EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES: ICT FOR Berners-Lee, it could be considered the “read-only

STEM (ELECTIVE) web.” In other words, the early web allowed us to

search for information and read it.

Lesson 1: Introduction to Information and ● Only has limited web and sites
Communication Technology ● Information portal only

Information and Communication

Technologies (ICT) deals with the use of different
communication technologies such as mobile
phones, telephones, the internet, etc. to locate, save,
and edit Information.

ICT in the Philippines

● Philippines is dubbed as the ICT Hub of
Asia
● According to the 2013 edition of Measuring
the Information Society by the International
Telecommunication
● Union, that are 106.8 cell phones per every
100 Filipinos in the year of 2012. This
implies that for every 100 Filipinos, seven of Web 2.0 ( read,write web)
them own two cell phones.
● The ICT industry shares 19.3% of the total Web 2.0 is the evolution of Web 1.0 by
employment population here in the adding dynamic web pages-the user is able to see a
Philippines. website differently than others.
● Time Magazine declared Makati City,
Philippines as Selfie capital of the world Web 2.0 is a term coined by Darcy DiNucci
while Cebu City ranks 9. on January 1999 in her article “Fragment of
Future”
Evolution of World Wide Web (like a big hard
drive ) Allows users to interact with the pages, and
allows us to use a web browser.
WEB 1.0 ( early web and read only web)

When the World Wide Web was invented,

most pages were static (also known as Flat page
or Stationary Page) in the sense that the page was
"as is" and could not be manipulated by the user.
The content was also the same for all users. This
was referred to as Web 1.0

The first implementation of the web

represents the Web 1.0, which, according to Tim

Features of Web 2.0
1. Folksonomy – Allows the user to
categorize and classify/arrange
information using a freely chosen word
(e.g., tagging). Popular social networking
sites such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook,
etc. use tags to start with the pound sign (#).
This is also referred to as HASHTAG.
2. Rich User Interface – Content is dynamic
and is responsive to the user's input. An
example would be a website that shows
local content. In the case of the social
networking site, when logged on, your
account is used to modify what you see on
their website.
3. User Participation – The owner of the
website is not the only one who can put
content. Others can place on their own using
comments, reviews, and evaluations. Some
websites allow readers to comment on an
article, participate in polls, or review a
specific product (e.g., Amazon.com, online
stores).
4. Long Tail – Services that are offered
on-demand rather than on a one-time
purchase. In certain cases, time-based
pricing is better than file size- based pricing
or vice versa. This is synonymous with
subscribing to a data plan that charges you
for the amount you spend on the internet or
data plan that charges you for the amount of
bandwidth you use.
5. Software as a Service – Users will
subscribe to software only when needed
rather than purchasing them. This is a
cheaper option if you do not always need to
use the software.
6. Mass Participation – Diverse information
sharing through universal web access.
Since most users can use the internet, Web
2.0's content is based on people from
various cultures.
Web 3.0 and Semantic Web
The Semantic Web is a movement led by
the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The
W3C standard encourages web developers to
include semantic content in their web pages. The
term was coined by the inventor of the World
Wide Web, Tim Berners-
Lee. Lee also noted that the semantic web is a
component of Web 3.0.
Semantic web prioritize the language
Web 3.0 is yet to be fully realized because of
several problems:
● Compatibility – HTML files and current
web browsers could not support Web 3.0
● Security – The user's security is also
questionable since the machine is saving his
or her preferences
● Vastness – The World Wide Web already
contains billions of web pages.
● Vagueness – Certain words are imprecise.
The word "old" and "small" would depend
on the users.
● Logic – Since machines use logic, there is a
certain limitation for a computer to be able
to predict what the user is referring to at a
given time.
Trend in Information and Communication
Technology
1. CONVERGENCE TECHNOLOGY
- Technological Convergence is the
synergy of technological
advancements to work on a similar
goal or task. For example, besides
using your personal computer to
create word documents, you can now
use your smartphones. It can use
cloud technologies to sync files from
one device to another while also
using LTE technology which means
you can access your files anytime,
anywhere. Convergence is using
several technologies to accomplish a
task conveniently.
2. SOCIAL MEDIA
- Social Media is a website,
application, or online channel that
enables web users to create,
co-create, discuss, modify, and
exchange user-generated content.
According to Nielsen, a global
information and measurement
company, Internet users spend more
time on social media sites than in
any other type of site. With this,
more and more advertisers use social
media to promote their products.
TYPES OF SOCIAL MEDIA
● Social Network – These are the sites that
allow you to connect with other people
with the same interest or background. Once
a user creates his or her account, he or she
can set up a profile, add people, create
groups, and share content.
Example: Facebook and Google+
● Bookmarking Sites – These are the sites
that allow you to store and manage links
to various websites and resources. Most of
these allow you to create a tag that allows
you and others to easily search or share
them.
Example: StumbleUpon and Pinterest
● Social News – These are sites that allow
users to post their news items or links to
other news sources.
Example: Reddit and Digg
● Media Sharing – These are sites that allow
you to upload and share media content
like images, music, and video.
Example: Flickr, YouTube, and Instagram
● Microblogging - These are sites that allow
users to focus on short updates. Those
who subscribed to the user will be able to
receive these updates.
Example: Twitter and Plurk
● Blogs and Forums - These are websites that
allow users to post their content. Other
users can comment on the said topic.
Example: Blogger, WordPress and Tumblr

3. MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
- The popularity of smartphones
and tablets have taken a major rise
over the years. The devices' large
capacity to do tasks that was
originally found in PCs.
MOBILES THAT USE DIFFERENT
OPERATING SYSTEM
● iOS – is used in Apple devices such as
iPhone and iPad.
● Android - an open source OS developed by
Google.
● Blackberry OS – is used in blackberry
devices.
● Symbian - the original smartphone OS used
by Nokia devices.
● WebOS - originally used in smartphones;
now used in smart TVs.
● Windows Mobile - developed by Microsoft
for smartphones and pocket PCs.
● ASSISTIVE MEDIA- is a non-profit
service designed to help people who
have visual and reading impairments. A
database of audio recording is used to read
the user.
LESSON 2: RULES OF NETIQUETTE
Netiquette is short for "Internet etiquette"
just like etiquette is a code of polite
behavior in society, netiquette is a code of
good behavior on the internet. This
includes several aspects of the internet,
such as email, social media, online chat,
web forums, website comments,
multiplayer gaming, and other types of
online communication.
RULES OF NETIQUETTE
Rule 1: Remember the Human
• “Do unto others what you want others to
do unto you.”
• People often forget that when they converse
online, they converse with real people.
• Would you say it to the person’s face?
• Your words are written!
Rule 2: Adhere to some standards of behavior
online that you follow in real life
• Be ethical.
• Standards of behavior may be different in
cyberspace, but they are not lower than in real life.
• Breaking the law is bad netiquette.
• Do your best to act within the laws of
society and cyberspace.
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
• Netiquette varies from domain to domain.
• What’s good in one area may be bad in another.
• Lurk before you leap.
• Stop, read, and observe before making
any move.
Rule 4: Respect other people’s ONLINE AND SAFETY SECURITY
time and bandwidth
• Netiquette varies from domain to domain
• What’s good in one area may be bad in another
• Lurk before you leap
• Stop, read, and observe before making any move

Rule 5: Make yourself look good online

• Netiquette varies from domain to domain
• What’s good in one area may be bad in another
• Lurk before you leap
• Stop, read, and observe before making
any move

Rule 6: Share expert knowledge

• Don’t be afraid to share what you know.
• It is especially polite to share the result of your
question with others.
• Sharing your knowledge is fun. It is a long-time
net tradition.

Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control

• “Flaming” – It is what people do when they
express a strongly held opinion without holding
back any emotion.
• Netiquette does not forbid flaming, what it forbids
is the perpetuation of flame wars.
Rule 8: Respect others privacy
• Failing to respect other people's privacy is not just
bad netiquette, it could also cost you your job and
integrity.
Rule 9: Don’t abuse your power
• Knowing more than others, or having more power
than they do, does not give you the right to take
advantage of them.
The Internet is defined as the Information
superhighway. This means that anyone has access
to this highway, can place information, and can
grab that information. Any information, even things
that have been set privately, can be accessed one
way or another. This is why social networking sites
like Facebook continue to improve their security
features. The threat of cybercrime is very real.
While you may not experience that threat now,
Whatever information we share today can affect our
future.

Rule 10: Be forgiving to other people’s mistake

• When someone makes a mistake, be kind about it.
• If you do decide to inform someone of a mistake,
point it out politely.

INTERNET THREATS
What is Malware?
● Malware is the collective name for several
malicious software variants, including
viruses, ransomware, and spyware.
Shorthand for malicious software, malware
typically consists of code developed by
cyber attackers, designed to cause extensive
damage to data and systems or to gain
unauthorized access to a network.
● Malware is typically delivered in the form of
a link or file over email and requires the
user to click on the link or open the file to
execute the malware.
TYPES OF MALWARE
● Virus - a malicious program designed to
replicate itself and transfer from one
computer to another either through the
internet and local networks or data storage
like flash drives and CDs.
● Worm - a malicious program that transfers
from one computer to another by any type
of means. Often, it uses a computer network
to spread itself.
- For example, the ILOVEYOU worm
(Love Bug Worm) created by a
Filipino.
● Trojan – a malicious program that is
disguised as a useful program but once
downloaded or installed, leaves your PC
unprotected and allows hackers to get your
information
- Rogue Security Software – tricks
the user into posing that it is security
software. It asks the user to pay to
improve his/her security but in 28
reality, they are not protected at all.
● Spyware – a program that runs in the
background without you knowing it (thus
called "spy"). It can monitor what you are
currently doing and typing through
keylogging.
- Keylogger – used to record the
keystroke done by the users. This is
done to steal their password or any
other sensitive information. It can
record emails, messages, or any
information you type using your
keyboard.
● Adware – a program designed to send you
advertisements, mostly as pop-ups.
● Ransomware – is a form of malware that
essentially holds a computer system
captive while demanding a ransom. The
malware restricts user access to the
computer either by encrypting files on the
hard drive or locking down the system and
displaying messages that are intended to
force the user to pay the malware creator to
remove the restrictions and regain access to
their computer.
What is Spam?
unwanted email mostly from bots or
advertisers. It can be used to send malware.
What is Phishing?
Its goal is to acquire sensitive personal
information like passwords and credit card
details.
What is Botnet?
group a compromised computer connected
to a network (“zombie”).
What is Denial of Service
Attack ?
- disrupts computer access to internet services
LESSON 3: CONTEXTUALIZED ONLINE
SEARCH AND RESEARCH SKILLS
Internet Research
is the practice of using Internet Information,
especially free information on the World Wide Web
Research Process ( Barron and Ives, 1996)
Step 1 : Questioning
- Before going on the internet, you should
structure your questions.
Step 2 : Planning
- Develop a search strategy with a list of sites
to investigate
Step 3 : Gathering
- Use the Web to collect and gather
information
Step 4 : Sorting and Sifting
- Analyze and categorize the data they
gathered on the web
Step 5 : Synthesizing
- Integrate the information into the lesson and
draw conclusions.
Step 6 : Evaluating
- Asses the result and if necessary, begin the
process again
Analyzing web resources
● Accuracy
- Are sources listed for the facts? Can
the information be verified through
other sources? Has the size been
edited for grammar, spelling , etc.?
● Authority
- IS the publisher reportable? Is the
sponsorship clear? Is a phone
number or postal address available?
Is there a link to the sponsoring
organization? Is the author qualified
to write on this topic?
● Objectivity
- Does the sponsor have comercial
interest? Is advertising included in
the page? Are there obvious biases?
● Currency
- Is the publication date indicated? Is
there a date for the last update? Does
the topic not change frequently?
● Coverage
- Are the topics covered legit? Does
the content appear to be complete
CONDUCTING ONLINE RESEARCH
Use advanced search
- Maximize the use of operators and search in
feature to get the desired results
Look for Credible source/s
- E.g. look for superscript link in wikipedia
Give Credit
- < name of the person or org> “<Title of page
in Italics>,” <URL>. Data last seen/
retrieved.
COPYRIGHT AND COPYRIGHT
INFRINGEMENT
Copyright
- Is a part of the law, wherein you have the
right to your work and anyone who uses it
without your consent is punishable by law.
Works that are protected under copyright
● Written Works
● Musical works
● Dramatic/ Choreographed works
● Physical artwork
● Architecture
● Computer program
● Original Website content
Works not protected by Copyright
 ● Intangible forms of expression - Title bar is on the top of the window when
● Common knowledge, phrases, design you open a Microsoft Word application.
● Government works
● Ideas, procedures and process Menu Bar
● Content in public domain
● Fair use of copyright

What is copyright infringement
- Occurs when there is a violation of any of
the exclusive economic or moral rights
granted to the copyright owner.
Penalties provided by Philippine Law for
Copyright Infringement
● Imprisonment of between 1 to 3 years and a
fine of between 50,000 to 150,000 for the
first offense
● Imprisonment of 3 years and 1 day to6 years
plus a fine of 150,000 to 500,000 pesos for
the second offense
● Imprisonment of 6 years and 1 day to 9
years plus a fine of 500,000 to 1,500,000 for
third offense
● The offending party will also be ordered to
pay civil damage
Fair use
- The act of copying copyrighted materials
done for purposes such as
commenting,criticizing, or parodying work
without permission from the copyright
owner.
- Menu bar contains all the menus such as
File, Home, and Insert, Page Layout, etc.
Toolbar
- These are the categories of functions and
features dived under Menus according to
their use.
Ruler Bar
- Ruler bar is most important to understand. A
rule bar is used to align the document. You
can set margin and paragraph spaces by
using it.
Scrolling Bar
- Scrollbar is used to scroll the page up/down
and right/left when page zoom is high or
low.

LESSON 4: ADVANCED WORD Status Bar

PROCESSING SKILL

Microsoft Word - The Status bar showcases page number, total

words, selected words, etc.
It is a word processing application that allows you
to create a variety of documents like letters, flyers,
and reports
HOW TO USE WORD & EXCEL FOR MAIL
MERGE
Microsoft Word Interface
Mail Merge
Title Bar
 - Mail merges are one of the quickest ways to ● Envelopes
customize documents like emails, ● Mailing labels
newsletters, and other personalized ● Newsletters
messages. ● Custom catalogs
● Form letters
Two Components of Mail Merge ● And more!
1. Template File HOW TO USE MAIL MERGE IN WORD
AND EXCEL TO SEND LETTERS
- This is the document that you’ll be sending
out — like a letter or an email. It contains The mail merge template is a form letter in
placeholders for the personalization data Microsoft Word and the data file is an Excel
(names, addresses, etc.) that are fetched spreadsheet containing your recipients’ details.
from a data file
A. Creating and formatting your address list
in Microsoft Excel

The first step is creating and formatting your

address list (data file).

1. Step 1

- Open MS Excel

2. Step 2
2. Data File

- This is a data source like a Microsoft Excel

spreadsheet or a Google Sheets file. It
contains the personalized information
(names, addresses, etc.) that will be added to
your template file.

- Click on Blank workbook to open

a blank document in Excel.

Mail merges can be used to create personalized

3. Step 3
messages automatically for documents such as:

● Marketing emails
 - Now you can start entering the details of - This is the main document in
your address list into the Excel spreadsheet. your mail merge that will be sent to
- Enter your column headers only in the first each recipient.
row, starting in cell A1
- The column headers in your Excel
spreadsheet must be the same as the
placeholder names you want to use in your
Word template document.
- For example, if the column names in your
Excel sheet are “FirstName,” “LastName,”
and “Email,” the field names in your Word
document will also be “FirstName,”
“LastName,” and “Email.”

.4. Step 4 2. Step 2

- Click on the Mailings tab and select Start

- Enter your contact information as one record
per row, starting in cell A2.
5. Step 5
Once you’re done creating the contact
sheet, you can save your Excel document
by pressing the Ctrl+S keys or by going to
File > Save or File > Save As.
Mail Merge.
- A drop-down menu displaying every
different mail merge document type will
appear.
- You can select the document type for
letters, emails, envelopes, mailing labels, or
a directory.
- Since we’re creating a Word mail merge for
sending letters, choose Letters as your
merge document.

Note – Ensure that all edits to the Excel

spreadsheet are done before starting the mail merge
process. Making edits to an Excel sheet once you’ve
already begun a mail merge is a complicated
additional step.

B. Creating the main document in MS Word

- The next step is to create the form letter

template (your main document) in MS Word.

1. Step 1

- Open a blank document in Word. 3. Step 3

 - Write the body of the letter.

C. . Selecting the recipient list

1. Step 1

- Click on the Select Recipients option in the

Mailings tab. A drop-down menu appears,
showing different mail merge list sources. Note – If your Excel spreadsheet has only one
- As your contact information is already worksheet, you’ll only see Sheet1 in the Select
available as an Excel file, click on Use an Table window.
Existing List.
4. Step 4

- If you want to edit your mail merge

recipients list, click on the Edit Recipient
List tab.
- In the Mail Merge Recipients window that
pops-up, clear the checkbox of the person
you don’t want in your mailing list.

2. Step 2

- In the dialog box that pops-up, select the

Excel sheet you created earlier, and click
Open

3. Step 3

- A Select Table window appears. Choose the HOW TO CREATE BULK CERTIFICATES
Excel worksheet you want to merge with the
Step 1
Word template and click OK
- Make a Certificate Lay-out in Microsoft
Word.
Step 2 - To insert a recipient’s address from your
Excel worksheet, click on Address Block
- List of Certificates Recipients in Microsoft from the Write & Insert Fields section. In
Excel with Header the window that appears, choose an address
- Make your Excel File (with names) to your block format of your choice and click OK.
Certificate lay-out. - An address placeholder («AddressBlock»)
will be inserted automatically into your
Step 3
letter
- Insert Merge Field in your Certificate
Layout

Step 4

- Finish and Merge

D. Adding personalized messages

- The next step is to add personalized content,
like contact names and addresses, to your
form letter template (Word document).

In Word, you can insert three personalization

variables into your document:

● Insert Address Block – add a recipient’s

address to your document.
● Insert Greeting Line – include a
personalized greeting or salutation in your
letter. 2. Step 2 – Insert greeting line
● Insert Merge Field – insert other mail
merge fields from your Excel file. - To insert a greeting line, click on Greeting
Line from the Write & Insert fields section.
Note – You can add a personalization variable at In the dialog box that pops up, select the
an insertion point of your choice in the Word format you want to use and click OK.
document. For example, to add a greeting line
before the body of your letter, simply place the
text cursor at the point you want to add it.

1. Step 1 – Insert Address Block

 - A greeting placeholder («GreetingLine»)
will be automatically added to your
document.
3. Step 3 – Insert Merge Field
- You can also add other mail merge fields —
like your contact’s first name, company
name, email id, etc. — from your Excel
worksheet to your Word template. To do
this, click on Insert Merge Field from the
Write & Insert fields group.
- You can see a drop-down list of some mail
merge labels. These labels are the column
names in your Excel spreadsheet
- Click on the mail merge fields you want to
add to your letter.
- This is how my form letter looks after
inserting the placeholders I needed:
Note – You can also use the Match Fields feature
to match your Excel column fields with the Word
placeholders manually. This way, you can ensure
that all the mail merge fields are accurately
mapped to your Excel column names.
E. Previewing and finishing the mail merge
process
- After personalizing the form letter for each
recipient, you can preview the letters to see
how they look with the data you inserted
from your Excel worksheet.
1. Step 1
- Click on Preview Results under the Mailings
tab.
2. Step 2
- To preview the result for each recipient, you
can enter the recipient number (the
corresponding row number in your Excel
spreadsheet) in the text box.
3. Step 3
- After previewing the form letter, click on
Finish & Merge to finish the Word mail
merge process.
From the drop-down list that appears, you can
choose to:
 Edit Individual Documents – if you want to edit
each letter further, separately.

Print Documents – if you want to print the letters.

Send Email Messages – if you want to send the

letters as emails

F. Saving the form letter

- After you’ve finished working with the
merged document, you can save it by
pressing the Ctrl+S keys or by going to the
File menu and clicking Save or Save As.

You can also reuse the merged document for

sending additional letters — just open it and click
Yes when Word prompts you with this alert: