshould be one devzloping
between 400 and 475 h.p.aid not exceeding 8-900 lbs. in weight.(2) An engine completely in accord with these re-quirements has proved unprocurable notwithstand-ing a wide search abroad. The only approxima-tion in this
respect is the Guiberson T.l4OODiesel engine of United States design and manu-facture.(5) The Guiberson has been examined in the UnitedStates on behalf of the Directorate of Tank De-sign, but there has been a
hesitation to proceedwith the securing of a manufacturing licenseuntil further data is forthcoming as to -a. Its reliabilityb. Its entire suitability to the type of Tankenvisaged.
I/u<>\~¢\“‘\2.c. The status of the Guiberson Company from thestandpoint of insuring that prevailingcircumstances can be relied upon.Even had a suitable engine been revealedimmediately and satisfactory arrangements
been possible inrespect of a manufacturing license, the Tank ProductionTiming Chart did not admit the embodiment of the period fordevelopment and preliminary production associated with themanufacture of such engines
in Australia.The only decision possible in the interestsof securing some tank production within the period desiredby the Army was for them to develop a design consistent withwhat is reasonably to hand, and to cover a pre-
determinednumber of tank units on this basis pending finality on themore ideal engine.An arrangement of three Cadillac engineseach of 125 h.p. giving a total of 575 h.p. was consideredby Colonel Watson and his staff to
be the best solution.Accordingly an order was placed forCadillac engines for the first 375 Tanks of the programmeso that production would not be held up indefinitely.To actively further the investigations nowbeing made in
the United States, Colonel Milner, as theArmy Representative, proceeded to that country by Clipper,and Mr. Newton and Mr. Williamson have just reached thereby steamer, and will enter into deliberations affectingthe
likelihood of our being able to manufacture the Guibersonengine effectively in Australia should the license bearranged.As promised above, Colonel Watson will beasked on his return from Sydney to submit a further reporton
this subject, which will be forwarded to you withoutdelay.IL.J. Hartnett,Director of Ordnance Production1M‘\J\11w\|\w
\- useII.\\5‘\3.,. -i.~,~ 1;!‘.‘.:»>§--=.;;w?? 1”’ 2- , _,4,9”? 9 I '33:’,eq, _ _ _ BR|T|$H PURCH/\$|NG COMMISSI ' \ ~15 J3“ \d~J'~'~*""‘:“'~‘ » I RA IAN DIVISION ‘ /Y’ - ,“‘ W 'Q,°'_j'|‘;j‘_ H; 1/IN RIPLY, nurse 1'01 " ’ I X I15
BROAD STREET, usw YORK 5 -|-n_",,,,," "ANN" 2.2450~ '1‘.- an 25th March, 194.1.voun nartnsncm / '_'f"” '_‘_i'R /I | ~ lb I‘icomr.r,..Lsn ; I M MAMMr. L. J. Hartnet ,,,,r,MDirector of Ordna ' l 4‘ L V ‘ i LT“ Lu» W MMinistry of
iluniti ns | ' 1 I J" \\83 William Street, ; I V i ms)! '=@»~\x"“" ‘5‘°"""dM 11:0 0.1. F’ 'A§sm1?1.mZ' ""d’“‘°‘7“"‘IThis will acknowledge your cable of March llth.,No.628,in which you advise that a decision has recently been made
to utilizeCadillac engines for tanks, which you are manufacturing in Australia,and that three (3) engines will be used per tank.On receipt of this cable I despatched a copy to Mr.Chamberlain and also one to Mr. Michael
Dewar. I felt that the lattergentleman should be kept informed of what we are doing merely as a matterof courtesy, as he has co-operated very closely with this office at alltimes and has been of great assistance to Mr.
Chamberlain since he hasbeen in this country.Whilst it is realized that my primary function in thiscountry is to superintend the purchasing of material for the CommonwealthGovernment, at the same time, however, I consider
my responsibility doesnot cease there and that I should pass on any information which may cometo my knowledge from time to time to the departments interested inAustralia.In this connection, and without in any Iay
wishing tocriticize on a subject about which I have no knowledge, I feel that youshould know that the decision to use 3 Cadillac engines per tank hasbeen very definitely criticized by Messrs. Dewar and Chamberlain andalso
the engineers of the General Motors Company. Mr. Dewar presumablybases his criticism on information given to him by Mr.Carr, but this, ofcourse, is only conjecture on my part.In view of the above I felt that I had no option
but toadvise you and I consequently cabled you on the 22nd instant brieflyoutlining the position and telling you that you could take the informationfor what you felt it was worth.I rather gathered from a discussion which I had
withColonel Milner that Australia was in a position where something in connectionwith the tank programme has got to be done with the least possible delay,I - ~--____%, / Y‘. . } I ' .Dear Mr. mrtnett, , €..E.\~.~-~q,.¢.I‘~52
K\YMr L J Hartnett 25th Ma ch 1941and whilst it may not be considered that the 3 engine arrangement isthe most suitable proposition from an engineering point of view, at thesame time it is the best and quickst method
offering at the present timeand at least ensure that an initial supply of tenks will be produced,SLlfLlC1.eIl't~ to carry over until such time as a suitable type of enginewill become available.I "egret very much that the
Guiberson negotiations have notprogressed, but quite irankly G\1lD8I‘SOl1 himself is a very difficultindividual, and as he has a pretty good idea that time is one of our mostimportuit factors, and that he happens to have
designed and have inproduction an engine which most satisfactorily meets our conditions, hehas more or less adopted a "take-it-or-leave-it" attitude. In thisre s;§_,ii‘ 1Q_1;__,st:gJ__;ish us 40 pursue 93;; negotiations with
this gentlemen,would ver1_g;eatly as ist if you would give us a definite instruction _to ne ctiete for lustralian manufacturing riéts, ging use to’* =='* " * V -—-¢ 1:====~Yours very trulc .c following mail-l\@wsg'.--_-»-_‘-_‘-be“ _
pi*J> fl
1: '».~==:.: *.~ 4~.~_.,--r-2,:-. '41, ,7.’ -._' -- -‘ma"" '5‘ ,-....-:..'.¢*COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. IfMINISTRY OF MUNITIONS."Western House"’ ; aa Willi Street,/{Q/X ALihmnm,CJ.PInr¢l||qml:No.‘,»\ 3rd March, 1941-.
.‘\‘._'1MEMORANDUM TO : Mr. Essington Lewis,DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF MUNITIONS-ENGINES FOR TANKSThe basic design for the AustralianCruiser Tank has now advanced sufficiently to reveal therequirements
and broad specification of the motive poweror engine required.400 horse-power is required to giveanything like the satisfactory performance demanded inGeneral Staff specifications. In the ordinary courseof commercial
industry, no such engine exists which cangive 400 horse-power and yet be within a weight bracket of,say, 1600 lbs., and if a much heavier engine than this isselected more power is needed to give the necessary power-to-
weight ratio for performance.Most countries, including the UnitedStates, have had to draw upon aero engines and we believethere is an acute enough shortage of these in Australianot to press unnecessarily hard for
them.Achieving our timing schedule on.theCruiser Tanks is given the fullest cognizance, thereforethe following routes appear to be the most logical :(1) As an insurance policy, and to provide us withfairly satisfactory motive
power, three (5)Cadillac engines of 125 h.p. each would be harnessedtogether in a special sub-assembly which, as a unit, canbe dropped into the Tank.These engines have been quoted by General Motors-Holden's on a
special price and delivery basis completewith accessories, of about £150 each, delivery at the rateof 150 a month, commencing almost immediately.Confirmed by the Army, these have been ordered andwill supply us with
something to fall back on.If the occasion did arise whereby we did not useany of these engines, there is every indication that theycould be disposed of readily at a profit for use in motorboats and a number of other uses,
because the price of anengine such as this normally stands at about £550 each.' ~ 1” *//snu; song; M soon. '' ‘L26!-IAPHIC Annasss; “IUI'DEV" MELBOURNE. i__ Kv»-<\.\ Wl \
K \\ ~ /\ ‘ 2‘ L»Colonel Watson has full knowledge that thisCadillac engine was tested completely in England for thispurpose and showed up satisfactorily.2. The really sound solution of the engine problemappears to be the
T.14OO Radial Diesel made byGuiberson in conjunction with Buda in America.We have preliminary advice from America now ofa scheme which would enable us to obtain some engines,following up with rough components
before machining, thenenabling us to take on manufacture.We have replied asking a number of questionsand making suggestions, and there is every indication thatif it is decided to follow this route, the Guiberson can
beobtained for Australia.Colonel Watson and others are extremely en-thusiastic about the idea of having within the Empire asource of supply for such a satisfactory engine, but werequire direction from you as to nether this
programmeshould be taken on in Australia, bearing in mind themany other needs.Undoubtedly a cable to England asking for theirreactions would produce a reply that they would supportenthusiastically the manufacture of
the Guiberson T.l4OORadial Diesel in Australia, and, if required, the UnitedKingdom might be able to help with a few special machinetools for early delivery.By discussion, I could provide you with anumber of points
resulting from a survey of the project tomanufacture this engine in Australia.To summarise: We have the Cadillac enginesto fall back on, and we are reasonably sure of obtainingthem. They will give a fairly satisfactory
solutionof the problem. Almost the ideal "Guiberson" T.l4O0is available to us, either for shipment or local manufacture,if decided upon.The highly desirable route to follow would beto have this Guiberson Radial Diesel
"farmed" out to someforty or fifty sub-contractors who are now handling partson the "Gipsy" Aero engine, and for the same co-ordinatingcontractors to take on the work would mean, in effect,that an ideal tank engine would
follow in the wake of thepreliminary training engine, i.e. the "Gipsy", now beingmade. Hartnett ,Director of Ordnance Production
QV , s -"-'"‘*-*'""*"'"""~~". > """"**~ e.c o P Y. A,_ 2WCommonwealth or Australia,Ministry of Munitions,Block "N",M0/AFV/WDW/MA. Army H.Q., st. Kilda Road.26th February, 1941.Mmorandum to -, Mr. L. J. Hartnett,Director
of Ordnance Production.1 As meeting held on 24/2/41 to discuss theQovision of motors for Cruiser Tanks, it was decided that thefirst three hundred and thirtynine (539) tanks should be fittedwith Gadillac Engines.Would you
please now take steps to obtainsufficient engines for installation in these tanks from Messrs.Generl Motors-Holdens Ltd.One thousand one hundred and sixty seven (1,167)engines should be sufficient to cover 559 tanks,
plus 15% spareengines. In addition maintenance tools, maintenance spares, partlists, and instruction and maintenance hand books are required.A complete Specification will be forwarded to you as soon as thismatter has
been settled between General Motors and myself.(Signed) W.D.WATSON ColonelDirector of Armoured FightingVehicles.2/41.
»,.-,_ \._/1/ ,_ ,.$26‘J OYE?~‘I"‘*7!ITIl\T, .i---_..__...REPURTon§znm{m.(_;;f(>:: zmxvnsc CRUISER :“.mK.': '-':I'1';}Ti T"? -'? 133.13B!Professor A. '-‘- Fimstall, D.Fc., Ph.I‘., 7»’.I.F1ech.‘£.andIf?‘ A0 Ru COQQ, Ao~ QIQA‘-
9¢hqu, ROIIAOYQ _18th W512i‘. 1941./~,
/5 / '‘ax=Qm%&' APROPOSAL FOR DRIVING , TANKS WITH THREE0n!ussdq1sst,F0hnas.r,y11th,IsIe:-ssshsdhyI:-.L.J. Bsrtnstt,D1nota-stm~:!amasP1-odustisn,toIi.nsthsphnlybtddlhlhdlklrssnnginsdmtqakththnus tang
dssipsd st Vista-is rst. Is hsvs an hsd ms 1Ovpwhmitj d dilcmslng tit diliglilth C0135]. ‘titans!!! 021109attics!-I st Victuris Blrrssts, Ill Is ambit, as 1'01-lws, ourosnsidcrsd aplnlsn in 1-sgsrd to u gs-sjsct.svlM_A_1gnn
mwcoggrrrg.1. '1'hs:I'0psss1rstyntbst@sustod21vsthstsnkI1thtl:~sssnginssthmughtlrosslutshsssudthsmstssoaasngssrbuasppsss-
stoustobsunsaumrurthsrsusuziststsdbolos.1'hssmsndodsuggsst1enputturIsrdbyus,thstsfourtho1utchsh0u1db01n01nl0d,th1scJ.utehtof-l'1II|s1thsIhn100tth0posertrmthstl-n-osnginsstlwllrltoustouvsroithsditfloultiss sad Is
consider tl_d.s propossl to bs quits s swatIt Ishlvsbomsaksdtonalxtmlnlcrltialatlbilnlsproposal st this stsgs, sm to oonrins our consideration togsnsrsl qusstlm rsthsr than to say ésts. or tbs design, llthe details sppssr to bs
quite strs.1.ghttorIu-d and, 1:-ovidsdtint tho various puts at tbs transmission are papal;wopartlonsd, Us cousins: that tbs smsndsd design I111'bo~satisfactory-Sq
ThOI'0pOOl1tof1t!!O0~I2|so1c1utcl10Qt06Il't&1nnl’8h_lsnginssorthstsnkvsuldnot, £nourop&n1sn,bsssst1s-factory solution at the problsm hoosuss it would be vsrydifficult to dovslsp I sstistsctc-y free-Ishssl mechanism
tintwould stand up to satin ssrucs conditions. Tbs dsvs1n§ntIn-ktnstsoumbsraqulz-sdru this purpossrouldsssanss
oI¢ umzau-an-uueurvuu-u.sanmn,1nmac.ua-an"tlnothnnlwnl-nuslylanvntlnbuntni-untrcrtln .vlrtionhz-u'oJoet'mhr0an1duIlt1m.4. Iohnbouinrurnoathntioohlwo-pun-uanonuuyhobh1ar0nomb1cp0rtu'nunorrcuthna8Ou&.
Iolbeaxmthatthadocignnolngtttarudmgtnnalhaalabooqp1¢ua1na¢a11vrncnu-1lranru1nu¢qhoobeu.aawhat. Icoenn1dnut,1tcpnoopnrd.t|,1tI111bopantiublo to Iuptrehnrgg thn Fwd qginu with
100011;nadaomtrlmgnlblauoaoallzln-boontwoaunvoct8i1bo.1|Iraq.$auh,u1naInnnc1o1pt0ntncutyatutnc1cat8'!0h.p.I111boob1=n1marrcut!u~ooPo:-anlruu-;Iagincnvithnnt detmnttmihmmingvoootnm phwl.w. 1-mnuu um:
cwuuunmmn on saw:-chi!-sing canFord angina ho started inuuhly at uolbcuz-an vulva-anyvhnrolcnoyucl-u'IIpor10noootth1u0ng1.:ucathotutbodhlallrondybotaloqv-lirid.8. Iolhmzldllhtodnrnttonclmtothnnoooanitytcrn'£11t1ug'
‘hat ofthlliruurylnd/<l'0Id111nc%.nq!.lG'dIl'o6!il1rOt!I8tb011IuI|pBO1I'b0cCUl6l'JCIunhumaomtinrvhntmglothoimknqlln-canineIwkingeonditian. lhpwilimdlttnbhhtqiatin alumna er mu aubatitutlm at a dry Imp lubrication:uyshnru-
thnIotmmpI7ut0nIMI@IP1I¢d’Ihu1lboautriciout to ovwoqn any diabzllltion tau which thanangina any nutter 1:: thin ccmocticu. Io tool. that It thisJunot1n~o1t1a\Im0o0uu'yroruntoattcuptto0:la1no,1ndetail, tin modifications
ibloh my later hnvo to ho B40s1noot.tnnt0rhnoIb0i.ngg1v0nati=0nt1mbythnD1r0o9I\£Qotbuign. Itwlnbomoallpatlntozpu-lonaowiththnlnrkvhoatutmkintblutnrnhwodthlnbobonecessary with tho 15011.9. tank Onginu
tlnnimplqu,(S00 Rlclrdo, "'l'l'l Ihilrml Ciuntim En5l.nl', V01. II,can-12.)hi
-3- 6. txperimoeeiththeeenetabehneedtheneeeuitytceeqmtee1.re1eanc~e,emIeIugeett2nteir£i1tel'ectthevieaauea-iwilulnnttrpeebeeéeptedtortleillalitb tilting eouiitime tb Oblill in I kqi!Ienwgiveeaehaheroeueieeretime
enehieheurviere heve been heed.nu-no lggimp ma Tires
Cltliee.ThepapaneubnittedtemleethetnthrnetcadmuPcréeiuteheeehmllbelettmeeehenglneendttnireereting1eVerec0up1eteget!IteotltttIn6riVel'etthet@k,Illlilft!Igendgeerernnging,eou1d\uee11trno1utaheeeina1teneuniytm-
eughe Jingle operating lever. It Ia argue that it would heehentegeomtoieevetheatemu-aoiutaheeontheengineuthay0001:! be med for qzickly die0@!oeting Cw engine that I151!
bedemged1neaticn,eotmtthetmkoo:n.agethuneontloengi.nee.ineidition, eaeengine couidbe ntertedupeieuelmueedtoeteltup the other tea, time eeving Bette:-iee. The primipel objectionto this I-rrengemant is that Ie think it
I111 not be poeeibie toeneure that e11 the ciutohae elip en eqml emamt, mil, thcetnre,whm gear Ghlnging or starting the enginee, the stiffer olutchee I111be celled upon to provide met at the eterting torque, end tineotteat
clutch, 1.0., the one that slips meet reedily, I111 elipeven more during lterting end my quickly burn out. It lvpeereto ue tht conatlnt adjustment end exnimtion nf than tlree olutoheeIould be naceeeu-y to prevent this
happening, end ee do not thinktilt the sclmme is aetiatectary. ’'1'hI'e_e am Pour cllutehee.The edditim of I fqrth clutch eepeble at trlnlnittiugtlaeeholeafthepcea-o1'theth1-eeenglneeovex-oxetheeboveobjection, ea the lerge
clutch only would be used under en drivingconditions. The (lily 0001318! Ihln tit other tlree Oluthbe needbe used in when starting and for throwing any engine out ct ectim,aervingtb else purpose ea dog elutchee, though, at
emu-ee, dogoiutohee wand not be peetieell in thin oeee.
IQO€V/ \HIthubannggoctultlntthotuurtholutnhlrlghtbolnonrpocltcdintbbatcaltnlnlngthnhnlndplrihllllQcmtotingthlrl-Du A11:Onnt1IO11,1tl1$Blp1lQOlbtildlthttlb-¢fl'£rQthl-Ibtitbllchiljllllglbu.
Itoomldorthntthhulllpobablqbtfuudtohiliilulklbll hcltim. In Ilh 6160, ltil. bl Ditto BM drawlothltthnc1utohop0rnt1ng10v0rcmb0l1aqa17Q'IIngd..Iamnoannmnodamnnborateircnnltunonwlzlahntglxt0&ullfli.1'|'0o£thadt1VO.Inthlfirtt
91:00, lthbtm Iuggiltl Chit It I111bonoocaau-ytouynchroniaotlaspoodnattmtlraoagiacn. Itianotclonz-vhatinnclntbythiqhoeaznolathrcolnglnnlwtllnlvqanmattmlannnpooduummctharuoooanthnynronechnnlonlly couphd tagollnr.
Hclnvor, it in 1111111317 tint thlyIindovolapthonqopovorntnllpoaitlomorthnmnnnoclumtcrpedal btomll it I111 bu llnolt Lnyollibln to eouplp thl tlI'0tt1I_»n:m1nzognnw1nm¢n-mum-emcnnzmznmnuamcmulava-an-
on1Iqu1n_1§;;tholauoponit1annaaou:onnotho1-at111 position: at tho min 000010:-star omtnol. It nhouldbo “I910tolllrugotbonlnaccola-ataremtro1lot1nt!.n1tl£n1110pll.pacltiou :11 tho throttloa In I140 cpl: and tho pus:
thiaobtainodIillbotholunatthnmlxl-annbtlixlblpfraoaahufthntllwoangina At othlr throttle position it in 111013 tint this I111bolmlldithraaacllnthnbmlquobtingluypliodbyilnhoftltnwucngzma. Thottrottlnlinllgothnuldhodouigmtdvlryon-
stun! in an-do to reduce tin vu-iatim at pwor output batmanthe individual mg-1-nil to as In 1 f1g\n\u pouihluTho eountionvhonan angina atop tiring I111 result intb0tlnkI11IIl.ngd6InInd,lfth1lG1g1no$lIlOtdOc1utubll,thOpoint
uvalhbla for driving thn tnkiill dim to nnlrly out 1112became thnhm-sapwornquairodtomtartlnthirdcngiaovillboabout 80 mp. In noon an tho third angina in doolubohd, hunvur,he thirds at the power 1111 ho avnlllblo.J
TY‘II I:can0ng!.mlhuu1<lb0uon0vuryat1ttmdtn||ato00lI0dnltolnoketlubrlat-1u|,cIOl'!altt1n¢,arotl\na'ulIn,tbtoll1mtp1t£rQthlothCtIaQg1nll&'bliII11tiOlHI¢|lghthOgen-totho 61I1i6hO1’hQ$UQ1l;hlith1IO1\l$GIl$§@-
lllllmdthiuyrovldllnafntyhvondlngotothatrualllita. Rhauggeatd, tbrofwc, tint ttlpcrtnth, torqnn @000, Q!unlvoraloenplingutruoaehcngianbodonignnanllqtbnxlnmta-apart-cbioonginilo -Icaroorthoopulanthnt
ltwuulzlbodnalrnblotatltnlunrpaminttnhvtvingnhnttadjcoqttothotlnlnlnozuhnuniagma-ad-ugmuammounzaunp-uupgumeammcaa-geennoxniurothnnuadindulodnngim. sbonldcmanginobooxinoperative nu law emu tho clutch of
um ngla I111 I11)whilst still ongagod. naalipplug I111 anuttmaiutllthoalutoain dhonpgod by the drum», but circunntanocn my 12100 Ihu-oby tbsclutch-op:-atlng nohmllnbotusn Juana, 1nvh1aho&0 111191.93I111 cmtimc until
thl tank in loypo. In Inch cireuntmeoldingo:-ottil-lintlncnginooanpntnntmzatbotlbaintotucolnt.Bythbprwhiautlhnrpimintlltlllnftuttndillbllmntutuqunenghnuinromacothndmproraumgotothntznmnuliu500:-
0,l1.no0thQp1nlI111lh0n'I:thltn:kI111bOIlnb10d€0cllryon.rbashearpinwouldlnvotobootnllsonooscau-ytoroalotntorqmgz-oatorthantlntomoriaodbyouutnginoaunloulthin that uaertod bytvo. It Iouln, at comma, In enmtial tocurry
ant actual shear tutu mdnot 9017 upm ulculitod 8180!._I£1I1I§C'tlI1t§OBB&;I.1§i3h@I@‘\‘B$ylbclutfieiint mlhrtlllancuginla, oauengzm-azuoqmppuvithitvomlhrum-inc:-ulurtonllown-
17omo:@.aobbontn:~t0|Iinthowmtofdiabltnmtcfliqnowrl. whtttoryahouldllaebootnlnrgnreapoitytlnmthntnonnllycuypllclre1n1!1v1dun1mg1n0B¢
. c - / '3 5The master clutch should, of course, be designed to carrythe total maximal torque from the three engines at the mximmtorque epeed since this represents tin most onerous conditiono towhich the clutch is likely to
be subjected in service.Free-Wheel Clutches.The suggestion has been made that, in order to facilitatestarting, the two outboard engines should be equipped with tree- _wheel clutches in addition to the ordinary plate
clutches now fittedto the engines under consideration. _ This suggestion arises fromthe desire to avoid the provision or a meter multi-plate clutch atthe rear or the _tz-ansnission housings.The free-wheel clutch is
unquestionably a practicalmechanism and we are aware that dwn-ing the period 1950 to 1935 alarge number of British cad American cars were titted with tree-wheelclutches of various kinds. From the point or view of the
presentdiscussion, however, it is important to note that neither Ford norCadillac have fitted a freewheel clutch to any of their care. Itwould therefore be necessary to adopt some one of the proprietarymakes of free-wheel
clutches available in America or England andto adapt it to the 1:-esent requirements. This adaptation wouldundoubtedly involve a certain amount of local development althoughthis is not an insuperable obstacle provided
the adequacy andcontinuity of overseas supply of some proprietary make of free-wheelclutch can be assured.Free-wheel clutches to transmit powers of the order zmderconsideration have never been nude in Australia, and
if theexperiences of some of the largest American manufacturing organiza-tions can be taken as s criterion, the ab initio developnent inAustralia of a suitable free-wheel clutch would be a time-consumingproject which, in our
opinion, is not warranted at the present time,when judged from the viewpoint of the advantages likely to accruefrom the incorporation of such clutches in the design. On the otherhand, multi-plate clutches of various kinds
have been mde inAustralia for many years by a number of different manufacturers._i____Z_?_J
- 7 _ ,/Q1’,When cosidered solely from the viewpoint or startingthe outboard engines, it appears to us that the only advantage othe poposed free-wheel clutches is that the weight of two clutchesof this type is likely to be less
than that of one multi-platemaster clutch. On th other hand, there are several disadvantageswhich we believe outweigh this advsntage:-(a) The clutch of the centre engine or starting engine will momentarilybe compelled to
absorb the entire load involved in starting thetank from rest. This will undoubtedly tend to shorten the liteof th clutch as compared to the clutches of the outboard Onghlland, in fact, actual clutch slippage may be
experienced.(b) When rigidly connected through wht is normally a non-slippingclutch, the thee engines are constrained to ru at the samespeed. If free-wheel (or over-running) clutches are fittedto any of the engines,
circumstances will undoubtedly arisefrom time to time during operation which will result in thedriving shaft over-running the engine. Due to the nature ofthe link-up of these engines, this condition might conceivablyarise
during normal running conditions when the tree-wheelaction is not desired and additional load will be thrown uponthe clutch of the engine which is not equipped with a tree?wheel drive.Operating Levers.In our opinion, the
operating pedals or levers of theindividual clutches of the engines should be so arranged that theyare quite separate and distinct from the operating pedal of themaster clutch. .We have given some consideration to the
desirability ofhaving these clutches hand-operated but are now inclined to theopinion that foot operation would probably be more convenient.However, when the design has proceeded to a further stage it may befound that
hand-operated clutches would be better. Provision shouldbe made for these clutches to be looked in the disengaged positionso that in the event of disablement of any engine the drive can bedisconected.
I’-8- V /q/£§%£i=E;"*" 1'2" "28 """l’L.%11"!.-Bnmodta-grochrpuwthminabtuianhlptrcraFed ‘I-8 angina 104 can at us (A. P. B.) ta cuggcst thondnptionntaupu-clan-ging. A any-chum thnnmdoct tlntoclnlaallitdntnroan thin subject
and nah unotul infemntian In foul in 1 grum Doecbor 10:5 by 0. ':nnvu-oft, o.a.n.", ax Rituals and co. 7‘thin pupa: was rm; diacunnd by in t$ titty mtaohilnangina:-0 at varies ccntnu in Bnglnadlnd than In gens:-11cg;-oonant
tint tn: pu-for-nnco obtained by luprehll-gin; Imld bethnt givm bola.'!'lau1thorabwathltnni.m1'Ul0outp@I0fl8Xulabe obtlinnd with n ‘I0 octun hall. by canning tho companion ration-Q6-2 I Ital->80 1. Thntuolsuuunptinnpou-
B.H.P.m--willbu incrouaod by chant at, but an nounniui otriaamy win beeonniduably inuonoa by the grants: pun 400109011. ‘mi: resultin tor I tum typo cup:-;hax-gar which giro: 1 highnr boost groan:-0at iowengiaoupoodlthnn
tlaomtrihaglltypofhlwlrqWcoomidartrntthnouatrihapltypocfblouurillwanmiy to bu utintactory 1: undo in In-go mm" in Anihmlin atem weannt :1». _Tho )‘f0IlDn0O at 1 aunt:-i.fu;;a1 auporohugor It ISi 111:1! auginaia ;g.,1Vln1!f;K
pparwhnro it is aholn ntlnins:-sue in purer d 80$ can ho cxpootad at 4,010 1-.p.n. mun thnsup0rohu-gnrI111|upp1.gnboa|twcum-ectI§1bu.prIq- inch.We suggest tint the conwcnaim rntit at the Ferd I0:-our;
oaginoIhIu1dbQ1cIO$Odtolba|t 5¢5!ib1th9 imorticnotugaskotbelow the cylinder bald. It ii not Oxpoctld tilt boublo Iill b0cxpox-ioneod by blowing botrnn adjacent cyliadu-a henna thoma-zixrsm cylinder roam:-0 I111 any ho
imrooatd by about 10%.Bur is it oxpaetad trnt there I111 be difficulty in gotting theclutch on ‘ch angina to tmnlmit thl additional torquo, thoughsun lllgh adjuahnnt to than clutches my be necessary.It is 1:-opouod that caoh
angina should be fitted withita an supercharger driven rz-Q thn crankshaft. Tho mulll"'1'hn0enarn1@utiqot8upQ<mu-51mg", hoe. Int. mtmbpn.(London) V01. xxx.._: __ _— 5* _ *:4_ ___r
ccrbwottcvlnbottttodbthnhlototthnblunrunlthoZ‘ 0'-/9.9mixture cup-and and 401110204 dirolt Lute tho mntnid throng:an abort n pipe an poulblo. Judging by oxpuvlcnu Ilth ethn-luporohnrgod unglnnl, thn hot spots In the
inshetlm Ilaltolll canprobably be diapowod with cltogothnr. ‘nan amino: are 111:0]; to ‘runmm-oamoothlyutanapoodaouinguothona-ohnnogpacummixture tint invuuadanddollvhrodtrantho nprohnrgnr.In have ulunoa tint the
blue: I111 Inn an Cticimayotoiintthomzlnnapood.I-Znqairiaahnvnbunnaoctonoraunmtuotna-ariallolbouruo to obtain pica, pertw-mo Huron, dlnnmiua QMother particulars at tbs ccntrirupl blown-0 tbs; we paprod tomanufacture
for this pm-peso.nmuoxperimulztalvorkshmxldbn bacon n tout hashin mer to conrm tin 1'1g\lI'Il givin nbovo, l ml!‘ particularlyto teat tho locally undo mp:-clnrgu-a and the prtarmmo and Incl-at the nupu-charged engine who
uprated not lug pried: an inservice enndttiou. Puilitlnc tor this Ia-k an anihblo atllnlbouz-no Untvonity when trained pa-normal. could ho dlvlrtod Iraothnr loss important Io:-I: or 1 |!:::1J.u- kind.we deli:-0 to apron our thunk: ta
Colonel Hanan andmambo:-a or his anti‘ for their auurteoy and tar anal]; supplyingus with all the tntornatiua ta‘ which Ia asked.Cori» - 5%) gr. 1.. :5 BlrtnottOICLOI lla Thu Autlzrn, J
C COMMONWEALTH OF0AUSTRALIAP MINISTRY OF MUNITIONS,Y WESTERN HOUSE,85 WILLIAM STREET,MELBOURNE, C.l.4th February, 1941.MEMORANDUM TO 2 Mr. Essington Lewis,DIRECTOR-GENERAL
OF MUNITIONS.In answer to your memorandum of the 4th inst.,the note I have already written addressed to Senator McBrideand passed to you for release, to which was attached a blueprint of the production and design
programme, can be amplifiedto answer your memorandum.The type of Tank will be a "Cruiser", with manyfeatures similar to the United States M.5 "Cruiser" Tank, whichis being used as a basis by the Dewar Mission in
Washington.Its weight will be in the neighbourhood of 20 tons.Armour Plating will vary at points of greatestvulnerability - 60 m.m.Armament — 2-pdr. Anti Tank Gun, with two (2) Vicker'sMachine Guns and Smoke
Mortar.Speed objective - 25 miles per hour.Horse—power .. 400The major problem with which we are now faced isobtaining a suitable Power Unit. We are endeavouring to bringto Australia a sample of the Guiberson 400
h.p. Radial DieselEngine, and to obtain manufacturing rights, but this may be im-possible, in which case we will probably revert to the General‘Motors‘ Diesel 6-7l, two engines linked of 225 h.p. each.This engine is similar to
the one being used on theValentine Mark 3 being manufactured in Canada for the UnitedKingdom Government, and it has been completely tried and testedfor installation in British Tanks.L. J. Hartnett,Director of Ordnance
Production.
. /€‘1'(cor!) ’ IBRITISH PURCHASING GGIIISSIOI.Tank dr. Transport Division,1535 I Street,IASHIHMUN. D.0.25rd January 1941Ir. L..T. Hartnett,Director oi’ Ordnance Production,85 Iilliala Street I O-1Dear Ir. Hartnett ,The
drawings referred to in my cables are cming in slowerthan I expected, but I an chasing them all the tile. I have about 560 moreor the ll.3 medium, including the track, and intended sending than by the same 'air mail as this
letter, however, did not now anybody travelling on this plane.Intended sending them by registered air nail and discussed this with: ourLegation, but they were very much against it. A lot oi’ bother had been causedby one oi’
our men doing something similar before as a parcel had been openedand the contents revealed. At the Legation, they could not risk a recurrence.This means that I will have to hold them for two weeks until the next plane,as
I am told that we have s man travelling than who can take them.Further to our 'phone conversation re drawings. I have beenparticularly chasing general arrangement drawings, but they are Just not hereso tar. I have to get
all drawings oi’ IL5 through the Group here and theysay that they are told that there are no G.A. drawings of 11.3 made yet.Iontroal Locomotive Works are going to build an alteredversion oi‘ [.5 and they have, perhaps,
fewer drawings than you have in Australia.‘!'he most complete list of drawings for ILS made by 3rd January,was the list which I had made to send to Australia. At Canada's request, Isupplied them with a copy of this list and
they have been working with it.They have been getting their drawings the same way as I have, but have to improvethis as they have started to build . I am going to discuss the drawing positionwith the Canadian Army
representative and the Montreal Locomotive Iorks onllonday and hope for better results after this conference. They may have to makesome drawings themselves and, it so, we should be able to get copies easily.Canada is
in the same position as we are about engines, butafter our telephone conversation today, I think I understand our position andwill do everything possible to immediately tie up a supply of "Guiberson" 'i‘.l400.‘rnese engines
have not a very extensive background and everybody in thisorganisation is hesitant of placing orders. They will definitely do the Joband are about the only type we can later build in Australia. I have been trying toget one to
send out to Anstralda, but there are only two of the '1‘.l40O and theyare hand-built.As mentioned over the telephone, I have already asked Guiberson(who is very friendly) it he will let‘ me send a mock-up of the 'I‘.ld00
engine toAustralia. As they have been experimenting with this engine for sane time, Ithought they would have enough unuseeble parts to build an engine without anyinnards to innnediately send to Australia.
-.~"“:*_. _3nt;‘ ;|v— _,_‘](COPY) vb v<2% rGuiberson engines are developed at their works in Dallas,Texas, but the '1‘. 1020 is being produced by Buds, and the 13.1400 will alsobe produced in the Buda works. Guiberson
thinks that there are enough partsat Dallas to build an engine which would really be a mock-up and, if thisis so, I will see that it goes to Australia at the earliest possible moment.The two complete 'i‘.l40O engines now belong
to the U.S.Government, so there is no hope of getting one of these.Guiberson and the Buds Company are now figuring out Just whatdelivery they could give us if we ordered now and had promised this infonnationbefore
today's phone call. They failed to do this, but I will cable you as"=Jr1~./v->-.s¢<~.K"3‘>J\,.\' iir}'<'5\ xvoon as it comes along.Since my last letter, I have spent some time at Fort Knoxith the following officers:General Ohaffee
- Officer Commanding Annoured DivisionGeneral Scott - " " " Corps.General McGruder - " " Second Division Armoured CorpsGeneral Sleigh - Engineers.Colonel S.A. Brett - Technical Engineering Officer.Colonel
BlackColonel BarrigerColonel KellyThey are giving me one-hundred percent co-operation and haveinvited ms to stay with them at Fort Knox and go on manoeuvres with the division.I could learn something from this, but
don't think the time will be available.They are all completely sold on the oil engine for tank useand their trials show that the oil engined jobs do twice the ll.P.G. of the gasjobs as well as being easier to drive. This difference
in fuel consumptionbetween oil and gasoline engined Jobs does not seem possible, and, of course,would not be if the engines were operated on full power all the time. The oilengine has a much better torque curve than the
aircraft type radial which hasto be kept at much more constant speed by many more gear changes.They are running the gasoline jobs on ninety octane fuel and,so far, have not had much success with lower.overhauls
(some new pistons, rings, etc.) and the Guiberson diesel about 500 hours.The Wright gaoline engine runs about 360 hours between majorAt this time, it is necessary to fit sane new pistons (not always a full set),always a
new set of piston rings and sometimes some new cylinders. Valves donot give them any trouble with the diesel and they have not had any bearingtrouble at all.Starting is a problem in cold weather and they are
experimentingwith a heating stove in the engine compartment of the diesel. They start oneengine with the starter and tow the other tanks with it to start their engines.I am enclosing s report on the Guiberson diesel which,
withthe details already sent, should enable you to get some idea of this engine'scapabilities.
/)5) > i .1(cor!) g VIi’ we later produce an engine such as Guiberson, it ispossible that we may be able to have sane jigs, patterns, etc., made hers,but facilities for this are gradually closing as defence orders are going tothe
smaller shops.There were some details or tuel required for Guiberson inthe folder which I sent with Mr. Shea and it will be better to check in Australiait these fuels will be available as I cannot check from this end not
knowing oursource of supply, shipping, etc. .In View or our phone conversation today, I will concentrate onsupplied of engines and transmissions, keeping you posted, by cable, ofdeve lopnent s .Have not been able to
personally check on possibility of otherbuilders than those mentioned being able to supply engines, but will make fullcheck as soon as possible. Iran information so tar at hand, a new source oi’engine supply is unlikely.The
Group here are considering the possibility of fitting intotheir proposed job two G.M. 6-'71 engines geared together. The weight oi’ twinengines or this type in a medium tank would seem to me to be far too much. Bythe time
the plumbing and cooling system is added, the unit becomes very complicated.It seems more likely than ever that the Wright Continental enginesordered by the Group will be required for aircraft and they will be forced
intoanother market. They are considering the Guiberson or more Liberty's, whicheveris available.The U.S. have been using Amplitude Modulation Radios, but get alot of trouble from the ignition shielding of gas engines with
this system.Iheir new set being developed has Modulated Frequency which they hope will getover this problem. They intend using crystal tuning which should make itunnecessary for the operator to be continually re-setting
the tuning.Above on radio is from Fort Knox.I understand that one of the worst service problems they haveis in keeping the radio shielding in order. When an engine is dismantled theshielding usually gets damaged in sane
parts and apparently checking up andrepairing takes lots of time. '1‘he standard of labour is not as high as withaircraft.I am sending with this letter, layout blueprints of "Cletrac" llilitar;Tractors M.G.l and M.G.2, also lists of
equipnent carried on these machines. M.G.l.is designed for work around airdromes and has an air compressor for landing strutsand generator for electric inertia starters. M.G.2 is designed for hauling guns,particularly the
155 Howitzer which weighs 12,000 pounds.The shells and powder charge shown on M.G.2. list are, oi‘ course,not supplied by "Cletrac", but they will supply the brackets for the shells and thecontainer tor the powder
charge.The price for either of these Jobs is not finalized, but, with theequipnent shown, will not exceed $700,000. They will supply with or without theequipnent shown and will base their prices accordingly.
rs __‘ I(com) (4) /The 16.0.2 is front sprocket drive and the suspension andtracks are designed for much higher speed than the ll.G.l.Ir. Olapp phoned today saying an order had arrived for oneM.G.2. On account of the
circumstances mentioned in my last letter, it willbe impossible to get one of these for some time. It we could imnediatelyorder 50, this number, added to 50 which the British would want, would enable"Cletrac" to start
production imediately. It is a certainty that the U.S.WarDepartment will place a large order eventually, but this may take sane time.Since my last letter, I have inspected this machine, whichis now di anantled after
successfully going through very stiff army trials andit shows no signs of wear or breakage at all. I consider it an excellent Jobmechanically and ii’ we intend ordering a number oi’ these I would like to knowas soon as
possible. "Cletrac" engineers knOI a great deal about the highspeed track-laying vehicle and most oi’ their suspension features are now beingadopted in the latest I3. They have been really splendid in giving meinformation
on track desiga and will, if we want them to, gladly check over thedetails or any track we propose making.I am now taking steps to insure a supply oi’ bearings for theJob we propose building and will cable you price and
delivery.Regarding my investigation oi’ airscrew bearings as discussedby telephone today, I enclose copy of ceblegram handed to me when first I arrived.On reading this, I took it to mean that I investigate this Job, which I
havedone excepting to write s report on the machine tools necessary. On readingthe cablegrsm again, I see that it was not intended that I actually do this job.However, I have not spent much time on it and will now ask Mr.
Clapp to havesomebody finish it.Mr. LB. Clapp was out-oi’-town when this cablegram arrived,which was unfortunate as otherwise he would have receivcd the cable first and thismistake would not have been made. In my
hasty reading oi‘ this cable, I took itto be s request from Mr. Clapp in Australia that I do this job and have onlytoday, after our telephone conversation, re-read it. The mistake in doing thisJob is certainly all mine.Just before
the phone call to Australia was through today, twocablegrams arrived, but they were not properly decoded in time to comment on thephone. Many words were missing at the time , but I understand these messageswill be
properly decoded tomorrow. This will be too late to include commentsin this letter.Yours very truly,Signed ALAN H. CH.AMBERI.AIN.Encl. -P.S. As this letter goes in the mail, a complete set of drawings oi‘the ll.3 light tank
have arrived from the U.S. War Department. I understand theseinclude general arrangements and all details. There is only one set and, as theseare wanted by the British llission, I will have copies oi‘ everything made and
putin the next air mail in two weeks time.A.H.C.
x1\\2i ==.—<»~..=_—.-A-.=e-‘-1, .-_-7 -:.,—;;..vmc :; __.~}(com Q if25rd January 1941GUIBBRSON ENGINESORIGIN.About twelve year ago, the Guiherson Company (Manufacturers of equip-ment for oil industry) became
interested in a radial compression ignition aircraftengine designed by '1haheld. This was s single valve engine oi’ about 180 B.H.P.The single valve head design was later dropped and s more orthodoxengine with a two
valve head developed. This engine, Model A1020, has flown aconsiderable distance and its performance in the air is said to be excellent.This engine has passed its C.A.A. 50 hour full throttle test with a rated output of310
ELI’.It is from this engine that the Models T1020 and T1400 have been developedThese engines were designed for use in army tanks.The "Guiberson" handbook and drawings already sent show the constructionand
dimensions of these engines.The Buds Company, of Harvey, Ill. , have undertaken the manufacture, andGuiberson is handling the sales.About l6O engines type T1020 have been built and supplied to the U.S.
WarDepartment for use in M.2 light tanks. They are rated at 310 B.H.P. and give amaximum at sea level of 300 B.H.P. continuous.lost of these engines were built in the original Buda plant, but to getgreater p1‘oCiBi0Il in
manufacture, and larger output, a completely new plant hasbeen erected at the Buds Canpany. Harvey, Ill. This plant is in a new air-conditioned building and has all new machine tools. Some of the jigs and fixturesare those
made originally by Buds and used in their general engine factory.The tooling is not quite of the same standard as that used in the bestaircraft engine factories, but is quite good enough to hold the limits requiredon tank
engines. The machines are of the best makes and rugged enough to maintainaccuracy over a long period.The plant is planned for a production of eight engines per day of 24hours, and employs fifty men per shift. This
number of men secns very low forthe production planned, but the Buds Company have had much experience in enginebuilding and have based their calculations on their experience.Only machining, assembling and testing
is carried out in this plant.Castings, forgings, gears, fuel pumps, injectors, valves, manifolds, etc., beingbought in frcm other firms. The flywheel, fan and clutch are not normallysupplied with the engine, but can be, if desired,
built by this company.Examination of engines under test shows that they develop the powerstated by the makers and hold it continuously without excessive heating of any part.Engines of types T1020 and T1400 were
examined on test and the general performanceappeared to be very good.On the dynammneter these engines showed very little make even on fullpower or when being accelerated. No cold starts were seen in the test shop,
but
i|1‘.If_- .._ <--.1»:-aw-at-.-.4 ~l~.-es»-.= ._—..<.1-.<=.~:==-an-¢+;.Ii11_.,,,,.,. -_.,,,-.....-news-i _ _,, ,,,_,,.,,,.\e_--.=~a>.-..=-<.--»v~_-,..-- .»- --_,_,,,,\\‘&r5v:1sA(3) I is .(cor!)these engines were noted to smoke considerably when
started frm cold during atest of some tanks to which they were fitted. his anoke appeared to be causedby both lubricating oil and fuel.All engines observed ran very smoothly for this type of engine, butwere rather prone to
"diesel-knock". No indicator diagrams of these engineswere available, but they give the general impression or having rather high peakpressures. Maximum B.I.E.P. is about 115 pounds sq. inch.The new factory at Buds was
Just starting production end was not upto capacity. 'Two engines, Type T1400, have been hand-built at the Dallas plant andone oi’ these was seen running on test at the Buds plant. This engine ran wellshowing the same
characteristics as the T1020.Before the above testing, this engine was said to have run for approxim-ately seo hours in a tank at Aberdeen and had run 300 hours at Buds.Production is being planned to start in about three
months on the T1400at the new Buds plant. To do this, it will mean a reduction in the output of typeT1020 unless present equipment is added to.A visit was paid to Fort Knox, where the U.S. Armoured Division hasoperated
a number of these engines tor many thousands of miles. Tanks fitted withthese engines were driven under conditions where the engine had to operate atextreme angles and the performance was very good. The engine was
rather noisy,but this is a characteristieoi‘ this type. The pulling power was excellent evendown to very low speeds.Operation of these engines was discussed with men who had been runningthem with a view to learning of
troubles which they had been through. The mostserious trouble had been that sometimes when the engine had been left for sanetime the oil would drain into the heads oi‘ the lower cylinders and when thestarter turned the
engine over the heads were broken. There is no easy way ofturning the engine over by hand and the cartridge type starter gives a very hightorque. I understand that this trouble has nmv been overcome. Some of theearly
engines blew the heads off because they were too thin, but the design hassince been changed.Excessive lubricating oil consumption had been caused by the oil foaming.A thermostatically controlled by-pass has now been
fitted across the oil radiatorto keep the oil at l5O°1". This is to keep the viscosity such that air bubbles willbe freed from the oil.The abovementioned troubles did not occur frequently, but are mentionedto indicate stages of
developnsnt of this engine.The men who operate these engines at Fort Knox are very pleased with itsperformance and their principal criticism at present is that there is somedifficulty in starting at low temperatures. This is
not peculiar to this make ofengine. Experiments are being carried out with s small oil bunning stove whichis placed in the engine compartment smne time before starting, the time dependingupon the temperature. The
Guiberson Company say that their engine will start,without the stove, down to l0°F., but I have had no opportunity of seeing a startmade at this low temperature.
cf‘-E,\,-*1he .(COPY) (3)The Buda Company, who hold the license to manufacture the "Lanovecylinder heed, are developing a new head of this type for the Guibersonengine and this design would probably lower the peak
pressure considerably.This developmnt, however, is sane way oft and we will have to consider theengine as at present manufactured.In my opinion, this engine is capable of doing its job quite wellin a tank and I understand
that the U.S. War Department have over eighthundred on order. I suspect that the oil consumption is rather high, butreliable figures are herd to get as the oiling system has been modifiedrecently .
0 0 %; ii . I : X’i 1 -' -. , rs _1;‘The(imuultmil, DirTliE new C-uibersnn A-lO20 diesel aircraft engine whichhas recently been seen on a nmnher of our ying fields.is not altogether a newcomer in the engineering
industryinasmuch as it is similar to the Guiberson T-1020 dieselused in Army tanks. Both types nf engines are conventionalnine-cylinder air-cooled radials which function on the four-stroke cycle without supercharging. The
only noticeablediFference between them is that the aircraft engine is cooledfrom the slipstream from the propeller while the tank enginehas a large l\ round the front part of thecrankcase. I’ I > (I (9Ten years have ‘passed
since the Guiberson Diesel EngineCo. built their rst aircraft engine in Texas about the timeof the Packard diesel. In the interim, many hundreds nfthousands of dollars-—most of it private nu\nc_\-—l\a\'e beenspent in the
development of Guiberson diesels. The rstengines built had a combination inlet and exhaust valve ineach cylinder head. Ultimately, this arrangement was (lis-carded in favor of a conventional two-valve head withseparate
inlet and exhaust valves.Referring briey to the construction of the new aircraftdiesel, it is seen that the power section of the crankcase isin two parts with an accessory section at the rear. Thecylinders consist of aluminum
alloy heads screwed andshrunk on steel barrels and the latter are attached to thecrankcase by means of twelve studs and nuts. The two-piececrankshaft is counterbalanced and tted with a vibrationdamper of the sliding
weiglit type. Large diameter rollerbearings are used tn support the crankshaft and a ball thrustbearing takes the axial loads. No tail-shaft is tted as thestarter claw is mnuntctl direct on the rear half of thecrankshaft.The cam
ring for the valve operating gear rotates atone-eighth crankshaft speed in the opposite direction tocrankshaft rotation and carries a special adjustable camtrack from which the plunger-type fuel injection pumps areactuated.
The push rods for the valves are totally enclosedand means are provided for removing excess oil front therocker arm boxes. The valves are of the same diameterand function in shrunk-in seats of Silcronie and
aluminumbronze.u -I .B1 Pun! I. Wllkonlllntr! .-ltiiutnmThe combustion chamber which is of considerable import-ance in a diesel, is of the open type without any attemptbeing made to induce controlled turbulence. This type
ofquiescent chamber requires a tine fuel spray which isfurnished from a tliree-hole nozzle set at an angle of 30 deg.-f"1~‘5?'~'E I-F"..§as5 14- /%-- ::iii' Ew.-Z’.Zf;!=““-.-: “ 3§1\ \-t s.‘!.|'i-I121,‘-IIcnon nlouln In-mman mu IN-ll-
Ill.’I§' lrm: rind! nullVALVI AI -can ~~=_. _-5 y wt.--t-t l__.- ,._ é I,_._.n».... .. " .' " ;.;;._;\ “N.-'... ...,,,..,1//--//7.. ..= >ax\ '_,,,,,,,_- I ~I: ‘-1 '1,.,,,///mix/4?;/,,‘,.#;x?r..;%//,.‘V “\§;_\§_s;s_\\\\:..’.<4_-f\“‘~'f_-' ._>.1"' 1;, ta .3\|- 1|!"' 56
| _ 14/’ _‘ ' " i F‘-:7 '1 .' 4- /;l III-- f ‘ 142///////~\».>s3vr‘ *"-'--fF5.‘ ?;es;§ 4 \..\= at itEh’ -‘ 2 lg 1ill.-.I“ ii.\\\\\§ \-;¢(\\»~.»*illF_ “J @7Y0Z L
\, Reprinted hem AVIATION|Ill1. Ill ifrom the vertical in the cylinder head.The aluminum alloy piston has a con-cave crown and is tted with threecompression rings and one oil ringabove the piston pin and one oil ringbelow it.
The piston pin is of theoating type with aluminum alloyplugs.Individual fuel injection pumps ofGuiberson design are mounted aroundthe rear part of the crankcase and areconnected by means of short leads oihigh-pressure
tubing to hydraulicallyoperated injectors in the cylinderheads. The operating gear for theinjection pumps is arranged so thatmovement of the control plate on whichthe intermediate ngers between thecams and the plunger
stems are|noui_1ted, automatically regulates boththe quantity of fuel injected and thetiming of injection. The fuel is in-jected at a pressure of 2,500 lb. persq.in.For starting purposes, a Breeze(Coffman) cartridge starter is
ange-mounted on the accessory section andan Eclipse electric generator is stand-ard equipment. The fuel lter is ofPurolator manufacture and is of themetal-disk type. A Pesco rotary vanepump is used for fuel transfer
fromthe tank to the injection pumps. Thelubricating oil lter is of Cuno manu-facture.The preliminary tests carried outby the manufacturer at Dallas com-prised 100 hours with the enginerunning at from 75 to 100 percent
fullpower. Subsequently, the requisite50-hour C.A.A. tests were passed with-out diiculty and A.T.C. No. Z20 \vasissued giving the engine a rating of3l0 hp. at 2,150 r.p;m. ln due course.it is expected that the engine willattain
a rating of 340 hp. at 2,250r.p.m. for take-o which will reduceits specic weight to less than 2.0 lb.per hp. The stipulated ten-hour ighttests with tlw engine were carried outwith it in a Stinson monoplane. andan altitude of
16,300 ft. was attainedwith the airplane still climbing. Flightsto altitudes in excess of 20.000 ft.should not present any diiculty to thenew diesel despite the fact that it isnot supercharged.The rst cross--county flight of
thediesel-engined Stinson \vas niadc inMa)‘ when the plane was flown fromDallas to Wasliingtrni. I). C, by wayol Birininghain and Clntrleston. Thedistance of approximately L300 mileswas completed in 10} hours‘ yingtime at
a speed of HZ ni.p.h. Operat-ing at 70 percent full power, the en-gine consumed 13 gal. of fuel oil perhour. The fuel oil used was regularTexaco diesel Chief costing $0.05 agal. such as is used in tractors. Kendalllubricating
oil gave complete satis-iaction in the engine.The interest aroused in the Guibcr-son diesel at \\'ashington where it wasinspected hy high government oicials.prt-sages the use of this type of powerThe Guibareon Dine!
undnqotnq tutuon n dynumomeler tut stand.1- " .. tr -‘*~'tah’.74 E _- /'i f- ' Ix"I 1iii .‘..'/li9%? _.'\ . >‘/ . Yl ~._ _ _'." 1'" is==;= - .-A vtow nhowlaq the onhuunl rtnq andthe comparatively narrow depth.plant by both the Army and
the Navy.ln view of the anticipated demand iorthe aircraft engine and appreciableorders for the tank engines. arrange-ments have been made whereby theBnda Co., one of the outstanding fltlsin the diesel industry, will
manufacturethese Guiberson engines in a specialair-conditioned addition to their fac-tnry at Harvey. lll. Already, this newwindowless building has been coin-pleted and most of the machinery hasbeen installed and is
engaged in l\tl'Yl-ing out parts for both t_\'pt:s of engines.Considerable advantages accrue fromthis manufacturing arrangement dueto the fact that both airplanc enginesand tank engines can be huilt on thesame assembly
lines. Slack periods inorders for one type of engine can beutilized to advantage for the othert_\'pr: and interchangeability of partspermits good volume production atrelatively low cost. So well is thisworking out. that some of
these newdiesels will be coming o the produc-tion lines within the next icw weeks.In addition to production of nine-r_vlinder diesel aircraft engines with a|nt\\'l'l' output of J10 hp.. there is the||t>~sil.tllll)' that they may be built
in~t-ven-cylilnler and ve-v:_vlindcr models\\i\lt pu\\‘t't' outputs of 235 hp. andl7l) hp. respectively. These smallermodels will be suitable for trainingplanes and schools and will enableconsiderable experience to be gainedin
flying and servicing this type ofpower plant.\\'ith regard to the potential marketfor the larger, nine-cylinder diesel,it will make an excellent power plantior larger training planes and privateplanes, and planes for exploration
andother purposes. Already enquirieshave been received for this kind ofequipment for exploration work inSouth America where safe fuel withnon-evaporative qualities is highlydesirable as well as an engine whichdocs not
cause electrical interferencewhich might spoil radio communi-cation.IpoetlteutleuGuiberson A-l0Z0 diesel aircraft engineType: nine~cylinder, air-cooled, radial.direct-drive. lour-cycle t\.T.C. No.: Z10Bore and stroke: 5.lZ5 x
5.50 in.Displacement: l.02l cu.in.Ltiameter and area: 47 x IZ sq.ft.Rated output: 310 hp. at 2.150 r.p.m.Cruising output: 2(1) hp. at L850 r.p.m.Total weight (dry): 6.20 lb.Specic weight: 2.0 lb.Fuel constnnptionz 0.38
lh./hp./hr.Oil consumption: 0.015 lh./hp./hr.Cotitprt-s.~ion ratio: l4:l
1*’' ~2<C’f’*$\
PGuib-arson Diesel Enginei___...i__,______Extr act from "Time "of U,S, 3,jlrd February l9Lt1,Diesel GamblerInto full production last week went oneof the rst new plants built especially fordefense. It is long. low. windowless.
air-conditioned. reproof and allegedly bomb-proof. cost $1.ooo.ooo. Its site; Harvey,Ill. Its builder: the 60-year-old Buda(pronounced bcwdal (‘o.. a Diesel-build-ing pioneer. Its product: a Diesel for II. S.Army tanks. The
reason this plant reachedfull production last week was that an oili wildcattcr was willing to take ti chance.Samuel Allen Guiberson. 67. is a ham-handed Texan who struck it rich in hisearly zos, built a 50-well oil business
anda drillers’ equipment company in Dallas.In 1929, a bright young Austrian namedF. A. Thahelcl (now Guibersons chiefdesign engineer) presented him with anew design for a Diesel airplane engine.Guiberson sank
$1,5oo.o0o in it, has beentrying to sell it for airplane use ever since.To his bankers. willing to back him in oil,his engine was just a crackpot scheme.Once, when he borrowed $z.5oo.ooo for hisoil business, they made him
promise notto use any of it on the Diesel.Last spring S. A. Guiberson got hischance. With big Army 81 Navy orders inthe air, most U. S. businessmen hesitatedto expand their plant Kt equipment. Scoresof manufacturers
were worried about whatthe 1940 tax score would be, hung aroundthe Army and Navy grousing. “S. A.," in-A mS. A. Gumsnson (RIGHT) 81 Sow C eAll he arkcd was zz gamble/s c/lance.genuously. went to the Treasury
instead.He asked the Treasurys lawyers point-blank if they knew what the new invest-ment write-o tax schedule would be, wastold they did not. His ears full of othermen's groans. Guiberson then asked wheth-er that meant
he could not bid on Armytank engines. Assured there was no lawagainst his bidding. Guiberson then spokeapproximately as follows:“Hell, that"s good enough for me. Allthe money I ever made, I made gambling.In the oil
business. nobody ever saw hisprot in the bank when he started to drill.I'll take a chance on this one and see if Ican get the Army to put my Diesel into100 or so tanks. I cl0n't care how the taxbill ends up because it's a cinch
that insix months the Army will want more thanIoo tank engines, and I will be in produc-tinn, with a head start." He got :1 $6oo.oooorder.Meanwhile Guiberson had made a li-censing deal with Buda. For Buda. whichhas less
than $2,000,000 in other defenseorders (generator sets and Diesels for theNavy), the Guiberson business Soon be-came the biggest thing on its horizon. LastAugust they broke ground for the new“bombproof" plant. This
month it had$8,000,000 of Guiberson tank engine or-ders. and 350 men worked three shiftsdaily to get production up to a promisedeight per day.Big S. A. Guiberson had the head starthe wanted. Tank talk was turning
toDiesels. The British Amiy, having goneinto production on a 350-h.p. gasolineengine, was already designing at Diesel toreplace it. Encouraged by such talk, S. A.Guiberson had Inventor Thaheld at workin Dallas on a
bigger Diesel for heavytanks.TIME, February 3, -I9414lIlll
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ENGINE, 'Q E3('k1‘=gc“{;5 from Mr. Chamberlain's l ether of 161111 December 1911.0I have,since my last letter, visited Ottawa and conferred withSir Willian Glasgow.He is making every effort to get frcm Canada the
complete setof drawings for the Valentine Hark III, to send to Australia. There is nocomplete set of drawings for this tank in Washington, only odd blue prints of parts.The drawings are arriving here slowly, and if Sir William is
unsuccessinl inCanada, I will get what I can here, and we will try to build up a complete set.Was glad to find that Sir William Glasgow was in agreement withaw conclusions so far, and we have decided to keep in close
contact, as he has accessin Ottawa to most that Canada can get from Britain.Spent the day in the Canadian Pacific Railway workshops inMontreal. They are building 780 Valentine Mark III; 300 for Britain and therest for
themselves. (When I last wrote I thought they were only building 300).They have two samples in the workshops there; one with a petrolengine and the other with a G.M. Diesel. Those they are building will all beequipped
with G.M. Diesel and G.H. heavy duty truck gearboxes, instead of thespecially built equipment installed in the original Valentine design.As a production Job these Valentine Hark III are about theworst problem the mind of
man could devise. The C.P.R. workshops are splendidlyequipped for just this type cf work, and have lots of excellent engineers, buteven so, are striking lots of trouble.The chief engineer and assistant engineer at C.P.R. are
realenthusiasts and gave me their whole day (Saturday). As they run a shop whichhas built locomotives practically on an assmbly line at the rate of three perday, they know something oi‘ engineering. Even so, they have not
been able toget permission from the English engineers to alter parts to make them an easierproduction Job. The drawings have come across from England very badly. Someare missing, and sane are incorrect. The C.P.R.
have had to open a new drawingoffice with 52 men to clear up the drawing situation. Only the drawings cangive an idea of the production difficulties of this job.General Motors have been using in some of their buses,
hydraulictorque converters (similar to those used on the "Leyland" 8981']-955 W5) andsent one to Aberdeen ‘proving ground fitted to a 6-'71 Diesel. This unit wasfitted as an experiment‘ to an IZA4 light tank, leaving the
original sliding typegearbox in as well. As the power weight ratio of this job is low compared with thestandard MZA4, the performance is low.The intention was to find out if a torque converter was a practicableproposition at
all, even if fitted with an auxiliary sliding gear. Tibia unitmakes stalling of the engine mach less likely and eliminates most of t e 898;‘ thischanging, but the out-put torque curve is not good enough to allow the use oi e sotype
of torque converter without an auxiliary gearbox. The maximum torq\1° 11°?-‘ 5possible with this type of converter would be about 4 to l, and the efficiencyfalls off very badly as the torque ratio increases. There is, of
courseéia lotof heat to get away from this unit when it is operating on high 1;g1‘q\l0t1£B" Z-I do not think it has the possibilities for tank use that the Hy roms c as."Hydromatic" as used in Oldsmobile has only, so tar, been
used for carsbut a pilot model was built to try with the GM. diesel engine modelfixldiimbuses. This first unit (Gear and engine) was sent to Aberdeen and e 0 atank and the testing officers there are very pleased with its
performance.1 think it will be a long tum before e 5981‘ of this tyre large enwshfor the 400 H.P. engine is developed by the United States army and think thereis a way by which we may get it first. Will write a separate letter
on this.They have experimented a lot at Aberdeen with cooling of radial enginesand have, by cowling alterations etc. reduced the power required to 1 ’th300 H.P. engine from about 40 to 18 B.H.P.. This, I understand,
1:330.“ :1-atit takes to drive the cans on the GM. Vee type water cooled engine of about gmsans H.P.%‘»\_7£\_ D'._'¥~l'}~i7.i>/{V .:,.Z4¢j._,
>\\M, " "._....._.._ -_.£é=BOB“ P. S. O__1;vRI_::§G I1:€L\~]_;|__;é_17:lg1_£"L_Qj‘I1"i7i*;i;I_lS '_ Qpll I';;_E;3__" ,Pl)i‘IEL 3.c;w»:r1on 0"-.1 110- 1-/B/)9 1-__‘~’i(<>?¥'W~,Ti__‘~*>T1.\_'£'1?11'~'T*BY1T 1 /5 /39;(1)(2)(3)/-
'\1.\_»(5)(5)(7)(3)\ \1(10)(11)Numb :1:C . D .trFEM: General Motors (Holden) Ltd" South Australia.Bombs, Aircraft, A.S. _oR11ll:_RQP[_=$f;‘,:) QUTPUT ( for 50 weeks oz?" 88 hrs.) 14:900-PBU ITLDIHG ‘O‘IdI-43»9
QAGT:om“; 01? L»:111;Iv;;_z.2;;1___0¢*: IiZ_;§§.iz3__O~?:;,3_ijE311:(H) (b) (=)AvTE(a) nss;g;_.1.m=1oN.(b) O‘_\'»lU?.‘ORI§ (].oca~.l3.;r p1;1nufact1u=eC;. but NOT orclere. withplant) :(<3) ;.3T)”'»,l‘¢);-lK§3;;Ll;_,:7;' 3,‘
1&3?L53)El}_ , ~1-. ~'; 19*‘: ‘ " ' ' .'."v-1.J__I_‘ L S_z._ .?_..-L. ..>. =.’.J_~‘:; .;-12.. ._’..*.l_~L -r-rv'>;;_-. ; p-_» I) :'a:7\‘.="'O ..;;L..,->. 1; -._.::1_y1e;'~,r:Ix=.s , 0 ta.)C1/-1-n___P1—"~"f(T (2‘~‘h@.1:..;l21i@11£@_11‘2.E§2_r1
51% 1,2115-_‘L _3l‘$?t°Yl5),_.l1OT, Oil 33:13?’ /K /VT?I Items or~c1ereC1 Liurirxggj ..1ont11 of are unclerlmned 111 R1.-I75).,.._.~ .--.-M -~~—-»—-——’N°——~—i\' D —-~1——~— -- - > ' - """"""""'"'"" """ ""“"" ' '
““'_“'_"""""“'" ~'*"~—'~_”= _ _. , - .- , ~ _Indent M/cs. Descri-9t.s.on ‘ AlZ‘1Vd.|. ‘ Remams Oon- § etc. ‘ ‘ (effact 1 pee mad) _DepaandI g ( . .-vi —* — ~ — 1'-—""""' ' "“'i 1H I ‘\ \Détails n t yet finalised. Drawings have now
beer‘. received.i and are being reproduced for issue to Colnpami.i V (5 (, (s ()A 5)1
Q;'b;¢r of 1"!;‘:1 T)eco1z1'i.wI‘ 19%;EC-4g.1»nj:‘i11\1/l;iv1¢ of T51‘. C11"’1‘*b"'I'1"‘i*‘ *.1At Aberdeen they consider that it will not be possible to get suchcooling efficiency with the 450 H.P. "Guiberson" radial diesel which
they areabout to test, but they feel 51136 that they will cool it with less than 45 B.H.P.This means that so far as cooling is concerned the radial diesel is quitea good proposition.The "Guiberson" is the only engine of this type
made here, and the U.S.Army have been working with the builders for about five years.Their troubles have been mainly with poor functioning of the pump andinjector causing high peak pressures.They tell me at Aberdeen
that they consider this engine about rightnow and it will run quite long periods without attention. As soon as time permitsI will make a full investigation of this engine and report.The "Guiberson" is an easy engine to build.
Connecting rods etc. arejust drop forgings only machined where essential, the crank is simple end thecylinders and crankcase would be lots easier to build in Australia than any inline type. If possible, I'll send the drawings
over by air mail. a l astings Corporation—an-experimental nast~to-p~fer-ths"hu‘l'1i mm@ _it looks .te-rrible ’»it be-e-l~].ei'up.r-11» (;11=1,.‘;,q,1~l.=i1. L‘nc:1 Jeni; on to n-ice =u._3";;es’t-ions -alwut the deizih "f twlc..._ . . >-
_}_,_‘q;;G “O11 thhn iilngric--,1l 31}, s to which engine could be I-/-~ » L‘ E me 450 g,p, radial preferably a diesel which could be installed withe1-ankshaft gginting down at about 45°, driving a very low propeller shaft
through5 pair of level gears. This would enable us to keep our overall height very low.I suggested this to Watson when he was here.P:If:Q\it>-/r\Y._ 1» . H "1-.u"“7¢--1*? H“i'5 I-"T*t!J“' J ‘:1“;‘r-‘Ii 1""'1'1‘/:T1’?__Z':To .L.'r‘.>u K
I 1 H» ‘*‘ * ‘ "EggineThe engine situation is going to be very difficult and ab°“‘ 5week back it was suggested that it would be necessary for the BritishGovernment to finance firms not now building engines $0 581? into
P1‘°d“°*i°n'All the output of the present factories is wanted for planes Endthe machine tools are not available for greatly increased production--._The Valentine Mark 111 tank being built by Canada is notI progressing as fast
as anticipated and General Motors will get ahead ontheir 6-'71 engine.This will be, as far as I know to date, the only new engine wenaqtézkkly get with any degree of certainty, which will give reliable powerThe maximum
B.H.P. of the 6-71 Diesel engine is iiew 220 andwith rubber-shod tracks (these are lighter than the old steel or malleableiron tracks) should give over 20 miles per hour with the proposed tank.The acceleration and hill
climbing would be slow compared withthe Job finally produced but this engine is absolutely reliable andrequires very little maintenance. It could be driven indefinitely fortraining with only replacement of tracks and if
suspension, transmission etc.were made similar to 400 B.H.P. it would provide training in manufactureand help with getting the men accustomed to handling parts similar to thoseeventually used. The fighting power should
be as good as most jobs producedtoday.The final drive ratio would, of course, be lower than the 400 B.H.Pjob, but this could be arranged easily.I offer the suggestion of making some tanks with the 6-71 enginemainly
because of availability.
iE\Q'-JI:6)\|1 1IIACLQHTJ 2.9 -2v.49)\ OCh 1)‘ -.1.r‘.I .,.‘‘ I‘ F04; r.b.U= 26°PRINClPAL_ S_I1j.~‘PLY_ ,OFFlCERS' COMM TTEE — F}’»lECUTIVE P..'\.N'EL.~ _, I#_A,_,_,__ _ ;;_'._‘-_T‘_Jl_0N_ .Q1.."-J1;/L"J/131$ Noi
1/B/7_§f_"_.__—_ ,1\1QIH{ELl,_’;1 .‘3_I‘_"I2n1;EE.1\I'P 1 / 5/ 39 .;@m@:mmTm0 iI~'I7ZE}LESS (A/ASIA) um,=1'—?Q1!:) 391;; Enza D.A. Percussicn‘ 1‘-Yo., 117.,1 ». ‘i LIQQWOOED ('U|-lvpu-‘r1 (' Q0 If\ _/M;/J:-
;n_L..2__...».v~_.~- 1 Af1Ij_1";__D'[N§}; Being pI';‘.ride , .”““'“"""' Anticipate completion er-mly in Ju1y@‘r~__J \".=e-;ks of 88 l11*s,); 2OO“O’m=d by firm, Cc1\.st1~'u<~t’Lcn well under way.) gr;"~y;\-\»r.q+p. Finzll cletails not
yet settled with firm, but na difficu117y5); ' )\ _ \._‘|% g\ .an"'c1c1pute<1.- Dj5L-'+T'”»RY,_QIi‘A Jf§."li*-*li' T<"J""'I%F?1Jr(Q) (b)/‘~"\[[3J2.451<7?24%;tr? "/'\/él L'1 O2'5 Stom*0(><#,.;:c 1" s1 a1""a/ 7 ( / 7 'é( ) £11)
1:)l.,?~21.f;'~‘é1*.LO 1I*3£\T_/:1,;,;‘J‘]_Q1~i_ Nat P~mms@<1=‘p) > u. .‘i "°*“+lYl“1*‘“’-‘%‘°§5*%;%% §>g:mi;;;Pt s%:@§;~s<2§1 c's;.§l.-ls»;ma. L 1 ~ * ---__-Fuze '!.'€StiI\{_I1:§RC1Il1iI2CS> will be ordered in a. few
days‘,<6-I) §.T;/lB.lE.'.Ri3_.,5Lf3ll]-TGH FORI'3P‘:zQ l§;,.!:]GEs: O1 J‘"""‘“ 1 sr zwre 01 0 me? types DQ4r-QU;_________E_'_‘1.){'FU%S . ETC ,KY5 designed,Desi rm not - '!‘§1"'f,@f1-1 _. ,..M__.,,,.,____ ,
,§)flI~._F;‘_i{__A,<_3-__f;!1-’\\”L".IQ':l_I:\_§ {P»"a'1-mixes, emc,) -= -" Screw alaugcs have been ordered and quotes sought(o»3'~»=w than ca-1=t_::;i11__qjAect1=j;:>mc'tc1~s)r_2J0T ORDERFD BY bf / 39¢-4,-En,K ans"
c@“d.c:*¢d dL\1"in;; ‘;non’s1'1 cf ~*~l11‘1'-I are 1111d¢-z*11,:‘1é{c1m.L'n HILL!)1-K. -1,1" I\r». ;-» _ ‘(exwpected)-~— Vim- W ‘i _-, K, .__,_ H _____,, ‘ M/‘ca , Description AP‘/=iva1 i?;@1n@;~14S$'i __:2::1.'f.*. ‘_ ':._-
@1113 3*l@:a<"t“~ ‘_ji1 .G1?.c‘cv'r1g ‘E-‘11i‘:I‘1e '."u.*n.a.ce;1;*~_11e:'.§".:i;1\; Etumace\ Eiliing Rumlaler {'_Ele-ctrj_ca.]1y11esztc~- - ._ .I. 1.':.].'t.'u1(; .\_‘.k \.~11.€1~° ‘ lleg1"ea:si21.g;: ,P]s.n'!7si S81. 1.2.0/;_ I161" 6:
‘J’s.m1ish T_T,»7_u.ipr.ent v/"i’c»hHQ’; _.;la.'tcs1' sen Clcarling, T511‘-cs 'illClL1§.jI13 ‘i /1.21;;§ ‘ Y4_‘e<.1‘ic, ’i Cold '"-:111i1"1g 3I’a"be1~ Z‘an7:,'1 S*":.f,~§r '~'.<'&"c-61' 19.11110.\,4 \\Z\ E‘ 4'» set i;‘1@.'~1i._r1;; 1‘:-.n“:s
izzcluéixig 1 icicl ’.f.‘s;n‘-2; 1 Cold .“L‘m1iiv{;*, water '.i.'E11“.‘25‘1 -‘.4‘"P.py ‘Isis-1* '5-emit,} Cu;t:-3; Nickel Calanclers, Ber ;bruighte11iI\g Press. ‘ P;>‘rer Ha-':1:suw 11;; T‘achjne\ ‘ Ea-2: 'l‘:Ln el C:,gpc»r- Plating ‘].‘:_*.i~l‘\.'-
:.@Air ccmrpresssr1.sce1lanc:>u5 clwlrtels__ _____ “_ w1?3l 5,-1¢¢.,ri¢ 1:5 1:1-:3; Heads l *1 " l‘:""“” "~ ,':;=;€=r,<_= Ida :'§:i-fi_cs».’;:iQz1. Plates jO¢6=59Ternders called.'$'enders calledTenders calledTenders called
§l E ,C)T\T'I'I‘1‘-YUATIOIX of Ur. Ch~1r>e1'lnin's letter of éth J11_uu-wry l9L,1,I have not yet had time to personally check up all enginebuilders and an accurate picture can only be made after actual visits totheir
factories.On the word of the Dewar check-up, however, (it was rather casual)there is a very real possibility that there will be absolutely no new enginesof 400 B.H.P. class available to us for perhaps over a year.The Dewar
group have ordered 1,000 "Liberty" engines to be builtfor their own use in tanks already designed in England. It is undesirablefor us to try to get aw of these - they are not a very good tank engine.I am sending an instruction
book of "Curtiss" D12 but haveonly managed to give this motor a brief examination so fer. It is compactand small but has a long light crankshaft with no damper. I think thatin a tank there would be a real risk of striking
speeds which might causetorsional vibrations and breakage. The bearings are rather mall andperhaps would pound out with tank use.The later model "Curtiss" (The Conqueror) has a much larger shaftand bearings but is a
geared job so could not be used for tanks. All the"Conquerors" available have cracked cylinder heads anyway so they areuseless.I understand the D12 was a very satisfactory aircraft enginebut hesitate to recommend it for
a tank.The Vimalert Company have 130 of these engines and a number ofspare parts. They think they may be able to get another 100 engines.They tell ms that new bearings are required all through. I will try toexamine
these engines more thoroughly and send another letter by this sameair-mail.It was thought that all the tools for building this engine wereavailable but I have checked this thoroughly and found that they have allbeen
destroyed. I checked these facts some time ego and decided that the"Curtiss" D12 could only be used if there was nothing else available. Itwould only cost 675 Dollars boxed to buy one of these engines for you toexamine
in Australia and if you cable me I will select an average sampleand send it out. Have heard that Britain and Canada are showing an interestin these engines because the situation is desperate but don't think theywill actually
buy them. These "Curtiss" D12 engines have been out or use forsome time and before we know if they are really a possibility.I will have to get somebody to check up on every engine to seethat all accessories are there.It
will also be necessary to see if they are reasonably of thesame model (See Page A6 of "Curtiss" handbook)Starting this engine would be difficult without a "prop" to swingunless there are inertia starters available. I will
check.I have been corresponding with the "Guiberson" Company but havenot been able to get time to visit their plant as yet. In nw last letterto them I asked for drawings and am enclosing what they sent, also their reply.The
group do not like Mr. Guiberson very much but his lettersto me have shown good consideration and I look forward to meeting him thisweek.In xw desire to use Simona while he is here I have put armorplate before engines
but in view of ymir cables will get ahead with engineseven if it means keeping Simmons here another week or more.will cable progress on engine check-up which you will get beforethis letter.
1\\mw-~\fP_.T_QN $1';",,'__I?»1;_.l/1*;u_'7q /mNE;;_ Not _l/B/ s15,-_ M_0pmun-1 E?.;‘1T 4 ,5 59‘' 7 i!-FFoam P . " 26 . \CCCPR.Tl\I.GIPr-_1i.iSU11PLY 0FF10E_R3‘:__C_O1‘»1l1lTTFl39L-' 31,;='.rnc_UT_;\z@_
_P;..1\1i1~;1._.(j)sg'11._,,K. ll )Q“)(6)'5?)ad)'9)(J)ind| 3 l’)\'.‘»CLD\\ .9»F'Pn:“ism” Electricity Meter Manufacturing Co. Pty. Ltd.£21-‘_= Fuze, D.A. Percussion, No-117. ffcl“ W '\'*@*11<- °1‘ 58 hrs-): 200,000.iyiigiggi Being
provided by firm. Layout agreed to andbuilders plans and specifications being submitted£[mTpAFT_ by firm for approval.““““*‘“‘ Draft a proved b{yfirm and final documents being o?%i>f%?I€@1§§?1i°“°"fa) -/_l}_1;jj_1'i.£-
:41‘1__i_;Ix_11_pir'e (b) (Forein (C)'~ is 1’1 59 ( -l-5---(21) ;g_L_g§;_T_:§¢.1c 11<15nv;._L_1./\'r1q;w_._ Not aI.I.anged_troiia'/ 59.A~\:\{lieCU(V) §§jQQRlQ_MOTOR§ (lrrelly manufactured but NOT ordered withPlant): All
motors for plant on orderrt s 1, Q chines) will be ordered in a few days."‘Ei_§¥:gi--"ikil'0Rl' Not ordered..J£JEQ§§i Most of the screw gauges have been ordered and quotessought for most of other types. ''-3&9-'§--§-‘l§lF»-
[43---_-'--:-it 10 per cent. designed.Qp~z><LaQ:Em<»> es? c, W E]O3E*1F)ET§llB_.Q1Tliige‘QErQ5 R-*2 fa \_. , .~" n'J“5~ €‘°~) Design not started.1,11.,_¢i@-_1@;'_,x":1_¢ ‘.1Y!?lTQ7'-‘5-‘*> NOT uRDER‘|~1D BY [1 4/
as.“Items <r¢k’n=d urin; gsnth if Anrii MP5 unAg§11n¢5'fn‘gnU)3J_mi_ i,__”i_____nmWn27*o,\‘nuHHHH mo- -v\~@~a><e-—-&-_~v _4_~_ ~,__-_-._¢_-,_-_iIDescrlpvlcn I Arrivil; Remmrks_(ex- F\ pected)‘Z.\30'“‘_‘1":"' _ l%
‘~71/1)@44-l .... c- Jéress. .I_dent1.ffiQati9n..Rlat.e.§1 5°-6559?5 Bench tapping heed i011 blocking mugffle furnace!‘Annealing furnace 7l Tilting rmnbler (electricalpyheated» 1Tilting rumbler <1 [ Tenders
celled.Degreasing plants l JV Lacquer and varn1eh.equipmntE with hot plates» 1‘ Cleaning tanks including 1‘= ' acid tank, 1 cold water ttank and 1 soapy water tdnk.Cleaning tanks including 1;acid tank, 1 cold water
tankand 1 soapy water tank.\ Gupro'nicke1 calendarsBar straightening press2 Power hecksawing machine V» Set tin & copper plating tanks’ Air compressorMiece1lenedus.chatte1s.Tenders called.F" IO I-
\4U!_m.._.__.._.._c+I"-‘2-‘ 9-" e-" 5—\ M I-* I-‘(D 03VDIA __... __-Q,-.-..._ \L...d‘ Cl"Tenders called,Tenders called
 \1u'\@'I‘4 e H c.EH11, (s) 212» Iovellber, 1940. //7 \- 1 -The organization as set up by Michael Dewar is not doing meh designingat the present tine. Their object is to sell the U.S. Ar“ on the ideaoi‘ wing British type turret
which seels very much better than the 11.5.job. I!‘ the U.S. will use this, the British are hoping to buy a lot oi’ theirtanks and also consider that it the position got too bad to cope withotherwise, that the 0.5. would release to
than some or the U.S. tankswhich would be similar to their osn.DeIar's group here have taken a U.S. model il 3 medium tank (25 tons)which is similar except in size to the ll 2 A 4 (photos of which areenclosed) and are fitting
it with a British type turret. This work hasbeen given to an enginesnring concern over here. The work entails themaking oi’ new turret (cast) but it only differs from the existing Englishturret in size, being basically of the sane
design. There is, of course,too much difference in the mounting ring size and type to tit an existingBritish turret. This work is being supervised by Carr.The turret on U.S. tanks so far has not been equipped with power
traverse,the hand wheel being the only means of operation. As the turret cannotbe balanced, hand operation with the tank at an angle is very difficult.The nnglish turret has hydraulic traverse which I have not looked into
soi‘ar.?‘.x;,gland has also developed an electrically operated turret traversewhich I understand Canada is adopting. I will send one out, but mayhave some trouble getting it. I understand this electric turret equipmentis much
simpler and cheaper than the hydraulic traverse but has not suchaccurate control. The English officers here do not like it much, butwe may be able to clean it up a bit.I will try to set out the principal models and types of
tanks beingconsidered over here. Ihese types although few in number are ratherconfusing. For example, an u 3 (U.S.A.) is nothing like a Mark 111 (TheEnglish Valentine). There have been many types of English tank but
theyare mostly obsolete and so interior to anything that will be built nowthat reference to them only complicates the position. Leaving out allthese types we have:LIGEL‘ ‘IILNA ii 2 A 4 (U.;5.A.)This supersedes il 2. Photos of
this job are enclosed, and its principalfeatures are listed on one of the photographs. The radial engine is inthe rear with the crank shaft horizontally on the centre line of the tankfacing fore and ai‘t. A propeller shaft brings
than-ivs ti-an the clutch(which is surrounded by the tan and cooling air shrouds) forward to a5 speed gear box with eyuchro-mesh. On the output shaft of the gear boxis mounted a bevel pinion which meshes with the crown
wheel on thedifferential. This is of the controlled type for steering. Half-shaftscarry the drive on either side to pinions meshing with gears on the shaftscarrying the track sprockets. Details of running gear, etc., can bepicked
up from the photos.I understand that this job is in production and the building; of it willbe continued for some tine. This design is being superseded by lighttank Ii 3 and is considered to have the following faults:r
(s)-3-The essentially high propeller shaft lakes it necessary to lift all thefighting equipment up on the air high enough to lake e good target andadd e lot of unnecessary weight. The erlor is not nearly heavy enoughand
suspension could be ilproved.LIG-H1‘ TANK ll 2 (U.S.A.)This Job is being built now and although there is no written informationavailable, I think the following teats are 0.K. The source ot thisintonation on the ll 3 Light tank is
- conversations with otticersinterested in its development.The engine will remain as ll 2 A 4- but the aimor will be increased to 2"in front and 1Q" on the sides. The rear wheel will be mounted on aswinging arm (something
like "Gletrao" LG. 2, of which you have aphotograph). This will probably add a little to the length oi’ thevehicle. With the heavier armor the weight will go up to about 27,000lb. The turret may be fitted with power traverse and
there is everypossibility that the propellor shaft will be dropped to the floor and agear train added to drop the drive down from the clutch. This gear trainwill have two ratios permitting the size of the front gear box to be
cutdown as it will then only need three speeds instead of the five used atpresent. The first two-speed gear train providing e double range toeach of the three speeds in this box. The job, will of course, belower than M 2 A i, it
they decide to drop the transmission down.QED! TANK N 3 (U.S.A.)I think Watson has a booklet on this job. mu try to get another copyto send with this letter, but have very little time.This tank is practically the M 2 A4, built
larger, and using 2-3" armorin front and turret, with thickness oi’ other parts in proportion. (I amnot sure if this job has already been thickened up to 2%" armor basis,but if it has not already been done future machines of this
type will bebuilt this way). I understand this job weighs about 25 long tons. Thisis the tank the British turret is being fitted to. I understand thatcast armor is being tried for this job and hear that a complete top isbeing cast. It
will be months before the tank is turned out with thisconstruction. The high transmission is to be left in this machine, Ithink, until the other construction is tried on the small Job.)VALEN'l‘INE lll (BRITAIN .This is an English
tank. Eatson can supply all information, and has aservice handbook.Weight - 16 long tone.Speed - 15 miles per hour, with two A.E.C., diesel engines.Crew - 3.Armament - l two-pounder; 1 machine-gun; l smoke
mortar.Armor - 60 mm. basis at front and turret.Steering clutch and brake.I have an idea that this Job weighs a little more than 16 tons, althoughthis is the figure quoted in the specification.
(B)- 3 -It is likely that the clutch and brake steering will be dropped andcontrol differential fitted to this job in Canada. Canada is going touse a single G.M. diesel (6-71) instead of the two A.E.C. diesels usedin England.
Model 6-71 has been modified by General Motors to give225 B.H.P., but as transiseion of the Valentine lll was barely strongum@fwl%BJJHtmCJ.Mnnismmgwwhhwmmlinjectors to limit its power. It seems absurd to do this
when the Jobwould be under-powered even with 225 B.H.P., but there is such hustle andconfusion over here that they are doing this rather than hold upproduction until they can redesign the transmission.Canada is building
300 Valentines lll at the C.P.R. shops in Montrealbut is not very happy abut this. Canada is deciding also to build themedium M 3 with English type turret when the design is completed. Light M 3will also be built by Canada
but it appears that they cannot get the radial gas-oline engines for either of these jobs. (This goes for us too).The Guiberson Engineering Company have offered to erect a plant in Canadain order to build their radial diesel
engines - if Canada pays. They saythat they can get the plant, and there is quite a change that this coursewill be adopted. These engines run rather well in tanks. I will seewhat kind of a proposition they can offer us but
would prefer G.M. builtin Australia as their diesel jobs are far ahead mechanically. Tankexperts over here consider the G.M. 6-71 (their largest light type job)much too low powered for tanks in our size and type class, but I
amhoping that they will build something bigger. The radial has manyadvantages for tank work, particularly in over-all length. G.M. havedone nothing on radial engines but have hand built one only 4 cylinderV type for the
U.S. Army. This is an engine built from the ground upfor tank use and gives more power than the 6-71 but there seems nopossibility of production for, I should say, twelve months, or more (ifit is undertaken at all). This
engine is short and compact but has alot of unusual and untried features. Very few people have seen thisJob. It is being tested with great secrecy by the U.S. Army, andapparently is not even open for discussion.
/.ENGINE / " .Colonel Watson, in his Oblegrm of 23/ll/MO from Ottawa B-aid re angina forproposed Australian copy of M55"Three #111 ernltive engines can be I'L!\S’C'11l6d§ Radial petrol (‘<'¢'righ'i'» h.P-)Radial Diesel
Guiberson 550 h,p,), and V-12 pa1$!'01 (Curtiss IlOO h.p. ,Wright use high octane fuel, Curtiss use low octme, Radial are air-cooled,Curtiss W~11;e1‘cO0l6d. RB.di/:1 :1"-gy be difficult to produce, 3;: 200 Curtissengines
md 100% 8'{)*:\l"5 Riv’-milable for P\Ll‘<:h>‘188 immedi~1.'bely but require someeverhaul, All nmmxfacturing Jigs and tools for Curtiss are said. to beavwi leble, Cha.mberla:1.n is investigtillg whble proposition and will
report, "(Earlier in the cablegrann he said "Guiberson Diesel Engine ix beingdeveloped and is pr0mi§ing"_)Full cablegram containing above in Main AFV file,At a conlrerance between the Army and the Ordmmce Production
Directorate heldon 29th »:ovs\mber l9),\O to discuss the General Stff Spacificfvtion for the tahk(<11 Pmp~5!'$ in th-— nuin AF)’ file) it was Statédi ‘I "Purchase 0I‘L20O Curtiss en;§ines from America. was considered,
5114hr. Ilurtnett undezwook. to Ckblv for furtlur details regarding dimensions, power -Weight r»-bio, overhaul and 11 reproduction",
~ SECRET-AM. I . SERIAL NO . 2959' rMesage deciphered by R.A.A.F-To:_ D&t62"BOARD rmnsounm LAIR V Receipt DespatchTime of 1357/11/10 0.11.1‘.FI'0m:- R.A.A.F. ALO AIR MINISTRY.inc? -'Or1g_i~nator-s No.
and‘Date:- .;*_s_nCI B“_.M,ee_g ojc'r. _11 L145 JfULY76_. [I7 A ARMY. CRUISER TANKS, COLO WATSON SUGGESTS YOU SHOULDCONSIDER USING NEW GEN'ERyaOTORS DIESEL ENGINE TYPE 6/'71WITH
GEAR BOX 5553 MOD IED TO SUIT GIVINO 460 FT; LBS.ENGINE TORQUE INSTEA ,OF 2 FORD IVERCURY E-NGINES. 2/6V CYLINDER DEVELOPINQWIGE H._P. AT 1900 REVSI. USING ONLY 1,{IN 16 TON
INFANT}? TANK I-“ARK 3 AND WILL GO INTO CRUISERTANK A.1O. SUQQEST YOU CONSIDER THIS AN fANY DESIGN.1 E- r///’f/W0./‘Q-¢»w.-,.¢/,£¢>M,) ‘ __¢”'f rl :1 w {/‘I/ T_ .6, ("HVia?
'~TI‘GI $1133xi‘\(1-‘u.'L1 Qabl-.1:J,‘I‘flJT| in AF‘! 1-T n file) (“ tr» t frow 031:1 '1'"un despatolxed by th Army to thy; Llilit Lry Liaison=_..\<;‘ '0 H -» ;, \ ~Officer in L-ondon =1.b_wu{; Bth July l=j.‘;O1_,,., Froyosa
m».nu_t‘wt1,1re in Austr/¢\li¢ tank similm in=rxm.u-Q-mt -md AI‘m<m.‘|.‘ :=1;‘»1uT11rd to A10 but with improved pa:-for":-lane:I3n<\ci1"~3c~tions- -er» /mi1"h‘\; Q tons two Ford Mex-cur ervines znxfnn. L’ V - \ byolloy
L'Z‘<)11\/lcllkg ZOO H,P, Puuu B,P, (Bu :31,~ \Y 7 ..coz\.f02*!11ir;; to ULIZ‘Pr‘--)1‘) .-ixwmur 0111-:5" .1; I-1.1.1» ........)_1u‘-11111?!‘ gm. and ones wickets )0} speeu...
’ . Mr. A.R.v/CODE " MINISTRY OF MUNITIONS '‘ MI§{Jv4%c/LIf>'APER 10. 10.1941. A /7’ 2lR2b—401sUBJECT= max mcmwcnox mi.MEMORANDUM or meeting in the office or the Controller,v Armoured Fighting
Vehicles Division, onFriday, October 10, 1941-Present: 001. W.D.Watson,Col. R.N.L.Hopkine (representing 0.0.0.,_ First Armoxr ed Division)001. R.F.Sm1thMr. H.-T. Bromley and ,- A. R. Code. ~This meeting was celled to
consider a proposal made by theArmoured Fighting Vehicles Division, Ministry of ihmitions -1. ms; the design and production changes oi‘ the AC1 tankshall be incorporated by batches, and that the firstbatch of 65 tanks
shall be in accordance with thodesign as agreed upon at the completion of the. pilotmodel trials.2. That a maximm of 24 tanks will‘ be accepted by theknnywithout proof trials should this be necessary.Arrangements I111 be
made for the hulls or thesetanks to be exchanged at a later date for proof testedhulls.(:1 behalf of the Department ofrthe Anny,Colonel Hopkins agreed to these proposals, with the provisothat all the tanks so accepted would
be suitable for trainingpurposes.-#—--~;¢>/
!_/,~/l\‘ Iotea of a -mug mm on September /muregarding the production of pilot Q§‘“_?I_$lk__;_§l_i;a " ~ ‘J Q¢*Q.iJn <i1'!I1lll8l ' about‘, the east-;~ . ;-- -,1;-. 1: .1‘ ¢:. 10.01%’ ‘J V ~J~-mg op.p1A4:'9d' I i'_';¢e‘,1_m‘¢=¢;-
um_~ '2?“ L work maze s1r.mri-we was becompleted. It was ‘deaf ', however, that the bastingdrawings would "gnlpkly and made availableto production. ' i N- - - ~>--—: - 31» §v+1;':=t ~-" a;e~@a=;e,..a¢.;n@1@.e.¢1¢¢¢
coating.. .0“ =99 . ’:'i:»v'~. ‘TH ~'-'n?l!19&l:.Q1s11‘-§~JIL.lh!d- .. .:~;: ~ - ; 1 o1‘a¢111'_1'eren_\= tint of .:t:raoks to betented o;1.i>_£l<>,t_!196LI.~ .. . ~ ‘ ' r 'l- ~Rvbb¢r. b_she§1~tc-eekeot;-a 1 r>:." " “ la) Xalleable
Whiteheart out iron_ __(b) 1le;l1eaZole~B1acki;eertr~ caa-jgi imp: I .2, Robber bu§h_ed;»ete§l tracks: » ‘Es. 35-t0n‘l.ll"rBtge1_L;\traok~ Y . ' (-4. Ho. 'ZA,ete_,‘el;;$_x5a;ek< -. , '. . .5. High 5J_.1ie_oa<e~teel--track , ‘6.
Forged ateeljneek oft»-the Kerk VI. type -'7.‘_Al_l‘1-ubber trackj p 5 _ . ,Three sets oi; eaqh of these different /type‘: 1111 be completedwith the exception of the-lo.--;’lA eteel traek;.,>or which fouracts I111 be availablqe. , .
;, . 1SUSP%SIO§. {ho deeigne-,. <_ _ - l . e_ tank set; of the-J13 type I111 be_teady..~‘tn:~about fourp ' peeke; ...onQ -setet‘ 3p§.1!6 'bQ$1Q'Ih€Qll,f‘lnI1§7i"8 of braea‘ggted ‘:‘-V ~- ' '~P:j.' .» ,1 .7.-~"l'2f ' ee sets of
tchklea type, plus 50 per cent. spares*SFBOGKE‘-1'8. ‘three-_tagk;eaeta~et._-e_. , I -:11. Cut steel apmeket I . '' ' ' 2. Gas profiled sprocket‘ _. .__ \ 3._ llaohined spzqoekeot. _ " ~ .' ER c%..=i§"¢= c1;e’;11¢§e pilot
<m.=.@.11 R7-i£.i"vee'¢1ae<1 to use' e h -ma e Coote 8: Jo:-genaon.~tra_m:fen'eas1ee-.2. ~; , . Gql. -I_l1.=,0n- I._8e,.~tQ cheek ‘the. Itnte J61‘ the detail.a ngs z£>;_fbhe_cluteh. ' _; — . ' 1:1 r:s."ivr'“' " _ >-__v|) V‘ .', L.
r:_ NV)“ VV QESAL Joizm. in was deoldedv to nee. CadillacT11'!iY.6_1‘B&ljp ‘s.---.~ ,1 < ’,’»_'.-._o.“.3:,.‘, .»>;-=.,GBIB BGX. One box is ready and the others will be completed inTFTB 4» _,1v+=~q~k=-- I I‘ ~ ., t ;
1,9.°°»;1=|mk- aeiiewv he GeneralI5 ' _ “lr9"' . > _9z~I-€'i¢,;~r e :1 ":5 . ;:'.*- r‘._ . " ‘ ', .> , TV I ‘Mg; ,_;; , ',.'r~ fr-.".: .¢r‘i -"1-.1».¢ |1;I V ‘ i ;,_e. ._935t§_1_k§em_eh_een, 8:Ln_al»dr1II. to ~b'ei"f£1niahedII in a out seven or
eihiilik-... ..">Tht original nal driveratio was 25 to ‘I1, but two alternative ratios have now been, . deeided 3.1 20,/ye and; 21/Yr-2: 1: Y ,_ ,.;-Legegva 9411911 lw.+tbLI1ue:&3&1.@blocka°1"I“'°a $91‘ ’;th!.a§~;= 8!-3&9-1-’
orola-Ihe.o;1sb1.,al|ktvUb\:1d mox-_ ~- . 9§1l__$l,¥l€{f1lt8"'_:0£ i1e:~eeapeneat:‘:I1th the altered8.51‘ 1" 9' .7 *.=..~_‘.-1~'.v '“ 9-: 1:?‘ Sal I“-T ‘ " '*_<”l I '9‘?-7~-' 5norm. In the hande @9131 llotora-Holden's Ltd. ' ' To b.
Illypllld in bto by thg D'pt_ or tm ha r‘
iifti.;><~.~:@ .- r,» L1-9%? ' A. U 1=»__1 suimcneinismnmau-s:~éi»'1 11 "=11" ‘ V1 ~ ‘ Immzzr -coimaos nmesmmss: ’ us;_:;_ga5_.oi§¢fe.§i§;1turret traverse zachsnism at presenvesigned infifprove to benot ept_irely_
satisfsc_tory,, and .that.worJc.._" should be oot:gner':e>ed" iimediiiteli "'1e‘i'i'e1relbpnent,_~.=.or -I lquemnie ‘hxri-et ex-1svei*be,mqeii§siiir. " ‘ F ffp A _ . was decided that these tests:shoul§,__p9|_ divided Lute
—It~~.~ 1"*=F-ie1d=--'triel's esekaimiak béhsscuiy" ‘ ‘ s .~A$o§1_~ep;.y‘ drivers‘ and observers‘ seatsst %"e' c&t‘e<i“i"h*position.7.52. Gunnery trials which; -_iouAld~requ’ire 't‘urrei:'-template' with righting ireiketlsnd-all-
use’!-llsrry Qg'u1p'§_a§n_§.3. Packing trials in which the pilot model wou~id"befitted with al'lTst‘ore"s-* and sigcillery -equipisent.1. Fla-'1d.'T.'P1l1s This is to"96r;sist"0£_‘ - _ls) speed trials; read-tr~ia§_.s'and,croVss~
countrytrials, du.r'ing"1§he *e¢>»n-sews" whi<;h"i‘uel con-sumption messurelbnts to~b_e made and thetemperatures‘; water temperatures and oil. temperatures-checked. 1 '(b) Obstacle trials between-trenches;
verticalobstacles, water and wire. _ _ _ _. (c)hnouwrsbi1it§' trials -everrosd and cross country.. (¢).8us'pension trials ‘ ‘ _ ' (e) Endurance trials over road -snd'cz-oss country.Arrangements are to be'_~s1'sde immediately ‘tor
the-construction "of tank obstacles in §he"grqunds_,oi‘ _the*A.F.V.<-Division at-Fishermen’: Bend. - Oapt.?V'e:&:o,n,'is to super-intend the design and construction -$1f*tf;‘e‘s_e1 obstacles.J Anliorder forspare Itsrts ifor
tanks is,..requlre.dimmediately, and it wee __desi'de'd_' to-’di's‘c‘1:es this atter withCol. Hopkins of the D.B.8;D‘.¢,- First snimeured Division. L -K;_ ._.It was decided <that»s~teps should‘ be taken immediatelyto commence
the preparation ‘of s parts list and a bolt listfor Tank lACl,€snd ftlist Mr.‘ W.A.; Edrnmds shl-Q 5! iliétructedto proceed with~th~is'1\rork. " > ' " " ‘ ' 'I 1 It was decided -that 5we should require _s-is:-IgshopForeman for the
Experimental Shop -by the -15th "0c"t‘ober, andthree fitters with welding experience byjzhe end of Qctober.Steps will have to be taken inmediately; to pbtaigaandelectric welding equipment, plus" the necessary
shojrequipmentimmediately. L ~ _u An automotive electrician rouid also be requiredfor the Experimental Shop. ‘It w,a,s,1_gree,d that Col.R.F.$nithshould Qendsavour we -“obtain meniei‘ the‘, prefer, en loanfrom the LSJV.
Railways for a per'io'd~o'!"‘e.pprox'.“‘€'w‘eeks towork on the pilot models, so thst t_h_eyvcou1d,_te.ke adyantsge oftheir expo:-ienc‘e= on- the‘ pilot-snodels‘ s.s_si§-’tg~i,z1 assemblyof production models-in F.-Sl:W.-‘ ’ ' ’
‘ ’ -... ~—-,.» '1' -_. . V>-- _-' m. -. »' ~ -~ ~ ~ ~ 'It was sgfeedi that iii!-‘have-j.to be taken to0b_tein;=BirneliL: and Vieksrs andneasu2ing£eq1id.~puant'-for the ’ ‘_ Q 1:5 g, . ji * 'At?e>lster"de.t‘e'f1iU- t2e'mper-ature
room for standardisation purposes. "' - " ‘ , . ~ 4‘-f"V>_.‘\ ~ i, 1 ‘Y »._ ..:: v___ .;. .% __ ,v‘__ >__‘§\-/.\4 . .,. -___i_av . I \V V_,__- : ‘\b =.> ' A _, ....- L__
911“10th Septemb r, 1941. \i {LYMEMORANDUM HR. LEWISIn connection with your talk yesterday withMr. Hartnett and Mr. Witten regarding the machining of tankhulls, Mr. Witten telephoned this morning to say that
hehad been in communication with Mr. Thorpe, who informedhim that the position is not entirely as represented byMr. Hartnett yesterday. Mr. Witten now tells me thatnothing has been done with the design of the machine
forthe machining of tank hulls.Mr. Thorpe arranged with Mr. Bromleyxt let himhave samples of the materialéo they can make'enquiriesas to whether it is machinable or whether=they will haveto grind it. Mr. Thorpe does not
intend to go aheadwith the design of the machine until the first hull hasactually been produced so that he can ascertain just howmuch material is to be removed.\ IMr. Bromley this morning advised Mr. Witten thathe will try
and arrange for samples of material to bemade available but he cannot say exactly when this will be.Mr. Witten is adgfging Mr. Hartnett along the linesset out above. J55%,1.1I‘///
 / /W14’!MEMORANDUM OF CONFERENCE HELD IN THE OFFICE OF ,3THE DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF MUNITIONS ON fadeTUESDAY, 2ND SEPTEMBER__;:_ AT 4.l§mP,ML___,,, W"x"mmvJ‘\PRESENT: Mr.
Essington Lewis, Sir Philip Goldfinch, _Messrs. L. J. Hartnett, A. R. Code, I I‘H. Bromley and J. K. Jensen.RODUCTION OF TANKSPIn a memorandum of 29th August, the Directorof Finance notified the Director—Genera1
that he hadreceived from the New South Wales Board of Area Management,additional submissions relating to work to be carried outin connection with the tank programme at Hadfields (Aust.)Pty. Ltd., Bradford Kendall Ltd.
and Sonnéndale Pty. Ltd.and also a submission in respect of an annexe at Coote &Jorgensen's.The Director of Finance intimated that he wasnot submitting any of these submissions pending a rulingas to whether any or all
of these projects should be re-viewed in the light of the decision reached concerningthe production of tanks in Victoria, nnIIi95 which was to"hasten slowly."After a general discussion of the various factorsassociated with the
tank programme, and particularly theNew South Wales aspect, it was decided by Messrs. Hartnett,Code and Bromley that the projects above mentioned shouldbe proceeded with, and that meantime the Ordnance
ProductionDirectorate will review the tank proposition in Australiagenerally.<0./ ‘L; /‘ ‘ > ‘V. : ‘‘ *\ §' 1ti ;, I’ _ _ _~'__ _ _ _" \\1\
cn9P T?5 Z9’ '19 MINISTRY o|= MUNITIONS a g gfoRF * 0 MINUTE PAPER 3 ”. . g (This side only to be Written on) g;I 4\°_3@!%\\PRODUCTION OF TANKS§3:*§“§' \nrnacron cnugam, or mmxuonsI have received frnn
the Board of AreaManagement, N.S.W., additional submissions relating tothe following contractors:—Hadfields (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. .. £20,550.(additional to £22 500. previouslyauthorised;Bradford Kendall, Ltd. ..
£35,000.(additional to £80 000. previously4 authorised;2- An amount of £45,000. has been authorisedto move and re-erect the works of Sonnerdale, Pty. Ltd.,and a further sum of £51,000. is now sought to build anannexe,
plus machine tools of an unknown value.5. I have also received a request for £56,000-to build an annexe at Ooote & Jorgensen's, with an intima-tion that machine tools of an unknown value will also berequired.4. For the
time being I am not submitting anyof these pending a ruling from you as to whether any or allof these projects should be reviewed in the light of thearrangement which was made with Messrs. Charles Ruwolt,Pty. Ltd.,
namely, to "hasten slowly". It may be thatnone of these submissions is affected by that principle,but I submit the matter for your consideration.5. As the Chairman of the Board of AreaManagement, N.S.W., will probably be
in Helbounnendweek it might be opportune to discuss this suggestion withhim.%»-.5-/aw029/8/1941W 6 /W’ “Vii;/9”’ I/3” “L. /M, ‘J } I 2/["1 ‘J ( W
2-12-19405-12.19409-12-194030-1.194114.2-194119.2.194128.2-19414.3-19412.5.19418.7.41A. F. V. BUILDINGS,FISHERMEN'B BENDFirst Discussion on Preliminary Planning-First estimates of costs submitted for
approval-Finance Approved.Preliminary discussion with Department of Interior.Finel discussion cn detailed plans which requirere-drawing.Tender for foundations and steel work accepted.Plans approved.Foundations
commenced.Building Tenders received.Tender accepted for completion by 27.7.1941-Approximately 6 weeks delay in building has been occasionedby a Steelnorkers' Strike. The following are estimates of the dateson
which the buildings may be occupiedu -18.7.194128.7-194131-8.19417-9-1941Experimental Block with Temporary lighting.Drawing Office Section of Office Block.Administration Offices.Services Block.Mechanical
Services.Taking into account the delay occasioned by Strike, thebuildings are approximately two weeks behind the schedule set atthe date of acceptance of tender.L-iii
\ /-ha/.%u%W¢@¢,» WJan October, 1941. 31:_""T‘ 5 <,-Q-i.Sir Alex. Stewart,Chairmen,Victorian Boerd oi’ Area Ienegenent,418 Oelline Street,$333.» 3-1» \Dear Bir l1ex.,CRUISER TANKS - ORDERS $6.0. 961! ls
96H.Inc:':::_ *:'\.;*'_::_ __;:=—'——i;: :::-:" :'_::_~::_ ;_::;__Iheak you for your letter or 82nd October whereinI note the expressed viere oi‘ the Board relative to the eboveorders. or course, I en unewere or the verbal
intonationwhich Ir. code gave on 15th October but I oen ensure youthat my memorandum of int October was written with the ml].knowledge and consent of Ir. Oode and I eee no reeeon to verythe information set out
therein.In order that the matter will be elem: to the AJQV.Section, I an ending e copy oi’ {our letter ot 22nd Octobertogether with e copy ot this rep y to then for their pox-uni,and to enable them to bring the papers before Ir.
¢o:le on hisreturn-Ioure sincerely,(Director-General of llunitione)
I H) 7 " Q1"" CQMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA 1-B_E,.H°,,E,Mu,mox-zaosAA.a.|=.o. '' MINISTRY OF MUNITIQNS \/TL IIIAPNIC ADDRlSS| BOARD OF AREA MANAGEMENT"AnlAwm, Mn.no\.nu|l,"TNH/W ALL
COMMUNICATIONS 413 Collin; Sing;SHOULD as ADDRESSEDTO 11-as s:cR|;-.-rARY. - M¢IL,;|_|;1|g_ C,l,MM!’ WEN“ A / 22nd October, 1941. 7 2 '5Mr. Essington Lewis, ix?) \g ' “uDirector-General of Munitions,
FDepartment of Munitions,83 William Street,MELBOURNE. C.l.Dear Mr. Lewis,CRUISER TANKS - ORDERS M.G.O. 961M & 962M.I desire to refer to your letter of ist October tothis Board in regard to the programme of
manufacturing CruiserTanks in this State._ We are concerned, having regard to recent developments,with respect to the position as affecting the appointed MajorContractor, viz. Chas. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd., and feel it necessary
tocomply with Mr. Ruwolt's request to give that Firm a clear statementof what is, or may be, required of them in this regard.To put the matter in perspective, it may be recalledthat on 50th April last, after much preliminary
enquiry, fonnalinstructions were issued to place an Order with Chas. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd.for 1—No. Experimental Tank Hull and Turret, the Firm to have thewidest possible latitude in working out their own ideas both as re-
garded the number of castings and the method of jointing. OrderNo. MOV. 474 was so placed on 2nd May. ‘On June 14th, the Secretary, Department of Munitions,instructed the Board to place an Order on this Firm for 177-
No. Tanks:Armour Plate Castings and Final Assembly. A subsequent instruction(25th June) directed that action be suspended in regard to FinalAssembly. Order MOV. 627 was so placed on 25th June. (ThisOrder, of
course, included a cut—out clause).Pending definite information in regard to FinalAssembly, Order MOV. 627 remained in suspense, as in the absence ofdefinite infonnation in that regard, the Firm was unable to planwhat
buildings and facilities would be required for the contract.The matter was subsequently discussed at the Conferenceof 18th August when it was detennined that Ruwolts should beresponsible for all machining of Castings
and for final assembly ofthe Tanks.Although this decision was not conveyed to Chas. RuwoltPty. Ltd. officially by this Board, obviously Mr. Ruwolt, as aMember of the Board, has been fully aware of the position in this
Iregard. _project in Australia would have to remain in suspension pending solu-tion of the problem of obtaining essential parts from the UnitedStates, and that meanwhile work of a more or less exploratory natureYour letter
of lst October indicated that the Tank/ only would continue so as to arrive at a final design and manufactur-I ing data.The position was reviewed by the Board on the receiptof your letter of lst October, and further action to
implement thedecision of 18th August was accordingly deferred. “élzp,/’A /On i1.-
 iA i /Mr. Essington Lewis. - 2 — 22nd October 1941.' On the 15th inst. Mr. Code attended the meeting ofthe Board and outlined his views of the present position in regard tomanufacture of Cruiser Tanks A.C.2 and A.C.1.
(For convenience ofreference, I attach copy of the relevant Board Minute). Unfortunate-ly Mr. Ruwolt was unable to attend this meeting.Mr. Code indicated that production of A.C.1 type tanksin New South Wales would
comnence early in 1942 and expressed his con-fident anticipation that such Tanks would be turned off the assanblyline at the rate of five (5) per week by the end of March. Thisstatement does not appear to accord with the
terms of your letter oflst October, in which you dealt specifically with the points raised byChas. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. in their letter of 20th September.Mr.-Code also stated that, as far as could be seen atpresent, capacity for Tank
production would not be required in Victoriauntil at least September or October, 1942, if at all.At our meeting this morning, Mr. Ruwolt expressedhimself frankly in regard to the manner in which his Firm has, in hisview, been
dealt with by this Department in connexion with the CruiserTank project, and he stressed the desirableness of the present positionbeing defined by the Area Board officially to the Firm.Mr. Ruwoltpointedto the facts of his
Company havingbeen appointed Major Contractor for this project, the Orders placed bythe Board for the Experimental Model and the 177—No. Cruiser Tanks L.P.No. 1 and Close Supports, and of the final arrangements
decided on 18thAugust with respect to the part which Chas. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. wererequired to perform in this undertaking.Mr. Ruwolt further represented that for many months hisCompany had deliberately refrained from
taking remunerative contractsso as to allocate the capacity of their Works for the Tank programme,and that meanwhile his staff, considered apart from the Firm as such,had devoted themselves to the experimental work and
the essentialplanning for the project as a whole. Apart from the direct expenseincurred and the indirect loss of business which, he claimed, theCompany has sustained, Mr. Ruwolt expressed resentment at the manner
inwhich the Tank project has been handled. In this regard he stressedthe fact that throughout the intervening period his staff had receivedno assistance whatever from the A.F.V. Division.The Board makes no comment on
Mr. Ruwolt's opinion thatthe A.F.V. Division has seemingly attanpted to "freeze out" his Finnas the Major Contractor for Tank manufacture in Victoria. I and mycolleagues feel keenly, however, the force of Mr. Ruwolt's
protest onthe admitted facts, and of his request that Chas. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd.should be infonned officially by this Board as to what their positionis as the appointed Major Contractor, and as to the Orders that havebeen placed
with the Finn on this basis.I We are of the opinion that viewing Mr. Code's verbalintimation of the 15th October in the light of your memorandum ofQ/1st October, the matter is one with respect to which we should have. WeI
your advice before giving an official notification to the Finnshould therefore appreciate the favour of such advice as early as maybe convenient to yourself.Yours fai lly,A .,‘ .Chainnan, Board ofArea Management.
ml\/EXTRACT FROM MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING QNO. 62) 15th OCTOBERL(Minute N0| 891) QRUISER TANKS: PRODUCTION ARRANGEMENT§:Mr. Code, controller A.FLV; Division, and Mr.Bromley, Production
Manager on the staff of Mr. Code, attendedthe meeting by invitation. Mr. code referred to the presentposition in regard to the production of cruiser Tanks and outlinedbriefly the factors that were militating against the
productionprogramme. In the main these concerned the importation ofessential components from U.S.A. and the availability of suitablemachine tools. Under present conditions, it was impracticableto proceed with the A.C.2
design and his (Mr. code's) impendingvisit to America was mainly for the purpose of making a first-handreview of the possibilities of importing essential parts and theobtaining of requisite machine tools. .Meanwhile, Mr.
code added, it was considered advisableto concentrate the production of A.C.1 type Tanks in New SouthWales. Certain progress was being made and a study of resourcesin that State showed that there are sufficient gear
cutting toolsavailable to carry on a limited production programme of this typetank. It was expected that the experimental model would becompleted shortly and early next year,it was expected, productionwould be
commenced. It was hoped to turn Tanks off the produc-tion line at the rate of five per week by the end of March, andthat this number would be gradually increased to the target ofeight per week.Mr. Code further said that
when the necessary toolswere available, consideration would be given to extending capacityfor Tank production in Victoria, but at present he did not thinkthat this stage would be reached until September or October,
1942.On behalf of the Board the Chainman thanked Mr. Codefor his outline of the Tank project and his clarification of theposition in this regard as far as the State of Victoria was con-cerned. He hoped that Mr. Code's visit
to America would beattended with success as it was the hope of everyone concernedthat production of Tanks in Australia would be achieved at theearliest possible moment.-
1J?_ /‘u1 L ,'rW§’L/1st October, 1941.xe Secretary,Victorian Board or Area lanageuent,Departmmt of Munitions,413 ccllins Street,!§§QEE.§- ¢-1-Dear 811',-I have to acknoiledge receipt or your letterof 27th September
covering copy of letter tron Ir. Ruwoltof 20th September. AI have consulted Ir. Code concerning this matterand we regret it has been impossible to implement thearrangement proposed at the conference on the 18th
August,but Ir. Code ie oi’ the opinion that the position in Victoriahas only been deterred for the tine being, and in his it is better to have tank manufacture established in one centrebefore comencing the Victorian section-
Dealing particularly with Ir. RnIclt's letter oi‘80th September:Pggagggg i:e reason for the temporary hold-up of theproject in Victoria has been brought about by the difficultyin obtaining parts tor the A.C.2 tank or the A.C.1
tank tronthe United States and that difficulty still exists. Untilthe position is clarified by Ir. Code during his inpuxdingtrip to America, the manufacture oi‘ tanks in Australia eill needto rennin in suspension.Pagagrggg giIr. Qade
has no knowledge at all of any suggestionthat General Iotors-Holdcxs should be appointed the majorco-ordineting contractor for Victoria. '\ P ran Gods is in favour of Ruwolts being‘ the majorco-ordineting contractor Ihen the
tine arrives.93551;"; *2t is true that certain time in I.S.I. are proceedingwith lone prclininary work in connection with the cruiser tank, <but this work is more or lees of an exploratory nature at themoment, to endeavour to
arrive at a final design and aenuractzu-indate. 1Kr. Busolt can be assured that no errort is beingnade to prevent his tirn from manufacturing tanks as theoccasion demands.Iours faithfully, _pcc. lreaqltdode. _ of liititivlil) _
ii3
~,' COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. nu.-».....uu=-mDEPARTMENT OF MUNITIONSTN§'/W '0" nun“ G"'°' BOARD or ARIA MANAOIMINT F°" ' - 413 C ll' S .T‘L::':::l:u.M:4s::::unni. } O Rzlbgffie,
C_]_§f.Z..J,°'§L"l'L'§§I13ZZ /A’ ZTO TH! szcnsnnv. /‘N1 Zpéh S6P130!l1b6I' 9 194:1. ‘1 R 1 Q zv . ' ,////Q , In ePl1' note 0 S If I 7,4, /__ '_LL|§I . \ X\'° ~ E ,!\\‘,A\‘__l ,.-A \._"’ /\ -- ,-Director General cg Munitions, '1" 0"‘ Q\§\\
Y; MADepartment of Munitions, —; QK E?as William Street, /.~. <19MELBOURNE. 0.1. Z/> ‘O/‘\CRUISER TANKS - oansas M.e.o. 2M.In acknowledging the receipt of your memorandum of12th September, I desire to
inform you that the matter was broughtbefore my Board on 17th September.Meanwhile, we have received a letter, dated 20thSeptember, from Messrs. C. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. , in which this Finn,as one of the appointed Major
Contractors, protests against thepresent impasse and makes certain observations as to the reasonstherefor.This matter was resubmitted at the Board meeting heldon 24th September, and, in the absence of further
officialinformation in regard to the Tank project, the Board expressedregret that it has apparently been found necessary to suspendthe implementation of the arrangements approved at the Conferenceof 18th August.The
Board does not feel disposed to comment oncertain issues raised by Chas. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd., but feels thatan explanation from the Department is due to this Firm so thattheir position as Major Contractor for the production of
CruiserTanks in this State may be clarified. I am requested, therefore,to forward copy of the Firm's letter for your perusal and thefavour of advice in regard thereto.-/\ L('1'. W.”'HEnneIIy$ 1Secretary, Board ofArea
Management.
l Copy tor Sir Alexander Stewart.C OIPYCHARLES RUWOLT PROPRIETARY LIMITED.550 Victoria Street,RICHMOND, E.1.20th September, 1941.The Secretary,Board of Ares Management,415 Collins
Street,MLBOURNE C,1.Dear sir,ORQISEQ TANKSReferring to your letter written to the Director~Generalof Munitions under date iith September wherein you set out thedecisions that have been made regarding the dties
and responsibilitiesto be undertaken by Charles Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. in connection with theproduction of Cruiser Tanks -1. It is necessary for me to say that I am somewhat disappointsat the reply you have received from the
Director—General(under date 12th September) inasmuch as that reply doesnot indicate any reasons why the project is held up - atleast in so far as relates to the major co-ordinatingcontractor.2. It seems to me that the
Armoured Fighting Vehicles Section,Ordnance Production Directorate, is not favourable toRuwolts being the major co-ordinating contractor, and thatit is the desire of the Annoured Fighting Vehicles Section\ that General
Motors—Holden's Ltd. be appointed the majorco-ordinating contractor for Victoria, or alternativelythat the Armoured Fighting Vehicles Section act as the‘ major co—ordinating contractor.5. It is apparent from the remarks
made by Mr. code that whatI say above is probably correct because Mr. Code has madethe statement that he is not in favour of Ruwolts beingthe major co-ordinating contractor.i4. It is oly right for me to say that I am averse
to the abovebecause I believe that Ruwolts are more competent to carryout the work, also I feel that Ruwolts will carry out thework in a more economical manner.5. It is necessary to again direct attention to the fact
thatRuwolts should be definitely advised whether it isintended to retain Ruwolts as the major co-ordinatingcontractor. This infonnation is really necessary forRuwolts to have because they must be in a position to 'plan their
future programme.6. You know that Ruwolts have an order not only for 177Cruiser Tanks but also for one only Pilot Tank, and Iregret to say that we do not receive the help and infonma—tion from the Armoured Fighting
Vehicles Section to whichwe are entitled.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII-------| ’dI
' SheetF /The Board of Area Management. 20th September, 1941.'7. We have been told that certain firms in New South Walesare proceeding with at least some work in connectionit seems strange to us that we are not
furnished withsimilar information. This appears to be furtherevidence that the Armoured Fighting Vehicles Sectiondoes not appear to be as helpful to Ruwolts as theoccasion demands.I trust your Board will realize the
importance of thismatter and I know that we can rely on your Board properly attendingto my request.Thanking you in anticipation,We are,Yours faithfully,CHARLES RUWOLT PIT. LTD.\(se1>.) CHAS. RUWOLT.Managing
Director.\\* owith Cruiser Tanks and if those rims receive information1TJ
u.2.u.z ? ~§’2/12th September, 1941. _EEHQFQNQQK for:The $scr:t¢ry,’ Victorian Board of Area Hanagemlt,418 Collins Street,FF!4}?-'>U}§-LIE, C - 1. 'Thank you for ynur meworanlum of llth Septcnberenclnsing a copy of
communication date 28th Augustaddressed by yaur Board to the Zecr tar; oi the Departmentof un1tions- ' -I have aota thc ~emarks contained in your letterof the llth Srptauhev PP1nb1n3 to the present position ofthe cruiser
tank project, and I an Séniing a cogy of itto Kr. A. H. Coie, Contruller er the A.F.V. Section, sothat he can aivise you more particularly on the subject-uenarally speaking, however, further expenditurein Victoria has for the
moment been held pending a reaurvcyof the position ‘y Mr. Coda un his Department.“he efore I est that on kindl ke n. r , sugg y y Q p 1 touchwith Mr. Coda so as a decision man be reached as noon asho has made hil
review.Director-General of Iunitionn.
"“* COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA \4H°NE=M,_,m,_, '.B0x zao9AA. G.F.O. Y‘ MINISTRY OF MUNITIONS 1-=|_z..a»mc Annazss; BOARD OF AREA MANAGEMENTAREAMAN MILIOURNE-mm/w K ,_'?§><\‘-L "'3'!
413 Collins sma. yz 5’ALL COMMUNICATIONS ./‘Q: A.-\!‘—?3 Melbounz, C.l. / / 1;SHOULD_BE ADDRESSED 93/ ‘ , - JTO THE SECRETARY. - ‘ ' \ September in .‘~ 1 ( I‘ 1 0Q . /*~\In R0111 Quolc Na. ‘T \ / K L -' A !-
K‘ *"{ (f/ t / 19 ,9 ) /:4“ W MEMORAPTDUM FOR! ' ‘"1Id__ __ __ 4_\J»-<'\_ Q Js\'\._ it' The Director-General of Munitions ' 1, U»Department of Munitions, K .r85 William Street, * ‘TMELBOURNE, o. 1. *' - ‘P 1 .4 ~h ‘hr’? g,
‘)9’;F. .‘ CRUISER TANKS: omnnas M. G. 0. 961M & 962M. c‘ ( ,.\/Q _{.... I attach for your information copy of a comunicationdated 28th August addressed by this Board to the Secretary,Department of Munitions, which is
self-explanatory. A telephonemessage from the Secretariat in regard thereto was received andsubmitted to the Board on 5rd September, to the effect that the 'Cruiser Tank programme had been deliberately held up pending
re-consideration.It was thought by the Board that final arrangementshad been decided at the Conference held on 18th August, the Minutesof which disclose that the following decisions were reached, viz.,(1) That Charles
Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. shall be the MajorCo-ordinating Contractor.(ii) That the Major Co-ordinating Contractor shall be responsiblefor the production and machining of the castings and thefinal assembly of the Tanks.(iii) That the
Major Co-ordinating Contractor shall sub—contractto the Steel Coy. of Australia the production, as andwhen required by the former, of castings equivalent toa maximum of four Tanks per week.(iv) That no machining of
such castings shall be performed bythe Steel Coy. of Australia.(v) That additional facilities to be provided at the Works ofthe Steel Coy. of Australia shall be limited at presentto the extension of shop area for the production
ofcastings to the equivalent of four Tanks per week.On 27th August, Mr. Code, Controller, A. F. V. 'Production, communicated with me per telephone and enquired as towhat action was being taken in regard to the proposed
extensionsof the works of the Steel Coy. of Australia in this regard. Onbeing informed broadly of the decisions above—enumerated,Mr. Code expressed disagreement'and requested that implementationof the decisions be
deferred,as it was his intention to have the‘ matter re—opened. It is presumed by the Board that the matterhas been re-opened accordingly.The matter was-reviewed at the meeting of the Boardon 10th September, but
further action to implement the decisionsreached at the Conference held on 18th August was postponedpending confinnation from the appropriate authority./ i. g J ,”_
The Director—Genera1 of Munitions. - 2 — 11th Segtemberl 1941I am accordingly directed to request early advice asto what action it is desired 61 be taken by the Board to get theCruiser Tank Project moving.>/;’~,/’f4a
¢Q.{£'Z~ \ 41¢(T. F. Hannelly)Secretary, Board ofArea Management.
. COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA-rzu ms: an-an MU6751.TMGE;':.:QuI::.l»..-9... QQLY MmlsTRYB%=a¥gNgi9N£'rea Management."Areaman, Melbourne." "y4¢u,g,n;'415 Collins St_,3La§mmni%u*TNHANMeloournc,
C. ISECRETIII reply quule N0.28th August, 1941;MMQRANDUM FOR -¢\TThe Secretary,Department of Munitions,(For the attention of the Production& Statistical Branch, M.5),‘ -‘cooMDLBOUR"E C 1CRUISER TANKS:
ORDERS M.G.O. 961M & 962M.I refer to your Memorandum (MC/S419) of 25th June,wherein you directed that action be suspended regarding the 'Order to be placed on Charles Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. for the FinalAssembly of
the Cruiser Tanks referred to.This Board has received notification of the decisionof the Director—Genera1 of Munions that the Final Assembly ofthese Tanks shall be carried out by Ruwolts, and arrangements arebeing
made accordingly.In these circumstances, it is presumed that thedirection of 25th June is cancelled. Will you please confirmas early as possible so that the arrangements for this projectcan be finalised.(SGD.) T. N.
HANNELLYSecretary, Board ofArea Management.
\»_' I QINISTRY OF MUNITIONSO , ‘/MAFV/HJB/MA MINUTE PAPER , 14224-10 1 (‘l' his side only to be written on)U§JECT= Manufacture of Military Tanks in Australia.W 301:1». August , 1 941Memorandum to -Mr.
Code.The progrmnneir the manufacture of Military Tanks inAustralia in February, 19h1, was as follows:—/1. The Armoured Division to be equipped with §¥5?CruiserTanks. 540- new based (Io 3/ 2. The Department of the
Army required this equipnentdelivered over a period of twenty (20) weeks comencingNovember 1st, 19h1, viz: at the rate of 17 Tanks perweek.3. The design decided upon was to be an exact copy of theV M.3 Medium
Cruiser as regards Engine Transmission andTrack, with English design Hull and Fighting Equiment.At this time detailed drawings of the proposed design werenot available.The problem resolving itself into one of man-power
andmachine capacity, investigations were made with the purpose ofascertaining, as far as possible with the meagre information redesign then available,(a) The capacity available within Australia forthe accomplishment of
the programme.(b) The expansion necessary to enlarge thedeficiencies exposed by this investigation.(c) The degree to which existing capacity, pluspossible expansion, would comply with 1herequirement expressed by the
Department ofthe Army.The problem was divided into five groups, namely -wee aloub /yea/'1'-. ,' /WC -W/"<FTJ by, Iv/‘ab /d£ku=r'Production of Power Unit complete.Transmissions.Armour Plate Castings.Tracks and
Suspension.Final Assembly.these representing the major components of the proposed Tank.Each section of the problem was outlined to thoseorganizations, who had, during their ordinary peace timeactivities, been most
closely associated with the particularclass of work involved, with a view to obtaining answers to(a) (b)and (c) as applying to their particular organization.Amongst others Messrs. Chas. Ruwolt were approachedregarding the
production of Armour Plate Castings and Final ‘jAssembly, and they were invited in a letter dated M"¢cH-6'4t.-to submit a proposal outlining the extension to Buildings,Plant and Equipment which would be necessary for
them to manufactufive sets of Armour Plate Castings per week, a180, t° assembleeight Tanks per week. So far no such proposal has been submitted.With regard to a Memorandum we have received re Confiiencon Cruiser
Tanks of 18th August, 19h1, it is difficult to Pea Z6*\>$'etn as:_ fa’-1a.. Q‘[mes m .0»-/am, she» Z-=I~¢-am /q sen va/ed Vtrq//y éo. 1-¢.r/*0"-'10/e 0///:0-x al’ @"-W"? by/"W4/¢’_7(0rr'¢§. J¢<C(0¢'|_ clean»Q.1'8G-i
I(-. 1/ ,/‘.r' ._ -../‘-It will be noted that Order No. MOV. 267 bears the clause w, "The Department reserves the right to cancel this order at G5any thme", and this right definitely applies to any request %W ,///forwarded a Board
of Area anagement. It is therefore ourdesire that cancellation of the request that Messrs. Chss.Ruwolt be appointed Major Contractors for Final Assembly be- exercised.A11 the correspondence in relation to the suggestion
thatChas. Ruwolts be appointed as Assembly bontractors was carriedout internally in the Ministry of Munitions system. It, therefore,should not have been possible for Messrs. Chas. Ruwolts Pty; Ltd.,to have been officially
acquainted with any informat1on.regardingtheir proposed appointment as Assembly Contractors. '\ I ‘ I i I I "41 h i‘
A. -2-that this docment can be officially recognized in any othermanner than as a communication from a proposed contractor in thatit is both written and signed by such a person, and does notcarry the signature of either the
Board of Area anagement or°‘*“‘*“ “°P“£Z‘l?;‘£ 2£.£P.?..£“3§*122‘;.£, °£;.££‘ié=}.9.Ir.',,‘Z€;‘°a;°;.',‘f<%',.'Li .£;.’..,.._However, in order to clear the misaoprehension which such adocument may create the following explanations
of the variousmatters contained therein may serve to correct several statementsobviously based on insufficient knowledge of the subject or ofthe steps which had been taken by the Annoured Fighting VehiclesDivision to
bring the whole project to a logical basis.Re Para. g1). With the exception of the supply ofépur 9y.Plate Castings no official commitment has been made to~ as. Ruwolt.4MThis comitment in the fonn of an official order for
177 sets ofAnnour Plate Castings was rejected by that Company in theirletter dated 26th June, 19h1. All other correspondence has beenin the form of proposals which have not been replied to by theCompany in a
satisfactory manner.There has never been a proposal that Messrs, chas Ruwoltbecome Major Contractors for Tanks, only for part of same, namely -Armour Plate Castings and Final Assembly.1%arMessrs. Chas. Ruwolts
expressed determination not to participatein the contract except at their own tenns, without regard to theplanned programme of tne Ministry of Munitions, does not exhibit thespirit of cosordination which is a prime necessity
for the successof the Project.Re Para. §2 bl. The suggestion that a Contractor supplyingArmour ?late only should be the arbitor as to whether or not productionshould be extended to another foundry, is not a satisfactory
oneto this Directorate. [a/Q/»\4¢,-//=4nc¢wL14y /M»-y).As yet no indication has been given by Messrs. Chas. Ruwolt, asto whether the Company possesses the facilities to produce thenaed figure of six Tanks per week - or
the extent to whichexpansion is possible to achieve this object.It will be noted that no delivery rate is specified on theorder, the intention being to set the rate after due examinationof all factors governing same.Item (2 c)
therefore incorrect.Re Para. 1. Arrangements regarding machining of castings have been made,and the principle of"castings to be machined at the worksof the Contractor supplying same'fully discussed withMessrs.
Bradford Kendall, Sydney, who are carrying out allthe research work allied to foundry practice, also withthe Board of Area anagement, Sydney. It has been generallyagreed both from the technical and economical point of
viewthat this principle is the most satisfactory.Re Para. h. For the reason that Messrs. Chas. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. wereseemingly the only possible Assembly Contractors withfacilities for carrying out this assembly a request
wassent to the Controller of Production and Statistics requestingthe assembly to be placed wiah Ruwolts. Subsequent to theletter to the Board of Area anagement, signed by J.D.Brigden1h/E/h1,it was indicated that two
other Companies might moreefficiently be able to handle the assembly, in view of theirexisting plant and buildings probably becomingavailable. TheDirector of Ordnance Production on the 17th June requestedthe Controller
of Production and Statistics to place orderslhrough the Boards of Area Management in accordance with theprevious memorandum of 28th May, "with the exception ofpages 11 and 12, the action on which we request should
bedeferred in the meantime."
/' '5 "' Re Paragja) Mr. Ruwolt has no knowledge of —1 The complete detailed design of the Tank.2 The quantity of machine tools involved.3 The steps which have been taken to simplifydesign and to save machining,and,
therefore, is not in possession of the informationnecessary to enable him to make such an authorativestatement.(b) The contemplation of difficulties surrounding theproduction of Tanks can be of no value unless
accompaniedby constructive as to tbsO34114-YE?!-f naglf runno:-44:4-'¢~f 15124;»,(c) The A.G.2 Prograrrme did not involve the use of largemachine capacity and required mainly the expansion ofFoundry capacity for
supply of Armour Plate Castingsat a rate equal tqpsupply rate of complete machinedtransmission components from the United States ofAmerica. The decision to proceed with this programmewas made by the War Cabinet
after full considerationof the expenditure involved.(d) A great deal is known about the specification of thesteel, and Messrs. Bradford Kendall and others haveproved themselves quite capable of estimating theprobably cost
of the plant which will eventually beneeded for the production of these castings, basingtheir estimates on their knowledge and experienceand ex tl th d t il f d i tac y e same e a s o es gn, e c. assupplied to Messrs. Chas.
Ruwolt. See—apprcr£bdn~thQ-Qér0QtQr—QQneralie£—M1mgticnsj?fSlrad£erdrKendall~(These estimates were completed by Messrs. BradfordKendall some months ago, and the Buildings, Furnaces,etc. are now in
progress, illustrati the c - pgativeand patriotic spint of this Company.%iEaga£§§¥g Shiningof the dastings, a tentative design has been submittedto the Director of Machine Tools ad Gauges, for a1 simple,single-purpose
machke, capable of machining allV n~q$4¢J portions of a fank Hull of;one-piece type, with exceptionof drilling, in approximately 8 hours. After discussionwith the Director of Machine Tools and Gauges it appearsthat one of
these machines can be produced in approximatelyfour months and two within six months. Should it not bepossible to produce the Kull as a one-piece Casting,additional machines will be required,»but,again, these 'would be
of the single-purpose type,.and,in view of thehuge programme which has been recently accomplished for machiQLLQA» ines for sefl turning, sehl pressing and the like, it,/’// should not be difficult to produce the
requirementwithin the next six months if the work is given thepriority commanded by the Tank Project.(9) See Memo. dealing with Status Appraisal, dated50th August, 19b1-~ . it _ _ ___ _ __ __ Q
.4.IZijggjil Type and number of machines has been estimated, somehave been procured, whilst some are in process ofmanufacture. The machining of castings should notbe left entirely to Messrs. Chas. Ruwolts./Klixxuntlt
is essential that the necessary machining becarried out under the smne supervision as thatgoverning the production of the castings in orderthat corrective foundry treatment may be effectivelyapplied.e.g. It may be found
that one hour's extra work oncertain parts of the mould may save several hours of\machining, and this balance can best be preservedunder the one administration. Drilling would bepossibly carried out at the works of the
selectedAssembly Contractor as circumstances indicate.Inspection of castings is facilitated by examinationof machined castings, thus ensuring elimination ofrejects at their source, saving time and transport.In view_of the
entire lack of constructive co-operationexhibited in the correspondence received from Messrs. Chas. Ruwolt,it is recommended that his refusal to accept Order No. MOV.627be accepted and the whole matter of construction
of Tanks in ‘clVictoria be reviewed in the terms of memorandum,r'e €¢;=_f_;"f;K",!:,';§g:'9J;¢11onoRe paras. 6, 7 and 8, these are covered by Status Appraisaldated 30/8/b,1 .H.J.Bromley, "Production Manager,Armoured
Fighting Yehicles Division.a.
Q5;‘???a@\\§?5‘~i\§R 1‘ E1 I9% " z, aw.w’Sir Aloxander Btonrt,Chairman,Victoria Board or Aron41.8 Collins ltroot,I§l&9.QBE-Deor B1: Alan, .unk you for your letter or Mm August onclooin; copy of lotto? of ilt August
addressed to the Bacrotoryof tho Victoria iurd by Ir. Ciharlos Buwolt.I should be vary pleased to discus; thisaubjoo with you and o little later on I will get Ln touchwith you no to n tile for o mutually convenient
appointlmhXoura sincoroly,(Director-Oonornl or Iunitionl)jz>’
. ,_. ' ," ,/“xx, 4, §Q,,,_,,,T@Essington Lewis Esq., \ Director—Genera1 of Munitions,"Western House"Melbourne.My dear Essington Lewis,Cruiser Tanks - L5’. No. 1At our last Board Meeting, held on the30th July, and at
which Mr. A.R.Code, Controller ofA.F.V. Production, was present, the discussions were“ centred round ARMOLTH PLATE CASTINGS.Mr. Chas. Ruwolt, Managing Director ofMessrs Charles Ruwolt Pty.Ltd. has taken a
very definitestand and he stated that should the terms of the letter,No. LL19, secret, signed by Hr. S.R.Be11 for 1'r. J.B.Brigdenand addressed to the Board of Area Management on 1L;th June,be not adhered to, he would
have to consider his wholeposition, and in all probability, would withdraw fromthe project.0 This morning I received a letter addressedto the Secretary, Board of Area Management, on 1st August,and I am attaching a copy
hereto. It appears he willnot accept the position to become the Contractor forI '3'._»§.Ex,s-rswAR1' {L f_/3' \?»)- 3 co1_|_ms HOUSE, ~ "- . ,1? I" /1 .1 '~/ W 36O,COl_LlN$STREET,, TEL.N9 , V _v&1M3678. F_\:_$C- “exq
MELBOURNE,C.1.\ _-_ k/\ k hth August 191-L1.@7Iu=_1\ “J / /
|_~Ia‘ w ‘ .¢ .~castings of the necefor Cruiser Tank conthe assembling of thbecome the major conof Australia as Sub-I am somatter but the posit_nand after you have rshould like to havewith you.Unfortuin Melbourne this
wenext week-With my2ssary steel plates suitablestruction, unless he is givenese tanks, and furthermore,tractor with the Steel Companycontractors.rry to trouble you with thision has become very difficultead this
correspondence, Ithe opportunity to discuss itnately, Mr. Ruwolt will hot beek, but he will be availablekind regards,Yours since ly,' V IQ§,—__-an-I-""—_i'Chairman, Victoria Board of AreaManagenent.
_> _ . copy, /' ' ~ Charles Ruwolt Proprietary Limited.‘ Q50 Victoria Street,Richmond.1st August 19h1.The Secretary,, Victorian Board of Area Management,M13 Collins street,Melbourne. C.1.Dear Sir,CRUISER TANKS.As I
expect to be absent from the Meeting ofthe Board which will be held next Wednesday, 6th August,it may be advisable for me to write and express m“ opinion on several matters relating to Cruiser Tanks.1. CONSTRUCTION
OF TANKS:Ruwolts now need final confirmation and adviceon certain matters as below :-(a) Ruwolts understand that they are appointedMajor Contractors and accordingly will becalled upon to place orders on the Steel
Co.'of Australia Ltd. for such castings as willbe needed by Ruwolts. These orders will beplaced by Ruwolts as and when they believeto be right and proper.It has been arranged that the orders placedby Ruwolts on the Steel
Co. shall not exceed arate of more than is needed for four (h)tanks per week; that is to say, the capacityof the Steel Co. shall be sufficient to produce0 up to four (Lt) tanks per week.Note: See Director Of Finance letter
dated1€777h1 addressed to the Board of Area Management:also see letter dated 1h/6/M1 to Board of AreaManageent signed by Mr. J.B.Brigden.(b) Ruwolts shall provide capacity to produce castingssufficient to make six
(6) tanks per week,Note: See letter from Director of Financedated 16/7/A1/( as above)(c) Ruwolts understandthat as they are MajorContractors they should be responsible forall machining to the castings. This machiningwill
be done by Ruwolts at their own Works orthey will sub-contract certain work to otherconcerns in the manner as will be later decidedby the Board of Area Management in conjunctionwm Ruwolts.b I _ _ _ ___ _
 in(<1)(eI 2Ruwolts were advised that they shall alsoassemble the tanks and provide capacityfor such assembly up to ten (10) tanksper week.Note: See letter to Board of Area Managementdated 1L;/6/Lu signed by Mr.
J.B.Brigden.Please observe what we say in paragraph (d)above is most important. We are not ableto plan what buildings will probably berequired until this important matter isdefinitely confirmed.I wish to express my opinion
regarding Production.I have previously directed attention to thefact that considerable time will be needed toreach the production that is now being aimed at,viz. ten (10) tanks per week,At present none of us has any real
knowledge ofwhat will be the final shape of the castings orthe specification of the castings, consequentlyat this stage it is almost impossible to form areliable estimate as to the type of plant andquantity of same which will be
needed.Therefore,I wonder how certain concerns can makean estimate of probable cost without knowledgethat I refer to above.2. FINANCE:(aRuwolts have authority to provide for anexpenditure of £100,000 for buildings in
connectionwith 25-pdr. Gun Howitzers and £25,000 forbuildings and certain specified plant in connectionwith Armour Piercing Shot; this means a totalof £125,000. All of this will not be needed fortangible assets. Portion of
the amount namedwill be expended on items which are really workingexpenses and will consequently become part of thecost of producing the articles referred to above.We will assume that 325,000 will cover
workingexpenses and £100,000 tangible assets. This meansthat the Commonwealth will have some equity in the£100,000 expended on buildings and certain plant.Ruwolts have said they will be prepared to purchasethe
equity which the Commonwealth possesses on thefollowing suggested terms :-The original equity will be reduced at the rateof five per cent per annum on original cost,that is say £5,000 per annunbRuwolts have suggested
that they will purchasethe equity as reduced within a period notexceeding ten years. Therefore it followsthat should Ruwolts exercise their rightof purchase at the expiration of ten years,then the equity will be reduced to
£50,000by that time.
li1I. . 0 /1(b)Cd)(e)' . 3Ruwolts have tentatively agreed to payinterest at the rate of four per centper annum, it being understood thatduring this Period the Commonwealthwill place orders with Ruwolts whichorders will keep
the buildingsreasonably occupied with productivework, and thus enable Ruwolts topay the interest.It is necessary to say that no formal agreementhas yet been made between the Commonwealth andRuwolts.Personally, I
am of the opinion that Ruwolts havetentatively agreed to equitable and favourable terms.Needless to say, if more favourable terms havesince been granted to or will be granted to otherconcerns then as a matter of connwn
justice theterms relating to Ruwolts should be amendedaccordingly.It seems to me it is essential that the Board ofArea Management should be advised by the Directorof Finance what terms and conditions have alreadybeen
made relating to other concerns. When theBoard has this information, together with what Isay above, will assist the Board to make properrecommendations for future Finance.In a letter written by the Director of Finance
tothe Director-General of Munitions (under date 25/7/M1)the Director of Finance states that the Steel Co. ofAustralia has received a loan of £22,000 for productionof Bombs, but does not state the terms and conditions.It
may be of interest to the Board to know that Ruwoltsmade extensions to their steel Foundry for the purposeof casting Bombs at a rate of 10,000 per week or more.These buildings and plant cost Ruwolts about £15,000.This,
in addition to providing the Annexe which costRuwolts about £10,000 makes a total of £25,000. Allof this cost is borne solely by Ruwolts and theCommonwealth is not asked to contribute anythings towardsthat cost.As
entioned above, I think the Board should be advisedof the terms and conditions relating to the loan to theSteel Co., as well as any other loan of a special nature.Personally, I am of the opinion that the conditionsoutlined in
paragraphs 3 and A of the Finance Director'sletter (under date 25/7/M1) do not properly protect theCommonwealth, inasmuch that the Commonwealth has noknowledge of what its ultimate responsibility may amountto. I
think the Commonwealth should know its liabilityat the time the contract is made.It seems to me that the Commonwealth should also havesome assurance that any estimate for plant and buildingsis a reasonably correct
estimate. It may happen thatwithin a year or so the Commonwealth may be called uponfor still further amounts to complete the project. Asalready intimated by me, I fail to see how reasonablyreliable estimates can now be
made, more especiallyso for special plant.L 4,
_ MI "45, . F»- ‘fa V’/Iv’As far as I can understand Ruwolts is theonly concern prepared to make an agreement with theCommonwealth whereby the Comnonwealth knows itsliability, and whereby the Contractor has
definitelyagreed to accept some definite responsibility.Although Ruwolts will agree to ters of thisnature, naturally it is contingent on the assumptionthat all Contractors are placed on a more or lessequal basis, and that proper
provision is made toprotect the rights of the Contractor in the eventof the cancellation of any order.If any Contractor will not agree to certaindefined terms and accept certain responsibilities, thenthe Commonwealth should
preferably erect the necessarybuildings and plant on land owned by the Commonwealthand favourably situated for resale to concerns otherthan the Contractor, and thus not rely solely on the“ Contractor as a purchaser of
the buildings etc.< 27&4-L < -I hope I will not be understood in my motivein writing to the Board; all/l wish is that otherMembers of the Board know what is in my mind.Yours faithfully,Chas. Ruwolt. (Signed)Member, Victorian
Board of Area Managenent_____ "J
‘lo! 1300-45A. n.r.o.7 11 <'.u;n-uuc Amman,“AIIAIIAI. llI|.lcu|lu|:.-ALL com4umcA1'|cmlIHQULD II ADDRIIIIDTO ‘mt IICRITARV.In Reply Quote Nu. COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. ' m........... m.. ya; — _ /BOARD OF
ARIA MANAGDIUITDEPARTMENT OF MUNITIONQ I xmax p 7“ I ';;,.1'*'-'*~*m~*.:',.'.;'-:.**-m,.' -*23% an {on ‘tan tortgnisannals» me n nlnaai pupa:413 Collins treat. / 3,7Melbourne. C-1 . L’?tnIa¢\l\,1941-, ‘E L 5»!nmamnm
<°’ RECE\\'FF.- ri 1 wlwg» % ¢<7" 0 “Q';;q.<?> a__¢ s ‘x 1'41‘, - ,_ ';;w' 3,1; vv,"»* :2 nil: JM -‘:§\I?_': "Q,-4“c:>=I._,§71‘ Lv}3i““‘ ‘}’F_\_.= Z'I~7.Ti]J'ui\ YT‘ 5}Ilthremoanutbynrllantltlecrdhiatgnntnt-lvntir‘EEif~' an%'...u""1"*...F'.-
.1¢‘$......¢"" jnq;nrinnnnat\ho0cquwnou-ncrnqnaiins2*"?hgarég2 % 1gig} ?:¥'*‘§%“'‘,533Iammr&mhdMnmmmt otthpomzarrmkprcdunttmpzqznnbrtin _ ,;jA.P.f»"rntat1nu, tnonwtlun ntharqannat-Ilia
nannl~,c|ltur\hn:aar100tInn\Innonr4£nI0¢n1~lihna~uQmuotujniohwlnnnntluchnpptvnlbohnldklnuupcana.AeQy¢tl\lIo%llnt1nnI111il2oIIu'¢!ld1\otbmpgsaneuualdkttinn.lib(-1.11.lawnAlanIf‘UOopy tuna:-dad to Digcinr-grail 0.!‘
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y AZ *the xairm,yr/J ’/'§VNth July, _ VVictorian bard of L1-ea Iuugqmt,413 002.1111: Qtroot,ii»1-LI-J-IHornith 1: a copy or n ncnormdan addrosud by noto the Director of Ordnance Induction undo: date 281-d July,which I111
speak hr itself.InaDirector-ions:-al or jxmitienl.\\_.\.-we7/
V \‘ COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA ‘ m£,.,,,,,E,m,,-,,,B°“'°°“'°'P'°' MINISTRY or MUNITIONS »’ C 0 P 2 , 1TE\.In|uu-mc humus: Baum or AREA Mnrueamsur“(I-KHAN, Mn-IQQIW413 Collim Street,ALL commumcxrnous
Melbume, C-1-SHou|_n as ADDRESSEDor z zcnsnmv.* " 5 ital Jib; 190.»ln Reply Qnnle No. ,‘ mmm /Q7’/3 {;&/The Dtnctor at Pianos, _Dqu-hat at Ithm,83 I111i.em' " Strut,;*L"I_-‘r"=‘“=.'II".<>"l3¥ ",S~i¢.li£=i§,u;' .that u
011110! Tintat 10 par nook in ancanQGBQQgws@%%§%?§5&5???§=€§¢€§§s§sZ:'§§*iaéégz=§*1&8EE EiagfiO0.],g.= Tohlmpnoawucquw.I j:::‘:l%ng&' cad.2;“Egigf55%-
159$?55*";a§§5§as§Rungh',y01‘£icuPtttomhapesturnI-onkarRnc,8hnuue,I1rutA1d, 100°Iwulo Batu, liloAclltthla to Ottha __$ 818¢I60~ 1 ‘I003&3!!! WP-"'1 lawHahn U00Mr I-inn __§2 8,860Owullhnad Omani I-000 ,u—.-
:1=9:.3m1pat am"u:1”‘rms - 1',mmthe clock __1 50.088 ¥ 3v°°°.2!nlmmm= -M122.991 4'"-°"°sJ 1
P“ -.,~/'4‘- - '9" .1511:-ilk23%2?!QI5:~: 5;:5; Qgi3?; igi..s a_éiiaiei 23es lz%%§'!B g?n pianounortutlngtmttln 1-spaced 4eventually be purchased by tbs: pang:-tom1novorn11tln1rtatnnnw1h£humor,
tlntnyuonlapannblylltntnumclultnnotnarunoclntrnctl.1 —n11 equity to tha Qanl1la1th dwaldd—n11nhod-annualt all tantttaoair mam8 Ni§§'"'§%§%ié(sen. ) ALEXANDER STEWART.Oliimln, Beard OfAra Inngnnt.Copy
forwarded to Director of Ordnance Production." " Director-General of lV[u.n.1.t1ons..
F ,30$. re lava “xx \/' ’ to 30100 “nun.no/an/u; ' 1/'/S 11.1.11. kgigorlnF25IQREL O00 OF AUSIBALIA PTIQ LE0 I LIIEJCB FOR STEEL OA8'I'IliO8u ,1'79! I611, 1961 ',P)\m-nuangunuvu /~34/~/-~7¢J“g"""“"“’/M. nu-00t4I-
donned diflnnn. IMwrudl0q7¢ ¢M10instant 040.1-0ao06t0tho‘gi.r00\q-at tniuohyuuapoohthe acting up in V1000 mu fur mo pamottn at M001cnnttnsngr 10 ‘ranks per - 0110.:-100 Raven ny.x.m. to provideta I , and 80001 00.
of Aunttdtn 117.100., IQ 4 Saab.ga55%525:oztonoim 01‘Dovolopmntl1:01-came: an samba&!'..?2.'El-.1‘1'0 be supplied by u OqmyImnry Building - Bxtonnlcn toBuilding in 00\u~00 or orutiuby adding 800' z 146' to Intom and
388' z 148' to but hul-'l'h0 Ouupnny I111 1:108:11 811012pa-cunt plant in the last Sudanof tho Bulking an 10010 anil-nblo 0 01001‘ u-on 0! 488' z 146'tn an OutingsIamllry OttluDrilling 03100rattan lhop 4|: Mawmotor Roan,
Shanta, rst Aid,01010 Racks etc.Additlcu to urn»ElntrioalGilIat»Air Lino:Scan»! lmntlOvorhlad GrannlFIIIFIII 0 ls0 I 14410:lloulding Plant & B‘-quipaontGonoral Plant00:10:01 EquipunntTint 01003 ' ' -010,0000080coo1,000
h1,100noaoo_E20,000aa,0ooans:v,uo70'!_.1.M39.8!-.*I intuition to you pl-0900010 ta tbsand tuilitlu hr Ob 80001 Onnpuay.than proposals unldui, and I at outta yum oannu-atlas!-"5'-”s.1s,a0o2,00000,0802,0000,010$80.0“!
. - 1'!:nnnpou1t;'rcrth08tpo10o.toro,qranpthai.r"‘“ 1 An an Bag n-Quaint manna: to: amour plain outinghn not boon dnnitoly ummmu, n utinil IQ humus ltd.:2 not ho uaurato, and 1 fairly navy oaxungmoy prwlclm hllI
in'nn8\soo10o.tnv0nd.vLudus*ttutt1n7omg1vonounaorkinsthntthowopuodoxtmltqatobunnglwqauonawnlllbommohnnoabytbnutlnuplantuuzulagpropanlnyonnrall tun: tutu-0 aqua-unntl. any haw iatuaiacd haunt,
thatzhpyuoulapu-obab1yv1nhto\nbo¢vurthobu11n.1.n;a nithoomolndmnelnotonoountnata. Itnot tber0wou1d’n0;@11oQz:.t1tomommnummmmmdmwuumuun.pm-aunt building plan: awn thin mists: cal at cxtnr urgencyand I
dallbo gland 12 thin matter oanhmund u quicklyan POIII-bl-O0 .thiauucannhnin bougrwnrdod to uvista-an Board 1 llungsaat with a roqualt that ay ahthan roaxmdl diroot to you.;.-miEgaLo :0 HIKTNETTDirector at Ordmnon
P:-nauouen
‘V /45,13’ .52$’16th 3111!, 1941-1110 manna,Yiltorimhoard 0.1’ Ara bsgencnt,413 00111:: Qt:-oat,ii W1-Bu-r Sir, PHo:-euith in n copy at nqnormdzmIf 15th July addruscd to no by the Director ofFinance relating to the
financial nnbnissionswhich have bean lad! in respect of the 8120111 CompanyOf Lultrllil and 1159 Chat. Ruwlt Pty. Ltd.’ Ihiahutters are no doubt receiving year attention.Your: faithfully,(Director-General or
lmitiom)Hmlouurct
<=1>\"‘“' ‘Q _ M_lNlSTRY o|= MUNITIONS REc4E‘Ng!‘ 11 / 1.1 mm ...1:.s:2R M 1° p /25i», ' A\SUBJECT: ARMOUR PLATE CASTINGS - “s1.1 \\DIRECTOR GENERAL OF MUNITIONSI have to acknowledge your minute
of the10th July advising that it has been agreed that a targetfigure has been fired for Victoria of ten Cruiser Tanksper week, of which Ruwolts are to manufacture six setsand the Steel Co. of Australia four sets.2. , .amOn the
20th May last a tentative submissionwas made by the Director of Ordnance Production in respectof the Steel Co. of Australia, but as you are aware thiswas held up until the tank programme had been more fullyconsidered.
Whether that submission will be affectedby whatever may have transpired since I am not in a posi-tion to say, and I propose therefore to await an ended‘ submission from the Board of Area Management, Victoria,setting out
the extent of the accommodation and facilitiesrequired, with an estimate of its probable cost.5. At the same time that I received a submissionin respect of the Steel Co. of Australia I also received anindication that some
additional facilities were proposed tobe installed in the works of Charles Ruwolt, Pty. Ltd., butwithout details. For the reason expressed in the previousparagraph these were also deferred, and it will be necessaryfor the
Board of Area Management, Victoria, to submit a com-plete submission containing similar information to that re~quired for the Steel Co. of Australia.4. Until I receive this information in respectof each of these Companies it
is not possible for me toprepare submissions for your approval.5. The remarks relating to cost procedure con-. tained in a letter dated 26th June from Charles Rwuolt Pty.Ltd. are relatively unimportant, and I will discuss
andsettle these with Mr. Ruwolt personally./Zn“ 1/.1“/-\_/~» V Ll?“ gt"/”_ 71" I_\\ , Director of Finance/' ( ,-/\ .r . 15/7/1941L7 /I/ __/
_ ,5L JW)r AMFA0_'/‘V___/ _Q % “WWgm mmm Mw gmQ? W MW“ “WWW”gm mg M? “wan”? Wmmwmm WWm km m&m___m m mmmmum? “Mam mwxaw MI_
>"9/We/“J MINUTE PAPE484-401\\@'/10,0 ,1 /<>Q.MINISTRY OF MUNITION 4‘ 9'§"r~£\\IEnJUU9“ -(Thls side only to be written 0SUBJECT =mu - -n\e>"“lll!l"'1 - July, 1941 UMEMORANDUM FOR.Mr. Essington
Lewis,Director-General of Munitions.I wish to acknowledge your memorandum or the 27thinstant which enclosed copy of a letter from Sir AlexanderStewart, together with copies of enclosures.At this juncture I am not
answering all the queriesraised by the Board and Mr. Ruwolt but would like to establishimmediately a target figure of capacity for 10 Cruiser Tanksper week in Victoria.As the availability of machine tools necessaryfor this
Project cannot be definitely established I am not in aposition to completely plan this production and in consequenceI have set what is, in my opinion, a reasonable figure to plato. ///With Comonwealth assistance the Steel
Company ofAustralia is at present erecting buildings to house theirpresent business and Bomb production and need to alter theirbuilding plans if they are to participate in Tank castingproduction. For this reason I shall be
pleased if animmediate decision can be given to the proposal to assist thisCompany, which was put toward by me on the 20th May, 1941.The above can be condensed into the followingrecommendations:-(a) Provision of
Buildings, Plant and Equipment forMessrs. Chas. Ruwolt to provide capacity forcompleting Machine Castings, sets of castingsfor 6 Tanks per week; and(b) A similar provision for the Steel Company ofAustralia for 4 tanks
per week,1 ‘ I"; 2€;§%sZ;4%._,44-s3*$""d'71 1 ..L J HARTNETT_u* Director of Ordnance Production.Y<\'CL3 7\\~\\“‘ -10$'"1N"\
.6‘v.1-. » 7~,.,I'M! 0.= .'2y »=.-1:,1.‘v<A1-.H‘;‘“,37 .M»mg“‘ ‘D=1‘ ,5 Y.i$15cmsn rum. [>1/f ‘/A W' ;fm\~a '., n;._I,_;~>.-{*1 ;._h"i'i*r ‘Lloruith in 1 copy of latter or 27th Junoracoived from the Qulrlnn 01’ the Iietoriln ndat A1-on
Imaiqnnt, melon 1 latter at 86th J“gun mm addronod to hi: by Gnu-10 It Pty. Ltd, coaoorntliOrder Io. IOV,62'I.Betoro taking this nutter my further, I mouldappreciate it it you Iould kindly gin it your considerationand than-carter
tavcmr no Iith your eommta.Direetor-Genoa]. of Iunitionl.1/'1/41.Izclasuru
I. ~ >' - "'* ' 3-1:,”' COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIAso‘: 2aaeAA. _G.P.O.THE’!-lONEx MU 6731, , MINISTRY OF MUNITIONSTm ~=A;::;R“'- BOARD or-' AREA MANAGEMENT 6’413 Collins Strcel,ALL.
COMMUNICATIONS Mglbguu, C_] _ [1suouus sz ADDRESSED 1 2, 7TO THE SECRETARY '27JU.N'i"l/ll/5' 13The Directoz~Genera1 of Munitions, ' RECEN QDepartment of Munitions U, \\\\\\“as William Street,’ 3° J WIn
Rrply Qwu N».MELBOURNE, C.1.Dear Sir, _CRUISER TANKSRecently we received a request (Memorandumfrom Secretary, No. M. C. S568), asking that certain Ordersbe placed in connexion with Cruiser Tank
Requirements.In accordance therewith Order No. MGV. 627has been placed with Messrs. Charles Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. for177—No. Sets of Armour Plate Castings.The order for assembly was not placed withthis firm in
compliance with a request to hold action forthe time being.We have now received from Mr. Charles Ru_wol_t,the Managing Director, the accompanying letter, in which&_-states that he is unable to accept the order in the
formand conditions under which it was placed. Copies of therelevant orders are enclosed for your information.In view of the serious position regardingTank manufacture which will be created unless satisfactoryarrangements
ca.n be made with Charles Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. onthese matters of principle, I am referring the letter toyou for favour of your consideration and advice.Yours fait lly ,90Q’Chainnan, Victorian Boardof Area Management.
H,TELEPHONE: CABLES AND TELEGRAMS: Cooss.JA 5321 -10 LINES "RUWOLT" MELBOURNE BENTLEV'5, A.B.C. 5TH EDBROOMHALU5CHARLES RUWOLT PROPRIETARY LIMITEDREGISTERED Omcsr I
/;S30-S54 VICTORIA STREET, RICHMOND, E.1, y ‘ “VICTORIA, AUSTRALIAOUR REFERENCEYOUR REFERENCE 251211 JUJQ, 1941.5|4—A.P.—5/41The Secretary,Board oi’ Area Management,Ministry of
Munitions,413 Collins Street,MELBOURNE C.lDear Sir,CRUISER TANKSOrder N0 MOV 627We have for acknowledgment your letter under date 25th Junewherein you enclose Order No. MOV.62'i.l. We are unable to
accept Order No. MOV.62'7 in the form andconditions under which this order is placed.2. We direct your attention to our letter of 24th June wherein wefully set out various matters relating to Cruiser Tanks anduntil the
several matters raised in that letter are properlysettled it appears to be impossible to proceed with OrderNo. MOV.627.3. In our letter of 24th June it is stated in paragraph 6b that"Ruwolts will agree to purchase the above
buildingsfrom the Commonwealth providing suitable terms andconditions can be arranged." 'When we made that statement we naturally believed that we wouldbe entrusted with the project of Cruiser Tanks in the manner
sooften stated to us, that is, that we would also be MajorContractors for assembly; but as there now appears to be adoubt about this matter it is necessary for us to withdraw ouroffer to purchase certain buildings under
certain conditions -at least until such time as a proper programme is definitelyagreed upon.4. It should be recognized that as it is necessary to erect newbuildings and equip same with suitable plant for the purposeof
producing castings for Cruiser Tanks then the capacity ofour Works will be so unbalanced - inasmuch as there will beover capacity for steel castings and under capacity forfinished operations - that it may not be feasible for
us tobind ourselves to purchase buildings and plant for which theremay be no use should Order MOV.62'7 be cancelled as is indicatedon that order.5. We also wish to direct attention to the fact that due to thedelay arising
from finally and definitely advising us just whatwe are expected to do in regard to Cruiser Tanks has causeddelay in the erection of buildings and plant for the properproduction of steel for ingots needed for Armour Piercing
Shot.(contd.)
CHARLES Ruwour PROPRIETARY LIMITED sussr No. 3-Board of Area Management 26th June, 1941.t ,1’ I 7We cannot properly planu for the buildings and at least someof the plant needed by us for Armour Piercing Shot
until weknow what we are expected to do in regard to Cruiser Tanks,because some of the buildings and nearly all plant will besuitable for each project.0n April 22nd Mr. F. J. Woodward - General Manager - and othersof the
A.F.V. Section, conferred with the writer regardingCruiser Tanks and we were then definitely told that we wouldbe the Major Contractors for Armour Piercing Castings as wellas the final assembly of Cruiser Tanks.We were
also told that the matter would be finalized veryshortly.It will be observed that considerable delay has arisen and thisdelay is not due to any neglect by us.We understand it has been suggested that certain concerns
beequipped with buildings and plant free of charge to suchconcerns; also that such concerns will be under noobligation to purchase such buildings and plant from theCommonwealth. If that is so, then it is obvious that we
willbe compelled to reconsider our offer as contained in ourletter of 24th June.It also appears necessary for us to say that we believe it isessential that the matter of Costing should now be definitelysettled.Although the
Director of Finance has given certain rulingsrelating to Costing there appears to be some doubt in theminds of the Chief Accountant's Department and others as tohow these rulings shall be interpreted.For instance, the
Director of Finance has ruled that -material shall carry a profit of only 2%; alsomaterials when taken from the Contractors store and/orstock shall be costed at market value.It appears to be impossible to ascertain market
value; moreespecially so for materials stocked by us.To properly conduct our business it is necessary to carryheavy stocks. Some materials are in stock from twelve toeighteen months. Some material is directly indented by
usand obviously the cost of all the above material when putinto use is higher than the landed cost and it is to coveran instance of this kind that the Director of Finance hasapparently made the ruling referred to.On our Cost
Cards we show materials at landed cost becauseit is impossible for us to translate the landed cost intomarket value. In some cases there is no market value.The Chief Accountant's Department has up to now allowed
onlyBé so called profit on the landed cost of this class ofmaterial whereas the actual cost of storing, handling andother charges relating to this material is very much morethan 2%; consequently we would be making a rather
heavyloss on this class of material if this procedure iscontinued.
CHARLES OLT PTY. TD.ICHARLES RUWOLT PROPRIETARY LIMITED sun No. 5-.744.._ Board of Area lllanggement 26511 June, 1941- ,w V /ll. For the purpose of obtaining some practical method ofascertaining a
reasonable value of material taken fromstock we have suggested to the Chief Accountant'sDepartment that we will be content if 5% is added to thelanded cost of such materials.In our opinion this will not be sufficient to
cover realcosts for all materials carried in stock by us and willthus be favourable to the Commonwealth; nevertheless wewill be content to accept this method for all Munition workor other work made by us for the
Conmonwealth. (We maytell you that for private work we expect and obtain atleast 10 to 12% on landed cost of materials carried instock by us.)Up to the time of writing we have not received any advicefrom the Chief
Accountant's Department as to whether ourmethod is acceptable or not consequently the matter isstill in abeyanee.l2. If ourOsuggestion is adopted then it means that -all materials taken from our stock will be chargedon
Cost Cards at landed cost plus 5%;all materials specially purchased from other concernsfor any particular Job will be charged up on CostCards at landed cost; 'then on all material costed in the manner describedabove will
carry a profit of 2%% (except in suchcases where it is specifically agreed upon betweenthe Department and us that a lower rate than 2%%profit on material is fair and reasonable.)13. As we have not succeeded in arriving
at a definite decisionon these matters with the Chief Accountant's Departmentit seems to us it is necessary to do so because the methodsnow being adopted lead to confusion and additional workand costly delays in varying
the methods of ascertaining0 cost, and as there is no reason for this we do trust thatthe matter will now be finally composed.Yours faithfully, .7 V» aManaging Director
I \.COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA mE,,,,,,,,E ,,,,,,,,,,BOX ZBOQAA. G.P-O. ‘ , ' E MINISTRY OF MUNITIONSli':|.ia|u\Pr¢|c menu: ' ' ~ Boano OF Aaza MANAGEMENT / ZVEAMAN, MILKUINI-"C/B 4I3 Collins
Slreel,ALL COMMUNICATIONS Melboumq C.|.suouue as ADDRESSEDTO THE sscasraav.25th June , 19M .In Reply Qlnfe No.Messrs. Charles Ruwolt Pty. Ltd.,530 Victoria Street, nhDear sire,ORUIH TE ‘R LIP. Nil i l
,1»,1! jam Q .6451 (g1j_;;| '-‘ 1:)-'‘ 1! -I forward herewith Order No. IOV. 627 for177-No. Sets Armour Plate casting for cruiser ‘rank L.P. ,No. 1 , together with Order N0. ITV. 2'! for Pattems, Coregages, lloulding Boxes, etc. ,
required in connexion withQ omrcAt present it is not possible to supply you witha complete se or drawings for he work in connexion withyour section oi‘ the Project but sufficient advance copiesor blue prints will be available
to allow you to proceedwith general planning. As additional drawings becameavailable for release, copies will be supplied to you.The cruiser ‘rank Project will be divided intosix (6) sections as renown-Amcnr Plate
castings.Track and Suspension Gear.G-ear Box.Engine Assemblies.Front Axle Drive and Transfer Boxes.Final Aesemb ./~/\¢-\rsv\n-§U\U1<P'\J||\7-5where possible a section will be divided betweencontractors in Victoria
and New south wales.The matter of orders for Track and SuspensionGear is still under consideration, also the matter orassembly or the Tanks. As regards the Gear Box, it i notlikely that there will be a major contractor in
Victoriabut it is expected that sub-contracts will be placed inVictoria by Messrs. so rdale Pty Ltd , Pctersham, N S W.11116 s s c cFor the Front Axle Drive and Transfer Boxes, nomajor contractor has been selected in
Victoria but Messrs.coote and Jorgensen Ltd. , 602 Botany Road Alexandria, N.S.w.1:111 possibly be placing sub-orders in this state.1!An Order tor the Engine Assemblies has been placedwith General Iotors-Heldcns Ltd. ,
Fishemen's Bend, Portlle ourne.As production will depend substantially on theavailability or machine tools, t would be desirable forContractors in Victoria and Iew Booth Wales to cc-ordinatetheir planning in order to assist in
the conservation ormachine tool capacity./should1‘,J»
Sheet 2.Ycharles Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. 25th June, 1941.should any delay occur or be likely to occurwould you kindly communicate with this Office as early aspossible.when in production on this order, would you pleaseforward
advice to this office each Wednesday afternoon or(a) the quantities produced and (b) the quantities deliveredduring the week ended noon that day. This information may beentered on the forms already sent you and which
you have beenasked to return each 7ednesday afternoon in connexion withother orders, or, if you desire, it may be telephoned onWednesday afternoon (MU.6751, Extension 28).If any materials are required for this Order,
theyshould be ordered imediately and a copy or the order for-warded to the controller of Materials Supply, Ministry ofMunitions, 85 William street, Melbourne. This request ismade in order that steps may be taken to facilitate
yoursupplies in caseswhere difficulty may be experienced.Any sub-orders placed by you should show a referenceto the number of our order and should include the fo11owing;-"The right to cancel this order at any time
isreserved.Inspection is to be to the satisfaction of theInspector4Beneral of Munitions, Maribyrnong, or hisappointed representative. Test pieces and/or samplesfor analysis must be provided as required by the Inspector-
Oeneral of munitions or his representative, to whom refer-ence should be made for instructions.Precautions for the preservation of the SECRETnature of the work must be provided to the satisfactionof the Chief Military
Adviser and subject to the pen-alties of the Official Secrets Act."A copy of all sub-orders should be sent to theInspector-General of Munitions, Maribyrnong, W.3.Yours faithfully,(SGD)A. A. TREGEAR.Secretary, Board
ofArea Management.
01 _r, ,.\,\iiQ1Up,M,Telephone : N0. MU 6731.In mos .A., G.P.O.onmm N..._.llO!t..__622_COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. I MINISTRY OF MUNITIONS(1/B loud of Arse Management, Victoria.Charles Ruwolt Pty.
Ltd.530 Victoria Street,_.__.- ............ s._ _...,._ ................. .._DATE Please supply the following articles on account of the Board of Area Management, Ministry of Munitions,{I3 Collins Street, Melbourne, C.l.Delivery
......______._____..,__________ _ _ _ ________________________________ ______i __________ ,_________Quantity ArticleRace AmountCRUISER TANKS, L.P. NO. 1. AND CRUI£ s. I.SERTANKS, CLOSE
SUPPORT.Armour Plate Castings for CruiserTank L.P. , N0. 1 including -177-No.SetsSide PlatesFront Upper Castings, DriversCompartmentSupport Castings, Turret RingRear Top CastingsRear CastingTurretTurret
MantletDrivers Compartment MantletDifferential Housings.All to be in accordance with speciby the Department of the Annyand authorised for production bythe Armoured Fighting VehiclesSection of the OrdnanceProduction
Directorate.The fin shed castings to be subject to the i spection andtor-General of Munitions or his reprgsentative.InspeTest piobtai ed from the Inspector-General.fications and blue prints suppliedAccording to arrangements
made certain of this work is tgto the Steel Co. of Australia Pty. '| td. , Frithby youed to the satisfaction of the ChiefPrecaut ons for the preservation of the SECprovipenalties of the Official Secrets AtothOn a cost plus b is
naccordance with §'-tanrdConditiongx.‘ Pro it rginto be arr ged.approval of theces and/or samples must be provided fa required By the Inspector-Genergl of Munitions or his representative Instructi ‘bens maybe sub-co
tractedtreet, Brunswick.'1‘ nature of the woik t beilitary Adviser an sgeotti[Ike I
>\ ~ ‘l . ‘ |\ ‘ 1 J\ggect Q1 g, ll 1Telephone : No. MU 6731. Q “ ORDER NoBox 2809 AL, G.P.O.I07 . 527COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. (°°"*“)'MINISTRY OF MUNITIONS ' / 1-"Bond of Area Management,
Victoria.DATE1224th June, 19M.Please hl fai§aR@| oI't'|In:.nt of the Board of Area Mana ement, M'in.is of M 'ti_ g try um om,4X3 Collnu Street, Melbourne, C.l.Delivery__......__.__..i__..... Quantity ‘ Article 1 Rate |
AmountThe Departxnent reserves the right’ to cancel ‘#11! Order atany time. ' 2claims for p ent should be made on Deparjental étoautForm ('1'.S.l!3nf acoanganied by tho Inspeotio Oerti cat s.II\1IIiI ‘ ,i ‘\ ‘ y IM. of M.
C0rl‘l'€Spund€IlCC , M‘ C‘ 8368 Ordering ' Service Dcmzmd. 7' 7 . ______ .. Se4;remry_ Bnard of Area11.0.0. 961 ll. (Av, A Tresear)Forward Au-nun! v‘m..G_Q...'..962~H.3 ............................... .._ ‘ anag.emem'Chief
Accountant, Ministry of Munitions, H T305 Collins Street, lelboume. 0.1. A
‘ ./Telephone : No. MU 8731. ORDER No...lE._LBox 3800 AA., G.P.O.*1 ;.. '1)\s~\Jl}l };COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. ' MINISTRY OF MUNITIONSBoard of Area Management, Victoria.DATE Charles Ruwolt Pty.
Ltd.,530 Victoria street,-_--M -------- e- __....LL ............ ..._"3 c°l;§i€:'l¢s::.l£e1-:{Y;dhei‘::g:‘a€l1%3l:Cl¢l on account of the Board of Area Management, lliniltry of Munitionl,Delivery I3
_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________ Quantity } Aniele [ Rue Amount2ECRUISER TANKS L.P. NO. 1 AND CRUISERS I. 6.Such
Patterns, core Boxes, Moulding Boxe , etc. shall prior to eiru e in carrying out the contract and t all times be the prop ythe Department of Munitions, notwi hatanding agy trade pra ticethe contrary, and, therefore, are ot liable
t Sales Tax.WERE cno€E %Fo'R'r=Patterna, core Boxes, Moulding Hoxes, On a co t plue genie inetc. required in connexion with aeco ance wi hOrder No. HOV. 627 for the ‘ Stand rd Conitiore.production of Armour Plate
castings. Profi margi to earra ed.The Department reeervee the right to cancel this Order at any tine.Precautions for the preservation of the ECRET nature of th Ior‘ii ..st be provided to the satisfaction gf the Chief Militajy
Adieord subject to the penalties of the oificial Seer ts Act.M. of M. Corrrespondence..l,.(1,_...S.a.§6§_a ____________________________ ..Service Dunand ..FFPP§OOil I961 H, Ordering Officer.._.($D.1A.....A.._..I -
Secretary, Board of AreaForward Accoum =0.1!he...Chie1‘i,,Aec9nntan1,_!in.1.e1ir1,..of M'll!\1t1O!1B, Management605 Collinastreet, Melbourne. C.1. 'H10--41?
>nlo,y.‘~1;-‘~‘. w4'0' 7,H_2j|i( g¢!I7IlH!'lIlI~IUII-DIKIBDIQUIPIZI._'. i5'i’!\' 1 ' ' Z X». I '2». '11‘ U '7'! U( For your attvntion I melt“ hureuith copy ctlatter of nu: data to lit Mannie: ltouart, togetherwith copy or cmloauru veto:-rad to
therein, all at whichI111 speak tor thnlolvu.U 'Z, " lac!‘'>~v$11R1.,,_ ‘ .;.‘.. §_ \ma-Qatar-luau-:1 at Iunitionl.8'7/6/41.
V‘ g/ll)’/r':r7~’-:<\.<w'n*'»-. -mx .-~- _>‘V; 1», rm. T». .* 6.1. 1' .3‘7rm anqnu.811' 110:. Btuart,ea anmi-1! ot'Ar lung t,418 00111:: 81:1-cot,Dcar 811',CRUISER TABS - HIILHIOI & {DIES4 ___:r':*__:* __ 'V_ :'——:_ _v___ -_ _
_ — _ __ii5?2hunk yum for yournnclnaing oopy or lottor 1-0:011Ir. hat. nal?»Ihnvipcuolla lots eapyotthia aorrupollquouéguthe Orhnncu Prutnsan ziroctorato tor theira on.Inthonmtinnldonattccl tluttlnhlnkproposition has
dnvolopcd Infrlnuatty to detaining themnborofhnkapcrtuk. P n,@hh1nProduction Directorate an gzlvc into:-nation.IOIII faithfully,(Director-Guaanl at Iantttonnl
1 K‘ /;(/5/I'MCOMMONWEALTH OF Aus'n=¥AL1A H.,..,...,.,,.‘,~*°°".”°"“"‘""°'» Ml TRY qr MUN ‘rousi '»’ 4 ‘I _: _m_"umc Aw-an T/M !RD __ An M absmauw K‘ “R- . » 1" » ' v .\. ARBAMAN Mnlulml 2 9 1‘ ‘\_ , '\ALL
COMMUNICATIONS V .. {xi V‘, ii Hr 4|?! Cglins Silt?’ “ 5:51;: ::;.?;:=::.=’ W,\i\ \ = ~ z § . _ it M.1,,.§.. <;;%.- 1 my ow N , A , K ,. -" ‘* ‘ _=‘!.w) _ ’ ( s» gr 25thl;June, 19%.” 5,K \ /F’. i U 2/, M, F 1 ~ H,,._~ ‘-,.-.QtYQMinistry of
Munitions, ,¢»"#b _ ,,~/’ ‘ ~_;\_=_Q \Y;;,§‘83 William Street, _ _| ‘~36 _*_»q‘ :' ‘ J“ gmsnsoumm. 0.1. go J 3; w \ U \.,*'}_~)Dear Sir kg“; WE’) bf‘ 2/ Q’ *1‘’ CRUISER mums - s IN ....i.U__= V j »\} F}a \. ‘ 41 I 13. Ii ' 1
"Y, ‘L/‘J’! ‘ I M KAY; bY\L4\ ‘ J U‘! ' = (A k‘ r 1‘ ‘ (Y ; at~‘~’ The Director-General of Mnnit 'ns,_‘“ ’ N‘ \ " Q ~‘\ -6‘ . .7/I forward herewith copy of a letter 1-Qxived k this Board from Mr. C. Ruwolt. -~ Q Y it I 3.We regard Mr.
Ruwolt's remarks in conn$'fl.:$[)with\‘ R‘the intended programme of ten Tanks a week as ve oitant /j ._,_and in the circumstances would be glad of guidance as _,t_ ' P,» 4k,whether we should act now on a basis of ten
Tanks perqieek J" ‘g ‘being produced in Victoria. ‘ {,5 i1 ~\The number to be produced each week will, _ $0 e,“ '\‘ \regulate the extent to which extensions of premises sh }nQ\ -se2,3be approved, and also the extent to
which equipment sh >_now be provided. An order is about to be placed with es ' - 1Charles Ruwolt Pty. Ltd. for Castings. That rim has beenmade the Major Co-ordlnating Contractor for Castings in thisState and will sub-
contract certain of that work to the Steel‘Company of Australia. Both firms are anxious to extend theirpranises and to install equipnent to the degree required tocarry out the work, and we would appreciate the favour ofyour
early advice as to the production rate per week which isto be observed at this stage. This assistance would enableus to form a judgnent as to the nature of the extensions andadditional facilities to ‘be considered
immediately.Yours it 1 y,Chainnan, Board ofArea Management.
l , ~\ /< <1)COPYllCHARLES RUWOLT PTY. LTD.530-5514. Victoria Street,RICHMOND. E.1-CR'EG2mm June , 19l+1 .The Secretary,Board of Area Management,Ministry of Munitions ,I413 Collins Street,MELBOURNE.
0.1.Dear Sir,CRUISER T%_I§§Reference , . 568 _Referring to letter M.C. S368 marked "Secret" underdate 1l|.th Jrme signed b" Mr. J. B. Brigden and copy of whichgouldelivered to us, my comments regarding this letter
are as Io ows:—1 . CASTINGS:Although the above letter does not state thequantity of castings that should be produced,I understand it is suggested that -(a) Ruwolts provide Steel Foundry capacity capableof producing
about 60/80 tons of amour platecastings per week.(b) The Steel C0. of Australia Ltd. provide SteelFoundry capacity capable of producing abouth0/60 tons of amour plate castings er week,the exact proportion to be arranged
Ey Ruwoltswith the Steel Co.(c) That is to say, the combined output of bothplants is expected to be about 120 tons of castingper week, ‘being sufficient for 1 '1‘ per wee _.2. BUILDINGS & PLANT FOR ASSEMBLY:If it is
considered advisable to provide buildingsand plant to produce castings for ten Tanks perweek then it follows that it will also be necessaryto provide for BUILDINGS AND PLANT to assemblecomplete Tanks at the rate of ten
per week.(a) It is not difficult or unduly costly to erectsuitable buildings; also the buildings will orshould be an asset either to the Gommowealth and/orContractor.(b) It is much more difficult to obtain the requiredspecial plant
to either grind and/or machine thearmour plate castings, some of which are large andalso heavy.(c) It should be recognized that there is little - insome cases no - plant and machinery in Australiasuitable for finishing these
special castings.W
. I/v(d) Ruwolts possess a few machines for machiningcertain castings; but no grinders suitable andthat may be necessary for other castings.(e) It is extremely doubtful whether suitable machinescan be obtained overseas
therefore all this plantneeds to be designed and made by Ruwolts or someother concern capable of doing so.(f) If it is intended that sufficient plant be made tomachine and/or grind castings for ten Tanks perweek then it
must be realised that this will be5 tremendous undertaking and will need considerabletime for completion.nxmwr mom LETTER DATED 23/ugh WRITTEN BY am TO A.1=-.L_smcrxon, ommzmcn PRODUCTION
DIRECTORATE:(a) Building & Plant: I said it should be recognized thatcons era e e will be needed to erect the necessarybuildings and equip same with the necessary plant tobuild ten §10) Tanks per week.In the absence
of detail drawings and specificationsit is difficult to estimate the time needed, but Ibelieve that say twelve months will be a reasonableestimate and this period may be exceeded if any delayoccurs in obtaining special
equipment.(b) Staff: when the buildings and plant are available itthan becomes necessary to obtain and/or train additionalstaff capable of producing 10 Tanks per week. I lmowthis will be a difficult matter and will need
consid-erable time. It should be borne in mind that it is notpossible to quickly train men to produce Special SteelCastings and other components of this nature.(c) Probably some other Manufacturing Engineers will
expressmore optimistic views than I do. Experience teachesme that many people do not even trouble themselves tothink but are prepared to make a very optimistic guess.In fact a few even make statements and promises
whichthey know or should know cannot be fulfilled.(d) To provide buildings, plant and men to produce tenTanks per week will involve the Commonwealth inconsiderable expenditure and as it may be believed thatfull
production can be attained in a relatively shortperiod prompts me to express my opinion. Even if itis felt that I am unduly pessimistic in my views sanegood may result from the opinions I express herein.1.. PRESENT
OPINION:It will be observed from prargraph 3a what I at thattime said regarding buildings and plant and I am stillof that opinion, in fact I am now convinced that wewill need much more than twelve months to make orprovide
plant for machining the castigs in quantityapparently contemplated - that is to produce Tanks atthe rate of TEN PER WEEK.MODIFIED PRODU G1‘ ION : .If it is agreed that the opinions I express above aredeserving of
consideration then I suggest for yourconsideration the following modified production./(=1)
/0T ' Q’ ((> 1-(5) Ruwolts be authorized to extend their existing newStructural Engineering Shop in Doonside Street tosay SIX bays each about 50/60 feet wide, as per sketchJs My [plan attached hereto.¢!YJVJ (b) Three of
these bays will be needed for assembly of Tanksand a store for same; also assembly of trails for GunHowitzers and a store for same.(c) Three bays will be used for production of special stefor armour plate for Tanks (say
60/80 tons per week);- also ingots for A.P. Shot (quantity at present unknownbut we will provide ample capacity.)PROBA STS'Q <b>BLE CO .(a) The approximate cost of these buildings (that is six bays)should not exceed
£80,000. This estimate is forbuildings only and does not include any plant orfixtures of any kind.can be arranged.Ruwolts will agree to purchase the above buildings fromthe Commonwealth providing suitable terms and
conditions(c) Ruwolts cannot at present estimate the probable cost ofmelting units, heat treating furnace, drying stove, andsuch other plant as is needed for the production of thisspecial steel, but we will be in aposition to do
sowithin a week or ten days and if we are directed toproceed with the programme as indicated in this letterthen we will immediately prepare estimates for theprobable cost of the above plant.As regards the probable cost of
machine tools which willbe needed for finishing the castings it is reallyimpossible to estimate the probable cost of these untilfurther knowledge is available as to what type of andnumber of certain machine tools, cranes, and
othermachines, etc. will be required.CAPACITY STEEL MAKING:(a) If the suggestions I make are adopted then capacity willbe available for castings for say five Tanks per weekand ingots for A.P. Shot in such quantity as
will beneeded per week.(b) The plant needed for producing steel for either of theseprojects is similar because the steel itself is of asimilar nature. Therefore it will be more economical andefficient if the steel for each of these
projects isproduced in one building.(c) Ruwolts now need additional capacity to make ingots forA.P. Shot and that is one reason why I now direct atten—tion to the advantage of possessing buildings and plantin the nature
referred to above.CAPACITY ASSEMLY:The floor area provided in the proposed three baysreferred to above should be sufficient to assemble tenTanks per week, even if this production is ever reached
"' 4..\ A‘*9.10.ll.‘ 12.Enc. 1._ (IQINCREASED PRODUCTION.As none of us has much real experience and knowledge ofmaking steel for armour plate and properly heat treatingsame it may be considered that such capacity
(five Tanksper week) is sufficient for the time being, and whenfurther knowledge and experience is obtained regarding thebest method of making and heat treating armour plate steeland better knowledge is available relating
to machine toolsneeded to finish the castings, the matter of increasedproduction to reach ten Tanks per week may then be- considered.PRESENT PRODUCTION:Ruwolts existing Works and Plant is capable of producinga
limited amount of work in connection with and assemblyof Cruiser Tanks. By proceeding with this limitedproduction we and others gain valuable experience whilethe buildings and plant for the greater production
areproceeding.RE PARAGRAPH 8 OF LETTER M.C.S568:I assume that the cost of buildings and plant is or willbe included with "work done and the expenditure committedfor until that time."It is obvious that proper
provision would need to be madeto protect the Contractor in the event of stoppage ofwork being decided upon.For the purpose of enabling us to estimate probable costs andproperly plan a layout of proposed buildings and
plantI will be pleased if it is possible to come to an earlydecision regarding my suggestions.Yours faithfully,CHARLES RUWOLT PTY. LTD.(sen. ) arms. RUWOLT.Managing Director.
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ruounnndol nab-omtruhn.8- la distinct. hm IIIUL A5i;$L! an contractor to ho rwpnnhle tar uapply, casnhly and installation :-Iighttlag Bankiinew P1180:2Gum;-nmdnrtnraiatnotn.IahrimkuIaarcadvvu-P1u\olndI'1xh\'l'001\Au J},
 iI m. nlatcnnltnhaaallathnnnuopodduthtnugung. lhsupnauu ’/"lacuna-nrylaeh1a1:qaadnal\lLycfA2n¢n:-l'htoButupThvhhdtbahunlurkmsthlauau-
dnaurittzblnuprintl,Ltituhbolapplhlbyhqnrhntottholrqndappmuvdfurpnomctau71¢MLngION..080ot!.enc£t.bOIhnaP:'0etlmro¢hnInh.120011:£[3Ttnuerkisuabjoot tblnspochwnn-nlctlunittan.Pncnttmlforthu oft-bun-kual‘u:$1.mof\-
!aCN.n£l mmBeautici-In ldittantothunl Ir:-ngnuntaatmd.11ht-0 iaopoc-an of onlpnqtannnpprdvdkstinggrnndtstohuwwlldhythnemtrwtevfnrthanmouttholmpooiurniilo£5n1t.1an|,vhna1napuct|agtbo9a~at.tonat’tho'n1¢1o¢rmuewu-
n.a-»m:um-u»mpp1;¢=un.»12.=u<m¢z- 'zEs£225xii%2Fé8E;Ann and Anunilint»: IquipaaiGamma]. Moron and lqutpuatFchoapau, ‘tduoapnn, ow.Sipnlling aqutpqttook, syn:-an and Aceusos-
hehrpnuanpl~J'.IAR'1II‘mnuhrdhhmuhnnn‘ I
(I,9 vi=‘Q\‘T.1=;\2Ie/AV \,- vi,.:2 ass/Ml” I-)0»,/J’ lb?um Iey, nu,leneter P. A. Ieride,linieter for lunitiane,BEEN; 4~ c~T~Deer Senator I428:-ide,I have received e letter at 148? Inedareeeecl to you by the ltnieter tor the Any Ir.
Bpnder)cmleeing eopgret a eaxnieetiaa reeeived 3 him tronDr. 8. J. C. edtield eeneez-ling the tern on at e nee¢ol§eny for the pm-pone at akin; eolplez and alley steels,ad I also have e copy er your uknoeledpnt at
{betee—t:|.cetLen, upon Inich it is aete that you would liketo have my aunts.he letter Iran Dre Bndeld 1e beeed onthe eeautaetnre of tenke and I tee]. that Ir. nder inan in e peeitieu to tereerd e suitable reply to Db h-
edellmggeetioae. ,I have some alight knowledge et the prepositiondeveloped by the nee Oaupeny, Queensland eetrie lteell. Ltd.to eetehlieh e eteel foundry tor the purpose of ntingcomplex ad alloy steels but in vie: of the
teak petition _esn0IkI\0_Id0n0tthiBkIe eheuldeekthieeapenyhemdertebe the manufacture 02 tanks at preent until thetank pelition 1e eoneehet eleven.light I suggest that Ir. lpeuier mould replyto Dr. Bredrield wnemet in mu
tern.the tile or pepera in connection um thisutter in etteehed hereto.Ion:-e sincerely, ’(Director-General u laaitionl) .
f."F-0- ‘ --§LA|l" @ -Uarorhnnolz la nova-11 rupoota noquto apatite an to Ihnl required. It Ill I117lutattlutthothlnlnhootingtrtnhnonholdionpprnho tho vulva to:-In at out plats. 80vonl. Ishown up nttahntorlly, In it ha yet to in
1001.404vault or hwtbor analysts ml uporbnil lm 01101but an on mun so nah.Bun Io:-k in bola; carried at U7 lama R111Pty. Ltd. um Qxonwnlth Stool. 00. Ltd” at I mu: itnoun be alvinblo for than £01000“ ocplnlol to M»
In01000 tomb with Ir. 0. I. lllbup, tho nuicunrginl 088001101to this Dlrnctornh, and 11:0 than‘: MI I19: Ir. L. II-atand Er. D. Clark or Brenna B111 Ply. Lil. all 0c_uIIul.lb B00100‘ LM., negatively.mun expanding and on-oath; the
capacity noor has £1:-an, a-01; chm-100 Imus“, but 01::-mg roulvzd anurdnrtegottovarkianaklngnpencutol ndiurrmuting: for 1 prototype ink.5%???gggigr“E;=i§@ -is_=51%; 35$?E5!‘ §§'i'Pi iééA‘? E;£255;5:3gir-2%to dip:at
thatholy I006I111 all 8' qlntttyth101st\=01'uh70\toIablI'Pnnp-:nnt;, and pu has azéuuzusmun tho “no L1 nun pains Q nllqu;qnntlty of 0 ‘innit!-I an akin; liars. woodman, halo; and Ionato and rurthnrlonaln to youglvlngnoro detail
than thisguard lower oontauu.I-aloolcndtlgnlopyotthln to:-tollsDu-actor at Flam», Ir. B.V. Ital, no that Ghostly outproposition 1| tlnnllcod and IOOI tonal he I111 to propuidfor the ham at the guard 0810081".Yours
talihmlly,'6‘uL. J. MRTIIH,Dlrootor or Grim» lrclnnthu.0.0. lr. Rn kilo ~/IhlLd1H=LHr. IoodtulIr. luau;Ir. lulu.
 copy for Mr. Essington Lewis; /V’ _~ -_ ‘ I/J"/_/ \\ -o\ v~ »\T ,§.\%l f/I//5 {Z{~§§' ~§_$\ - l' ‘ § -_7@\\_all/'9 ‘A/4'5th Ju1;e1.941aan Alexander aura:-t,Ghalmaa,Ei9»=5qagqant,E lgualtlaua,C .Daar 81r Alaxdar,F‘1%;E
85?.=§EAl nu laAnatralla la ml moving up in 181,and tho Arm; la particularlyquail; an poaalbla.: g;&.§§,§ggiziz'5 K55%;;if“???iii’ii,l ,'7 ‘@130for man raaaolu an ataal milkIould land ltsalt to ta goalDalllaila qnalltlanunutaatara
in mutualdrive axle). Actuallyalas-123.04 auplataly.Konavar, boom.“ at tho graat BPQORCI mlnaad, it appaara advlaabla to got noun; an tho anon: plat!autlngphaaa at thawark, aavhiahwa aannaka pmgraaa. Itho:-atora aak
that {sinus to an-ngananta lnadlalaly withu 1'1:-Ia in ban aalaatad tar ant-lug u anal amouraonatlhnlng tho hull and tn-rat.Spaaltla ampcalaa, I undo:-stand, havi hallmutually apaaduponigyaurloamuallta ottlaara aadthlaD1:-
aatarata, nan, with anlatnaa aauld mbrtab tbs Ink;may an Charla: Runlt N1. 591., and tha Stool 007. at Aunt.Pt’. IMOIt la aatinatad that tho ttnanalal invali-naatndetltnantatohanadatorthaaztanalonotthastool O01. at Auatralla
la la tho aalghbourhaaé at £10,000-Uptothatlnaatarlttngwahavanatraaa aarlnlbaprapoaal tram Iaura. Qarlaa lluvalt.in aarrlad 51 the 6a_nIaaJ.: er U1or jointly la vary it lath in yearaaah partlaalar aqpaay.ma all-Imprint jab la
to pat than fl:-nanovtngaa thatmayaaaarrangatarilaaaaiaaalaaot haltta, obtain an:-a aaalpanl, mi tall tab atapa toE§%§:.il/2?; avallabla tho naaaaaary pralnatvrtaoliltlaa aal aapaaliy.F‘%
'\\r Mn. 11-ssington LewisV‘/v ‘LO’ -/11 53 KL c/»AJ“* Q‘ '§_\~1?§\ ‘é.10/ua/nu Q W, M»/_,. - § RE?» K“9;,\., I/\' V-/“' / ' ,5 .7/ fl“ '-' *, -Y ._;'. '1 * -4-;_.;:~M.-;=:~~,c*:n‘U §_.»..~-:1-.-.r»'} '..;.1. "-10.1 P J.“~*';L; .»-_ ~'; ..%.m-
<.:- njf; €=.‘.':" -1":‘.15 ea.‘ -'1; " av "‘ i.».i»». {‘."l|'¢<‘ "..£s.£'u_ :',u.L.-.-rfu. i:':ir;\ .~d;a 3 24;!1 " --»:: .- :'"n':£.' - ‘“ 1-" iwm .;v'..". ";:=:= I. 1.s1"!a‘; aunrmv' ‘.i;..\- ' ml’ ,.3=:'»*l‘. -:. “C "P-'5 * :1 *1 'xx" ._Y§I‘T.C\;'L'.~* 1*.-a»:10$"
.x-1<~»=.-\W -' ;;.-.1 -. ~ 4; -.1! \{L-.,..-~I . ‘_a*:-:2»r.:.i: wxw Bun .-~.j..\;.£»n.;a‘ , " =. - n: -. .. ‘L t"."j=': -"Ii ;3..~;‘. gun:-Z8 ..L.D . 7 -.‘ gizldgrgt vb ;iun!.k!*“ 7 " '. ". "‘ : "’ ”" '1i411.- '.".€'v Yd ‘U1; '. " .:.. 5 ‘ pf. -;-rv 1, £:"f‘ _.¢. :1
L‘i|‘:l I . _ , .1.= .ci in f ‘ Iv-;~»wrc:;r;c,;i .111}:1, .' "‘ ' ~ ' " z- .L ) .15.} aim. w .5 "O" =id 4'1‘ LIB -(fJ‘ 8.~ .E ml :1 A 1m I 0,u°m‘ . - I >J- iv-9‘ . I _.l7.("» :1 ‘ . O J ..S.I, 'It:6 < ._ - WY - ,<; r .‘~‘, ,\_ , _ , _ ‘ . M1,!‘ \ L. 1'1,-'?""..'
r‘ .'»*‘ ‘-' '~"‘ .:- ~.~.;e-. _‘ : ¢ A U :~ "0 »;: 1 r»~: '~ ~¢=¢- A‘ ,-1.1.=';;.- ml‘ _‘ >:..,1‘ ‘.2. - nu‘. |. - "rm; ';=;.*o_“c":;, '= ‘t..»1\f'.e3t:T:3 ' .»' ~ _"_= = ri'P Y ». ve".?.‘ ."'“' ":.:.-2;.‘ * .’.".':s... W" 1; ~':‘. -‘um‘ Ls yo‘: zlmor ‘Em
Australia, is non moving up into a po§1r.:lo'i1' bf‘. 5 “pr gift!) A n A=h~s§;g,1.* m.=-41> wk» -= quickly u _Pb’; ’\ . ' . “ Z 1:;.r" ,*-_'i5 .1. 2-sq: ~11-<.‘ 1~;11:.: win? 22031-'~ or‘ Q.J.d¢\l1u ‘vi ' F» ' L? :1 *j;gr't"‘. 1' in-4»-.'1>.'f
an: .L;.:. I :1‘ .‘ ‘Ht’!M kA , \ . a .itself to caS‘1Z3.'t£5‘%1d ‘t ' fgnt ‘ a ’ " 5 Qg,’\ =,§:2dcor\§§=,.z-L§§§ui;ng?qd;1_‘<;n§1v rg; n1§: 3; P!'O§urable. ‘mm" ~-H . ’ "" 'A'* . . -4 _,_'1. . %l» . *5_ ,1\. ‘ “r *~" J. cm
‘_>ex'.c»i_.c;';~::: r-;s~Y.‘x‘L'1A¢tua‘J;'1'F’£é1f“£‘Be’ §>¥3bIéis' n§‘§’ Wt! §-“a‘i:‘ ‘°bgep _ £1 ed nco:_w,;g,l_;gte , . ‘:19, ily contact lth our1‘9P1’°l Fiiiffiikw. t ' 5“;-5 »=d,4:5a..§9;"kd,q;,o@.it,.‘ at~*"*==*= *~"=>1*"@*1v-“ * “
5 1 _ , ‘ 1 v_ , __9_,v<:x' bwnso of the great urgency andnear, it .1 eariael. ‘,7-i»h.1e?@§jg;;{,'nbvLi5 kn um so ;:;@..|pr .\ ?'~,>#=1=h~ '?»’¥*'%:1‘*!=z?1‘*-9§$*:s1=*;--»-£41; ; "“”.’?'?;*f.-?Z¢,; =.1.;.;fi’.;I =13 1- r 3&1?
?;i'i§ii°‘ ‘b€i"é‘<§sE& "£“" "“‘?."lenta imzsarilately with the firgeg have been galscced r§r‘§§§§§§;the steal armour constituting the hull and turret.Sgyecific coa~a;;m;r>i~*5~ we t.§~-.o:.e, ~.2m.:1 Iunduauglimxijbqm $5:-0?
:9:-n by 93:3:-ugsarcl and glf offie-nrsand t‘ s rec _ ‘ ‘ aw s ,&n::n ecu ortakc t 0 work;they an B:-u<1ro:$P§:§l:1?'L§U¢§ mew mm, m~.uu@_m» (mm-¢1_1=) x.=¢.,and Industrial Stools Pty. Lad. *1: 1: eacmwzakk
m¢u~o.a@:mu¢§»*.m-wanna auraci£§gg::1taants to be mag: for thia extension 1;.-lmng1I:1a‘Jhi15'!zIgu.~);¢¢q0 000 mother t n oxponditura 1| can o4i>l|y.~hhc-‘boaionvulthor by J1. 83“-M mentinld, or jointly, is vary
nmoM:nslc.t ycurhands to work nut with uach particular sampaq. ~ .':'.;J ’ A H N ; inpnrtaat job 1» to get those 1'11-In'adv!.nt’&o t.hi1"th5§ bixrl tor the oxsunaion or their plants, ebtainQxtra nu!.pn0nt, and generally tako
steps to have available the nncnsu-yproduction racilitiaa and capacity. n ( F
'9‘ Q» Unfortunately, tn anal rayon: II auntbu tit! s cc ~ t who. 1. at ed. 4 A I‘! 1’‘ ‘» , L-4 ‘ ._~V -- ‘> ’ .' " _ ‘ - '1"?!-_ ;". ’I I I.. _ ‘ _8.‘ 91' 1 V' 9 0 Yxz‘ .-. . \ V: -. ' :.- L ‘ "; It "' ‘ _ ""‘ .\" "5_T‘ T ~ ,Y ; _~ ~' ‘ .. : 9 ; .. vi!" '-s "'7?
.f _ ~ @ »|- u‘) ~ 1; ;‘- Ixy , -. .; ,- 1,: ,_“,9 3 :_-,1, 33; J. u ng ' . . no ~ o. ul ;ms:-"i .¢-;<.-‘.~a'xua<;1z, ans uom >$- '; -= 5 _;V- L,” ‘Q -L (- " "".;:;==;;'*:: ‘ =1: 'i'.$'!\i.'-1;: Y‘: 4. .:: .4 -: - I '1' 1~o r.* new '. 0'14rms Inziosud, uh:
I111 be -. -I - . \ » M ~"» "- 'r='1é » . ,. ‘J . - '9 “Y_Pf1!n;m.' 5;." ‘ .; » ' <- ' a "9 ‘ .- - 9_ ~ .; ' ‘_ ‘ ' ..,: I, "At! 13 " '. . . , ;‘ 9 '1‘ P Pug‘.1:‘. '> _- . ' .| ---1". '* »- 1 ' '~ '2’ ".-; 1 ‘ L» 1: . .< 1 ~ . ~ ;3'79: .‘/1.. ;l.‘.,(_‘\;. 5 ' _t$ ‘ ;._-- - -- "
1.‘, ..'.':~" =-7}, 5 V‘ "mp -;L'r.-; *>:;; .‘.l.z' *2‘; ' 0:; “ . "', _-kg 1 1 \ ."‘c1w!v»‘-if = _ '~ * w.E.\~‘..‘-'2 . ~14;.:~’ "'.‘~;: ~_ 2 i .‘ “ i'::~~- .1 ' . ~. ‘-. , ' . - - .q . .' ‘ ' ' . I .. ,_1: ' . -.2: .1’. 1:1.-» ':- 3'-:1 <1 .;'r,~ 2 - ._ 1'ii! ..‘,\'., ‘-."'..-.i._
'10 m _" - 1:-; 9 .1 X 11,‘Z1-»~/'-"1‘ 911-‘ _*>i.“<.'l;=’.' I -_ ‘ ILAJ ' = H - ' "'r.‘, > -\'~"" ‘,9/.~ ' * ’ ‘ 4. _,4,/L161 "‘15>/1‘if.aiwsJ nodgnlaaizl a I J ‘II % ‘s’ J . " ' 5) xv 3x’ '\\ I I Q . g\\\-3* ‘ I ‘ M NV‘ BI!\£‘U\@...am,’ 5‘ ,. |\q 9 - o
zaraqr. Icusealyhntlallrdqthat the third shooting trials warn Add w new ud appailu uvarious to:-as or can plate. lava-01 0 vkrtcustnl Sound upsatisfactorily, but it unt to bl “J41, an the romlt of firth"analysis and cape:-Luann, ch
allay 1: u about om on II16h N 'r I.. . This work 1| bola: can-10¢ Qt h Itch:nu r1!f.*L¥&‘£.“-Wu Gnunuunalth awn eo. mm, ma r um 1: nusto advtnbla tor are salute! = 4, ,, 3~ -V _~ ‘ _':;;.“;~,.:m; :':t.'::-**:." ~¢ .< *»»~,~».»'
VPty. mm, and Gonmnwoalzh 5z=~1 uh Ltd" r " '43f;_-4I.u..LQ_.X_iwainv expanding and orutrz u sand”,as of “no Arms, pz-ghablytrurltord Kllé Md" zeal 311: to In-kinking up one av we ms a 0 casting; an Inatogcthcr a
gratotyn tank she Mails at thin mar Pry ‘%r ‘mag!’ mama: saris in will be ma.# Q um c fzl L-.01} a owl qu 31 lvom Icn cl ‘:l.Ls13auA=» ml“ ~~ w 1 9%%WbWW%*%€ bl. 1um 0 to 6 gut this tank programs finally, thm I
£00111.4 mu -111 u _,_,_ can casting will he arrocwroly"f? ‘W w .:.=.:;' r >5. .. u,‘ _ ;1g4,.;~;9,1 .4-. as oi M9231nu-T56\‘In.,3 6,.4‘I9'4 5''1' °*5"%*?£ "m‘!h!\!'1J9&} :5“;‘I50 I 1'1 3'n.>JK"I\$ ‘(Ila ‘ tum‘ w -an mm 3%{moral lettor
annulus.-.4m ('mu3'L|. * M =*"§“"%§w@§+@»§ x"prapnalzlaa 1| rizmlinoi and gou t i: as‘$3,’; 9-fut?’ 1o19':onI Igain J c‘ ~93, .58‘. nmd av 11 odw 3311'! 911.1 d.?.tv QIs3_»2 '~ :1 -339!an .;\.¢ Mm: mi: \,nMn-ianoo xuonu
1924:: ad:__ rv _ rlqaqd7LL$'i-4 “ nag v 11-\r ,.m~,;., ‘....m:-.. xx d .11 mhdeqnbiwM r o rm. .c U v 1 p. .2 Mn. elm .415. ( V» x r -»., ‘ J4 '2. ‘no ‘u#o8 ?§'~§‘ ‘ba18 on \,=u-H.-. Y *1 1063 L*I't‘auf:aI “:1Jr. .-Halli I1‘. ¥ll1Il‘\Ol
IIISI4 \/2 .s..iJan RI 31burr‘ <£fg¢laVq"I1l0n~1. main» F5 J 3‘ 101 SL101‘: =~ 0* aJusam.H .2011 ans1 --e ~lto.\W0ld\vqId-=v. aw a1 2-<w:.'1bm,n am -mnasdn 00¢.,06I.3 10z It lrnlqv 1 vr I 1;; clot, -Io ,baaol.m'>~ nmouos -
rd: yd -reHr Bovis. vp» m .“ue1:1aq 1"-we 1"’ Jar mm 0: zbmxill‘!III * '1 . 1 L u..:r-'0 at 9~ ~74 :2 ,. ‘§§§'"§; em-m,'mm-m- m . ,-. a w an 0‘ rqo-*2 a ‘{L,{+15‘a mu ‘gamqgg ; 13;,act spa Mu ae.l:1.(1>a'! uuhouhoiq" L:-»- _ __ _‘
__ .__ _ 7 =1.(-E»A~ l-_:-FL=1I1|1r‘.1 ‘L.II.\IwF;'$
,2. -- TE!-EP"°NE;‘ CABLES AND TELEGRAMS = 4 MunlhqicllésaJ 5321 LINES "RUWOLT" MELBOURNE . :~'n.sv's. -‘ . . - H -~ M "‘“70/\OUR REFERENCEYOUR REFERENC_-'u,’.. 2/m‘IOM—A.l' —5/noCHARLES
RUWOLT PROPRIETARY v“ 1P.H, Mu asc|s'r2a:o ossrcz / 5/ ‘> 25.F-FE-i ‘T. _I ‘~“53U;554"7'1c'r0R1A STREET, Rloumoun, 12.1 //Y 9/ /_ N ' " V VICTORIA, AUSTRALIAf" z."'§'."5-"""F-’/-?'L zara Am-11. 1941. . _ ‘|E -
...,.__\_______J1“L?_?:'-)\ \‘~\ )._ JThe Director-General oi’ Iunitions,l1VIS‘1'R! 01" llUlTI'I'IONS,85 Iilliem Street,MEIBCDRIII: 0.1Dear Sir,CRUISER TANKSI an writing s. letter to the Director of OrdnanceProduction relating
to an interview that llr. F. J’. Ioodward had withme yesterday, 22nd April.It some to ne that the discussion that I had withIr. Woodward is or such an important nature that you should he awareof what I said; accordingly, I em
herewith enclosing copy of my letterto the Director oi’ Ordnance Production.I hope I am not doing wrong in forwarding you thecopy of letter I an enclosing. I an merely trying to do what I believeto he right and proper, and so
that you will know what I have said andreoomended.Yours faithfully,CHARLES RUWOLT PTY. LTD.// .I, /“I” all /@;:;¢/Ilenaang DirectorInc. l
van» an>..-'@/ = . ~ 1/I _ '.."\\3 """'3J ‘"15. \ //I 40/ 2‘ 4'/4’ /5'~ __ _ .._-#""ix\¢GIPSG8&1 AIM, INL-Thu Du-nsor at Omani» huiuvitan,uxuum or uwlnow,85 hilly: strut,boar sir,E.*1@_1&.IiIrotornounut Ir. I. J‘.
¥aoawur¢,0cnn1Knnnut, :.J.V. ;s0e$.\nn, 0:63:00 ate, nu with U yin!-@411that mp:-11.Ioaat1nwhn1thsnnM£oH1'.wooa\vnrd,Ih1cht00uuihnt-~ vthnt Ghatlll knelt Hy. Lu. mu be~ ' 0 major 00-wnatiag ecntrutau tow Ytctowhe.
in =1 may u conrm an-nu; up apauauhave vurbuny owrouod to In-. ‘éoodvu-Q.u£011III:-llé'?~'5 1'-‘2. z X um it about be noogaisod thatconsumable tun will be M0404 to u-at tan unwaryM11413: cal equip can with sh noun;-
7 plat toM14 -In no ‘baa: of nun drains! and nplclutiona itin éittieult to onlnnn tin than mocha, but. I believe1-hm. my halve India I111 be 0 rouomhlo cctinto andthis pariodaabooaocloditunqaolnyoooun inchaining 0900111
oquignmh3. sag‘: 1-Ina tin hull-“I31than booms: mcuury tosurf capable of yncnolngthin 1111. bu u lltuul Intln. It should in hornM quickly tam an an mommaother Oii at um aura.wsiiiéaégiF§é¥=e252.1%ammo itn additionalI
lmwoulddlblcmt. pouibhcacti‘: ud\1
_ ‘ian 1.9 all;;;§-15% 7 I‘ " ‘ -.. |Immmn_ 51.amA-..L!~49cqlntnnltzaon 02 10":2"?sggsag*"'i%5 '5 :$3:$52»?agiigéwas;§55‘§§E *‘$92§i§§'%?i;=r=s.iliuntalhrhg I-mantra :1lI9Ol'1IilO10 thcnol‘Io pronto huullgn. phat uni , 0 10
‘runpor not -an unlm an opnnnulu oouunnbuupunuro an an is my be hollow! an mu woannslmIll In utainnl in 1 1.» dun panel pol»: Qwuprnnlaopiai 1f1%$ltc1\tlul1lvainly polltnlltlo noun poi my unit uuh opinion I up n.‘thnrcfwo,
X upin mantelbuild u u in putt:nvd ho or than11 noon Mn§§§sYiii?2"=55W one uncut Innunoly ounoaooonthunrkin int-orhnng with the prqrou of Gun Iluvitlnrnma other nmtucn lurk that Io lave in nun Mount I-haInk mvolnd on
Tush 1| mainly 3&3]. Castings.It what 1 suggest la mogul at but none bintttl I111nlult an tonal -Your Baxgnug Shh’ I111 no in 0100 so-ordination withoursattugnpdanthlonlk. Itlanlnnoonnnthat Mttlualttu will who which can
thou he 2001111wanna.Both the Dulgntu $01!! we our mutt willvnluhu hnlolp and cxportcau and willwtnlnothnrlunn ooeuionnluc. 'EEEB5%?§§§:3;55%‘iiisi.§,-n man utoautdOunnuulth n tho
‘iI54__\ I~1-IQ Dggggor of -3rdn_gr__\_gq rgueggg Q4} ».§r1§_,. 1941.,1 /Q 1It in ulw poasiblo, Ln taut pwobnblo, that Q10nape:-iomo thug gland any nudity Nu vtou now holdIn rclnxon $0 mu hulking! and special
oquimmt,ma 11:0 modify Na this hold rolnws to prapoaodvastly production-‘-.o mm unit your commits an than uuggutionl.Your: faithfully, :iU' "LT PW. LTDow? / r.\ana.gln5 Blroctar@
1' A” ' ,12%! >"{ VA )4’)27th February, 1941.Chan. Ruwolt Esq.,Hessrs. Chas. Ruwolt Pty. Ltd.,530-554 Victoria Street, - E-1-Dnar Ir. Huwolt, -It III vary kind of you to and along to noa copy of tha letter which you addressed
to Ir. Hartotton 27th February, following on your interview withHr. Ioodward of the Ordnance Production Directorate andI have noted your remark: with interest.I do trust that you are vary wall.with kindest regards,Yours
sincerely,
TE|.EPHONE- CABLES AND TELEGRAM5: CODES:J 5321 - IO LINES “RUWOLT" MELBOURNE BENTLEY‘s. A.B.C. 5TH ED' Bnoom-u|.1.‘sK .. " CHARLES RUWOLT PROPRIETARY LIMITED-‘ REGISTERED OFFICE;
I» 530554 VICTORIA STREET, RICHMOND, 12.1VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA ; ,OUR REFERENCEm.EG L Qvoun azrsnsncs g (x 27th February» 19410M "H I QC,‘The Director-General of Munitions,MINISTRY OF
MUNITIONS,85 William Street,MELBOURNE (1.1 PersonalDear Mr. Lewis,Mr. Woodward oi‘ the Ordnance Production Directoratehas had several interviews with me regarding Armoured Tanks.Yesterday Mr. Woodward
asked me to state in writingwhat my views on this matter were and also asked me what firm Iconsidered was most suitable in New South Wales.Mr. Woodward was rather nebulous on many importantmatters and acting on
his suggestion I am writing to llr. Hartnettas per copy of letter which I am enclosing herewith.Seeing that this is such an important matter and alsothat I feel it is necessary for you to lmow the facts is the reasonthat I an
addressing you personally.. ‘Trusting you are well, ,// ""' ‘Yours sincerely, &'M Qt,/.>1OM—A.P. ~u/no— -
CR'D3. 6] L92/2'R.h February, 1941.ur. ;. J. Enttnett,Qireotor of Ordnance Production,Iininuw or Aiunitiono,83 Killian street,IELDOUZEIIE 0.1Deer sir,..;>H-.i0L72ZD =1Referring to the that Er -,-oodverd at the/Ordnance
Production ireotoroze .\ - A-ism "fritor'a'o our 'JX‘1’1o0 yeeterdqyone 269.11 inst“, I oontim that Z a ed Far. ‘aooduerd in effect. astollowe :-‘rie be vary interested or imb-Contractors beoaune1 ioiy -,o?ern nuking one major
outing; tor shells shoulde responsible for aoocably.1 belicvo my orgnniation ia better titted for this clueor work than any other ooncem in Victorio-Our ...»teel Foundry baa during the put. yeere euoeeumllynode very hen‘! end
intrionte eteel outinzl (many inspecial alloy obeel) up $0 about 15 hone weight of esingle outing.Our Reel Foundry in I011 equipped for this olaee of won:and will elmoet imlediotely hue opeoe available noomneme on this
work.our Futtenmeking Department can start on patterns, etc.when imtructioua to do so are given.- _ QI: will probably be necessary no erect additional heat.treating otoveo; but until we have full opeoitioetionsor ooeel
needed we cannot properly estimate our requiremenin thin direction.tn
I 8. Our ‘steel 1'oundry Technical Stet!’ have inepected the Q8-QLL>m2wL -IIwooden model of the tank and they adviee me that althoughsome difficulties mat be overcame they are eantidantthat we can lake the castings -
in tact they believeit in possible to nab the eidel in one piece; thinhowever depmde to some extent on the epeeicationator the steel.9. Idomt.knawb.eenanytenksIl.L1beoa11edtbrpermonth; theatore I cannot new any whet
extensions(it any) will be needed for our -"Mel nary andI-‘lent.10. The now t'tructureJ. Engineering Build which Ie ereerecting in Dooneide street, will be completedvery shortly; The oor eree 01' thi building inabout 130,000
square feet (with nple epene for eztmeiou)of which I0 can mebe ciem. epaee available fer theaaaunbly or tanks. b bl; there is no more luitehlebuilding for thi i’ work in Australia - certainly_ v 1 X:nnt in ictor e.11. Thane ie no
doubt Teehnioel surr is superior to thatpoaeeeed by any other concern in Victoria to eetietaetorily »= and complete emgineering work or this namre;~ - . I believe we are better equipped than any other n Victoria w undertake
the duties at mo:~ V--¢--mung Conn-actor tor the Temm which are to behe t in Victoria.H. I alao adviaed I-Zr. T-oodwu-A that Neeere. Juuetralian Irona= Steel Lkd. will be the beet. aonoern available in Newdoubt: ‘1’e1ee to
undcteke thin eleu of work. Hy reeeontor making thin atebqnent. in that whet I any in peregreph2 above applies to then end in other reepeete um concernmey be superior to ue.I await ad inow your v ce,You-e i‘eithfu11y, /
my xrrn.u1'-anuging Director
J3;145nmucsunzoraxs. ‘ / ifmm.»-_-1: H ~;:H, ~.¢ =J~~@1=..~¢m‘hunk you formung’ an of to anlyti.Iith I project and lootingO1. I quite qr» at 9-mach e £1:-msnational in your 1-cranial 01‘ obtaining tau:reaction.-2iégéiE;
gig2?hi§2. !1.an|aruua11ab101nknlu-nliatorltcncloatriemane» and they my be Iuthblo for u gab. _-B. As to the uuuunsy or good scrap prohablythe l.H.P. Conpnay cunld advise you on thin point.D11-ncto1-Imonl or
maidens.20/2/41._/,
‘ r ' _ INU A =, .‘ 4905. I M _ /\"':/y(This \u\SUBJECT: 1,;/@ / ‘Ow _ I» \:v/A/'MINISTRY OF UNITIONS, ,MO/LJH/NG ' D‘ii/ 4-‘ ‘%, I ' _i,/’. - Q. 8th February 1941. , ./ r ' . Eh. \JMEMORANDUM TO :§%/ *y/ MP. SS¥&GTON
LEWIS,QTFhCTQP¢GENERgL Q§;jmNTITIOy§;_WAn analysis has now been made of the steelcastings reouired with which to manufacture the new AustralianCruiser Tank.The requirements appear to be as follows :-
§g_Tg§ - 1? tons finished: 16 tons as pouredFor an assured rate of nroduction of Tanksat the rate of 17 per week we would require:-5?O Tons as poured per week minimum.400 Tons oer week safe.450 Tons objective .. .It
appears thet this steel con only be oouredsatisfactorily from an omen hearth or electric furnace. A fairlycomnlete survey of the firms doini steel castinr, or are notentialcontractors who could t:ke on this work was made.The
first encuiry we intend to mvke is whetherbroken Hill Proprietary at Newcastle would extend their foundry toteke on any ouantity of the reouirements.If it were indiceted that Broken Hill Proprietaryalready nn a very full
programme, we would T€COm@gnQ that thefollowing firms were ewuroached with H view to extending theirfacilities :— 'Messrs. Chet. Fuvolt Pty. Lt. EEO Victoria St. Richmond. Vic" Hodfields (Australia) Lt". Mitchel Po ".
Alexander,N.€.Y." Steel Co. of Auctr'li" Ptv. Lto., Frith Street.Brunrick. Vic." Br iori Kendall Ltf. 540 Botany TorF. Alexendsr.NSW." Tho~*son's Eineerinf % Piwe Co. Lt., Nelson Place.Yilliemstown. Vic.‘Jand either:—
TMessri. John ahaner dons Pty. Lt”. Kilkenny. S.A.or Messrs. Meson & Cox Lt. 44 Hollen Street, Southwerk. S.A.Although we would like to have three sources,one in New South melee, one in Victoria and one in South
Austrilie, wewirh to avoid dividing cestings for inter-related nerts, so as toenable the show nrectice nrevailirg by any one contractor to be used,thus allowing the warts to mate uo satisfactorily and avoid £Chiningto the
neximuw.Fortunrtely the breakdown in comnonents atoearsto lend it elf to this course beinq followed.l \
Apart fro» this basis of touquje on cestinfor the null, there is elo about 50 tons oer week rennire ofsmall steel castines fhich we would endeavour to hwve other firms,nov enqwged in steel casti,gs undertake.(‘T1/1By officers
of this Directorate visitingsever l oi theee ;;. end discussing their ccpecity, inicetionsat the present tir ‘e that by additional shifts and some smallextensions Hadfiel Australia) Ltd., could take on about 9O tonsyer week, an Uh:
. Ru olt Pty. Lt., about 30 tons oer week.:1 Imam ~I/7 ‘.1m 3,\u mI would be please to receive your generalguidance an direction on this matter, and should I receive Youranproval to Qroceed in having discussions with the
firms named, itshould mean the manufacture en installation in Austr"1ia of twoor three 6 ton electric furnaces together with other foundryeuuiiment.Could you blease give me any generalobservetiocs under the hemina of
avail'ble scrap steel and alsoraw materials to keen these furnaces runnins at cepacity..... I attach e list of the verious firms whichWe huve awnrvised before submittinv the six now mentioned in thisletter.L .“./HARTN1,TT
,Director of Ordnance Production.KAtt.
LIST @_g*;P1v1s APPRIISED.Messry. Broken Hill Ptf. Ltd. Newcaxtle N.S.:L" Commonwerlth Steel Co.Ltd. Ultimo N.S.W." Industrial Steels Pty. Ltd. Lidcombe N.S.W." Lysaghts Ltd. Newcastle. N.S.W." Melbourne Iron &
Steel. Hills Btv. Lt. South Eelbourne. Vic." Davies & Baird Ptf. LtF. East Brunswick Vic.' " Walker Bvos. Maryborough, Queensland" McKay, Qassey Harvii Co.Lt". Sunshine, Vin," Internationdl Havvester Co. Geelong, Vic."
Evans DR kin Ltd. Brisbane, Quenslsn.
‘ 5.31\) MO:AFV:HJB2I ./ i 16cnuxsss TANK PRODUCTION:lOth Feb., 19Report on Preliminary Survey. V Following on the writer's recent visit to Sydney, and as theresult of discussions with various engineering
organizationsin that city, including B.H.P. Coy. at Newcastle, the followingis submitted for discussion:-1. Hull & Turret. - Desigg.The question of Hull & Turret Design was discussed with variousexecutives at B.H.P. with
regard to the relative possibilitiesof utilising cast components and rolled plate construction. Itappears that.either of the two following principles may be\ adopted:(a) Complete hull and turret to be built from cast
steelcomponents;(b) Composite design with rolled plate side frames , andinterconnecting cast steel armour plate components.The latter method is suggested as most desirable, becausel.1'The required protection may be
obtained fromrolled plate of thinner section than a casting,thusachieving a very desirable saving in weight.‘ Less joints would need to be made in sides oftank, thus -A. Decreasing possible entry of lead "splash".B. Reducing
man and machine hours necessaryto manufacture completed side frame.Plate rolling is quicker process than steel casting.4. The arrangement would conserve the necessary electricfurnace capacity by about
20%.iIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII-I----MT41
6/;awJ . ., __ /1. (o/\., q t/f< é{@u(Q_ 15taursan TANK PRODUCTION: -2- _ my_(Hull 8c Turret-Designe cont_.) 10.2.41. '5. The centre casting on which the Turret is to rotatei.e. ball bearing seat, will be protected by
therolled steel side plate, and may therefore be castin ordinary high tensile steel, which needs no heattreatment other than annealing before machining.This would assist production of satisfactory seatingfor the ball race. .6.
With integral rolled steel side plates the use ofmuch lighter bulkheads is permissible.B.H.P. Coy. are of the opinion that they can supply rolled steelplate which will be readily machinable in the as rolled condition ,~IfT,..
C1.L\~ Uheat treatment to take place subsequent to machining. | &{“w IIt will be possible to profile the plate by use of the oxy coalgas process, if plate is cut hot - presumably 400°-450° C.It will however be necessary to
perfect a satisfactory electricwelding technique, in order that suitably shaped pads may bewelded to the inside of the plate to facilitate the attachment ofvarious internal fitments (engine mountings etc.) and thus eliminate,as
far as possible, the drilling of the side plate itself. It is notanticipated that the carbon content will rise above approximately40%, and probably a suitable method will be developed.Hull & Turret: - Production of First Model.In
order to produce the prototype model in accordance with thesuggested programme, the following arrangements must be madeimmediately:1. Arrange with Commonwealth Steel Coy. Pty. Ltd. to immediatelycast the
necessary sample plates (as per Colonel Watson'sletter dated l/2/41 to B.H.P.) as per specification andanalysis supplied by B.H.P. Coy. (Note: smallest melt possibleat B.H.P. approx. 55 tons).\ |I
ii’.,_ 14],CRUISER TANK PRODUCTION: -3-iHul1 & Turret - First Model, cont.) 10.2.41.20l»~‘_5.4.5.\ \-1.4!-.\ \<t</"#1-eArrange for supply of 2 Pdr. Anti Tank Gun to Stockton Range,together with necessary solid shot
ammunition for purpose ofsubjecting samples to firing test. If Firing Screens are notavailable, this first test should be carried out without themin order to enable the B.H.P. technicians to obtain at leastsome idea of the
performance of the proposed samples.The necessary working drawings for prototype hull and turretshould be pushed ahead with all speed - to be availablewithin two weeks if possible.The cast samples mentioned
previously should also be testedwithin the next two weeks,to allow for further samples to bemade if necessary and tested before completion of patterns;i.e. castings, by February 15th: tested by F b 18th.e ruaryImmediate
arrangements to be made for the production of thenecessary patterns - preferably at B.H.P. Works, withsufficient precedence given the job to enable completion ofpatterns within five weeks from today; i.e. by approx. March
15th.It is suggested that the first set of hull and turret castingsand side plates be cast, rolled, annealed, machined, and heattreated by B.H.P. Coy; the parts transported to our Exper-imental Workshops at Fishermen's Bend,
and there assembled,together with other details.NOTE: The immediate production of 5 Tanks for training purposeshas been suggested. If this is decided on it is suggested thatB.H.P. Coy. supply 5 sets as above, and that
the patterns be sentto Hadfields Aust. Ltd., who will cast a further two sets.-(Seenotes on Hadfields Aust., following) - Whole to be assembled atour Experimental Workshop.------IIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJ
e 13= -4- 10.2.41.CRUISER TANK PRODUCTIONHull & Turret - Production Assembly;At present it appears that the sequence of operation necessaryfor the production of Castings will be as follows:-l. Mould and cast.a/“.1
._4, (LC .2. Remove from sand while still hot, and neenaiéze, coolingeithan_in~still—eir—er-the furnace.5. Machine while in normal condition.4. Low temperature treatment to increase impact values.5. Assemble.Rolled
plates will be machined in "as rolled" condition andsubsequently subjected to low temperature treatment.Several setups are therefore possible:—l. Organisation equipped with -‘(a) Foundry of suitable capacity./IV I[‘ 5 (c)
Drilling, turning, boring, planing capacity.\ § (d) Low temperature furnaces.\(b) High temperature normalising furnaces.\ (e) Space for assembly of hull, turret, and other\~ components supplied by other contractor.2. (a) and
(b) must be grouped together, but (c) and (d)could operate as separate organization, with or without(e) Final Assembly.Any combination as indicated at 2. may create transportproblems, which may at any time become
acute, thus delayingproduction.It is probable that the above set-up is obtainable in Victoriaand New 3outh Wales, and possibly South Australia, and it maybe policy to triplicate same in these States. This policyshould be
defined as soon as possible.‘
,__-» _-ee»_ e -F "'=-= =* qr!- — 12CRUISER TANK PRODUCTION. -5-Hull & Turret - Production Assembly;(cont.) 10.2.41.A preliminary survey of Sydney capacity indicated Hadfields Aust.as possible contractors for hull &
turret castings. This companyis only producing at present approx. 100 tons per week of steelcastings, 60% of which are direct or indirect Defence requirements.Their existing production,—if added to that of their
subsidiary,Australian Alloy Steels, using existing electric furnaces withcontinuous melts,-may be increased to approx. 260 tons per week./_ I In order to achieve this it would be necessary to add to existing‘ buildings, thus
providing additional floor space. Approximateestimated cost of additions is £12,500 for extension 200' x 60'.At least twice this area is available if required; together witha large area of vacant land adjacent to their Works ,
probablyavailable for purchase.Their existing machine shop provides facilities for machiningthe turret and turret bearing rings, including a gear shaper onlyoccupied at present, part time, for cutting turret slewing gears.Office
personnel is light, and would need to be amplified.Quality of work produced is excellent; and a well-equippedV metallurgical laboratory is in use. IHeat treatment capacity would need to be amplified.Assembly.The
Alexandria Works of Australian Iron & Steel Works provide apossible Assembly Depot. The following section is available.I
1 a- 11F . -6- 10.2.41.dRUISER TANK PRODUCTIONHull & Turret - Assembly (cont).Should this arrangement prove satisqictofyz it is stronglysuggested that the services of Mr. Hayard of A.I.S. Coy. beobtained if possible,
in connection with the supervision of theproject in N.S.W. Mr. Hayard is at present I believe engagedwith some success in shepherding the production of certainequipment for the Ammunition Factory in South Australia and
theForge Shop at A.I.S.; and both projects will probably be completedin the near future.Gear Box Front Axle Assembly.A general survey indicates that at present we are in rather aninvidious position with regard to the
production of gears andgear cutting in the quantities at present demanded by our urgentDefence needs.The two major suppliers of gears who operate on a mass productionbasis were interviewed, viz., Sonnderdales and
Coote & Jorgensen.Sonnderdales are behind in their programme, and the little roomfor expansion which they have available is being absorbed by theAircraft Production Comission and several other major projects,all of
which appear to be continuous.Coote & Jorgensen are at present working to practically fullcapacity, but have approximately 250' x 150' of building spaceavailable.A very approximate list of additional machine tools required
forline production of the Gear Boxes and Front Axle Assembly isappended.Production of First Prototype. Coote & Jorgensen are of theopinion that they can produce the first gear box within twelveweeks of supply of
necessary drawings. To assist them, afabricated box is suggested. It will however, be absolutelynecessary for strong precedence to be given the production ofthe necessary form cutters, - deliveries of which for
Defencework are at present being quoted at four months.
I ; 1-- 10CRUISER TANK PRODUCTION. — - 10 2 41Production of First Prototype.fps‘ p The installation of 16" x 8" Axleson relieving lathe, shortly'/ P, 1;‘ becoming available with Demco Machinery Coy., is stronglyt‘ »~';
recomended, as this would enable them to produce cutters attheir own Works, to the benefit of all their Defence work. Anapplication and recommendation was forwarded to Mr. Whyte on5.2.41.5.Tracks &
Suspension.Possible suitable contractors in N.S.W. are:- British StandardMachinery Coy., and Gibson, Battle, Pty. Ltd., both of whom areto communicate with us this week re the matter.4.Investigations in other States than
N.S.W. have not been proceededwith, as probably all necessary preliminary information isavailable within our organization in Melbourne, and it is thoughtthat further investigation would be better carried out after amore
definite policy has been decided upon subsequentto consid-eration of the foregoing.
x/1/V12- (/WiORGAIISAHOI - Ll‘. V» DIVISIOIQLo J0 Hartnctt he 'I retur to your memorandum of 16th October relatingto the above, copy at which I sont to Ir. Coda for his§’Z£2commts, which are set otit in the attached
manorandunof 18th October.As Ir. Code auggoats, perhaps it would be as I011to dofer the matter pcading his return-Rae.Director-Benn-a1' at Ilunitionl.80/10/41.QQQ)\‘:>
2 §7'7. MINISTRY or MUNITIONS g‘wwv mo/Tn M1NUT€ PAPERlwth 0¢%n%~r, l9élvSUBJECT: 0~¢3@.n1=~t1 O11, I..?‘.‘-J.Di.v.s~i_on. ' _5§°"°'Irr.=2m>. :1~mm./1 an : _,{ Q)7 Mr-. *1 singtcn Lc*.':.‘!s 5” , - .. 3 ~ ~ °’
\"/n , DTT‘CC‘COI‘--.reY1C":‘.>l '11 1‘!mni.t‘.o‘w. 4 -1*\ ‘<@j/.~\In 1'-c~r\1;' t'> your ~*e*"*"-.‘nv'1uv" 2*?‘ 0~.t'>ber' 16,r?t*C."c.‘1",n: 0Or\1.Ps of‘ worr-esonence frww Fr. L..,T. Hnrtneit ‘W ."""jj~cste t‘~"+,in vi-cw of y
1mnen'1in3 r‘*epart11r0for the ‘_*nHr¢"1 St¢tes, this matter be left in Pbeynnc. Wntil r"1' :"e+w1"~r. V ‘Y. ’fo'1e,‘31n*-,1"-:\11_er_.,'r~'rou1"ed ““’,~‘1t’_r~_'- Vehicles Division"”?Z“?V/"27ht,6.76)_ 4) ii r9»~
\.'\MINISTRY OF M UNITIONS’ MINUTE PAPER(This side only to be written on)naass/z.n-0.1905.A. F. V.147 UCIISMDIV.SUBJECT: ‘ 52/16th October,A. R, Code, Esq.,Controller,Armoured Fighting Vehicles
Divisionloco!1941.'>r, 1'1Herewith is a memorandum of 14th Octoberreceived by me from Mr. L. J. Hartnett, DirectorOrdnance Production, together with a copy of thebulletin and statement referred to therein, concwhich I
should be very pleased to receive your c\Director—General ofEnc.ofsuggestederningomments.Witions
1'41 :55.‘ 7 N1:/LJI-I/l\JG _ ' ' 9J11 r3\'o5\\®-$1‘\ &\\\.'.y/ g .MINISTRY OF MUNITIONSMINUTE PAPER. \SUBJECT:\"'1L ’ 5}V W“ ‘ 2 14th October 1941.131*’ 59 IQ 77l\Llsi\AOP_;'b.\JDUm pg l_i Mr. Essington Lewis,1
Director—General of Munitions.I had an interesting and lengthy discussipractically all yesterday afternoon with Mr. Code,Controller of the Armoured Fighting Vehicle Division, whena number of points were covered upon
which separatememoranda will be written to you, chiefly concerning theavailability of Australian Pratt-Whitney Wasp Engines fortanks.Mr. Code made mention that he wouldappreciate a Bulletin being released by you
clariiying theorganisation arrangements; although he was entirely happyabout the arrangement and procedure established, heexperienced a reaction from many with whom he contactedthat there was yet to be appointed a
Director or ArmouredFighting Vehicles placed over him as Controller, and apartfrom myself. This was due to the announcement made bythe Prime Minister in his broadcast that there would bea Director of Armoured righting
Vehicles.Hoping that it may De of some assistanceto you I attach a draft of a Bulletin which I believewould satisfy mr. Code's point.‘ L. . HARTNETT ,Director of Ordnance ProductionAtt.OI1
SUGGESTED BULLETIN AND STnTEENT:A Division to handle exclusivelyand to specialise upon the design and production ofArmoured Fighting Vehicles has now been establishedwithin the Ministry of Munitions. This
neworganisation is to be known as the ARMOURED FIGHTINGVEHICLE DIVISION.This newly created organisationis under the control of Mr. A. R. Code, who has beenappointed Controller.The Armoured Fighting
VehicleDivision incorporates officers and representativesof the Army engaged in interpreting the specialisedcharacteristics required by the Army in theirarmoured fighting vehicles; a drawing officecompletely established
where drawings and specificationsare produced covering armoured fighting vehicles; astaff engaged in conveying the requirements, inter-preting the drawings and specifications to industry,and aiding Boards of Area
Management in developingresources and facilities within the Commonwealth forthe production of these armoured fighting vehicles.ror purposes of co—ordinationwithin the munitions programme the Controller of
theArmoured Fighting Vehicle Division is embraced underthe general direction of the Director of OrdnanceProduction, oarticularly bearing in mind that armouredfighting vehicles carry guns, 0Dtical munitions,technical
equipment and other items handled by theDirector of Ordnance Production which call for thisco—ordination. /T‘Because of the intricacies andvehicles, the Controller of that Division has accessto the Director—General of
Munitions, but the develop-ment of the armoured fighting programme is implemented,and aided by the Director of Ordnance Production. -v’dimensions of the programme for armoured fighting w,léth October l94l.§)")
5 _ /,. I,'7,\ ‘ “J~<-<!p Ionwnzsnzon - A.r.v. nmmn ma Paonucnou. 4L/7-’//gin§Erg§r§‘§'§§n3§Ei Paonucnol 4//70 K *aw???/»,, A EV.Attached 1| a copy of letter of 18th Novemberreceived from Iajerweneral S. F. Howell,
Deputy Chiefof the General Staff, confirming our agreement to theinclusion cf the words "The Chief or the General Staffshall be the authcrity to approve at designs of armouredfighting vehicles‘, in the arrangement between
the Iinietryof Iunitions and the Army in regard to the AeF.V. Section.Director~6enera1 of lunitions.20/11/41-Enc.
I .l >BEQtK ‘L_ IMPERIAL GENERAL STAFF ‘Cf ‘ (AUSTRALIAN sECT|°N)- EARMY HEADQUARTERS,/'‘~’<l:_§.;_ _;_>,- 1v.,._ _______ /{P757 i_@ii\§<>§€i\<>~\ -fl 1 ;/l +' ORGANISATION - A.F.V. DESIGN AND
PRODUCTIONDear Mr. Lewis, ‘II acknowledge with thanks your letter of12th November, and note your agreement to the inclusionof the words "The Chief of the General Staff shall be theauthority to approve of designs of
armoured fighting vehicles."I confirm the interpretation of this clauseas set out in your letter.Yours sincerely,/<56 or-General,' Deputy Chief of the General Staff.Essington Lewis, Esq.,Controller General of Munitions,83
William Street,MELBOURNE C . 1 ./A ,5/ //‘\/ 0;/\ * /'\\' _ VICTORIA EARRACKl- 5yr V’: ' v ' "~ " MELBOURNE,\ I \ I i
<-_-.~_~ ‘' £3-&4i(,»z47 ‘' I. M‘? W .¢- 1mu an-m-, 1941. / 9ControllerA..I’.V. millo ‘O O I l IIn reply to your lllnoranth of Bth Iovllbcr reamingthe proposal submitted by lajor-General 1'. 8. 3011011tint tho llet of the Goncral
Btatt shall be tho luthatityto approve or designs at armoured fighting vohialu,I enclou, for your intonation, a copy of my letter 0!’even date to General M1011, which speak; for 1.118011’ Iv_ . . Director-General of InnitionlF4
~1'E90¢__F’3; _ , I 1
/57¢M‘ 12th lioveaber, 1941.Iajor-General 5. F. RaniaDeputy Cbiaf or the Gena star,A:-my Headquartersmagma. 5-anDearFux-ther to your latter of 4th liovamber and myacknowledgment of the 5th Bovemhgr relating to the
questionof rixml approval at designs, and suggesting that the Chiefof we General Stat! shall. be tne authority to approve atdesigns of armoured fighting vehicles, we concur with theinclusion in the egreeuent reached
between General Iertheottand myself oi‘ the words"Ike Chief cf General Staff shall be the authority toapprove of designs of armoured righting vehicles.‘Our interpretation of this aiaue is that the 6118111301through which I
should 13:1-ate as regard: eppravel inColonel tun zliead at Designs Section oi‘ the LL14»mn puty Chic! of General Stat! end Chief pfEODCIGI :0lours sincerely,(nlrector-General of Innitionl)\
/""\.‘ ~ ' /\\17 ‘ ‘~< \MINISTRY OF |v|un:rr|o s /~;" ~<.nrv/nu/is. N /13." MM ~\\ Q Xo\\° 47/(Thlo oldo only to bo wrlttcn on) ~ Al;MINUTE PAPERH2=2-"LiV3;lGLIIZL1‘IOI - L-F-Y. DESIGI LID
PmDUCTIOI‘§‘~Q!§%%r<DIRlC'l‘0I- ‘7.‘/oE9GIIEBAL OF IIUIITIOIBIn roply to your lonorondun of ‘Eth Iovonbor, to which wooottochod copy of o lotto: tron Iojcr-Golorol SJ‘. Rowoll to yourooltpiotod 4th llcvolbor, and copy of
your roply thoroto of 5th Iovonbor,V/*0 rich to ototo that Io concur with tho incluoion of tho word!‘Tho Ghic!‘ cf Gonorol Stuff oholl bo tho authority to opprovooi‘ dooigno of on-nourod tiztin; vohioloo-'I\\‘ Our intorprototion of
thio oloooo in thot tho chonnol throughJ which to ohould cporoto no rogordo approval io Oolonol Iotoon, Dopoty‘ Chi’! of Gonorol &|;o£f, and Ghicf of Gonorol Stuff.Ioy Io luvo your tonal conourroncot.6 »wk); to?i\\<\'€§\?§*Y“
‘\ V/5?’ ',v Ber A. R. CODE,W‘w Ocntrcllor,(w’#)URBD FIGHIIIG VEHICI-IS DIYI3IOI-0 I
Iaw/ORGANIZATION - L.F.Y- DESIGN AND PRODUCTIONLg J; El-1'tnQtt Q’DIRECTOR OF QHDH CE PRODUCTIORCopy of letter or (Eh Noveuberrneceived byno from Ia].-Gen. 8. F. Howell 'Deputy Chief or
GeneralStaff) in attached hereto, together with copy or my replyof even date-So that e reply may be sent to the DeputyChief of General Staff, I should be pleased to receive yourearly comments on the luggeetion put forward
by himin regard to the appreval of designs.Director-General or Munitions.5/11/41-Encl.
£74"S7'%ORGANIZATION - L.F-V. DESIGN AND PRDDUCTIOR.H. J. Bromley Ieqo,A.F.V. DIVISION.pupa1Copy at letter of %th Iovenber received Bi lofrom Mairenera S. I. Howell Deputy Chief of Gner Stat!)is attached
hereto, together Iith copy of my reply of even date.So that a reply may be sent to the Deputy Chief ofGeneral start, I should be ploaled to receive your earlycomment: on the suggestion put forward by him in regard to
theapproval of designs.Director-General of Munitions,5/11/41.Enos.
1 {W, 1 / ,5] Lu5th Iovuabor, 1941.Iajer-Gnu-:1 I. I. Howell-‘Mwlty Ohio! ¢: tin Gancrai. sun,Huadquartu-0amsu-2-A-'Dear ,QIIAIIZlIEIH_:_L1IAIa.l!II§l_lll_ZHlll§II!!@Thank you tor your latter of 4th Novemberrelating to the
question at run. approval at designs andnugguting that the Chief of General Btaft lhlll be theauthority to approve: of designs of Armoured Fighting VuhiclolvWe will look into this mager and lot you havoa further reply in the
course of a day or tn-Yours ainderely,(D11-eater-.General of Munitions)
\\\J. ~' ' _~ §7*/ é. - _ IMPERIAL ‘GENERAL STAFF , ft “'4 ‘. musrnalfm me-ruou).ARMY HEADQUARTERS.VICTORIA BAIRA¢KI-. 6"MELBOURNE. (A November, 1941 i.i ~,._t§?2:LQi, /6 (07‘V- ) ‘/ . \ “ r "Essington Lewis
Esq., w/ / 7Controller General of Munitions, if -;AR5 William Street, qMELBOURNE 0.1 )/ 1 '///___; L L» ,/' / z .Dear €q4,~»~a/Q.QRQANIZQQION - A.F-V- DESIGN AND PRQDUCTIONwith reference to General Sturdee's
letter to you of28th October, I regret our confusion over the file which hasnow been located.I notice from it that the question of the status of theChief Inspector of A.F.Vs. has been amply confirmed in
subsequentcorrespondence and therefore do not suggest any further action inthis regard.The question of final approval of designs, however,seems to us to be a matter which should be included in theagreement you and
General Northcott reached and I suggest there-‘ fore the inclusion of the words "The Chief of the General Staff' shall be the authority to approve designs of A.F.Vs.".I enclose a copy of the agreement with thisamendment
inserted and underlined and should be glad of yourconfirnation that this is satisfactory.Yours s incere ly ,Major-General,Deputy Chief of the General Staff.
./r LA.F,V. DESIGN AND_lNSBECTIQN1. There will be set up a separate organization on ArmouredFighting Vehicles, which organization will be within the Ministryof Munitions-2. This Head of the Organization shell be in
charge of designand production of A.F.Vs-5. The Army will issue the General Staff specifications and theChief of the General S*aff shall be the authority to agprove designof A.F.vs. ' D ~4. - There will be one Design Section
embracing both basic anddetail designs5. The Head of the organization will, at the outset, tahg withhim from the Ordnance Production Directorate, all the men who he mayrequire from this Directorate and who have been
engaged on A.F.Vs,6. The personnel of the Design Section should consist of thepresent Military Design Section (A.F.V) and the Production Draughtsmen,reinforced by other personnel, as necessary. This section will be
ajoint Military Civil Section. The military personnel will be secondedto the A.F.V. Project-7. The Head of the Design Section will be Colonel W.D. Watson.8. - The Design Section will be part of the A.F.V. establishmentunder
the Head of that establishment.9. Both the Head of the A.F.V. and Colonel Watson will have theright of direct access to the Chief of General Staff.10, There will he a Branch of the Inspection Department whoseactivities will
he confined to A.F.V. vehicles. The officer in chargeof this section, Mic will be known as the Chief Inspector of A.F.Vs.,will have direct contact with the Inspector-General of Munitions.He will be concerned only with A.F.Vs.
and will maintain the closesttouch with the Headof A.F.Vs._-as-none‘-Qq.-up-as-Q-n
. .IMPERIAL GENERRL STAFF /* (AUSTRALIAN sscon).12 ARMY HEADQUARTERS‘» ' V|cmR|A BAR .x\\ ., * ‘V t MELBOURNE. ‘ V ,1 ~.,. ........ need/c99§i,<>> §§coc1\9*‘ W. I>39J\ Q; , Q ’4 28th October,
1941.‘ziEq|\9Dear hg-4.4_._._' re-»\/k, /L;‘ You will recall tha , in July last, the PrimeMinister convened a conference wit representatives of theDepartments of the Army and Munit ons to discuss the futureorganization for the
production 0 Armoured Fighting Vehicles.As a result of this conference, am given to understand thatthe details of design and specif cation were dealt with incorrespondence between yourself and Major-General
Northcott.§§i§1 1Unfortunately, is correspondence cannot nowbe located although there is o one file held here a list ofpoints concerning design and ecification which, presumablyis a copy of the agreement re ched between
yourself and\1¢, General Northcott. In my vi w, there aretwo points in whichL the Department of the Army d s not appear to be adequatelysafeguarded, viz. approval f r final design, and control ofthe Chief Inspector,
A.F.Vs.W / , In order, th refore, that the matter can be4” 4/~' taken up with you on a form 1 basis, I would be very glad ifIf b 4*I1 U . ‘ you could see your way clea to let me have a copy of your"' ,_' _ correspondence with
Genera Northcott on this matter.&' . . . .. ~ - With kind r gards,_.-c¢_<_.‘ ~_V Yours "'""-'1-4:»!/\.»</S1 //‘ a@A%€*._“ _ D,Essington Lewis Esq. t/ A 'J~ Q Q{-Director—General of,Munitions, ?_§ " 'r ‘it;/k “£2"Western
House", 2' is85 William Street, FY‘-"\/‘M-“"' *<-'-4"_<§"’MELBOURNE. 0.1. l~\..'.,._.¢..¢_.\_, E“/v q-\,_) 13¢ .___,4-Z ‘ E. W a»(.-“_.,4/,,2ZIII:_":IL4_¢»=_ °_%_"i:£b
. .;!/,0.1':|£:-1% ‘Y zoo.CQMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA TELEGRAPH|\.~ADDRESS: “suPnEv." MELBOURNI. MHUSTRY OF MUNITIONSI\ “Wutem House". C F\ ,_—. 83 Willimn shed,M? _ Melbourne, c.|.§ ' - ~'\_ V-
J “.~i'?<=? ‘ In|¢lyqunl:No.9 . 1 UUI 1§41Mr. A. R. Code,Controller,Armoured Fighting Vehicle DivisionFishermen' s Bend. ‘I desire to informlyou that I am in accord with yoursuggestion that during your absence in the
United States, it. would be preferable, instead of selection of an Acting Controller,to appoint a Committee of your principal officers to act for you.I therefore appoint -Mr. H.J. Bromlsy" D.S. AshColonel W.D. Watsonto be a
Committee of Management of the Armoured Fighting VehicleDivision, with Mr. H.J. Bromley as Chairman.I authorise the Committee, during the absence abroad ofMr. A. R. Code, Controller of the Armoured Fighting
VehicleDivision, to act for him and to exercise all the powers andfunctions which he, as Controller, would be competent to exercise.I further authorise Mr. H.J. Bromley, while acting as Chairman ofthe Committee, to express
the authority of the Committee, and tosign on its behalf such letters and documents as may be necessary.Further, I order and appoint that the Committee shallcease to function, and shall dissolve upon the return
fromabroad of Mr. A. R. Code, Controller of the Armoured FightingVehicle Division.~\Li, ' ill./V7Director%en/;r itions.~ Z/14 fe
in 05- Ir. LI. I11 é£7//’I.1] /1\_ HEIDI!’ 5, 1061.vIIIGAINI tor:' Bu Diroozu-Oneal at Initlnns...,.......,."“‘ '£"'“"~.-.=§‘=“’~,.":%Q r orguqaplnion thntnGcIlttu0 orcausative at his Itvldm mould11 nbunn ova-nu.(
Ithdnclrodtoacunnihattuuéunltubotazud, IihllU0l‘1§f_I1‘!1UR§0l8Q $110131, ucun1ttutooona!.¢totlun:n.H.J. M 'Golan]. I.D.Intnoa, Ir. B1-any to act u of
tina¢dtt00,,m6toI1gncn1tabchn1tm1:!11.nttaraAaAathnvhoaahanqhauam.£22;awA. R. ado,Gnntrollir,L:-mural Pighting Vehicles Dinnin-lr. Jonson:It would be approciatod it you could am-ago forthe creation at this temporary
eonnittu of managementto be undo known thu-cvor naeocury, no at tho action!01' the Cumittu will not be nullified for Lack of unoconmy nuumrlty.
’ _MINISTRY or MUNITIONS gbf‘ _ >_ MINUTE PAPERSUBJECT 1//L/A/3, _ 6th September, 1941.____--——————€-'“"'/9Mr. A. R. Code,Controller, A.F.V. SectionOn your return from Sydney, I should like to havea
chat with you.You will remember we decided to have a discussionperiodically. Might I suggest we make this every ggggnd_!§2§'so that we can both keep in touch with your progress.n1re€i;r;E;§ZI§i ;r“i§§l§§;§§;A\//“£1?/Q‘ A
2 3.0
7*’_ u:/\’ ‘/'L.F.Y. SECTION - 1.8.‘. § 6/Ir. ‘Q R0 006.0,A.F.V~ Boction - Ordnnnco Praduztion Dircctorato.itFor your intarnatian I attach copy of litterof oven date to 81: Philip oldtinch, together with copyof his memorandum
tire:-rod. to therein regarding thep!'0p0Il1S for the working of the A¢F.V. oetion to beestablished under the Board at Arei Inmgament, N.S.I.Both of these I111 be sq1f~cxp1anatory-Director-Gozioral of Iunit:I.ona-
3/9/410Ines.
Mi 5w,am mama», 1941. . °”"°"‘mo Quiz-non,11.8.!’ Board of Are: Ionogomont,liniotry or luuitiono,86 Pitt Strut,‘ IoS0'oDoor Sir, unk you for giving no an opportunity ofperusing tho nonoroodun which you proparod
followingthe dioeuuion hold bottom yourself, Ir. Oodo Ir. Btomloy,and nod! on the 18th Auguot, netting out tho ‘nip or:-indat for the working or tho Armoured lighting Yohioio Suctionto ho established wider tho Board or Aron
Ionogonont, 11.8.‘.Lo oonvoyod to you vorbally this attornoonthe propoools outlined in this memorandum on aoooptobio to -no provided they oro opfeooblo both to youraolt and Ir. ¢odo,which, I understand is tho position.I
on sanding Ir. Godo o. copy of this lotto:togother rith 1 copy of tho memorandum o!‘ tho looting.Your-I taithrully,(Dirooor-Gonorol oi’ Iunitiono)
< 4) '€\‘\<-\§-5/V/QW Y», .m \ '.~ MINISTRY o1= MUNITION ;_‘;°.,c\‘*°‘ 6 K, K, — V‘ ' (b\ ) ‘51 0\ go IMMORANDUM:Following the discussion on the 19th August,between Mr. Essington Lewis, Mr. Code, Mr. Bromley and
myself, Inow, as requested, set out the basis arrived at for the workingof the Armoured Fighting Vehicle Section to be established underthe Board of Area Management, New South Wales.It was agreed that the required
Staffshould be engaged and controlled by the Board.The Chairman confirmed his previous sugges-tion to Mr. Code that after mutual discussion the Board wouldaccept Mr. Code's nominee for the position of Supervising
Engin-eer for the A.F.V. Section, and would appoint him accordingly.As to all other cases of selection andap ointment of technical officers of the Board, the SectionSupervisor will make recommendations to the Board, who
will re-tain full responsibility for the terms of appointment, salary etc.In making his recommendations to the Board,the Section Supervisor will be guided by any recommendations madeby Mr. Code, and the Board itself
would, of course, pay thegreatest attention to any recommendations made, or wish expressed,by Mr. Code.Regarding Correspondence, all letters out-going from this office will be addressed to the Secretary, Mini-stry of
Munitions, Melbourne, and copies will be sent direct tothe Controller, Armoured Fighting Vehicle Section.Regarding inward correspondence, I desirethat all letters written by the Ministry of Munitions, Melbourne,for the
attention of the Board, or any officer of the Board, shallbe addressed to the Secretary of the Board.There has been talk from time to time of ex-cepting from this arrangement what is termed "purely technicalmatter". My
experience, which is being confirmed daily, is thatI cannot see anyone who can discriminate between what is, andwhat is not, "purely technical matter", and, consequently, mattersreferring to policy, finance, complaints etc.,
are being shortcircuited outside central records which is most undesirable.Generally speaking, we wish to feel, and wewant Mr. Code to feel, that the Board and its Staff, are hisagents here to do the best possible J05 in
carrying out his re-quirements.29th August, 1941. Zz; 4942 -; »14514‘/%;,;"‘{J,ft@q/g gg_ _ 'l
1'MINISTRY or MUNITIONS A- F- V' 1%‘!\- ‘*°“*F"‘F‘“"‘“T MINUTE PAPER 73:15]5",.“ g (Thll side only to he written on)94n1*‘ 1,L_ , ..SUBJECT = §>______________AiElI_Q2ggn1zation_in_NeI_S0nth_IAlas4____---------
7th August 1941Memorandum for:Mr. A. R. Code,Control1er_§rmoured Fighting Vehicles:Assuming it is intended to make full use of New South Walescapacity to build 25 Tanks per week (as per advice receivedfrom the
Board of Area Management, Sydney),it is obviousthat it will be necessary to establish a branch of the A.F.VDivision in N.S.W., alongside and working with the B.A.M.,but directly responsible to your goodself." To commence
with, the N.S.W. Manager (or Area Controller as.he is known in the Gun Ammunition Directorate) will require:-One technical assistant.2. One officer familiar with drawing office procedure toreceive, issue, and control all
drawings.5. One project supervisor to get the machine gun carrierproduction started and supervised at the Ford MotorCompany's plant, Homebush.4. A production investigation panel,(under_the_auspicesof the Institute of
Engineersvwith Mr. R.G. Griffin aschairman, to investigate capacity already known to theBoard and reserved for the Tank Project. My thought isthat this work could be done initially on a voluntarybasis, and that later, two or
three of the most activemembers might become full-time officers.One Progress and Records officer, when justified.‘ 5.6. Inspection is already under the care of Capt. Annand,but would require amplification and-provision for
shopinspection as the Tank Project goes into production.7. A suitable man to take care of Change Notices.Eventually the organization required would be along the lineof the draft organization chart submitted under cover of
thewriter's memo. under date of August 4th; but in the initialstages it would be necessary to thoroughly explore thesituation by taking full advantage of the work already doneby the B.A.M., and to work in closest collaboration
with theBoard, seeking their advice and help all along the line andkeeping them fully informed of our activities.The work appears to divide into two sections -l. Exploratory and developmental,and 2. Production
proper.Provision already exists within the Board of Area Managementto take care of actual production.S
‘,- ‘QMINISTRY or MUNITIONSMINUTE PAPER(Thll side only to In written on)SUBJECT:Mr.-2-Code: 718441.The relationship with the B.A.M. may at first sightappear somewhat difficult, but provided it is definitelylaid down
that the A.F.V. resident representative (whetherknown as State Manager, or Area Controller) is directlyresponsible to your goodself, it will be a matter forthe officer concerned to endeavour to come to a satis-factory working
arrangement with the Board.F?‘F‘rWoodward:‘_‘_'~(V. Division./kg 'z¢p£:;‘fq {%&;//,~
\‘ MAFV:USA:EY‘ ItMINISTRY OF MUNITIONS g'2/MINUTE PAPER4gg,4_4o 1 (This side only to be written on)SUBJECT 1/\"\6\_7th August, 19h1.Hemoranu" for:NQ. OGDEQqntrqliert Armoured Fightin Vehicies
hivision.Further tn our conversation yesterday es to thewest efficient manner in "Mich the &.F.V. Projects con he handledin cchiunction with the various Qtnte Roerds, there are two‘ "recesses thet coui he €o11owed:-(Q)
“hot .W.". qnnoint en irividuni in eqch Qtate whoseresronsihiiitv Woui he to receive instructions from.".V1 Centre? end in co-nneration with the TooaiQoer or Ares “ennqement suncrvise direot1y theWontrectnrs concerned,
end acceierate cutout, etc.This is rrohcbly not the most desirable method in viewof the fact thst un7e"s the individual in question was verystrong he Wouid hnve o tendency to he creduwliv assimilnted intothe hoard of Area
Teu¢qement's or~anisetion nnd Would net forthot Uoy in nccordsnce with their own iocqi ideos rether thanstsnd nut oh fi~ht tor the recuirewents of the k.?.V. OentrelD,~("|v.(hi “he second way of oarryinc out this irtcrstwte
renresentetinnYwui he for oech Vnor of Kren Nsnseement to snnoint shotficioi rerresertinc the “nerd in "11 resnects, thisrerresertstive tn he heedcuertered in heihourne. A11these renresentntives of the Voerds would he in
vontinualseesior end "hen it we" esired by the A,W,V. to nlnge an. order, the rerresentetives wnuid he eeiie toether endthey woui jointly discuss evoiishle cnrscitics in theirresrective Qtote" end 1 rccowweretion Woul fineily
be“ee h" the“ "Q's Poi", "77 heirs in ecreewent, to theR.F.". sttir~ thet it is recowwened thot the orders incueetien he rieced in some rnrticuinr Stnte, nduroviinw the recowmendation was rnliticeily andecorevienily sound the
order would forthwith be nlacgd,Who success of this letter wetho seems obvious ms itWould eiiwiiate criticisms hy the other itetes qrter the qpderhod been nlece. Qccnwdiy, that the renresentntives of thehosros of Ares
Veneeewent can he eduested into our way ofthinkiny and it should eliminate mi? possihie friction hetweenBosrs, and en exrediticus decision could he arrived at inevery cese where on order vms to he rleced.It would,
however, he edventageons to have an A.F.V. —shell We term him — Project Sunervisor in each State to ectsnecifically in co nection with the Contractors with n view toaccelerotinv nroduction.The writer has discussed this
briefly and generally with|Xr. Wromley who favourably received the matter, and it is suggestedthat a further Feeting is called to go into the detail of this so5 that if the second method were deemed favourable, it should henut
into operation prior to our appointing any representative forQydney, as is at present being considered.4%o Q ~ V azéa o.‘<i, Progress Manager _ _57L ' Armoured Fighting Vehicles Division.,/ ‘ Ministry of Munitions._ (,’\
1»>_..-__...'_' -_ ___. 1“.-ii. ____ I , ._.K__ _ _. ___ Q _._. I --' 2L~_~TI
F MINISTRY OF MUNITIONS (i/'MINUTE PAPER C¢u_“ f (This side only to be written on)SUBIECTY EXPERIMENTAL AND RESEARCH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.15th August, 19h1.Memorandum for —MR, A, R,
CODE,In reference to your intimation of the 9th inst.appointing myself Research Engineer to this Division, I would liketo discuss at the earliest opportunity the following features.The duties outlined are apparently of a purely
investigatorynature and are divorced from experiment and testing. It isevidently the intention to appoint a further individual responsibleto yourself or Colonel Watson under whom the Research Sectien andExperimental
Section and Testing Departments will function.The Departments embracing research, tests, experiment,etc are, in my opinion inseparable, and therefore, should be underthe control of one fully qualified engineer who may
appoint hisofficers to carry out the various aspects of the job.These men need not be fully qualified, but must have a goodtechnical training and the ability and application to specialise inthe particular field to which he may be
deputed.It appears to be much better and simpler at this stage inour setup to appoint the presiding officer for these functionswithin the organisation where quite a lot of experience has alreadybeen gained on tank and
armoured vehicular construction, tactics,mechanisms, power units, characteristics, etc. than to seekelsewhere, provided, of course, that such suitable officer can befound.In my opinion, Col, Watson, who is shown on the
organisationchart as being in charge of Design and Research, has his handsquite full from the design side, plus the necessary investigationinto armour and armament, research for which is in the hands ofour industrial steel
specialists.Furthermore, quite a large slice of the engineering workis now farmed out among Contractors with whom we have intimateknowledge of plant and personnel, and who continue to look to theA.F,V, Division for
information.The matter of obtaining technical officers for the variousfunctions of an Experimental and Research Engineering Departmentwould not offer a very great difficulty.I would like also to raise at this juncture the
question ofoverseas training. In a Project of this nature and magnitudeit appears rather a serious handicap that we have not on ourimmediate staff, men who have had recent contact and experience withoverseas
developments, This is equally applicable to productionengineering and research and development.We have, of course, the wealth of knowledge and experienceof Colonel Watson at our disposal largely with British
equipment,but as we are depending to a very great extent upon supplies andequipment from U.S.A., and indeed it appears that ideas ondevelopments must come from this source also, I think the situationshould be viewed
immediately so that our long range programme willhave the benefit of such assistance.
l‘ v ;;"=q'—"I_2_ ,|I thnk our present Mr. A. Chamberlain in the States has100% full time Job, and that his efforts should be implementedby assistance, using suitable men who would be deputed tospecialise in the latest
developments and methods regarding —1 Hull construction and material2 Mechanisms, steering, transmissiongji Engines - Trends in type horsepower, optimum,performance.(u) Special components, e.g., hydraulic and
electricpower units, Servo operations, Braking,track features, etc.I understand that a Military mission is now on its wayto U.S.A. to study tank tactics, characteristics and maintenance, etc.The following is an extension of the
functions set out byyourself which I think would more or less completely describe theengineering research and experiment -1. Engine trials, characteristics, performance,horsepower, fuel consumption, lubrication, wear,
etc.Tests, singly or in multiple as required, investigationand tests into suitable cooling systems in general -this will be either by air direct or through the mediumof water.Consideration should also be given to the
possibilitiesof liquid cooling, these being restricted to simplesolutions whereby we may gain some advantage in weightand size of equipment.2. Fuels, oils and possible uses of Benzol and PowerAlcohol.3. Materials
investigation (except armour plate andcast armour)h. Accelerated and type tests on various components forstrength and wear.5. Investigation of all available information on Alliedand enemy equipment.6. Go-ordinate and
investigate all data concerning wearand failure of existing equipment, e.g. Machine GunCarrier, with a view to remedy.7. Investigation of patents and new inventions. Tests willbe performed if considered of any value.8.
Close contact with local and overseas scientificauthorities.9. ~ Investigating new processes as may be put to possibleuse in tank manufacture.I have postponed compiling an organisation chart or anyprograms of work
pending a discussion on the above with yourself.A. P. TaebringArmoured Fighting Vehciles Division.F __
@7740U/['1' Wk:-) ' /L://0”“fZ§-/%*’"f"“ ,.,M,»f/*£ ,___231;’?-»»/»- kw?”A 1/ -(J K9§ L(:9 ¢M/ %4w” d Lb ,%,,1%Z;/QM /W-W-’%*"(D //</W" W/°
IIOAIDUICOPYIIHISTRY- OF IUIITIOI8.IIHUTE PAPER.6th August 1941.Ir. A. R. CODE.I lee no object in pursuing thisnutter further as I think the organisation is I011agreed upon. However, if you can clorify the pointwith
Injor-General Iorthoott as and when the opportuityocoura, it may be a good thing.Att-(signed) L.J. HARTIBTT,Director of Ordnanco Production.
* COPY.‘ IIPERIAL GENERAL smrr(Australian Section)Army Headquarters,Victcia Barracks.Ielbourne, 28:11 July 1941. 'Io. no/'12/ncos.Dear I. Eartnett,I acknowledge receipt of your memorandum of 21st July
1941enclosing a copy of your memorandum to Ir. Code Regarding the newA.F.V. Organisation.There are two matters arising out of your instructionswhich I wish to clear up.In the first pnlegraph, the new L.F.V. Organization
isreferred to as a ‘newly created Division" within the Directorateof Ordnanace Production. I must point out that this arrangementis not in accord with the decision of the recent conference withthe Prime Iinister nor with the
intention expressed in para. 1 ofthe Orgsnimation agreed upon by the Director-General of Iunitionsand myself;In view of resent discussion with Ir. Essington Lewis andyourself in regard to the necessity fo setting up this
neworganisation as a separate entity within the Iunitions DepartmentI wish to be assured that when it is transferred to the newestablishment at Fisherman's Bend the A.F.V. organization will infact function as a separate unit
under Ir. Code.The second matter refers to the A.F.V. Inspection Section.In your memorandum to Ir. Code reference is made to “your osnChief Inspector of A.F.V.' You will note that this Section iss branch of the Army
Inspection Department although it is locatedwith and will work in closest touch with the new A.F.V. Organisa-tion.Yours sincerely,(Signed) J. Iorthcott.Iajor-General,Deputy Chief of the General Staff.L.J. Hartnett,
Esq.,Director of Ordnance Production,Iinistry of Iunitions, , .85 Iilliam Street,lELBOURIE- C. l.
‘ /4,.//YISM: -71:11, U410 E$for your latorntin; I oaalan oepy atQorralpoldln ro1A\Ln| to tin lQPQiJ\‘lIlU atIn A. L Gods u Gena-0110:, AJJ. 91110101»which I111 be I011’-OlllhlifyoDirector-General or Imam!-Inc.{M
COP!»4.r.v. nxvxszon.aam July, 1941.EBEEE Thank you,for your memorandum or Zlat Julyenclosing 1 copy of your nonorandun to Kr. A. R. Codidefining the functions and responsibilities with whichho has boon charged.I
think it would be well it Ir. Code were toattend our Director! matings and I should be glad ll‘you would kindly invite hll along-Direotor-General or Munitions
‘ COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA‘ § DEPARTMENT OF MUNITIONS _,T£LnM-lculx MY zeo ¢§ ‘ ' ORDNANCE PRODUCTION D|RECT°RATE.TELIGRAFNIC ADDRESS:__mmm"_ MELQQURNR, \ ’ ROYAL
msummc: surname.4-‘I4 COLLINS STREET.‘ALL COMMUNICATIONS snouua as ADDREBSED MELBOURNE. C.‘l fl"ro -n-as ounscronns. \ /J not 1-o INDIVIDUALS. A ' * 3 \\ wl ' N 2In Reply QuoteR°'~ / Q3A'¢“ME ‘am;
July, 1941_ M /‘M /2 %F»\\\-/ A Y1 I K>c\?HBIORANDUH T0 : Hr. Eeaington Lewis,DIRECTOR GENERAL OF MUNITIONS.Thank you for-'the copies of correspondence‘ relating to the appointment of Ir. A.R. Code, as
Controller,A.F.V. Division, which was attached to your memorandum cfthe 15th July-To complete your files, I em eemiing youwith this memorandum, e copy of my memorandum to llr. Code,which defines the functions and
responsibilities withwhich he has been charged.L-J- Hartnett,Director of ordnance ProductionEnc :II3 |
I -’ "recs:-|-nous; M soon.'r=1.seRAPn|c ADDRESS “suPDEV" MELBOURNE. 5 !4 . ,--‘.!»7'!!';-';n=- '“ 5 .:;».{;;f.,; \~COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.MINISTRY OF MUNITIONS. '“ Westem House"83 Willinnn
Street,Melbourne, C.|.In reply quote No.21¢ July, 1941IIEKORAIDUM I0 z Ir. A.R. Code, Controller,A.F-V. DIVISION.(ha Ionday, the 21st July, there will one into effectan Ansoured Fighting Vehicle Division within the
Directorate of Ord-nance Production, llinistry ei‘ Munitions, and you have been appointedController of this newly created Division.I desire te confirm the scope, responsibility andfunction ct the Controller of the A.F.V.
Division, and also thefunctioning of the Division.The A.F.V. Division will handle ell Armoured FightingVehicles, their associated equipment, and itms appertaining to thisequipment.By A.F.V. is meant armoured ghting
vehicles which atthe present time cover Machine Gum Carriers, Tank: of all types, TrackCarriers for guns, and in the future will cover Scout cars, Reconnaiss-ance oars, armoured cars and all suohlike vehicles.For the
future the best way to define armoured fightingvehicles is those vehicles which carry specialised military equipmentin the fern of amour, guns and the like, which necessitate major no-difications and adaptations to the
normal vehicle.It is desired to point cut that within the Army, Ministryoi‘ Supply and Ministry of Munitions, motor vehicles are divided intotwo categories; these two types are described as "A" Glass and "B"Class-"A" Class is
defined broedly as being highly specialisedarmoured fighting vehicles which require non-oosnereial manufacturingapplied to them. This Class is eontrolled by the llinistry oflluniticns. '"B" Class covers vehicles oi’ normal
cusseroisl types towhich liner modifications can be made or specialised bodies mounted, but,in the ordinary course, those Ihich are easily proourable {rm the motoroar industry. This Class is controlled by the Ministry ct
Supplyand does not come within the scope of the Ministry of Munitions at all.In establishing and operating the A.F.V. Division, youwill asbrace all functions and work starting tron the initial require-ment from the Army which,
broadly, will be a General Staff specification,and an indication of quantity, impluented by forecasts and firm ordersthrough normal channels to ultimate production and delivery to the Annythrough Inspection.. _-~--7.:-‘-
T1T1;_>____M ~— -V »__, — —~—-—_ __ M _ ; —~-—— aI\~4‘EJ31\l/44.
ll 111Ln'~\ ‘ 2| ‘IThis means that the A.F.V. Division will qibrece basic design,general arrenguzents, essi lay-outs, detailed design, specifications,Bills of Materiel, production and mester tracings, issue of
drawings,specifications and all pertinent dste, to enable manufacturers inAustralia to take on the work end produce the required vehicles.Alec within the A-FJT. Division will be a specialised phaseof Inspection, with your
own Chief Inspector of Armoured FightingVehicles, working by arrangement with the Chief Inspector of lluniticns.Other functions to be cshraced within the A.F.V. Division areProduction Engineering, Processing, Internal
Office llenegcnent and Ad-ministration, end e representative ef Central Progress, working for youand specialising on progress within the A.F.V. Division.You will eo-ordinate in the A.F.V. Division ell the men whmyou require
end consider suitable, including these who ere nowwrhingwithin the Army Design Section, the Amy end llinistry of Munitions,Inspection, the Oversees Representatives of the Ministry of Munitionsspecialising on armoured
fighting vehicles, ‘Hie existing personnel ofthe A.F.V. Division end selected members from the Ordnance ProductionDirectorate.As Controller cf the A.F.V. Division you will take over the newA.F.V. Building at Fishemen's
Bend, Melbourne, upon canpletion, whereyour organisation will be housed.Ycu heve direct access whenever you so desire to the Chief endDeputy Chief of Gmerel Staff of the Army, to myself as Director efOrdnenee
Production and when necessary to the Director-General ofMunitions-Ihen the stage is arrived at of placing orders on industry inAustralia, it is requested that your Progress Section works with theProgress Seeticn of
Ordnance Production, using their facilities endfollowing along the standard practice new established.The A-F.V. Division will have its own Project Supervisors whowill ‘be responsible to you and will keep you well posted on
the progressbeing made by contractors on work for that Division.It is essential that the procedure as established within theMinistry of Munitions is followed, particularly as regerds making ccmtectswith industry and the
placing of orders through Boards cf Area llenegment.There are some phases of work which could be used economicallyas ccumncn to both Ordnance Production and A.F.V., and where such is thecase, it is requested that
you work in close co-operation with theCentral Services. The following particularly come to mind :-e.. Assisting manufacturers end contractors to develop and expendtheir internal shop inspection practices.b. The
consolidated appraisal of machine tool requirements-c. hpanding capacity within industry (where such cepscity iscommon to both A-F.V. and 0:-dnenoe.)d. The use of technical bulletins end technical education tecontractors
relating to general practices.e. lletellurgical problem .
71\lIE -& 5.Central Progress will consolidate in regular reports andreturns, a resunt of the progress of work carried out by industry onA.F.V.There are a number of Advisory Panels which can be neutralto all activities within
the Ordnance Production Directorate, such asOptical Munitions, Welding and Electrical, but since the work of theAutomotive Panel is more akin to A.F.V., it is suggested that you havethe Automotive Panel report to you as
Controller-Attached is a Minute as agreed to by the Army and Munitionsendorsed by Major General Horthcott and Mr. Essiugtcn Lewis, as DeputyChief of General Staff and Director General of Munitions respectively.It is
requested that you abide by these rulings.Will you draw up an organisation and procedure for operat-ing the .L.F.V. Division, and I should be pleased to discuss and endorseit so that as quickly as possible, the new division
comes into fulloperation.I would appreciate you attending the Army and Munitions Co-ordinating Committee Meetings regularly as a masher.It is left to you to select whatever personnel you requireand for those men in the
Army, I suggest you contact with Colonel Watson,who joins you as your Chief of Design, and finally make an arrangementwith the Deputy Chief of the General Staff to have these men released,seconded or transferred to
the A.F.V. Division.Please let me know it there is any way in which I canassist you, and do not hesitate to some and discuss any matter you wishat any tins.L.J: !:hnet'b,Direotor of Ordnance ProductionMat: Minute
A F V DESIGN AID INSPECTION1. There will be set up a separate organisation onArmoured Fighting Vehicles, which organisation will bewithin ne llinistry er Iunitions.2. Thic Head of ‘line organisation shall be in chargeof
design and production cf A.F.V's.5- ne Army will issue the General Staff specifi-cationl.4. There will be one Design Section embracing bothbasic and detail desigm5. The Head of the organisation will, at the cutet,take wil him
from the Ordnance Production Directorate, allthe men when he may require from this Directorate and whohave heen engaged on A.F.V's.6. The personnel of the Design Section should consistof the present Military Desip
Section (A.F.V.) and theProduction Draughtemen, reinforced by other personnel, acnecessary. This section will be a joint Military CivilSection.The Military personnel will be seconded to the A.F.V.Project.7. The Head of the
Design Section will be Colonel W.D.Watson.8. The Design Section will be part of the A.F.V.establishment under the Head of that establishment.9. Both the Head of ue A.F.V. and Qolonel Watson willhave the right of direct
access to the Chief of General Staff.10. There will be e. Branch of the Inspection Degnrhnentwhose activities will be confined to A.F. vehicles. Theofficer in charge of this section, Ibo will be known as theChief Inspector of
A.F.V's, will have direct contact with theInspector-General of lhmitiena. He will be concerned onlywith A.F.V'e, and will mintein the closest touch with the Headof A.F.V.mm July, 1941
7?i ' _ '1 ,<'‘ Q3 cOPYIMPERIAL GENERAL $TAFFARMY QADQIYARTIIRS,VIUT@I.A BARRLCKS,MELBOURNE. S-Cele14th July, 199.Deer Mr. Lenin sA F V (RGANISATIONI have to ecknmrledge receipt of
yourmemorandum deted 11th July, 1941 forwarding your notes in' connection with our discussion on the question of the newA.F.V. erganissticlu _I am pleased to confirm that thearrangements as set out in your notes are
agreed upon i.thze exception of he mall alterations which I suggest asfollows xParagraph 3 - before "Specifications" insert"General Staff"Paragraph 9 - delete "Deputy"-Subject to zese minor amendments the' proposed new
organisation will be acceptable to the Chief ofthe Gmersl Staff.Yours sincerely,(Signed) .1. NorbhoottX V eEssington Lewis, Esq"Director-General of Munitions,Ministry of Munitions,‘ 85, William Street,{ MELBOURNEto1
)1Q EXISTING A.F.V. STAFF. (0.P.D.)General Manager:F. J.§¢/Miss M.R. Thomas, Sec.Production Engineer; H. J. Bromley.Capt. H. Myslis (on loan from D.D.S.D.(A.F.V.)H. J.Miss M. Allman, Ssc.Kingshott.Chief
Mechanical Draughtsman:Exgerimental Engineer:0 Materials Sugglz:Project Supervision:(Carriers)Records (Technical),Correspondence, etc:EzgistezMessengers:22/'1/41A. ER. ER. D-. Taebring.. Day.McPherson.H.F.W.
Chamberlain.Lt—CMr.CmdrMr.H. M01. P.M. Ireland (in civilian capacity).K. F. Cox. A. Campbell. ‘J. S. Barton.orrow. Miss Bell.Miss Blair.J. Chapple )MissMissMissW. MMissMissMissW. AV. MR. GLobb )O'Brien) @n loan
from Progress Division)Rowe ). WelsfordN. Martin. ‘M. Sawers.E. de Young.. Sperring.2:22? }@$‘~*‘*'*>‘-Woodward. 1 - ~-\I As¢4IL s /I
(((,_._.Jl';E}$£,~.P£ri2$',1,~,.*>~=* - .1? .7 .s —+<G orDesi and Rose7*" ' \~.ofDESIOI .CHIEF DESIOIOFFICERi__|i_.Transnisa ionEngine;0Final DriveHull '0Tracks andSuspension|Armour andOrdnance|Electrical Gear&
Instruments1Stores andEquipmentOHDRAFTSIAIi.._T__.._nnrmhn andDe tailorsICheckersISundry DraftingServicesIlodels ‘andIockups~~—~;\;,._-— — _ _s ~ s l_\___l ___ _ 1_ _ __ _\_ IDESIGI
GOITROLOFFICERSchedulesSpec 11:10 at ionslate;-1' al sParts ‘ListsBills lot IaterialICharts 6: RecordsDesig: PlanningChange. IotibesStanda.rd PartsPlan 1;il1ng|Contact with SupplynEngineering ReleaseIProduction
Release /.0Typiatesi<Fv*€_;.\\ll "‘r.S 3?£31’ '\1- '-~1-“vi.--.,1s~Taxi20'.4;~cs--;-;{.»..\.\
/1 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA'r:|_u-noun MY 2110. M ,Tnsennwnnc ADDRS= "suwozv." MELBOURNE. 'N'5TRY OF M‘-|N|T|°N5» * /“Western House,”B3 Willianl Shed,Melbourne, C .I. July, In 1¢h gunk
No.yggggggggg Fug:Senator P. A. McBride,Minister for Munitions,Western House.A|F,V| Q§§IG Ag IN§EECTIQRegarding the new A.F.V. Section, thearrangement as agreed upon between the Army and ourselvesis as set
out on the accompanying statement.Mr. A. B. Code, Technical Adviser to theBoard of Directors of the Vacuum Oil Company Pty. Ltd, hasbeen selected to fill the position as Controller of theA.F.V. Section.He has been
kindly released from the servicesof the Vacuum 011 Company for the duration of the war, toenable him to take up this new appointment at a salary of£1,500 per annmm. 1 have suitably conveyed to the Vacuum Oilmmpany
our appreciation of their action in making Mr. Code'sservices available to us.Z50 (Director-Gengral of Munions)
g,F V D LGN D I ‘P C ION _1. There will be set up a separate organisation onArmoured Fighting Vehicles, which organisation will bewithin the Ministry of Munitions.2. This Head of the organisation shall be in charge
ofdesign and production of A.F.V's.3. The Army will issue the General Staff specifications.4. There will be one Design Section embracing both basicand detail design.5. The Head of the organisation will, at the outset,
takewith him from the Ordnance Production Directorate, all themen whom he may require from this Directorate and who havebeen engaged on A.F.V's.6. The personnel of the Design Section should consist ofthe present
Military Design Section (A.F.V.) and theProduction Draughtsmen, reinforced by other personnel, asnecessary. This section will be a Joint Military CivilSection. The military personnel will be seconded to the A.F.V.Project.7.
The Head of the Design Section will be Colonel W.D.Watson.8. The Design Section will be part of the A.F.V. establishmentunder the Head of that establishment.9. Both the Head of the A.F.V. and Colonel Watson will have
theright of direct access to the Chief of General Staff.10. There will be a Branch of the Inspection Department whoseactivities will be confined to A.F.V. vehicles. The officer incharge of this section, who will be known as the
Chief Inspector ofA.F.V.'s, will have direct contact with the inspector-Generalof Munitions. He will be concerned only with A.F.V's, andwill maintain the closest touch with the Head of A.F.V.
. / ‘ For Press. §2/' DEPARTMENT OF MUNITIONS.Controller of Tank Production.The Minister for Munitions (Senator McBride) announcedto-day the appointment of Mr. A.R. Code as Controller of Tank andArmoured
Fighting Vehicle Construction in the Department of Munitions.Mr. Code, whowill take over his duties immediately, is TechnicalAdviser to the Vacuum Oil Co. for Australia, New Zealand and SouthSea Islands. Senator
McBride said that the company had agreed tomake the services of Mr. Code available to the Government for theduration of the war.Mr. Gode is a native of Australia and qualified inmechanical engineering at the Melbourne
Technical College, SwinburneTechnical College, and the University of Melboume. He commencedhis professional career in association with Mr. A.G.M. Michell, worldfamous as the inventor of the Michell thrust bearing
which madepossible high speeds at sea by the reduction of propeller shaftspeeds from turbines of high horsepower.While Iith Mr. Michell he was associated with designingof machinery for the New South Wales
Government Railways and for theVictorian State Electricity Conmission, particularly in commectionwith the Kiewa hydro-electric scheme. He also assisted Mr. Michellin development of crankless internal-combustion
engines.He was appointed to the staff of Vacuum Oil Co. in 1929as automotive engineer for New South Wales, and was appointed ChiefEngineer in the automotive division in June 1931. Since December,19140, he has
been chairman of the Machine Gun Carrier MaintenancePanel in the Ministry of Munitions. This panel was fomed to takecharge of the production of data and maintenance materiel for machinegun carriers, and ultimately of
armoured fighting vehicles. SinceFebruary, 19141, he has been Joint technical consultant to theDirector of Ordnance Production, (Ministry of Munitions) and aDirector of Desig1‘(Depar1znent of the Army) on the design of
cruisertanks .Q0 He served as a Warrant Officer of the Royal Australian’"““"3‘¢“-‘~‘-* W1 B
Engineers (Militia) and for_ 2 ..some time was lecturer andhonorary instructor in the Australian Tank Corps.15th Jilly lSl1.l.
§\.\‘ii. -.... ICODE, 0F TH ‘ TANKS' tiv ly Australian, name ‘ ' ed Code, will he a very happy man.Ocoaseionydlllillmhe another milestoil-fddremarl-rahle_ career. ~>/Z/To-day, Alfred Reginald Code, 40 year: of age, native oi
Melbourne, and one_ ofAustralia’: top rank engineers, is Controller of Tank and Armored Fighting VehicleConstruction.l'le might have been a musician, an architect,»or~even a shining light in commerce?‘He became an
engineer. = ‘~Remarkable Career ei Engineer Who MightAT ‘Melbourne Junior TechnicalCollege, 25 years ago. thereoccurred an incident that com-menced the, shaping of AlfredCode's career.The Headmaster came into
aclassroom one day."Those boys who _want to bes_Iil'€IlEQl'!. stand this side,” he_ said.use who went to_ be architects.the other side.” 'Young Alf. code was 14 years ofISI-“I chose engineering," he told"Smith's." "Often,
since, I have won-dered whether ! should not have gonein for architecture."utmmmsnmmeowmtmmman who is 11 years advanced fromthe position of Vacuum Oil Company Hautomotive engineer for N.S.W. to thatof
technical adviser to the companythroughout Australia and the SouthSen. Islands. . ' .The Code family contains some veryfine musicians. Lovers of bend musicwill recall. for instance. that greatcomet player and band leader.
PercyCode, famous gure in outh Streetcompetitions of 20 years ago.Can’t Sing a SongPercy Code is Alfred C0de's cousin.In vain. however, did Alfred's fathertry. before he left in 1914 as a. mem-ber of the-A.I.F.. to turn the
young-Iter's thoughts to the piano.No! Cricket and football were morealluring than ve-nger exercises.To-day. Alfred Code can't Dial! anote or sing s. simple song. I-le callshimself s musical black sheen.Time went on. Ind
Young Alfredgot e job with the old Melbourne Elec-tric Supply Company. Working by dayand studying by night at both Swln_burns and Melbourne Technical Col-e, he moved steadily through thernentary stages of
engineering.He decided. in 1925. to study com-merce s.nd attended Melbourne Univer-sity as a foundation student in thecommerce class. _By 1929, when he received the ap-mimmt in N.S.W. with Vacuum Oil.he finished
all but three subjects.When be returned to Melbourne aftertwo years in N.S.W. he took up hisstudies at Melbourne University wherehe had left them off. and to-day canattach to his some B.Com.He is n student of
languages, too,and is procient in German andFrench.some years ago he translated fromthe German the autobiography of CarlBen; one of thepioneers of auto-motive engineer- ing. Just beforethe war he completed n
translation. alsofrom the German, of the life ofRudolph Diesel. by Dlescl‘s son.He has been working, in what sparetime he has. on a composite surveyof automotive engineering from thetime of Nicholas Cugnot, who in
1778was the rst man to put an engineinto a four-wheeled vehicle. to that ofNicholas Diesel, and taking in theperiods of Carl Benz, Daimler, Seyden,Alphonse Beau de Rochns. and others.That will have to wait until he hi-
sfinished his present Job of speeding-upthe building of armored ghtingvehicles for the defence of Australiaoverseas and at home.Alfred Code acknowledges withgratitude his debt to a Melbourne man,Have BeenA
MusicianA. G. Michell, an engineering prophetmore honored in other per-ts than inhis own city. but who is known to en-gineers all over the world as the in-ventor of the Michell thrust bearingthat made possible faster ships
by thereduction of propeller shaft speedsfrom turbine engines of high horse-DOWGF.story goes that but for the Michellthrust bearing it would not have been¢*/'1*4. -/1//f\. \ \es’1s-J/_ \ g 4.;/’ /\ ‘§’J~ \ iv ‘I _A. R.
CODEpossible to build I-l.M.S. "Hood." untilrecently the longest warship in thoworld. Had ordinary collar bearingsbeen used, it would have been neces-sary to make "Hood" so much longerthat no dock in the world would
havetaken the warship.Michell. one of the most retiring ofmen, is also one, of the world's out-standing engineers. In 1920. youngCode. then 19=year's of age, went to,Michell‘s employ from the MelbourneElectric Supply Co.,
and was with himwhen he commenced to develop hiscrankiess engine.Another association invaluable toCoda was that with a most able Aus-tralian, '1‘. M. Sherman, who, when in1921 the Cranklees Engine Companywas
formed. was engaged as chief de-signing engineer. Code worked withSherman as draushtsman, designingengineer, and chief draughtsman.Sherman. a Queenslander. was incharge of water-cooled engine design-ing in
England during the war of1914-18. .Although Alfred -Code always waskeen on military service—he was atone time W.O. class 1 in the RoyalAustralian Artillery-lt might be soldthat his interest in the mechanlsatlonof the
forces arose from his friendshipwith the late Captain Lamperd. Dun-troon graduate and member of theGene?! Staff. e;brll.|.innt ofcer. whohad one‘ a -tank course in England‘and was largely responsible for theformation of
the original AustralianTank Corps.While Alfred Code was in Sydney.Captain Lamperd induced him to notas lecturer tn automotive engineeringand instructor to members of thetank corps.Beck To Old Jobllaier. he joined the
corps as a "prl-\'l9."When in 1931 Vacuum wanted Itechnical adviser for Australia. choicewas A. R. Code.When the war is over. and there isno further need for armies and ar-man:ient—ws hopo—hs will give up thel0b*of
Controller of Tank and Arm-‘ored Fighting Vehicle Constructionfor the Commonwealth Government,and go back to that of VsA:uum'schief technical adviser.On his desk last week was a pile ofletters of resignation from
engineer-lng and technical bodies, here and inother parts of the world, of which hehas been a member.New job will be entirely creative.Australia. has been talking. for years.about building cars. Well. here iscar-building, in a
very big way.In times of peace, this work is like-l_v to be of the greatest value to Aus-trails.Alfred Code said to "Smith's": "I'vebeen getting my team together. andit's a good team. believe ms. We'regoing in, boots and all. for
produc-tion in s. big way."One organisation with which Mr.Code is retaining his connection isthe Australian Institute of Automo-tive Engineers, in the building up ofwhich he took n prominent pert. andof which he was
president in 1937-88,Last December at the request of, , M . L. J’. I-I tt.win. Michell, or “l‘l00il” Fame Most successful unit of its kind everinvented. possessing the importantfactor of weight reduction per horse-power. and of
economy in space so es-sential bo cars. armored vehicles.airplanes. and small water craft. thecrankless engine. Mr. Code considers,will revolutionise automotive engineer-ing of the future.‘To me. as a.youngster." says Al-
fred Code, "it was the best training Icould‘have he/d. I don't think I haveyet recovered from my early hero-worship.”Incidentally, from his otce in theVachum Co.’s suite in Melbourn%uAl-trod Code can look across to the
ild~lug in which he rst commenced workas assistant ta Michell. and in whichhe was associated with him in thedesigning of machinery for N.S;‘W.Government Railways. and for theVictorian State Electricity Commie-sion,
particularly in connection withthe big Klewa hydro-electric powerscheme. _ . l - \_ ,_,___‘ _._h_,.._.. . u on.Mr. Code got to-gether s. number of members of theinstitute of Automotive Engineers, andformed them into a
machine-gun car-rier maintenance panel, of which hewas chairman. which took charge ofthe production of data and mainten-lainco material for machine-gun car-ers.Ultimately, this panel will be con-cerned with similar
research in con-nection with the production of arm-ored fighting vehicles. Since the be-ginning of May it has been known esthe4Automotlve Engineering Panel.Alfred Code’s present appointmentwas prefaced by his
selection lastFebruary as joint technical consult-ant to the Director of Ordnance Pro-duction (Mlnistry of Munitions), and o.director of design (Department of theArmy) in connection with the produc-tion of cruiser tanks. '.
.llWHEN the rst Australian-made rolls oii the assembly line shortly, a conipera- \llI
. 5|’. e,~ MINISTRY o|= MUNITIONS 4_ /<_>"> RFQFNFP ¥<MINUTE JQAPER 1s .|uu94|“up” , (Thl: alnh only to I rlttnn on) N .\ 1:, I Q-SUBIECT= MR. A.R. com: (_ "'( \_ K‘Z\,. “' J /I// \_ kt-\X \- ~N { o {J nu. July, 1941t o
‘Ii $'z/MEMORANDUM TO 2 Mr. Essington Lewis,DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF MUNITIONS.It is with pleasure I confirm the equest of theArmy, i.e. that Mr. Code, as Controller of Armoured ghting Vehiclescontacts the Army
direct. ',I think this is a very adinirable procedure, andI shall be taking Mr. Code around to visiVt‘Maj0r-General Northcott,and asking whenever desirable that Mr. Code makes direct contact withhim and vice versa. ~Mr.
Code has new studied important files connect-ed with Armoured Fighting Vehicles and has met the men in thatSection. We went over the new building yesterday morning, and I havenow left it entirely in Mr. Code's hands to
put forward his own ideasof organisation procedure and the way in which he would like to handlethis important Section.I wish to assure you that Mr. Code will be givenevery possible support and he will he encouraged to
create a strongand effective unit within the Ministry of Munitions.L.J% Hertnett,Director of Ordnance Production
‘I ,4»//J’Q"151:1 July, 1041.Iajorbéon. J’. Iortlwott,Iaparial General sear,lhmtralim Boctlon)tray Headquarters,Salb 5-9-1-Doar Qonoral,l@@.. Ea:-saith 1a a copy or a nuorandun todayaddruaod to the Director at Ordnmoa
Production(Ir. 1-. J. Hart-natt) m connotation -1:1» the doairo or cmany to have the right to contact llr. A. B. Coda, Controllorot tho Armoured Fighting Yohieloa Section.Ioura sincerely,heloaux-0:
iF .u 1 ,1, MINISTRY OF MUNITIONSé “ M MINUTE P PER 5’' ‘ A4:10-40 1 ~ if‘. V “Mg GC‘(|./ SUBJECT = mnuunmn FIGHTING vmucnts.L. J. Hartnett Esq.,DIREQIOE QE QEQEAQQE PBQQUQIIONConfirming our
conversation this afternoon reA.F.V. organisation, it is the desire of the Army that theyshould have the right to contact Mr. Code, direct, asController of the Armoured Fighting Vehicles Section, andI understand this is
agreeable to you./5 l-\_/ L¢C-*/*—--' -Director-Gene al of munitions.15/7/1941.Cc. Maj.-Gen.Northcottduo. /\{}u’
\0COPY.IINISTRY OF IUIIIT OII 8IIIUTESUBJECT: A.F.V- DESIGN AND IHSPECTIOI.DIRECTOR OF OHDHAICE YRODUCTIOR.Herelith I eend you e copy or theundermentioned oorreepondence:Leter of lith July
received oy 2 frn Ir. A. R. Code.IIemo.LetterEnclosures.sent to Vacuum 011 Oo.Pty.Ltd.12th July received " " from lr.C.K.Ganb1eof Vaceun 011 Co.14th July eent “ ' to Ir. C. K. Gamble.14th July received by le from leJ.-
Gen.J.Iorthcott-I I to I I I14th July lent14th July ' ' " " Iinieter forIunitione.14th July " " " " I. A. R. Code.(Signed) Eeeington LevieDirector-General or lunitione.15/'1/41 .
um July, 1941.An no Codi “Q0,Vacuum 011 Co. Pty. Ltd,Port Authority Building,29 larket Street,QE-Dear Ir. Coda,Thank you tor writing to me o 11th Julyaxpressing your uillingnaas to accept tha position nnntioncdin our
discussion o 10th July, at a salary of £1,500per annun.I have boon in communication with the Chairmanof the Vacuum Oil Company and axpraased to his our appreciationof their action in relaaaing you to take up tna
dutiaaabout which In spoke.Iourl aicorely,(Diractor-Gcncral or Iuitiona)?.S. would you kindly arrange with Hr. Kartnettas to when you will commence your new duties.
COPY14111 July, 1941.C.K. Gamble Esq.,Chairlan and Managing Director,Vacuum Oil Company Pty, Ltd,larket Street, - C-1-Dear Sir,Thank you for your letter of 12th July, togetherwith a copy of your communication of the
same date toMr. L. J. hartnett, our Director of Ordnance Production,intimating that your Company is entirely willing to makeavailable the services of Hr. Code to the Ministry ofMunitions to take over certain work which we
have inmind for him.I can fully appreciate that the temorary leisof the services of Mr. Code muat occasion considerableinconvenience to your organisation and we are all the mograteful for your very prompt and gracious
acquiscenccto our request.Yours faithfully,Bgd. ESSINGTUN LEWIS.Director-General or lunitiona.P8
1 "z~16¢! July, 1911,*1‘!-QIQPII Jo I'PQl§“;Ilperiel Oenerel lteti’,Amy Ieedqnertere,Yieterie Ierreeke,i 5-15-1-Dear hnerel,Add-..IIH'-9!hunk you tee your letter at 14:21 2017 ,intiaeting that, engeet to the
£011OI1.hi;1@8l’lI10I,the note: in connec an with our éieeuu on theebeweutter ere agreed upon :Paragraph 8 - letere iepeeiticetion iaeert ‘Generalsum. -Peregreph 9 - Delete "Deputy".~\I have made theee alterations and
attached ina eopy of the revised arrangement.In can dieeueeioa I suggested to you that wewere considering the nutter from the viewpoint of retainingthe new omanieetien in the Urdaence Production mteeterate. ;This has
now been an-eager! um therefore, the nel appointee,Ir. A. R. Code, will be the Controller or the nee -ArmouredEightmg Vehicles 8eet1oa under the Directorate 0!‘ rdnaneeFrozluction. ‘Ina new Departnent however in to be
en entirelyseparate body and Ir. Cede will devete {lineal} exelueivelyto true subject.Ion:-e sincerely,\ 41__ A i_ _ “iii
COP!)Imperil§8G:neral Start, /lgAra a quartereaictorie Barrack:nnmounnz, §.c.1.14m July, 1941.Dear Ir. Lewis,AaIi1i_95QA!I§AIl9!I have to acknowledge receipt of yourmemorandum dated llth July, 1941. forwarding your
note!in connection with our discussion on the question of thenew A.F¢Y. organisation-I am pleased to confirm that the arrangementses set out in your notee are agreed upon with theexgeption or two small alterations which
I suggest elto lowe I-Paragraph 5 - betore "Specifications" insert'5eneral Staff"Paragraph 9 - delete "Deputy."Subject to these minor amendments theproposed new organisation will be acceptable to the Chiefof the General
Staff.Yours sincerely,(Signed) J. NORTHCOTTBssington Lewis Esq.,Director-General of Munitions,Einistry of Munitions,83 William Street,EEEQEBEQ~ 4| w I
\\§/I ' E)/_ fl»-4/S ‘ /_ . . . u,152% »--“”””~»»*“”"*’f:%‘” *7‘; 5 7 ¢/ '$*‘~%L-~@,¢»#~» _ . “‘,2“*“""“”’/T /1,ALLA‘, _., _ wvvL/MW“ ‘M ‘£5, $71I-tth July, 1943»Ieiore-Generel J’. Iorttmott,Imperial Gdmrel ltett,Arly
Ioedquertere,Victoria Berreoke,HEEL 8-°-1~Deer General,hLkWi1 .Honoring on our oouvereeoa this afternoon on theelsove matter, I eppen eene notes inlet I trust I111 cove: theimplementation of the tel Armoured ghting
Yehiolee Section.I shell be glad of your eonrnetion at ue tailoring eeia outthe an-augment end that you ere agreeable to it.1. ‘ am;-; b:.;::1np e nope:-ate oruaieetioa onradar 3 el tick ergeaie ti I111 bumun the gun:-y of In-
1:10». . N Q2. This Head or the organisation elull be in charge ofdesign and production of A.F.Y'l.5 53. The Arm I111 ieeae the/1ep'ee1f1oet:I.one.4. more will be one Design Section enbrecing both beenand detail design.5.
The Heed or the organisation I111, at the outset, tekewith his from the rdnemoe Proéwction Directorate, all themen when he may require tron this Directorate and rho have leaengaged on A.F.\"s.6. The pereonnel or the
Denim Section should conaiet ofthe present Military Design Section (A.1'.V.) and theProduotioa Dreughteuea, reinforced by other personnel, eanecoeeery. this notion will be e joint llilitery 01111 EeoilonThe Iilitary
pereoemel will be seconded to the AJJ. Preieet.7. The Heed of m Deli‘! 501315102. I111 DO Colonel. I.D»II§IQ‘8. ‘me Deeign Section I111 be pert of the AJQV. eeteblilwneat mder the Iced of ihet eotebliel-meat.9. Both the
lead of me A.F.V. . oloaol Iltlon 31.1.1 BIOthe right or direct eeoeee we the u (hie! d Eeaerel lief!10. there I111 be e lrenoh or the Inspection Be rtlee Ileneeetivitiee I111 be confined to 1.15.7. vehicles. :0 1110* hcharge or
this oeetiahebo I111 be knot ea the lo! Iaeieeor AJJH, will have reot onnteet nth the la-$::t-Omel.of Iunitione. Be I111 be eilloernei only nth Ad’, e em! I111niilein the $105081 touch Il QC Itld of 1.?-Yohave sincerely, ,2
001»! ncuuu uu. oommwx 1>n.un.um.Botm1\IE.12:11 July, 1941.Hr. Essington Lewis,Director-General of munitions,Western House,85 Iilliam Street,IELBUURNE.Dear Sir,I have already received from Hr. L. J. Hartnetta
request similar to that contained in your note of the 11thJuly that the services of Ir. A. R. Code be released to yourDepartment.I an attaching a copy of my reply to ur. Hartnettfrom which you will see that we have agreed to
releaseIr. Code to take over the work you have in mind for himin your Department.Truly yours,Bgd. C. K. GAMLE.Attach.
conz Kllth July, 1941.Ir. L. J. Hartnett,Director of Ordnance Production,Ordnance Production nirectorate,Royal Insurance Building,414 Collins Street,IELBOURNE.Dear Hr. Bartnett,Under the circumstances covered in your
letter of11th July, my Company is entirely willing for Ir. Code'sname to be submitted for the position you have in mind.I must admit to some regret that you found itnecessary to ask us to release Mr. Code,for the work he
isdoing with us is of a very essential character and 1 do notknow how we will replace him. However, we do not proposeto stand in the way of a move which you feel to be ofnational significance and, therefore, Hr. Code will
bemade available to you if the appointment you have in mindeventuates.Thank you very much for your kind wishes inregard to my trip to the United States.Iith best wishes,Sincerely yours,Bgd. C. I. GAMBLE.
COP!-llth July, 1941.The Directors,Vaeul 011 Conpany Pty. Ltd.,Port Authority Building,89 Iarket Street,Hl; C-1~Dear Sire,We nay be requiring the lervioee ofIr. A. R. Code on Iunitiona work and in this connection,I have
already had a diaculelon with Ir. Code to lee ifhe is willing to aaeiet us.He has informed no that he 1| agreeable tohelp us, subject of course, to satisfactory arrangement!being made with your Colany.Ie would hope to have
his aleiltenoe for theduration of the wnr and I should appreciate it very Iuohif you would let II know if you can spare Ir. Code‘!service! to help in our munitions effort.Iours faithfully,(Director-General of lunitionl)_ L
co?! ucuuu on. colmmr PTLLID.29 Market Street,umsoumm.11th July, 1941.Mr. lssiagton Lelia,Directo eneral of Innitions,Iestern House111111“ streei,IILBOUHNE.Dear Kr. LeliltIn reference to the subject of our
disculsionyesterday afternoon, I should like to say that I amwilling to accept the position in the Munitions Grgenilationmentioned at a salary of £1,500 per ennum.My company has agreed to release me for the durationof the
war and I am sure the Directors of the Company wouldappreciate a letter from you making an official applicationfor my services.I shall be ready to start my duties on Wednesday16th July or Monday the l4th July if
necessary.Yours faithfully,A.R.CODE. (Bigned)
fjLU£/L/ (7[7[4l.).411 15, 1940. Woodward brought in specifically to help on éraL/Tank Project. .July 18, 1940. He contacted D. of Mech., Design Section, andwas told that he was ten days too soon; drawings of the
Tankthen being designed would be completed approximately Augustlet, 1940.Woodward then turned his attention to the Machine Gun Carrier,L.P. No. l. His investigations revealed that the design was lunsatisfactory; but it
was not untilSeptember 16th, 1940 that trials conducted at Broadmeadowsfinally convinced the Army that the design 155 unsatisfactory.During the foregoing period, Woodward made constant inquiriesregarding the Tank,
requesting (a) drawings, and (b) specifications.On October 22ndIl940, Mr. Hartnett produced a "Questionnaire toMilitary Authorities on Tanks best suited to Australian conditions."On November 29th, a Meeting was held at
Victoria Barracks on thesubject of General Staff Specification for Cruiser Tank.December 17th, General Staff Specification for Cruiser Tank wasissued.Immediately following this, a conference took place between
Mr.Essington Lewis, General Sturdee, and Mr. Hartnett.During December an Organization Chart was prepared, and arrange-ments for building at Fisherman's Bend were initiated.Col Watson arrivedOn December 21st . .On
December 28th the Organization Chart was discussed with Col.Watson. .January Srd, 1941, Premises were taken at 10 Queen Street for_ ‘IJoint A.F.V. Group , c /W ’“k¢q,,.¢9;¢L9 > ,,,'~_ §}?; (1' Bnziag Februaryqa Timing
Chart was prepared by the Production" ”Engineer. ,,_] ;,='. /3f; V,_ , . 1\ x‘ -' <7~ .’ ' J ( /1 1 r .' ’.» /J ‘ “ 'KQ. A I , 1,7 91?//, E;;_[k// \ If ’’ “Tiff I .’ l . z 1 .//8 . , ,\. ,1_,4 ." 1- . , ' /’ ) ' '4 I. /‘ ‘E} Q /9, - , _~'< »~ . ‘.11 (.-'8 ;/‘Q 1_.. _
J ;- (1 '
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ltd :ax:'1‘"»nrYu I-~'~';1'~ _\;-4 iwewaqaqq 21'--" d"mr1‘i;~ ;l,11I§!'l‘§¥ 2 "¢~ten":da“i gaiaqii_ /-, .“ ' - ‘ A -'xeen.t3nI='_.\', ",»~‘._ ___~_ .‘ ,‘ ‘ ‘ _ ‘ * 1,1'4=,';\ __ ,... '- ‘ ' \-i j<’ r i-Md r fr,‘ F,
’ . .' I ¢-_",~Z‘y _\v a M Q11, -a.=OHM“? \’ ea my. ion.1. 1<> Ions cs us: nswacrug '"‘tho nnntaotnro of any najor iton or srasnont snoh as a tankinvoivos gm-inariiy two !oatoros|-(a) A prooiso statmnt or what tho nit is to do
and anyspooial toaturos that not ho insorporotod.(D) anhsoqnont stops to got this typo ot wit nanntooturodin mgr? gith tho porrorsanoo and sposisl toatnros laid0‘ I» s‘tho iohiivsnont 3 toll dsvolopnant and mdxation ds:.a:ds
aooap ob vs prof-s—s so-spun prooi ovorby Q: 1-.lm§§:1 author sod to diotato thronont tho wholorangs or aotion inwolvod. It is thns that indnstry ashiowosits ohjoot today and in no othor nnnor.an attaopt at sstahlishing an
arbitrary lino or divisiqbolwoc dstsil dosiga and wodnotisn planning is ntirolzartitioisl and absont in any nodorn sot-up. Dosip no toin aooordanoo with tho oorroot applisd noohonios inwolvod,and also port-oz ondianitod to,
tho nothods st production;oonvorsol , tho yuroiy prodnotic: aspoot will inovitahly ssdrastioalxy intlnlzoo dosiga.Tho dovslopnntal phasos to tho point ot prodnotion roquirosohoduling with tho sans oars tollow up as that
dirostsdto any prodnstion programs. as a oorollorhrthorotoro, thopoint at hgioh prodnottos oomonozd will ho goly dotorninodby tho w o oo-ordina timing lanning throuja oworsts s oi‘ dosip onporinontal lppr0VLlg tion
planningsndgprodnotion.,'and not by pa;-t or this £1524‘,Two distinct approaohos to dotail dosign aro possihlo -(a) as appliosblo to Jobbing work only, i.o., ons or two ott(h) As applioahlo to quantity produotim.It is to tho
iattor only that rots:-onoo is lads, booauso dssipnthan takos s particular and poouliar aspoot hooanso or tho‘Tooling, llaohins Tool and Gangs problona that sro involwod, hattho lattor aro also tho basis or tho prodnotion p ,
thoro-toro, dotsil dosip and production planning aro v y asinglo longuags and oosnot ho dittorontiatod. Tho dittoronoobotwom dosiping and planning tor a tow, as distinct tron thomany, is so prononnood as to hawo
dovolopod s toohniqno for tholat or that boars no rosonhlanoo to tsohniquo tor tho rornor.A roviow or alnost rooont llilitsry o ynsnt, or tho soi-tioations that rols.=,thoroto, i.o., whooqg, tyros, goar gxssand varions othor
noohsni-s, dcnstrato tho oxtont to whiohsuch oqnizrnt has oonsoionsly or moonsoiously boon dosipodlsrgoly Antonotivo lnginsoring. ‘this has as its gsnosisti; mtor gar, itsdhosi:dot ogazglrog in haorrornnoo, o‘s ongth, o , an
sps . oa snovorroothor than go‘ din-got toohniqno or tho Autogtivo hginooz-2::and still ronains unohallmgod and within this sphoro.In omolnsion a final oontontion is hold that hasio dosigo withs tnll dotinition or tho taotors of
portoraanoo, any poonliarroqnironsnts, and so on, should to handsd to industry for tholattor to oonolndo dosifs and attain prodnotion in satisfactionor tho noods ot tho has o 1-oqnirQonts. It is also boliovodthis attoinnont
should ho oonsistnt with slut industry alroadydoos, and that holow tho first lino or authority thou-o shouldbo nothing but oivilian status. Dosipa cannot to snhjoot to anytho than tionalo r ra tsotors; soniori or oh :os hoing
ahsont whorovor roal aohigzint :.:’o:ouounto1-ad in
'1In addition, ell such achievement ie e eumetion of precil jonof thought, precision of design end planning, precision withinproduction and preeilion of the tcole for production to checkte prcgreee. Thil demands end in modern
practice gets etingle authority. - ‘Artificial barriers of any description can have but one effect onindustry, i.e., its disorganieetion end e clawing up. Ie believethat to some extent the position of the GALA. ie not withoutcertain
aapeote in this regard. We would emphaeiee the word"Adviser" i.e., one who edviees, but actually the scope of~theG.1l.A. embraces two important functions which ere operativeand not advisory at all, i.o., Detail Design and
Army Inspection.If, however, the functions of the GALA. were epeeifioellyadvisory and nothing else e greet deal of benef t could resulttherefrom. At the monent, however, this piece of organisationis in itself o contradiction in
terns end certainly doee notfulfill an adequate task but rather adde to confusion.yFP_AIYT'T ‘S. D"*'TY'.
.5 \\¥.€€*'®q0,\' /1-M 5’_ 91//“1>.s~‘h q m\,\_ '~>‘~ Q> A==.ECRET I1 AWwm M - 1 JUL 1541The secretary,Doparhnent or Munitionn,65 '-.vi.11.1am streetm:1.aotmm=:, c.i.PROVISION OF 'H-\NK EQUIHJENT AND
PERSONNEL-Herowith is forwarded copy of Minute No. (1169)recording the decision of War cabinet in relation to theabovementionod aubjoot. The conference will be held at8.15 p.m. on Tuesday‘, 8th July, in the~War
Cabinet room.COPY FOP! WTRECTOR-GENERAL OF‘ MUNITIONS.. _, »--_--1 I,,_f,./ Secretary.
(~ 521 ¢@¢»‘my /-‘Q’ /Q3’ _1 j I\'?-‘.'T'- F"! 5.»??? .'Y"'T.1' l9»’!{L=,.r:,2=<:.1‘= ~e»'-;_..A.y,.;.:;;.1-:=:;:;-.é,.=...._. F1?-‘-i‘P1 E%;’P.??.EZ\.*"?¢N1" ~:.-:1» 1‘-:3 .=s¢;‘--.?.*~""m;1 NO. 153/1%: ;P'.i;UV3'F'"I an 0:" "..m:1v‘ mj '
M‘ ANT; PER%ONNEL°LFr._.-“-. .f:-.1»-=.-..The Minister for phe Army '"t1i:ad the situationregar“ing the provislcn cf tanks and fcxaation and trainingof the AIm0u?0i Diwision n5 y;n out ggendmu,P’:1 (?Y‘-V0('9 Cu
3‘J(D$12% Afif iiscusalon; it was decided that the PrimeMinister mn ne M;niste;a fat the Army and Tuninicns shwmldconfer an the questian of des;gn and production sf tanks,inziqéigg the allaraicn if rznpcneibility far design"
Thaappr:pr ' 1 Departmental advisers are ts at and the ConferencesW’ J51 n,(PC36 The discussisn so included queetions of thecumx. aii ratscngal Q? T _ rouze 3i1isiap=‘,1!P‘-»5 m3 wQ...-. ‘K v- £1 =, .v. - I 4 /'\~~
,»\v2:v1?i9i Ir=w C=*“..;..,__;.';;. um‘ ,....,".*'__--.:L;"J 4
II* nos/100~ - " B1-n-_=1=-Ac mo =nu¢LQINISTRY OF IIUNITIONS. é-» LNEW SOUTH WALES BOARD OF AREA MANAG-EMENT,_ zto _ /oIIIMORANDUM , ‘BSupervising Engineer, . . _ .Ordnance Pro"duction.“_;‘ ,
;, _ " _.' u -@¢oam;1mm@~m1<.+n szt'n'Ion,_“ _ JIn view of the large quantity of orders which areto be handled by the Annoured Fighting Section, it isessential that a self-contained organisation be built up tocontrol same..-
For the Carrier Project this Board is the IajorCo-Ordineting Contractor;-1For the Tank Project the Board must act in con-junction with the llajor Co-Crdinating Contractors.We suggest; therefore, that one person should
beresponsible and able to direct his energies solely to theorganisation of the A.F.V. Section. '1'his person, to conmandrecognition from Contractors, should have a title morebefitting than Assistant Engineer. He should,
moreover, beentrusted with the‘si'gn'ing'of letters relative to A.F.V.Section, leaving it to his discretion to forward them forsighting hy the Chainnan or yourself.It will be readily admitted that the projectsunder the direction of
the A.F.V. Section represent a _considerable financial outlay and we deem a more concentratedsystem of working essential if production is to run smoothly.The following projects are mooted concurrentlyunder the
Armoured Fighting Vehicles Section :s1eo,ooossoo ,ooo£200 ,ooo£95,0001. Carrier M.G.L.P. No.2 (at Fords)2. cruiser rm A.C.I.3. Cruiser Tank A.C, 2.4. Carrier Spares, Schedule S.C.I.5. " " " S.C.2.6. n u u
8.0.5.RwshEstimateofExpendi-- ‘? ture per‘P month.The projects controlled ‘by the A.F.V. Sectionapproximate the expenditure of £1,000 ,000 per month and it isour considered opinion that a stage has been reached
wheredetailed organisation is essential.Lack of materials, misleading statements by manu-facturers, inadequate jigging, uneconomic placing of parts,inadequate predictive records, failure to anticipate scope ofthe project
and a lack of co-ordination between Munitions andArmy Inspection Representatives have all contributed todelays in the M.G.L.P. No.2 project as controlled by otherStates. In N.S.W. we are fortunate to have had these
lessonsvery forcibly impressed upon us.So as to avoid a repetition of interstate mistakeswe attach hereto set-up of staff required. '1'his is a _submission only and suggestions by your goodseZL1.’ would ‘begratefully
accepted. The staff total as set out is 24 (cf.26 for G.M.I-I. on the 24 Pdr. Gun alone). We suggest that theselection of Officers be the responsibility of this Section.~ I'{§NZ€%%~ M‘ “f: #4. meqww, M WWW’ % "" "*4PK
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ORDNANCE PRODUCTION.' EOPLE,_i.> _ - ~ , _ _ _,_..__ _ A _ _ _, ’ PRODUGIICU MANAGER — A.F.V. SECTION(I-I.H.RDBINSOl\')PRODUUIION ENGINEER — A.F.V. $E(?.l‘ICl‘1(F.A.J CLOSE )SUPERVISING
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you.Diroetor-Gcnonl or Imitxeulho.
W»! s’MINUTE PAPER. Q ,';\~»®S '7'?MINISTRY OF MUNITIONS. ['1 _SUBJECT: ARMOURED FIGHTING VEHICLES _ r/' Q,‘,.M65.‘ (This side only to he written on.) , A, " E ‘i V )<57s E c R E '1' F 4 /1 /14*) ‘l@.l\‘-5 vI "
' _, I //g t I ,4}:-~,,. rd July, 1941" pr.-’ -, ,4MEMORANDUM TO = A Mr. Eesington Lewis, ‘ 1“ / ~ /*' nmncrgn-cmmm or mmroms. ‘é_m\*K \ .,Implementing my previous letter to you on the subject ofre-organising the
Armoured Fighting Vehicle Section of this Directorate,I, personally, have worked on the A.C.2 Tank with s everal of the men en-gaged on this work for the lest two weeks, and am more than ever con-vinced that we should
face up to the problem and institute an organisa-tion which will be sound and can effectively carry out the work.The amount of money to be expended in the manufacture ofTanks and other armoured fighting vehicles,
together with the growingdaily need for this equipment, and the importnt part that it is playingin modern war-fare, in my opinion, demands a well defined unit but inter-related with existing technical facilities in Ordnance
Production, wherethey can be of common service to both.For all specialised and technical work which is peculiar toArmoured Fighting vehicles, the organisation would be self-contained andinter-related under the one unit of
organisation but where a number ofphases of the work are common to Ordnance Production, such as Progress,which handles all schedules and Production Statistical data, and InternalShop Inspection Practice, which is a
service extended to all manufactur-ers by officers of this Directorate through the medium of technicalbulletins, outlining methods that could ‘be usefully adopted for certainproduction problems - similar functions could be
utilised by the AnnouredFighting Vehicle Section equally as well as by Ordnance Production, andthis would mean making the best use of the limited number of technical57/men available and would avoid duplication which is
upsetting to contractors.In December 1940, I put forward a treatise and suggestionsfor organisation on this work, which was not accepted by the Army and com-promises were effected in its place. This compromise
organisationarranganent, as between the Army and ourselves, possibly could be made towork if all the men engaged on it happened to fit in closely with oneanother as personalities and showed a great amount of co-
operation; how-Aever this would be a rare position and therefore I feel we should nottake any more risks in compromising.The under-mentioned steps constituting the work that has tobe done, should be treated as follows
=l. The Army General Staff to determine in broad terms the types ofArmoured Fighting Vehicles required.Probable quanti tie s .Z. This general requirement is then passed to the Armoured FightingVehicle Section of the
Ministry of Munitions, in which there arethe following functions ;(2) Military Basic Design which translates the general statusand broad requirement into something more technical andtangible, giving enphasis to armour and
armaments; fightingcharacteristics and military performance.». __ __ _ r_ _
20Also keeps very well posted on developments overseas,having direct liaison with Technical officers in England,United States and Canada, so that there is a constant flowindicating forward thinking and intentions for
executionof design work in overseas countries.(b) This Military basic design is then passed to a ChiefEngineer who has a section of Design engineers and seniordraughtsmen who develop layouts, general arranganents
andmechanical methods of interpreting the basic design re-quirenents.(5) It is essential even at this stage that manufacturers in AustraliaProduction engineers on our staff and advisers from the Directorateof Machine Tools,
when required, influence this designing andengineering work-(4) It is important, and I desire to emphasise that we must producedesigns which are the easiest to manufacture in Australia fromthe facilities which we know
exist, and where there is capacity;also to employ the raw materials whiohwe know can be procured.(5) There is a definite obligation in this phase of the work to bringforward potential manufacturers and contractors so that
they cangive their suggestion at the outset rather than having drawingsand designs finally released to them which do not suit theirmethods and facilities.(6) Progressively, as these designs and lay-outs are finalised, de-
tailed design is undertaken and at the same time the ProductionEngineers plan with contractors the methods of production.(7) This same group makes known to the Director of Machine Tools in theearliest stage possible,
the likely requirements of special equip-ment, machine tcols, jigs, fixtures, cutters and the like so thatno time is lost waiting for contractors to become organised, andthis enables the Director of Machine Tools to arrange
forcapacity to procure the requiranents.(8) The Progress Division of the Central organisation then can haveits own representatives in the A.F.V. Division complete regularand daily information affecting raw mater-ials,which
requirementsare placed with the Director of Materials Supply, and can alsoarrange for importation of components and equipment not possibleto manufacture in Australia such as Ball and roller Bearings,Optical Glass and
possibly engines, etc.(9) Finally the Progress Division releases the orders through theController of Production and Statistics to the Boards of AreaManagement in the same way as is done with other projects whichare
handled now.Needless to say, preparatory to this last phase beingreached, the Production Engineers and Progress Division have beenworking with Boards of Area Managanent and potential contractorsto find the most
suitable firms to undertake the work.Such an organisation as is suggested would becomplete unto itself and compact. Considerable time would be savedbecause so many steps would be running concurrently one with the
otherwizin the same organisation.
\ f 5. I vI am hopeful that this matter will come up for discussionin the near future and in the meantime would appreciate your forward- 'ing a copy of this letter to the Minister.There are going; to be many new types for local
manufactureunder the heading of armoured fighting vehicles and the additional units,together with tanks and machine gun carriers, will represent a largeunit of organising and work, therefore it is strongly recommended
thatthe new building about to be completed at Fisherman's Bend, andoriginally intended for this work, is kept exclusively for ArmouredFighting Vehicles.Ae a general indication, this A.F.V. programme can easilyrepresent an
expenditure over the next few years of £20,000, O00 and assuch, more thanwarrants a first-class organisation.L . J HartnettIDirector of Ordnance Production
:\\akaii.eg--__‘$.._,_s1/\_/inTELEP : M soul. \\-'4 » ' 1'g\.:p::lr::|c ADDR!SS: “SUPDBI" ME|.BOURME. ;_ 3- ’ k ‘cc ’ €‘ a!" ‘. J‘ 1,-gas ~ - U i‘R¥“~¢ ' ' l\ ‘ \\ w A“ gCOMMQNWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. / @“‘ la: ‘~MINISTRY OF
MUNITIONS.\ “Western Home"/“ 83 Willimn Strecl,Melboume, C.|.(K) In reply quote No.23rd June, 1941MEMORANDUM T0 : Mr. Essington Lewis,DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF MUNITIOFIS.EXTENSION QF ORGAE
ISATIONI refer to my recent memorandum to you on thequestion of extending and amplifying the organisation for whichI am responsible to handle the many projects, with particularemphasis on Armoured Fighting
Vehicles.As you are aware, in June 1940, at the time ofmy appcinhnant as Director of Ordnance Production, the items comingunder my control amounted to GUNS and PISTOLS-Subsequently, about September 1940, a
largenumber of itans were added under the heading cf Engineers‘ TechnicalStores and Requiranents. Yet again, about October, was addedOptical Munitions which included a wide range of Instruments and alsoOptical
equipment for machine tools.Also added were Machine Gun Carriers, Tanks andsimilar vehicles under the heading of Armoured Fighting Vehicles.This term to include all vehicles in Class A. Military category oras described
: "those motor vehicles not normally procurable fromindustry or through conmercial channels".‘ There has been organised an effective groupwithin the Ordnance Production Directorate, under the heading ofProgress,
Production, Engineering, Inspection Liaison and manyother sub-sections under the general headings of EngineeringTechnical, Progress and Administration.With the quantities, number of items and widevariety that now
comes under my Directorate, I recommend that a re-organisation is instituted, breaking the work dcwn into three majorheadings -(a) Armoured Fighting Vehicles(b) Ordnance Production, and(c) Central Group covering
Progress, EngineeringTechnical Services. coupled withIndustrial Development and alsoAdministration._ Attached to this mqnorandum is a suggestedOrganisation Chart which I believe could effectively take care ofthe work.‘
‘ Iv y‘ i’ ’1/__ Al
fl Y\..~ //l 6O‘O2.I wish to emphasise the great difficulty in obtainingskilled and experienced personnel, and the endeavour is to conserveto the maximum the men we have or can get in the future and there-fore the Central
Group render aid and carry out certain phases ofthe work common to Ordnance Production and Armoured FightingVehicle production»I wish to emphasise particularly the creation andorganisation of an Armoured Fighting
Vehicle Directorate. I amabsolutely convinced that the suggestions we put forward in the wayof organisation last December must be followed if we are to get theresults so badly needed, i.e. the quickest possible production
ofsuitable Tanks in quantities.As far as I can gather, in other countries where Tanksare being manufactured the design is modified and adapted to preserve,on the one hand, effective fighting qualities but of paramount
import-ance, that the tank can be manufactured according to the availableproduction facilities and practices within the country, and also touse the available materials.I particularly request that this section of theDirectorate is
established to completely embrace all phases of thetank manufacture and design.In my opinion, it is not practicable to draw a line andseparate between a Military Drawing Office and a manufacturing orproduction Drawing
Office.You will notice under the Section in the OrganisationChart suggested is a "Military Requirement or Design Engineer", whodeals with the basic design, the fighting effectiveness and militaryrequirement of the tank.This
function is co-crdinated with the "ManufacturingDesign Engineer", who has executed on the Drawing Board designswhich are practicable and the most suitable for industry to masterand produce.The "Manufacturing Design
Engineer" in turn isinfluenced by the Production Engineer who visualises and plans theways and means by which to produce.There may be a tendency to avoid bringing into the oneDirectorate Military officers under the
heading of "Military DesignEngineer" and also "Chief A.F.V. Inspector", but since the smoothoperation and ultimate performance is of such importance, I wouldsincerely request that this is not looked upon as a
difficulty,since with the right men, properly cc-ordinated, I feel confidentthat they can function effectively._ In drawing up_the Organisation Chart, I have taken theliberty of placing myself in a position to co-ordinate the
threemajor groups, although finding it difficult to select a suitabletitle to express that function.L.J‘.,¢%a‘rtnett,Dir ctor of Ordnance ProductionAtt = l__ - \l.
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t)1MINISTRY or Muumous la 4~e’4~**/”‘1v', Q‘ MINUTE PAPER /{I513"-49 1‘ (Thin sldc only to be written on)SUBJECT =U\1I" »- -~ ._. .* 20th June, 1941.Memorandum to : Mr. L. J. Hartnett,- Director of Ordnance
Production.As mentioned to you previously, I am jotting down a fewbasic factors which I feel bear upon the War position today, I offerthese for what they are worth and not with any specific intention ino nq so.l. Industry and
its methods today constitute the very muscles andsinews of the War; being also the prime activating metabolismthat sustains it. To be supremely effective Industry must not onlypenetrate things Military, but must actually
diffuse into them itstalent and objectiveness, even to domination in certain aspects.Something of this was demonstrated in the last War when Monash and theEngineering crew he took with him finally handled the whole
business.2. It is clear that the intense organisation characteristic of modernmass production has been, and is being, extended by Hitler in thebusiness of the control of the Qtate, as well as the Army and Industry.Imaginative
thorough planning allied with effective execution andscheduling, resulting in attainment, have been the outstandingly notice-able features of his methods which "re characteristic of the Industrialapproach.5. Here in Australia,
as in other countries, one of the most outstand-ing and important functions within the Army must now be its directlinkage and representation with Industry. The qualifications demandmen of unusually high calibre, intimately
acquainted with and experiencedin the methods of quantity production, and who know its language and areclothed with ample authority. Actually, if such men of industry wereplaced in the Army,they would be capable of
collaborating with Industry,making decisions, acting promptly with the objective of merely providingeiuipment, whatever its shape or size, consistent with what the Armyrequires.I suggest that up to date there has been a total
lack of perspectiveof this important and vital need on the part of the Army, nor is thereany sign of an adequate setup to function in such a manner.4. A review of almost any Military equipment at the moment revealsthat
apart from the factors peculiar to Military design, such asGun pieces, this equipment, with wheels, tyres and almost anywxher partis characterised by the extraordinary influence of Automotive Designand Practice which has
been brought to bear. Even the material speci-fication for Gun Tubes have been similarly concerned, which means thatthe design of Military equipment has largely passed into the hands ofthe lutomotive Engineer, because
of his extraordinary lead in almostall things based upon excellence of performance, strength, longevity,speed and so on. It provides an unanswerable reason why, at this time,Design by the Army should be_limited*to a
statement of basic needs,while intemretatlml Qf_t1iis.. T»_9_g§tl1e_r with,_t_h.e deta1l_des1sg,a9_com¥%%y-gnsmdgumwgwldmgmwfmm“N;ELL_the ex@entipii;_o_~§__;§ustra1Lja, j_%1_{§__px>e5_1"S to
‘5é_th9i¥.§s2lr,.s2P?<>aahabroad. ““Such design bracketted with responsibility for actual production andsomething of (1) above could commence if a real 0bJ€CtlV6 view weretaken of the War, as we have now seen it. In
brief, 3 :t;€:%,tg:llset-up and functioning Industrial GrouP should be Charue
w— .. '. ~ .\ .entire responsibility of Design and production as against theArmy's needs. Army Inspection then merely becomes a ungtionfor testine within reduction g1j§L;a;§g;Q_nQintS 92¢ ofinsgectingithe ffnighed article
when_handed over syvthe manu-§§2.B§§£+:#mmH' Agi V W “5. As an Index to the degree of civilisation expressed orpracticed by the community, this.is fairly well specifiedby the amount of power used per head of
ponulation. Exactlythe same measure is equally applicable to the extent to whichthe strikine newer or offensive value of an Army may be expressed,i.e., in H.P. used per man. Extending the same principle, thedestructive
power would be measurable by the weight of explosivesused per man. I suggest that these are not merely idle thoughts,they are the basic stem&udsor"masurement which should be appliedas against simsr BX-Vahions of
the enemy.I believe that if such an analysis were taken out on a rough basiswe would be somewhat horrified of the results.. Assuming thisin any derree,we are back once again at the only correction possible,- the even
ereater expansion of industry instead of the Army tomeet the condition. $.¢>&7 _. F'R"~W¢ S. D QLEVControllerOrdnance Production Directorate.c.c. Vr. Essington LewisI _ _
Extract from a Memorandum addressed to the Director-General of Munitions by Mr. L. J. Hartnett, Directorof Ordnance Production, dated 17th June, 1941.MANUFACTURE OF MTLITARY TANKSIN
AUSTRALIAConsiderable progress has been made during the lastweek, and it is gratifying to see that several tech-nical men in this Directorate have shown exceptionalability and skill in translating the Army basic require-
ments into drawings for tank of type AC2.These men have worked consistently right through theweekends, holidays and very long hours, and there looksevery indication that we will have completed a design bythe end of
this week. ....There is a very apparent and urgent need for improving andclarifying organisation on all phases of this tank work,and I call your attention particularly to the work whichwe carried out in the Ordnance Production
Directorate inDecember 1940 when the entire subject was completely laidout, functional organisation drawn up; copy of whichchart I attach_to this memorandum.I strongly urge that far closer work must exist as
betweenArmy basic design and our sitting in at the time of detaildesign. Rather than discuss this at length I would preferto show you a typical example of the point under the headingof Turret Traverse Gear, whereby a few
days ago we receiveda set of drawings, detailed design of this mechanism wasextremely difficult to manufacture, yet the basis ideaappeared exceptionally sound.Taking the basic principles of this mechanism, in the
matterof two days we translated it into good production engineer-ing proposition which should be many times easier to manu-facture, and within the capacity of this country.As part of the organisation improvement I ask that
anAssistant Director of Ordnance Production in charge of tanksbe appointed, and I attach to this memorandum a list ofnames of men who I put forward as candidates, and ask youto review them and let me have your
selection.None of these men have been approached by me, but are putforward as a likely list. ....The organisation that I recommend would be to have theAssistant Director of Ordnance Production in charge of tanksas being
the executive head of the Tank Function, embracingwork as originally laid out on the chart made last December;being a senior officer on Ordnance Production Directoratehe would then have access and use of many
sections whichcould be common to all work being carried out in OrdnanceProduction Directorate. ....7%é'%2*/fa». K7/
vI LIST OF SUGGESTED MEN TO FILL POSITION OF ASSISTANTDIRECTOR OF ORDNANCE PRODUCTION IN CHARGE OF TANKSx Code A.R.Merrett F. T.Nolan J. A.1 Storey J.Shea F. J.Hook LionelBurnell John
G-‘ Harrison F. H.1 "i Goodman C.W.Holland R. A.Waddington R. H.Carroll J. I.1 Hunt Noel P.‘ Green GeorgeSmith VintonHolyman Capt. IvanLapthorne RichardJ’ :3». (‘,-D, x Mr. Code, Chief Engineer of Vacuum Oil Co.
Ltd., is ann Australian highly qualified Mechanical Engineer, andi as Chairman of Automotive Panel has shown excellenttechnical and administrative ability.None of these men have been in any way approached by me.\ -" IQ
/w
 for' ‘I’-'3.‘-TlO 4 );|l|;.1;._\¢ afi 9’;‘.-Q.-..~'- if, 1"-.,. '1 4 ', —,' _\~»*.f ."!.-1) A 1 ,- .. \2' yum; -",54/COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.DEPARTMENT OF SUPPLY AND DEVELOPMT,(0AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION
COMMISSION,--wan-can muss."u vv||.|.uu.s a1'm::1'.MEI-IDURNE. C-Lln"IlI¢|IIlNn- _Mr. Essington Lewis,Maneging Director,Broken Hill Pty. Co. Ltd., /Box 86 A, P.O.,MELBOURNE. C.1. ///Dear Mr. Essington Lewis,1Jpné
s, 1940.I,I acknowledge your memorandum ofJune 5, enclosing copy of letter which you received fromMr. A. R. Code, together with a copy of your renl?.* I interviewed Mr. Code this morning,and found that, while he was
well informed on engines, hehad no experience on airframes. I informed him that wewould keep his particulars before us in the event of anysuitable vacancy arising.Yours sincerely,/Chairman.
A Q‘ 5th Juns,19li0.A. R. Code, Kaq.,"CO1I1I1"I 257 namauong Road,\ %IHD5OR,E:""L."Q% ‘. 50030\ Dear an,I have to acknowledgc and thankyou vary much inacd for your kindletter and offer of 5rd Juno and notefrom
your ,uu11f1cut1on ihnt yoursp~c1a11ty is aircraft en;1ne designand conatructiun.\ Mr. Harold Clap, is Chairman of- tuc gircrqrt rroduction Comuiseion, andtherefore I am sending him n copy ofyour letter to me so that he
may reply' to you.Esny thanks for your kindlyOffer.Yours faithfully,‘
Sh IBM ,19l¢O .llemorandun - -I enclose hcre\I1'$h copy of letterdated 3rd June receivqd ta, me fromklr. A. R. Code, together with copy ofmy reply of even date both of whichI111 speak for themeive.,.__—-——-
F11ix x, "‘_" 3qt‘¢.‘.1 0l.V\‘§' I]237 Dandenong load.Windsor, eltourna,Erd June, l§4O.(/3tit ~2-zssington Lewis, Esq.,c/o Broken Hill Pty. G0. Lto.,422 Little Collins Street,leibourne, C.l.Dear Mr. Lewis.I um taxing tne iiterty of
writing you witn ticOtjsct of placing my qualifications and eXprienC@ before you in the“ope that some adequate use may ta made of them in a technical cap—acity under your direction in your new position as Jirector-
Ganaralof “unitions Production. Tires weexs ago I wrote to the Ministerfor the Army offering my services in a tovhnical capacity at Armyeadqaartcrs hut apparently tonrninal man wit? good expaviencc arenot requirei there
‘because up to date I Lave not nan a reply.‘E?riufly, my qualifications and oxpooience are asfoiiow:—l. For the past ten years I have been (and stillam) t:TII])lO;,";"J ?"y the ‘.V'.1':uYi'n Oil Company Pty.Ltd. as Shin?
Qnginner. Automotive inrinweringIivision for Australia, New Zvaland and PacificIsianos. In this position I an "asgonsiklefor tin “Hole of the tnchnical work involvad intxe application of fuels anu lntricants of allsinus to all types
of internal comFustion on-gines, motor-cars, trucks, tractors, aircraftand aircraft engines, inuustrial oil~tu?ningayuipment and otkcr units. The Lnginnerin;Laboratory is unxer my control and all "esearcand tests are conductc:
UDJE? my supsrvlsion.kw specialty is aircraft engine i¢SiQn andconstruction althoujh, obviously, my nork isthat of an executive anginuer.E. ienty yvavs wxtenicncn in dasiqu, constrn3t-ion, testing and rosnavsi in connection
wit?internal zomtustion engi as of all types (in~ciuiin' aincratt engines and automotive unitsin ;wng:ai. ?O1FL27R yaavs of tlis p~“iOdravw Ewen spent in senior executive positionssue? as Ciiaf oasigning Cntincez and
GLLFTEn;ineeT. I am now ii yaars old.\_»-3.. §cCLlC&l Ioilaqe anu University tvaining inan;inonrinj ana Qommarce (E3EnlU? of Jommarce~ikoWrn» Univwnsity)
1 ‘ $3, ""-"1J _ ' ':f ii‘? "Qfh§?§§§§~ n - ~ - . Q! 4. Member of eight senior technical institutioné;"“d‘ in Australia and other countrées, including IInstitution of Mechanical Engineers. - London -QRoyal Aeronautical Society -
Fellow - London .'Institution of Automobile Engineers. - London ‘SSociety of Automotive Engineers - U.S.A.Institute of Petroleum — Fellow — London.5. Member of Council, Past-President (l956-57-S8)and Chairman of
Research and StandardisationCommittee of the Institution of Automotive - »‘‘ Engineers, Australia.6. Travelled widely in ".S.A., England and Europeand worked in engineering research laboratorioin the U.S.A.7.‘ Good
reading knowledge of German, especiallytechnical German and a fair knowledge of French,The last four items I have included simply to indicatethat I am not just an engineer but an executive with well-roundedexperience,
accustomed to meeting and dealing with peo;le.In my present position, I believe I am regarded as"indispensable" in the existing circumstances but up—to-date Isimply feel that I am just not pulling my weight in this war
andwant to do something more constructive.I have not discussed this matter, as yet, with myBoard of Directors nor will I do so until I learn whether you thinkmy services could he utilised under your direction. If you believeit
is possible to use me on a full time basis I shall be glad todiscuss ways and means wi*‘ you at your convenience. AlternativelyI am quite willing to give my own time and I kelieve that, in theevent of some responsible position
being availahle or made availahlewhere my technical qualifications could be adequately utilised. somesatisfactory basis could be arranged with my employers to enable meto work under your direction on a part-time
basis.To sum up:— _l. I am an executive engineer accustomed to theoperations of "big business", used to gettingthings done in a hurry and not frightened oflarge appropriations. ’2. Young enough to have plenty of energy
and driveand old enough to have acquired good experience.3. Firmly convinced in a mechanical war I can makea definite contribution to Australia's wareffort.
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