1.

-Modal verbs of obligation (have to , must )

Modal verbs of prohibition (mustn´t)

Modal verbs of lack of obligation (don´t have to, don´t need to, needn´t)

Modal verbs of advice (should, ought to, had better)

Read the sentences. Then choose the sentence that means the same.

___ 1 You must practise every day to be good at music.

a You have to practise every day.

b You should practise every day.

___ 2 You don’t have to pay to go to the concert. It’s free.

a You mustn’t pay to go to the concert.

b You needn’t pay to go to the concert.

___ 3 You ought to learn the violin. You’d enjoy it.

a You should learn the violin.

b You must learn the violin.

___ 4 You can’t go in because the concert’s started.

a You mustn’t go in.

b You don’t have to go in.

___ 5 We needn’t study on Sunday.

a We shouldn’t study on Sunday.

b We don’t have to study on Sunday.

1 I advise you to buy a second-hand guitar. (should)

You __________________________________________________________ .

2 You aren’t allowed to talk during the show. (mustn’t)

You __________________________________________________________ .

3 It isn’t necessary to bring spare shoes. (needn’t)

We __________________________________________________________ .

4 The students aren’t permitted to use their mobile phones. (can’t)

They _________________________________________________________ .
 5 She is obliged to show her identity card when she arrives at work. (have to)
She __________________________________________________________

Write sentences using the prompts and modal verbs from the box.

must should can’t ought to have to

needn’t shouldn’t don’t have to mustn’t

1 You / be tall / play the piano. (It isn’t important at all.)

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2 Sally / practise singing / every week. (It’s really important as she’s a professional singer.)

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3 We / get to the concert / early. (It’s not obligatory but it’s a good idea.)

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4 Violinists / wear a hat / when they play. (They can if they want but it’s not important.)

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5 Kevin / wear jeans / at rehearsals. (He can if he wants but it isn’t a good idea.)

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6 The musicians / smoke during a performance. (It’s against the law.)

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Modal verbs of ability (present, past and future) (can, could, will be able to)

5 Match the sentence halves.

___ 1 I can a read music when I was ten.

___ 2 I could b sing well one day.

___ 3 I’ll be able to c play the guitar nowadays.

___ 4 I’ve been able to d read music for two years.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of can, could or be able to.

1 When he was six years old, Mozart _________________ compose music. Amazing!

2 I’m sorry but I _________________ come to the concert tonight. I’m not feeling well.

3 Jenny _________________ play the viola since she was 13.

 4 In the future, we _________________ build robots that can play the violin beautifully.

Rewrite the sentences using modal verbs.

1 20 years from now, I’ll have the ability to speak English fluently.

I _____________________________________________________________ .

2 It isn’t necessary to buy anything.

We ___________________________________________________________ .

3 The performers aren’t permitted to make phone calls during the interval.

They __________________________________________________________ .

4 I advise you to work harder.

You ___________________________________________________________ .

2.-Modal verbs of possibility and certainty

You are sure yes(must)

You are sure no(can´t)

You aren´t sure (could, may, might)

Complete the sentences with must, may, might, might not or can’t.

1 Julia is blonde and the girl in the photo has red hair so it _________________ be Julia.

2 Let’s run to the bus stop. We _________________ catch the last bus home but let’s try!

3 Listen to that beautiful song! I’d recognize Paul’s voice anywhere. He

_________________ be singing.

4 I haven’t decided what to study at university. I _________________ take Music. It’s my

favourite subject.

5 Jenny _________________ know about the party. Tim told everybody about it

3.-all the verbs above have got a past form .

Had to

Wasn´t allowed to

Didn´t have to/didn´t need to/ needn´t have

 Should have

Must have

Can´t have

Might have

May have

Write sentences using the prompts and verbs from the box. Modal verbs in the past.

may might can’t should must could

1 I regret leaving home. I / stay with my parents.

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2 Ken was definitely out when I called. He / be at work.

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3 I’m sure Dan didn’t write that novel. He / write it.

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4 we didn’t do our homework and the teacher got angry.

We………………………………………………………………….

5 I am completely sure that he didn´t go to England.

He…………………………………………………………..

6. I am sure that Susan has already seen that film.

She…………………………………………………………………..

7 I don´t know if they bought you a present or not.

They……………………………………….

8 he is going to live to Japan and he was studying chinese.

he…………………………………………………………………

9.- I don´t know if that girl had cleaned her house or not

She………………………………………………………………..