REMEDIAL LAW REVIEW II

Syllabus
Provisional Remedies, Special Civil Actions,
Special Proceedings,1 Prerogative Writs,2
Evidence3
Prof. Gayle Angeli M. Recto

PROVISIONAL REMEDIES (Rules 57-61)

I. Rule 57: Preliminary Attachment

1. Grounds
2. Requirements
3. Manner of Attaching
4. Discharge of Attachment
5. Third Party Claim
6. Claim for Damages

Mangila v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 125027, August 12, 2002

Chuidian v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 139941, January 19, 2001
Torres v. Satsatin, G.R. No. 166759, November 25, 2009
Wee v. Tankiansee, G.R. No. 171124, February 13, 2008
Luzon Dev. Bank, et al. v. Erlinda Krishman, G.R. No. 203530, April 13, 2015

II. Rule 58: Preliminary Injunction

1. Definition, Classes
2. Grounds; TRO
3. Requirements
4. Damages

Idolor v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141853, February 7, 2001

Gustilo v. Real, AM MTJ-00-1250, 28 February 2001
Lagrosas v. Bristol-Myers Squibb, G.R. No. 170684, 12 September 2008
Jenosa v. Delariarte, G.R. No. 172138, 8 September 2010
Solid Builders v. China Banking, GR 179665, 3 April 2013
Sps. Plaza v. Lustiva, GR 172909, 5 March 2014
Searth Commodities Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 64220, March 31,1992

III. Rule 59: Receivership

1
The outlines of Provisional Remedies, Special Civil Actions, and Special Proceedings are based on the syllabi and lecture of
Professor Henedino M. Brondial and the books of Dean Willard B. Riano (†) with updates on the assigned cases.
2
The outline of Prerogative Writs is based on the books and annotations of Professor Manuel R. Riguera and Dean Ed Vincent S.
Albano (†).
3
The outline of Evidence is based on the lectures of Professor Henedino M. Brondial (with updates on the assigned cases) and
Justice Maria Filomena D. Singh (on the amendments).

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 1. When writ may issue
2. Requirements
3. Power of Receiver
4. Termination and compensation

Sps. Larrobis v. Philippine Veterans Bank, GR 135706, 1 October 2004

Koruga v. Arcenas, G.R. No. 168332 & G.R. No. 169053 June 19, 2009
Chavez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 174356, January 20, 2010

IV. Rule 60: Replevin

1. When writ may issue

2. Requirements
3. Third Party Claim
4. Judgment and Damages

Orosa v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 111080, April 5, 2000

Smart Communications v. Astorga, G.R. No. 148132, G.R. No. 151079, G.R. No. 15137,
January 28, 2008
Hao v. Andres, A.M. No. P-07-2384, June 18, 2008
Navarro v. Escobido, G.R. No. 153788 November 27, 2009
Sps. Agner v. BPI Family Savings, G.R. No. 182963, June 3, 2013

V. Rule 61: Support Pendente Lite

1. Application
2. Procedure: Comment, Hearing Order
3. Enforcement
4. Restitution

De Asis v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127578, February 15, 1999

People v. Manahan, G.R. No. 128157. September 29, 1999
Sps. Lim v. Lim, G.R. No. 163209 October 30, 2009
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012

SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS (Rules 62-71)

I. Rule 62: Interpleader

1. What is an action in interpleader?

2. Requisites
3. Procedure

Wack Wack Golf & Country Club v. Won, G.R. No. L-23851, March 26, 1976

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Eternal Garden Memorial Parks Corp. v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 73794,
September 19, 1988
Pasricha v. Don Luis Dison Realty, Inc., G.R. No. 136409, March 14, 2008
Bank of Commerce v. Planters Development Bank, G.R. Nos. 154470-71 & G.R. Nos. 154589-
90, September 24, 2012

II. Rule 63: Declaratory Relief

1. Nature; Kinds
2. Parties
3. Conversion into ordinary action

Almeda v. Bathala Marketing Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 150806, January 28, 2008
Republic v. Orbecido, G.R. No. 154380, October 5, 2005
Malana v. Tappa, G.R. No. 181303, September 17, 2009
Chavez v. JBC, G.R. No. 202242, April 16, 2013
Republic v. Roque, G.R. No. 204603, September 24, 2013
Southern Hemisphere Engagement Network v. ATC, G.R. No. 178552, October 5, 2010

III. Rule 64: Review of Judgments and Final Orders of the COMELEC and COA

1. The distinctive nature and procedure of the special civil action

ANAD v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 206987, September 10, 2013

Pates v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 184915, June 30, 2009

IV. Rule 65: Certiorari, Prohibition, and Mandamus

1. Certiorari
a. Grounds
b. Requirements
c. Procedure; Parties and Effects

Ampil v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 192685, July 31, 2013

A.L. Ang Network v. Mondejar, G.R. No. 200804, January 22, 2014
Maglalang v. PAGCOR, G.R. No. 190566, December 11, 2013
People v. Castaneda, G.R. No. 208290, December 11, 2013
UP BOR v. Ligot-Telan, G.R. No. 110280, October 12, 1993
Tuason v. Register of Deeds, G.R. No. 70484, January 29, 1988
Morales v. Court of Appeals and Binay, G.R. Nos. 217126-27, November 10, 2015
Causing v. Commission on Elections, GR 199139, September 9, 2014
Austria v. AAA, G.R. No. 205275, June 28, 2022

2. Prohibition
a. Grounds
b. Requirements

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 c. Procedure; Parties and Effects

Vivas v. Monetary Board of BSP, G.R. No. 191424, August 7, 2013

Corales v. Republic, G.R. No. 186613, August 27, 2013
Tan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 164966, June 8, 2007

3. Mandamus
a. Grounds
b. Requirements
c. Procedure; Parties and Effects
d. Damages

Hipos v. Bay, G.R. Nos. 174813-15, March 17, 2009

Sanchez v. Lastimoso, G.R. No. 161735, September 25, 2007
SJS v. Atienza, G.R. No. 156052 March 7, 2007
Funa v. MECO, G.R. No. 193462 February 4, 2014
Velasco v. Hon. Speaker Belmonte, et al., G.R. No. 211140, January 12, 2016
University of the Philippines Board of Regents v. Ligot-Telan, G.R. No. 110280, October 21,
1993

V. Rule 66: Quo Warranto

1. Parties
2. Period
3. Limitations
4. Judgment for Costs

Mendoza v. Allas, G.R. No. 131977, February 4, 1999

Calleja v. Panday, G.R. No. 168696, February 28, 2006
Lokin v. COMELEC, G.R. Nos. 179431-32 June 22, 2010
Aratea v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 195229, October 9, 2012
De Castro v. Carlos, G.R. No. 194994, April 16, 2013
Republic v. Sereno, G.R. No. 237428, May 11, 2018 (see also Dissenting Opinions of J. Carpio,
J. Leonen, and J. Caguioa; see further Concurring and Dissenting Opinion of J. Del Castillo)

VI. Rule 67: Expropriation

1. Eminent Domain
2. Who may expropriate?
3. Two stages of expropriation
a. Determination of public use
b. Just compensation

NPC vs. the Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 103442-45 May 21, 1993
City of Manila v. Serrano, G.R. No. 142304, June 20, 2001
NPC v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 106804, August 12, 2004

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Republic v. Andaya, G.R. No. 160656, June 15, 2007
Asia’s Emerging Dragon Corp. v. DOTC, G.R. No. 169914, March 24, 2008
Sps. Abad v. Fil-Homes Realty and Development Corp., G.R. No. 189239, November 24, 2010
NPC v. YCLA Sugar Development Corp., G.R. No. 193936, December 11, 2013

VII. Rule 68: Foreclosure of Real Estate Mortgage

1. Complaint
2. Judgment
3. Sale of Foreclosed Property
Equity of Redemption

4. Deficiency Judgment

Ramirez v. The Manila Banking Corp., G.R. No. 198800 December 11, 2013
Sps. Marquez v. Sps. Alindog, G.R. No. 184045, January 22, 2014
Ardiente v. Provincial Sheriff, Register of Deeds Quezon, G.R. No. 148448, August 17, 2004
LZK Holdings v. Planters Development Bank, G.R. No. 187973, January 20, 2014
Goldenway Merchandising Corp. v. Equitable PCI Bank, G.R. No. 195540, March 13, 2013

VIII. Rule 69: Partition

1. Complaint
2. Order
3. Stages of Partition
4. Role of Commissioners
5. Judgment

Balus v. Balus, G.R. No. 168970, January 15, 2010

Feliciano v. Canoza, G.R. No. 161746, September 1, 2010
Mangahas v. Brobio, G.R. No. 183852 October 20, 2010
Barrido v. Nonato, G.R. No. 176492, October 20, 2014

IX. Rule 70: Forcible Entry and Unlawful Detainer

1. Parties
2. Procedure: Summary
3. Judgment
4. Immediate Execution
Preliminary Injunction
5. Appeals

Suarez v. Emboy, G.R. No. 187944, March 12, 2014

Alconera v. Pallanan, A.M. No. P-12-3069, January 20, 2014
Teodoro v. Espino, G.R. No. 189248, February 5, 2014
Ferrer v. Rabaca, A.M. No. MTJ-05-1580, October 6, 2010

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CGR Corp. v. Treyes, G.R. No. 170916, April 27, 2007
Manalang v. Bacani, G.R. No. 156995, January 12, 2015
Quijano v. Amante, G.R. No. 164277, October 8, 2014

X. Rule 71: Contempt

1. Kinds
a. Direct
b. Indirect
2. Procedure
3. Judgment and Review
4. Sub judice rule

Yasay v. Recto, G.R. No. 129521, September 7, 1999

Sison v. Caoibes, A.M. No. RTJ-03-1771, May 27, 2004
Español v. Formoso, G.R. No. 150949, June 21, 2007
Marantan v. Diokno, G.R. No. 205956, February 12, 2014
Capitol Hills & Golf Country Club v. Sanchez, G.R. No. 182738, February 24, 2014
Lorenzo Shipping v. Distribution Management Assoc. GR 155849, August 31, 2011

SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS (Rules 72-109)

Rule 72: Subject Matter and Applicability of General Rules

A. Settlement of Estate

1. Venue vs. Jurisdiction (Rule 73)

2. Kinds of Settlement
a. Extrajudicial
i. By Agreement
ii. By Self-Adjudication
b. Judicial
i. Summary (Rule 74)
ii. By Petition (Rules 75-90)
1. Intestate
2. Estate
iii. Partition (refer to Rule 69)

3. The Administrator or Executor

a. Special vs. Regular (Rule 80)
b. Bonds (Rule 81)
c. Powers and Duties (Rule 84)
d. Accountability (Rule 85)

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 4. Claims against the Estate (Rule 86)

5. Actions by and against the executor and administrator (Rule 87)

6. Distribution and Partition (Rule 90)

De Leon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128781, August 6, 2002

San Luis v. San Luis, G.R. No. 133743, February 6, 2007
Agtarap v. Agtarap, G.R. No. 177099, June 8, 2011
Suntay v. Cojuangco-Suntay, G.R. No. 183053, October 10, 2012
Lee v. RTC QC Br. 85, G.R. No. 146006, February 23, 2004
Ruiz v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118671, January 29, 1996
Union Bank of the Philippines v. Santibañez, G.R. No. 149926, February 23, 2005
Garcia-Quiazon v. Belen, G.R. No. 189121, July 31, 2013
Pilapil v. Heirs of Briones, G.R. No. 150175, February 5, 2007
Sabidong v. Solas, A.M. No. P-01-1448, June 25, 2013

B. Rule 91: Escheats

1. Definition
2. Historical Background and Legal Basis
3. Actions for Reversions

Alvarico v. Sola, G.R. No. 138953, June 6, 2002

Rules 92-100 (as amended by AM 03-02-05-SC4): Guardians and Guardianship

1. Venue vs. Jurisdiction (Rule 92)

2. Appointments, Kinds, Qualifications (Rule 93)

3. Requirement (Rule 94)

4. Power and Duties (Rule 96)

5. Termination (Rule 97)

Goyena v. Ledesma-Gustilo, G. R. No. 147148, January 13, 2003

Caiza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110427, February 24, 1997
Neri v. Heirs of Uy, G.R. No. 194366, October 10, 2012
Oropesa v. Oropesa, G.R. No. 184528, April 25, 2012
Abad v. Biason, G.R. No. 191993, December 5, 2012

Rule 98: Trustees

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AM 03-02-05-SC governs the guardianship of minors.

7
 1. Parties
2. Kinds/ Classes

Advent Capital and Finance Corp. v. Alcantara, G.R. No. 183050, January 25, 2012
Land Bank of the Philippines v. Perez, G.R. No. 166884, June 13, 2012

Rules 99-100: Adoption and Custody of Minors

1. Republic Act No. 8552 (The Domestic Adoption Act of 1998)

2. Republic Act No. 8043 (Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995)
3. A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC (Rules on Adoption)
a. Who may adopt? (Section 4)
b. Who may be adopted? (Section 5)
c. Venue vs. Jurisdiction (Sections 6 & 20)

i. Domestic Adoption
ii. Inter-Country Adoption

Cang v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105308, September 25, 1998

Republic v. Hernandez, G.R. No. 117209, February 9, 1996
Republic v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 103695, March 15, 1996
Reyes v. Mauricio, G.R. No. 175080, November 24, 2010
In Re: Adoption of Garcia, G.R. No. 148311, March 31, 2005

Rule 101: Proceedings for Hospitalizations of Insane Persons

Rule 102: Habeas Corpus

1. Definition and Nature/ Scope

2. Requisites for Application
3. Disallowance or Discharge of Writ
4. Preliminary Citation v. Peremptory Writ
5. The Return: when evidence; when plea

Ilusorio v. Bildner, G.R. No. 139789, May 12, 2000

In Re: Petition for Habeas Corpus of Ilusorio, G.R. No. 139789, July 19, 2001
Serapio v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148468, January 28, 2003
Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001 (see also Dissenting Opinion of J. Kapunan)
Sangca v. City Prosecutor of Cebu City, G.R. No. 175864, June 8, 2007
Mangila v. Pangilinan, G.R. No. 160739, July 17, 2013
In Re: Petition for Habeas Corpus of Datu Marklang Salibo v. Warden, QC. Jail Annex, et al.,
G.R. No. 197597, April 8, 2015

Rule 103: Change of Name v. Rule 108: Correction/ Cancellation of Entries

1. Venue v. Jurisdiction

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 2. Contents of Petition; Grounds
3. Hearing
4. Judgment
5. R.A. No. 9048 (as amended by R.A. No. 10172) and IRRs

Eleosida v. Local Civil Registrar of QC, G.R. No. 130277, May 9, 2002
Republic v. Kho, G.R. No. 170340, June 29, 2007
In Re: Petition for Change of Name and/or Correction/ Cancellation of Entry in Civil Registry of
Wang, G.R. No. 159966, March 30, 2005
Braza v. City Civil Registrar of Himamaylan City, Negros Occidental, G.R. No. 181174,
December 4, 2009
Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689 October, 22, 2007
Republic v. Cagandahan, G.R. No. 166676, September 12, 2008
Republic v. Uy, G.R. No. 198010, August 12, 2013
Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
Republic v. Olaybar, G.R. No. 189538, February 10, 2014

Rule 107: Absentees

PREROGATIVE WRITS

I. A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC: Writ of Amparo

1. Definition: Amparo
2. Nature
3. Grounds
4. Venue v. Jurisdiction
5. Writ of Amparo v. Writ of Habeas Corpus
6. Writ of Amparo v. Search Warrant
7. Interim Reliefs
8. Criminal Bar Rule
9. R.A. No. 10353

Tapuz v. del Rosario, G.R. No. 182484, June 17, 2008

Canlas v. Napico Homeowners, G.R. No. 182795, June 5, 2008
Castillo v. Cruz, G.R. No. 182165, November 25, 2009
Razon v. Tagitis, G.R. No. 182498, December 3, 2009 (Decision)
Razon v. Tagitis, G.R. No. 182498, February 16, 2010 (Resolution of MR)
Roxas v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 189155, September 7, 2010
Burgos v. Esperon, G.R. No. 178497, February 4, 2014
Lucena v. Elago, G.R. No. 252120, September 15, 2020

II. A. M. No. 08-1-16-SC: Writ of Habeas Data

1. Ground/s
2. Parties

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 3. Venue v. Jurisdiction
4. Extent of Enforceability
5. Criminal Bar Rule

Tapuz v. del Rosario, G.R. No. 182484, June 17, 2008

Castillo v. Cruz, G.R. No. 182165, November 25, 2009
Roxas v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 189155, September 7, 2010
De Lima v. Duterte, G.R. No. 227635, October 15, 2019
Vivares v. St. Theresa’s College, G.R. No. 202666, September 29, 2014

III. A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC: Writ of Kalikasan

1. Definition
2. Nature
3. Venue v. Jurisdiction
4. Prohibited Pleadings
5. Procedure
6. Consent Decree
7. Environmental Protection Order (EPO)
8. Temporary Protection Order (TEPO)
9. Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
10. Writ of Continuing Mandamus

Dolot v. Paje, G.R. No. 199199, August 27, 2013

Arigo v. Swift, G.R. No. 206510, September 16, 2014
MMDA v. Concerned Citizens of Manila Bay, G.R. Nos. 171947-48, December 18, 2008
International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications, Inc. v. Greenpeace
Southeast Asia, G.R. No. 209271, December 08, 2015 (Decision)
International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications, Inc. v. Greenpeace
Southeast Asia, G.R. No. 209271, July 26, 2016 (Resolution of MR)
Abogado v. DENR, G.R. No. 246209, May 3, 2019
Abines v. Duque, G.R. No. 235891. September 20, 2022

EVIDENCE (Rules 128 – 133, A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC)

I. Rule 128: General Provisions

1. Definition/ Meaning and Scope of Evidence

2. Kinds and Classification of Evidence
3. Axioms of Admissibility

Ong Chia v. Republic, G.R. No. 127240, March 27, 2000

Zulueta v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107383, February 20, 1996
People v. Yatar, G.R. No. 150224, May 19, 2004
Tating v. Marcella, G.R. No. 155208, March 27, 2007
People v. Salafranca, G.R. No. 173476, February 22, 2012

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OCA v. Judge Lerma, A.M. No. RTJ-07-2076, October 18, 2010
Uy v. Sps. Lacsamana, G. R. No. 206220, August 19, 2015
Mancol, Jr. v. Development Bank of the Philippines, G.R. No. 204289, November 22, 2017

II. Rule 129: What Need Not be Proved

1. Judicial Notice
a. Mandatory and Discretionary
b. When to take judicial notice?
2. Judicial Admission
a. When is there judicial admission?

Landbank v. Sps. Banal, G.R. No. 143276, July 20, 2004

Laureano v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 114776, February 2, 2000
Macquiling v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 195649, July 2, 2013
People v. Janjalani, G.R. No. 188314, January 10, 2011
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152375, December 16, 2011
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas v. Legaspi, G.R. No. 205966, March 2, 2016
Tan v. People, G.R. No. 218902, October 17, 2016

III. Rule 130: Rules of Admissibility

1. Object/ Real Evidence

Malillin v. People, G.R. No. 172953, April 30, 2008

People v. Pagaduan, G.R. No. 179029, August 12, 2010
Salas v. Matusalem, G.R. No. 180284, September 11, 2013
People v. Posing, G.R. No. 196973, July 31, 2013
People v. Romy Lim, G.R. No. 231989, September 4, 2018
PO1 Ocampo v. People, G.R. No. 194129, June 15, 2015
People v. Rullepa, G.R. No. 131516, March 2003

2. Documentary Evidence
a. Expanded Definition of “documentary evidence”

College Assurance Plan v. Belfrant Development, G.R. No. 155604, 22 November 2007
People v. Zeta, G.R. No. 178541, 27 May 2008

b. Best Evidence Rule (now “Original Document Rule”)

i. Exceptions to the Original Document Rule
ii. Secondary Evidence

Maliksi v. Comelec, G.R. No. 203302 April 11, 2013

Citibank v. Teodoro, G.R. No. 150905, September 23, 2003
Loon v. Power Master, Inc., G.R. No. 189404, December 11, 2013
Dimaguila v. Monteiro, G.R. No. 201011, January 27, 2014

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Republic v. Sps. Gimenez, G.R. No. 174673, January 11, 2016
Heirs of Prodon v. Heirs of Alvarez, G.R. No. 170604, September 2, 2013
Skunac Corporation v. Sylianteng, G.R. No. 205879, April 23, 2014
Capital Shoes Factory, Ltd. v. Traveler Kids, Inc., G.R. No. 200065, Sept. 14, 2014
Northern Mindanao Power Corporation v. CIR, G.R. No. 185115, February 18, 2015
MCMP Construction Corp. v. Monark Equipment Corp., G.R. No. 201001, November 10, 2014
EDSA Shangri-la Hotel and Resort v. BF Corp., G.R. No. 145842, June 27, 2008

c. Parol Evidence/ Evidence of Written Agreements

Ortanez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107372, January 23, 1997

Lapulapu Foundation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126006, January 29, 2004
Leoveras v. Valdez, G.R. No. 169985, June 15, 2011
Sps. Paras v. Kimwa Construction and Development Corporation, G.R. No. 171601, April 8,
2015
Sps. Abella v. Sps. Abella, G.R. No. 195166, July 8, 2015

d. Electronic Evidence (A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC and R.A. No. 8792)

Heirs of Sabanpan v. Comorposa, G.R. No. 152807, August 12, 2003

MCC Industrial Sales Corp. v. Ssangyong Corp. G.R. No. 170633, October 17, 2007
Torres v. PAGCOR, G.R. No. 193531, December 14, 2011
Ang v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 182835, April 20, 2010
People v. Enojas, G.R. No. 204894, March 10, 2014
BBB v. AAA, G.R. No. 193225, February 9, 2015

3. Testimonial Evidence
a. Qualifications: “one who can perceive, and perceiving, can make known their
perception to others”
i. ability to observe/ perceive
ii. ability to recall/ remember
iii. ability to relate/ communicate
b. Lack of Firsthand Knowledge Rule - previously “hearsay”

People v. ZZZ, G.R No. 229209, February 12, 2020

People v. Esugon, G.R. No. 195244, June 22, 2015

c. Disqualifications
i. Mental Incapacity/ Immaturity (no longer a disqualification)

People v. Monticalvo, G.R. No. 193507, January 30, 2013

People v. Esugon, G.R. No. 195244, 22 June 2015

ii. Marital Disqualifications

Alvarez v. Ramirez, G.R. No. 143439, October 14, 2005

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People v. Castañeda, G.R. No. L-46306, February 27, 1979
Lacurom v. Jacoba, A.C. No. 5921, March 10, 2006

iii. Privileged Communications

1. Marital Privilege
2. Attorney-Client Privilege
a. Exceptions:
i. Future crime-fraud exception
ii. Claimants through a deceased client
iii. Self-defense exception
iv. Lawyer as attesting witness
v. Joint Clients

Belen v. People, G.R. No. 211120, February 13, 2017

Samala v. Valencia, A.C. No. 5439, January 22, 2007

3. Physician-Patient Privilege (now includes psychotherapists)

Chan v. Chan, G.R. No. 179786, July 24, 2013

4. Priest-Penitent Privilege
5. Privilege of Public Officers

Almonte v. Vasquez, G.R. No. 95367, May 23, 1995

6. Other Privileged Matters

Eagleridge Dev't. Corp. v. Cameron Granville 3 Asset Management, Inc., G.R. No. 204700, Nov.
24, 2014
Marcos v. Heirs of Navarro, G.R. No. 198240, July 3, 2013

d. Testimonial Privilege: Parental and Filial Privilege

i. See also Article 215 of the Family Code

Lee v. CA, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010

e. Privilege Relating to Trade Secrets

Air Philippines Corporation v. Pennswell, Inc., G.R. No. 172835, December 13, 2007

f. Admissions

Constantino v. Constantino, G.R. No. 181508, October 2, 2013

Doldol v. People, G.R. No. 164481, September 20, 2005

i. Res Inter Alios Acta Alteri Nocere Non Debet

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People v. Gaudia, G.R. No. 146111, February 23, 2004

ii. Compromise vis-à-vis Good Samaritan Rule

Tan v. Rodil Enterprises, G.R. No. 168071, December 18, 2006

San Miguel Corp. v. Kalalo, G.R. No. 185522, June 13, 2012
People v. Nazareno, G.R. No. 180915, August 9, 2010

iii. If admission is made by:

1. Third parties
2. Co-Partners and Agents
3. Privies
4. Conspirator

Salapuddin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 184681, February 25, 2013

iv. Admission by Silence

People v. Castañeda, G.R. No. 208290, December 11, 2013

People v. Guillen, G.R. No. 191756, November 25, 2013

g. Confession
i. Judicial v. Extrajudicial

Salapuddin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 184681, February 25, 2013

Ladiana v. People, G.R. No. 144293, December 4, 2002
People v. Ulit, G.R. Nos. 131799-801, February 23, 2004
People v. Sayaboc, G.R. No. 147201, January 15, 2004
Tanenggee v. People, G.R. No. 179448, June 26, 2013

h. Conduct and Character

People v. Santos, G.R. Nos. 100225-26, May 11, 1993

People v. Nardo, G.R. No. 133888, March 1, 2001
Republic v. Heirs of Alejada, G.R. No. 146030, December 3, 2002
Metrobank v. Custodio, G.R. No. 17380, March 21, 2011
People v. Pineda, G.R. No. 141644, May 27, 2004

i. Hearsay Evidence Rule

Estrada v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 212140-41, January 21, 2015

Espineli v. People, G.R. No. 179535, June 9, 2014
Patula v. People, G.R. No. 164457, April 11, 2012

i. Exceptions

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 1. Dying Declaration

People v. Montaez, G.R. No. 148257, March 17, 2004

People v. Palanas, G.R. No. 214453, June 17, 2015

2. Declaration Against Interest

Lazaro v. Agustin, G.R. No. 152364, April 15, 2010

3. Declaration Against Pedigree

Nepomuceno v. Lopez, G.R. No. 181258, March 19, 2010

4. Family Reputation
5. Common Reputation
6. Res Gestae
a. Requisites
b. Tests in applying res gestae

People v. Putian G.R. No. L-33049, November 29, 1976

Manulat v. People, G.R. No. 190892, August 17, 2015
People v. Palanas, G.R. No. 214453, June 17, 2015

7. Entries in the Course of Business

PAL v. Ramos, G.R. No. 92740, March 23, 1992

Landbank v. Oñate, G.R. No. 192371, January 15, 2014

8. Entries in Official Records

Lao v. Standard Insurance, Inc., G.R. No. 140023, August 14, 2003
Sabili v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 193261, April 24, 2012
Standard Insurance Co., Inc. v. Cuaresma, G.R. No. 200055, September 10, 2014

9. Commercial Lists

MERALCO v. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 127598, February 22, 2000

10. Learned Treatises

11. Testimony or Deposition at a Former Proceeding

People v. Ortiz-Miyake, G.R. Nos. 115338-39, September 16, 1997

Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152375, Dec. 13, 2011
Go v. People, G.R. No. 185527, July 18, 2012
PCGG v. Gutierrez, G.R. No. 194159, October 21, 2015

15
 12. Child Witness Rule

People v. Ibanez, G.R. No. 197813, September 25, 2013

13. Residual Exception

ii. Opinion Rule

1. Expert Witness

People v. Abriol, G.R. No. 123137, October 17, 2001

Bautista v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 158015, August 11, 2004
Avelino v. People, G.R. No. 181444, July 17, 2013
Casumpang v. Cortejo, G.R. No. 171127, March 11, 2015

2. Ordinary Witness

People v. Duranan, G.R. No. 134074-75, January 16, 2001

iii. Character Evidence

IV. Rule 131: Burden of Proof, Burden of Evidence, and Presumptions

1. Burden of Proof v. Burden of Evidence

Far East Bank Trust Company, G.R. No. 170598, October 9, 2013
Republic v. Mupas, G.R. No. 181892, September 8, 2015

2. Conclusive Presumptions

Ibaan Rural Bank, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123817, December 17, 1999
Alcaraz v. Alcaraz, G.R. No. 128568, April 9, 2003
Midway Maritime and Technological Foundation v. Castro, G.R. No. 189061, August 6, 2014

3. Disputable Presumptions

Racines v. Morallos, A.M. No. MTJ-08-1698, March 3, 2008

Rosaroso v. Soria, G.R. No. 194846, June 19, 2013
Heirs of Trazona v. Heirs of Canada, G.R. No. 175874, December 11, 2013
Diaz v. People, G.R. No. 208113, December 2, 2015
Celedonio v. People, G.R. No. 209137, July 1, 2015
People v. Padrigone, G.R. No. 137664, May 9, 2002
Metropolitan Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 122899, June 8, 2000
Delos Santos v. COA, G.R. No. 198457, August 13, 2013
People v. ZZZ, G.R No. 229209, February 12, 2020

16
 4. No presumption of legitimacy or illegitimacy

SSS v. Aguas, G.R. No. 165546, February 27, 2006

5. Presumptions in civil actions and proceedings

6. Presumption against an accused in criminal cases
a. Bursting bubble approach

People v. Godoy, G.R. Nos. 115908-09, December 6, 1995

V. Rule 132: Presentation of Evidence

1. Rights and Obligations of a Witness

Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010

2. Direct Examination and Cross-Examination

a. Scope-of-Direct Rule v. Wide Open Rule

3. Leading and Misleading Questions

People v. Fabre, G.R. No. 146697, July 23, 2002

People v. Perez, G.R. No. 142556, February 5, 2003
People v. Ilogon, G.R. No. 206294, June 29, 2016

4. Impeachment of Adverse Party’s Witness

Gaw v. Chua, G.R. No. 160855, April 16, 2008

People v. Castillano, G.R. No. 139412, April 2, 2003

5. Impeachment by evidence of conviction or crime

6. Reference to a Memorandum

People v. Plasencia, G.R. No. 90198, November 7, 1995

Canque v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 96202, April 13, 1999

7. Authentication and Proof of Documents

a. Classes of Documents
i. Private v. Public

Iwasawa v. Gangan, G.R. No. 204169, September 11, 2013

Asian Terminals, Inc. v. Philam Insurance, Inc., G.R. No. 181163, July 24, 2013
Carbonell v. Carbonell-Mendes, G.R. No. 205681, July 1, 2015
Nedlloyd Lijnen B.V. Rotterdam v. Glow Laks Enterprises, Ltd., G.R. No. 156330, November
19, 2014

17
Vicente T. Guerrero v. Phil. Phoenix Surety & Insurance, Inc., G.R. No. 223178. December 9,
2020

b. Proof of Lack of Record

Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013

8. Offer and Objection

a. Striking out an answer

Westmont Investmenr Corp. v. Francia, G.R. No. 194128, December 7, 2011

Aludos v. Suerte, G.R. No. 165285, June 18, 2012
Heirs of Pasag v. Sps. Parocha, G.R. No. 155483, April 27, 2007
Catuira v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105813, September 12, 1994

VI. Rule 133: Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence

1. Circumstantial Evidence

People v. Austria, G.R. No. 55109, April 8, 1991

Franco v. People, G.R. No. 191185, February 1, 2016
Manulat, Jr. v. People, G.R. No. 190892, August 17, 2015
People v. Anticamara, G.R. No. 178771, June 8, 2011
People v. Alolod, G.R. No. 185212, February 15, 2012

2. Probable Cause

PNB v. Tria, G.R. No. 193250, April 25, 2012

Del Castillo v. People, G.R. No. 185128, January 30, 2012

3. Prima Facie Evidence

Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011

4. Substantial Evidence

Punongbayan & Araullo v. Lepon, G.R. No. 174115, November 9, 2015

Ombudsman v. Reyes, G.R. No. 170512, October 5, 2011
Ramos v. BPI Family Savings Bank, G.R. No. 203186, December 4, 2013

5. Preponderance of Evidence

Republic v. Mupas, G.R. No. 181892, September 8, 2015

Philippine Commercial International Bank v. Balmaceda, G.R. No. 158143 September 21, 2011
Candao v. People, G.R. Nos. 186659-710, October 19, 2011

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 6. Clear and Convincing Evidence

Supreme Court v. Delgado, A.M. No. 2011-07-SC, October 4, 2011

Government of Hong Kong v. Olalia, G.R. No. 153675, April 19, 2007

7. Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt

ABS-CBN Corp. v. Gozon, G.R. No. 195956, March 11, 2015

People v. Patentes, G.R. No. 190178, February 12, 2014
People v. Caliso, G.R. No. 183830, October 19, 2011

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