Signs of Violence Against Children Physical abuse Note: Injuries do not always mean a child is being physically abused. However, if child often has injuries or a pattern of injuries, sees different doctors for similar injuries, or offers explanations for injuries that don’t make sense, the case should be investigated. Children exhibit: + Bruises that reoccur in the same location, don't match the explanation given, cluster on soft areas of the body, or show distinct shapes of hands or objects. Repeated broken or fractured bones, especially breaks in babies. Burns or scalds from hot liquids, objects, chemicals, cigarettes, etc. Bite marks. ‘Scarring in unusual places. Head injuries. Bruised scalp and swollen eyes (could indicate severe hair pulling) Vomiting, drowsiness, seizures, or respiratory issues (could indicate poisoning or drowning). ‘Sudden changes in temperament or behaviour. Developmental delays (could indicate shaking or other brain trauma). + Avoidance of hugs or accidental touching. + Excessive alertness or fear, even in "safe" environments. Emotional and Children exhibit: verbal abuse * Lack of confidence or self-assurance. 2 + Difficulty controlling their emotions. + Difficulty making or maintaining relationships. + Behaviour that's inappropriate for their age. + Sudden changes in temperament or behaviour. The abuser talks about the child in negative terms. Sexual violence Children: Avoid being alone with or express fear of people they know. Use sexual language or behaviours that are not age-appropriate. Exhibit nightmares or bed-wetting that are not age-appropriate. Misuse alcohol or drugs. Self-harm (cutting, eating disorders). Exhibit genital/anal injuries or discharge, sexually transmitted infections or pregnancy. ‘Show sudden changes in temperament or behaviour. Show excessive alertness or fear, even in “safe” environments.Signs of Violence Against Children Exploitation Privacy violations Children are chronically: + Hungry. + Dirty; unwashed. + Tired, + Unsupervised. + Lacking in medical/dental care. Caregivers exhibit: + Lack of interest in child’s school performance, injuries, or activities. + Limited or no physical attention toward the child Children exhibit: + Restricted movement or an inability to go about unaccompanied. + Reluctance to talk about living conditions/adult companions. + Excessive alertness or fear, even in “safe” environments. + Absence from school. + Signs of emotional or physical abuse. Children: + Have unrestricted access to smartphones, social media, and other online technology. + Admit to sharing personal information online + Are identified beyond the reporting system after being harmed.