#5 CEEMEC30 – ENGINEERING

MECHANICS

FLEX Course Material

Recite the concept of
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

moment of inertia
Solve the moment of inertia
of common geometric
shapes
Solve the moment of inertia
of composite figures

MOMENT OF
INERTIA

Marvin M. Bartido, RCE

2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

 Table of Contents

Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia of Common Geometric Figures
Polar Moment of Inertia
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Radius of Gyration
Transfer Formula for Moment of Inertia
Centroidal Moment of Inertia of Common Geometric Figures
Moment of Inertia for Composite Areas

2
 For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son,
that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.
John 3:16

MOMENT OF INERTIA

The moment of inertia (of area) is sometimes called the second

Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

moment of area because of each differential area multiplied by its

moment arm gives the moment of area; when multiplied a second
time by its moment arm it gives the moment of inertia.
𝑏
𝐴 𝑥ҧ = න 𝑥 𝑑𝐴
𝑎
𝑏
𝐴 𝑦ത = න 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
𝑎
𝐼𝑥 = ‫ 𝑦 ׬‬2 𝑑𝐴 (moment of inertia about the x-axis)
𝐼𝑦 = ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 𝑑𝐴 (moment of inertia about the y-axis)
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

1. Determine the moment of inertia for a rectangle of base b and depth

h with respect to (a) the x-axis (b) the y-axis (c) a centroidal axis parallel
to the x-axis.

Find: (b) the y-axis

moment of inertia with respect 𝐼𝑦 = න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝐴
to
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

(a) the x-axis

(b) the y-axis
(c) a centroidal axis parallel to
the x-axis

𝑏
Solution: 𝐼𝑦 = ‫׬‬0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝐴
𝑏
𝐼𝑦 = ‫׬‬0 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝑏
𝐼𝑦 = ‫׬‬0 𝑥 2 (ℎ)𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 𝑏
𝐼𝑦 = ℎ ቃ
3 0
ℎ𝑏3
𝐼𝑦 =
3

(a) the x-axis

(c) a centroidal axis parallel to the
𝐼𝑥 = ‫ 𝑦 ׬‬2 𝑑𝐴 x-axis
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = න 𝑦 2 𝑑𝐴

ℎ
𝐼𝑥 = ‫׬‬0 𝑦 2 𝑑𝐴 ℎ
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 2 ‫׬‬02 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑑𝑦
ℎ
𝐼𝑥 = ‫׬‬0 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑑𝑦 ℎ
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 2 ‫׬‬0 𝑦 2 (𝑏)𝑑𝑦
2
ℎ
𝐼𝑥 = ‫׬‬0 𝑦 2 (𝑏)𝑑𝑦 𝑦 3 ℎΤ2
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 2𝑏 ቃ
𝑦3 ℎ 3 3 0
ℎ
𝐼𝑥 = 𝑏 ቃ
3 0 𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 2𝑏 2
𝑏ℎ 3 3
𝐼𝑥 = 𝑏ℎ3
3 𝐼𝑥𝑜 =
12
 For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son,
that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.
John 3:16

MOMENT OF INERTIA OF COMMON

GEOMETRIC FIGURES
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

𝑏ℎ3 ℎ𝑏3 𝑏ℎ3 ℎ𝑏3

12 12 3 3

𝑏ℎ3 ℎ𝑏3 𝑏ℎ3 ℎ𝑏3

36 36 12 12

𝜋𝑟 4 𝜋𝑟 4
4 4
 For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son,
that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.
John 3:16
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

𝜋𝑟 4 0.11𝑟 4
8

0.055𝑟 4 0.055𝑟 4
 For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son,
that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.
John 3:16

POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA

The moment of inertia for an area relative to a line or axis

Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

perpendicular to the plane of the area is called the polar moment of

inertia and is denoted by the symbol J.

𝐽𝑧 = 𝐼𝑥 + 𝐼𝑦

𝐽𝑧 = ‫ 𝑟 ׬‬2 𝑑𝐴
𝐽𝑧 = ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝐴
𝐽𝑧 = 𝐼𝑥 + 𝐼𝑦
 For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son,
that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.
John 3:16

RADIUS OF GYRATION

The radius of gyration is usually denoted by the symbol k (sometimes

Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

by r) and is defined by the relation

𝐼
𝑘=
𝐴
where I is the moment of inertia and A is the cross sectional area.

TRANSFER FORMULA FOR MOMENT OF INERTIA

For any area, the moment of inertia with respect to any axis in the
plane of the area is equal to the moment of inertia with respect to a
parallel centroidal axis plus a transfer term composed of the product
of the area multiplied by the square of the distance between the axes.
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼ഥ𝑥 + 𝐴𝑑 2
𝐼𝑦 = 𝐼ഥ𝑦 + 𝐴𝑑 2

𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 𝐼𝑥ҧ = න 𝑦 2 𝑑𝐴

𝐼𝑥 = ‫ 𝑦(׬‬+ 𝑑)2 𝑑𝐴
𝐼𝑥 = ‫ 𝑦(׬‬2 +2𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑2 )𝑑𝐴
𝐼𝑥 = ‫ 𝑦 ׬‬2 𝑑𝐴 + 2𝑑 ‫ 𝐴𝑑𝑦 ׬‬+ ‫𝑑 ׬‬2 𝑑𝐴
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑥ҧ + 𝐴𝑑2
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

1. Determine the moment of inertia for a rectangle of base b and depth

h with respect to x-axis.
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Find:
moment of inertia with respect to x-axis

Solution:
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑥ҧ + 𝐴𝑑2
𝑏ℎ3 ℎ 2
𝐼𝑥 = + 𝑏ℎ
12 2
𝑏ℎ 3 𝑏ℎ 3
𝐼𝑥 = +
12 4
𝑏ℎ 3
𝐼𝑥 =
3
 For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son,
that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.
John 3:16

MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR COMPOSITE

AREAS
When a composite area can be divided into geometric elements
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

(rectangles, triangles, etc.) for which the moments of inertia are

known, the moment of inertia for the composite area is the sum of the
moments of inertia of the elements, however, they must all be found
with respect to the same axis.
𝐼𝑥 = Σ(𝐼ഥ𝑥 + 𝐴𝑑 2 )
𝐼𝑦 = Σ(𝐼ഥ𝑦 + 𝐴𝑑 2 )
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

1. Determine the moments of inertia with respect to the centroidal X

and Y axes of the wide flange beam section shown below.
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Find: (b) with respect to the centroidal

moments of inertia with respect Y axis
to the centroidal X and Y axes Solution:
𝐼𝑦 = Σ(𝐼𝑦ҧ + 𝐴𝑑2 )
𝑜 𝑜
Solution: 10(1)3
𝐼𝑦𝑜 = + 10(1)(0)2 +
(a) with respect to the centroidal 3
12
1(8)
X axis 2 + 1(8)(0)2
12
Solution 1: 𝐼𝑦𝑜 = 86. 17 𝑖𝑛4
𝐼𝑥 = Σ(𝐼𝑥ҧ + 𝐴𝑑2 )
𝑜 𝑜
1(10)3
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = + 1(10)(0)2 +
3
12
8(1)
2 + 8(1)(5.5)2
12
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 568.67 𝑖𝑛4

Solution 2:
8(12)3
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = + 8(12)(0)2 −
12
3.5(10)3
2 + 3.5(10)(0)2
12
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 568.67 𝑖𝑛4
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

2. Compute the moment of inertia for the composite area shown with
respect to the indicated x-axis.
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Find:
moment of inertia with respect to x-axis
Solution:
Figure 𝑰ത𝒙 A d 𝒅𝟐
1 4(3)
0.11(3)4 𝜋 3 2 2+
2 3𝜋 10.71410
= 8.91 = 3.27324
= 14.13717

6(9)3
6(9) −(4.5 − 2)
12 6.25
= 54 = −2.5
= 364.5

1
3(9)3 (3)(9) 2
2 − 9 −2
36
3 16
= 13.5 = −4
= 60.75

𝐼𝑥 = Σ(𝐼ഥ𝑥 + 𝐴𝑑2 )
𝐼𝑥 = 8.91 + 14.13717(10.71410) + 364.5 + 54(6.25) + ሾ60.75 +
13.5(16)ሿ
𝐼𝑥 = 1139.1 𝑐𝑚4
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

3. A rectangle is 3” by 6”. Determine the polar moment of inertia and

the radius of gyration with respect to a polar axis through one corner.
Find:
polar moment of inertia with respect to a polar axis through one
corner
radius of gyration with respect to a polar axis through one corner
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Solution:

(a) polar moment of inertia

𝐽𝑧 = 𝐼𝑥 + 𝐼𝑦

𝑏ℎ3
𝐼𝑥 =
3
3(6)3
𝐼𝑥 =
3
𝐼𝑥 = 216

ℎ𝑏3
𝐼𝑦 =
3
6(3)3
𝐼𝑦 =
3
𝐼𝑦 = 54

𝐽𝑧 = 216 + 54
𝐽𝑧 = 270 𝑖𝑛4

(b) radius of gyration

𝐼
𝑘=
𝐴
270
𝑘=
6(3)
𝑘 = 3.87298 in
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

4. A hollow square cross section consists of an 8” by 8” square from

which is subtracted a concentrically placed square 4” by 4”. Find the
polar moment of inertia and the polar radius of gyration with respect
to a z-axis passing through one of the outside corners.
Find:
(a) polar moment of inertia and (b) the polar radius of gyration with
respect to a z-axis passing through one of the outside corners.
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Solution:

(a) Polar moment of inertia

𝐽𝑧 = 𝐼𝑥 + 𝐼𝑦

8(8)3 4(4)3
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑦 = − + 4(4)(4)2
3 12
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑦 = 1088 𝑖𝑛4

𝐽𝑧 = 1088 + 1088
𝐽𝑧 = 2176 𝑖𝑛4

(b) polar radius of gyration

𝐼
𝑘=
𝐴
2176
𝑘=
8 8 −4(4)
𝑘 = 6.73300 𝑖𝑛
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

5. Find the centroidal moment of inertia along the x-axis of the

trapezoid shown below.
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Find:
centroidal moment of inertia along the x-axis

Solution:
Solve for 𝑦ത first.
𝐴𝑦ത = σ(𝑎𝑦)
1 1
6 6 +2 (6)(6) 𝑦ത = 6 6 3 + 2 (6)(6)(2)
2 2
𝑦ത = 2.5 𝑐𝑚

𝐼𝑥𝑜 = Σ(𝐼𝑥ҧ 𝑜 + 𝐴𝑑2 )

6(6)3 6(6)3 1
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = + 6(6)(0.5)2 + 2 + (6)(6)(−0.5)2
12 36 2
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 198 𝑐𝑚4
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

6. Determine the distance d at which the two 3” by 8” rectangles

shown should be spaced so that 𝐼𝑥ҧ = 𝐼𝑦ҧ .
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Find:
distance d
Solution:
𝐼𝑥ҧ = 𝐼𝑦ҧ
8(3)3 𝑑 2 3(8)3
2 + 8(3) + 1.5 =2
12 2 12
𝑑 = 1.2817 𝑖𝑛
𝑑 = −7.2817 𝑖𝑛
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

7. Determine the moment of inertia of the area shown in the figure

with respect to its centroidal axes.
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Find:
moment of inertia wrt x-centroidal axis
moment of inertia wrt y-centroidal axis
Solution:
Solve for 𝑦ത first
𝐴𝑦ത = σ(𝑎𝑦)
12 1 + 1 12 + 6(1) 𝑦ത = 12 1 0.5 + 1 12 7 + 6(1)(13.5)
𝑦ത = 5.7 𝑖𝑛

(a) moment of inertia x-centroidal axis

𝐼𝑥 = Σ(𝐼𝑥ҧ + 𝐴𝑑2 )
𝑜 𝑜
12(1)3 2 1(12)3 2 6(1)3
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = + 12(1) 5.2 + + 1(12) 1.3 + ቂ +
12 12 12
2
6(1) 7.8 ቃ
𝐼𝑥𝑜 = 855.3 𝑖𝑛4

(b) moment of inertia y-centroidal axis

𝐼𝑦 = Σ(𝐼𝑦ҧ + 𝐴𝑑2 )
𝑜 𝑜
1(12)3 2 12(1)3 2 1(6)3
𝐼𝑦𝑜 = + 1(12) 0 + + 12(1) 0 + ቂ +
12 12 12
2
1(6) 0 ቃ
𝐼𝑦𝑜 = 163 𝑖𝑛4
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

8. Two 12-in 20.7-lb channels are latticed together to form the section
shown in the figure. Determine how far apart the channels should be
placed so as to make 𝐼𝑥ҧ equal to 𝐼𝑦ҧ for the section. Refer to the table.
(Neglect the lattice bars which are indicated by the dashed lines.)
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Find:
distance d
Solution:
𝐼𝑥ҧ = 𝐼𝑦ҧ
𝑑 2
2 128.1 + 6.03(0)2 = 2 3.9 + 6.03 0.70 +
2
𝑑 = −10.477 𝑖𝑛
𝑑 = 7.6768 in
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS

9. A plate and angle column is composed of four 8 by 4 by 1 in. angles

with the short legs connected to a web plate 14 in. by 1 in. plus two
1
flange plates each 18 in. by 2 in. as shown in the figure. Determine
4
ҧ ҧ
the values of 𝐼𝑥 and 𝐼𝑦 .
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

Find:
𝐼𝑥ҧ and 𝐼𝑦ҧ

Solution:
𝐼𝑥ҧ = Σ(𝐼𝑥ҧ + 𝐴𝑑2 )
1(14)3 18(2.25)3
𝐼𝑥ҧ = + 1(14) 0 2
+ 4 11.6 + 11 6.2 2
+ 2ቂ +
12 12
18(2.25) 8.375 2 ቃ
𝐼𝑥ҧ = 7681.99 𝑖𝑛4

𝐼𝑦ҧ = Σ(𝐼𝑦ҧ + 𝐴𝑑2 )

14(1)3 2.25(18)3
𝐼𝑦ҧ = + 14(1) 0 2
+ 4 69.6 + 11 3.55 2
+ 2ቂ +
12 12
2.25(18) 0 2 ቃ
𝐼𝑦ҧ = 3021.08 𝑖𝑛4
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS

Practice Problems
The problems here are intended for practice in solving problems.
Corresponding answers are indicated. You do not need to submit it.

For problems 1 and 2:

Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

1. Determine the moment of inertia of the beam’s cross-sectional area

about the y axis. (Answer: 𝐼𝑦 = 115(106 )𝑚𝑚4 )
2. Determine 𝑦,
ത which locates the centroidal axis x’ for the cross-
sectional area of the T-beam, and then find the moment of inertia
ҧ = 222(106 )𝑚𝑚4
about the x’ axis. (Answers: 𝑦ത = 207 𝑚𝑚, 𝐼𝑥′
3. Determine the moment of inertia 𝐼𝑦 of the shaded area about the y
axis. (Answer: 𝐼𝑦 = 2.03(109 )𝑚𝑚4 )

20
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS

4. Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area about the x

axis. (Answer: 𝐼𝑥 = 1971 𝑖𝑛4 )
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

5. Locate the centroid 𝑦ത of the cross section and determine the

moment of inertia of the section about the x’ axis. (Answers: 𝑦ത =
ҧ = 4.23 10−3 𝑚4
0.181 𝑚, 𝐼𝑥′

21
 ASSESSMENT TASK

CM Assessment Task No. 5

Write the problem. Show your complete solution and box your final
answer.

1. Find 𝐼𝑥ҧ and 𝐼𝑦ҧ for the figure shown.

Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

2. The built-up section shown in the figure is composed of two 8 x 6

x 1 in. angles riveted to a 12 x 1 in. web plate. Determine the
moment of inertia with respect to the centroidal x-axis.

22
 REFERENCES

Singer, Ferdinand. Engineering Mechanics (2nd edition).

Harper and Brothers Publisher.
Hibbeler, R.C. 2018. Engineering Mechanics: Statics 13th
Edition; New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall Pearson
Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River.
Engr. Marvin Bartido 2ND TERM AY 2022-2023

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