81

Unit 4 Nouns & Pronouns

Objectives
1. To be able to perceive what nouns and pronouns are
2. To be able to apply nouns and pronouns in various contexts
3. To be able to communicate in English with correct nouns and pronouns in various
contexts

4.1 Countable & Uncountable Nouns

• The form of most plural nouns is added by final -s.
chair chairs table tables
• Final -es is added to nouns that end in -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o and -z.
box boxes bus buses
potato potatoes bush bushes
match matches breeze breezes
• Some nouns that end in -o but add only -s to form plural.
auto autos photo photos
studio studios piano pianos
kilo kilos zoo zoos
video videos memo memos
radio radios kangaroo kangaroos
ghetto ghettos solo solos
tattoo tattoos soprano sopranos
• Some nouns have irregular form of plural.
tooth teeth goose geese
foot feet mouse mice
louse lice man men
woman women ox oxen
child children medium media
fungus fungi phenomenon phenomena
• However some nouns that end in -o can add either -s or -es to form plural.
 82

volcano volcanoes / volcanos zero zeroes / zeros

mosquito mosquitoes / mosquitos tornado tornadoes / tornados
• Some nouns that end in -f or -fe are changed to -ves to form plural.
calf calves life lives
thief thieves knife knives
loaf loaves half halves
leaf leaves self selves
shelf shelves wolf wolves
• However some nouns end in -f can add only -s to form plural.
belief beliefs cliff cliffs
chief chiefs roof roofs
• Some nouns have the same singular and plural forms.
deer fish means aircraft series
species crossroads trout salmon
• Some nouns are always in plural forms and have no singular one.
clothes belongings congratulations goods stairs
surroundings thanks cattle earnings people
trousers outskirts contents remains troops
police scissors
• Many nouns have uncountable general meaning and a countable specific meaning which
can add -s to form plural.
general: Few people are in favor of war.
specific: There have been several wars between the two countries.
• Uncountable nouns are normally things that cannot be counted. They can be used with
zero article or some.
Gas, liquid, material air water iron paper
Grains, etc. rice sugar flour coffee
Abstract ideas health time fun peace
Feelings anger pity courage boredom
Activities travel work research behavior
 83

• Here is the list of some common nouns that have no plural -s form, and are followed by a
singular verb.
accommodation advice cash clothing equipment
experience furniture hair information knowledge
luggage money rubbish scenery traffic
weather work lightning luck spaghetti
thunder
• Sometimes uncountable nouns can be used as countable nouns when meanings is changed
- Our tour leader had many years of experience. (knowledge of life)
Sam had a bad experience at his last visit to Paris. (something that happens to you)
- Many newly graduates are looking for work. (jobs)
This is a work of Michael Angelo. (a work of art: a painting etc.)
- Can you buy a paper? (a newspaper)
- We had a good time at the party last night. (when you do something)
- There is a hair in my soup! (a single one)
• There are other countable nouns with specific meanings:
an iron an object used to make clothes smooth
a coffee, a beer a cup of or glass etc. of a liquid
• There are some uncountable nouns that have a different countable word
bread a loaf luggage a bag, a case
money a coin, a note work a job
travel a journey accommodation a room, a flat, etc.
• There are many uncountable nouns that have a scientific or technical use in countable
form. Use your dictionary to check.
- Sugars are also classified by the number of carbons they contain.
• There are also some singular nouns that end in -s
the news mathematics physics economics
gymnastics politics athletics billiards
• Some plural expression follow by singular verbs:
name of quantities
- Ten miles is too much to walk.
 84

plural names of countries

- The United States is larger than Thailand.
compound noun joined by ‘and’
- Fish and chips is very delicious.
more than one + singular noun
- More than one student disagrees.

Exercise 1 Underline the correct form.

1. There are more than a thousand sheep /sheeps on this farm.
2. Please accept my thank / thanks for your invitation tonight.
3. I know some person / people with good hearts.
4. Could you bring me a knife / knives?
5. My grandmother fell down the stair/ stairs last night.
6. I bought new cloth / clothes after I’d decided to change my style.
7. Pam found her belonging / belongings in the restroom.
8. The airline has bought 10 new aircraft / aircrafts.
9. They sent me the good / goods I’d ordered.
10. We need to order some more equipment / equipments for our office.

Exercise 2 Write the correct forms of the given nouns. Use each noun only one time.

discovery tooth advice man laboratory photo box

attorney beach cliff media match phenomenon

1. The baby has been crying all night because he is getting his first _________________.
2. There are 20 _________________ in this tournament.
3. Studies show that _________________ process information differently from women.
4. Marina needed some legal _________________ for her father’s business so she contacted two
_________________.
5. New scientific _________________are made every day in _________________ around the
world.
 85

6. This island has no _____________ for people to walk on. There are only steep ___________.
No one can climb these steep walls of rock.
7. Storms and flood are _________________ of nature.
8. We can receive news through the mass _________________,that is, through radio, television,
the internet, newspaper, etc.
9. We loaded the van with _________________ of fresh fruits to take to the market.
10. There are 55 _________________ hanging around the exhibition in the main hall.

Exercise 3 Choose the correct form of the given nouns to complete the sentence.
1. John had some terrible experience /experiences when he stayed in the old hotel.
2. I always enjoy travel / journey, which is why I have worked abroad a lot.
3. The parents were very upset at the children’s behavior / behaviours.
4. I think that if I don’t eat too much bread / loaf, I’ll lose my weight.
5. The laser printer in my office has run out of paper / papers.
6. It’s not always easy for newly graduates to get a work / job.
7. Can you help me take my luggage / luggages upstairs? My room is on the third floor.
8. Tom earns a lot of money / moneys in his new position.
9. Internet provides us information / informations though not all of it is accurate.
10. The first electronic iron / irons had no temperature control.

Exercise 4 Complete the sentence with a singular or plural form of verb.

1. The news _______________ (be) on Channel 3 at the moment.
2. I think that mathematics _______________ (be) the most difficult subject.
3. The works of Shakespeare _______________ (remain) popular.
4. The traffic in Bangkok _______________ (be) really heavy every morning.
5. These loaves _______________ (taste) so good.
6. The coffees they ordered _______________ (be) on the table over there.
7. Ten kilos _______________ (be) too much to pay.
8. The fish and chips _______________ (cost) £4.
9. More than one person _______________ (agree) with the idea of moving out to the suburb.
10. The United States _______________ (become) more and more powerful these days.
 86

Exercise 5 Correct the errors in these sentences. Only one mistake each sentence.
10. Mary’s got a long hair which comes halfway down her back.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. There are some information about Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University available online.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. She is crying because she’s just heard a bad news.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. I haven’t finished my homeworks for tomorrow class.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. We need to reserve accomodations for our holidays next month.
____________________________________________________________________________
6. I’ve visited the National Museum 4 time this month.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Thunder sometimes cause disaster.
____________________________________________________________________________
8. It’s a beautiful weather. Let’s swim!
____________________________________________________________________________
9. My teacher has been a teacher for almost 30 years. She has a lot of experiences.
____________________________________________________________________________
10. We have to buy some new furnitures for our new house.
____________________________________________________________________________

------------------------------------------------
 87

4.2 Noun + Noun, Possessive Noun (’s or of)

We can put nouns together in three ways.

1. Noun + Noun (Compound Noun)
• The noun that functions as adjective is in its singular form.
a shoe shop a train station vegetable soup a race horse
chocolate milk a book case
• When a noun used as a modifier is combined with a number expression, the noun is
singular and a hyphen (-) is used.
a ten-kilo walk a two-hour test a ten-year-old daughter
• Words which are always plural such as clothes, news etc., keep the plural form in
compound.
a clothes brush a news broadcast
• A noun can have two nouns as adjectives.
a shop window display Christmas tree lights library book shelves

2. Possessive structure
• Add an apostrophe (’) and -s after the singular noun.
the boy the boy’s Jane Jane’s
my mother my mother’s a lady a lady’s
• With the names ending in -s, use either an apostrophe (’) and -s or only an apostrophe (’).
Thomas Thomas’s / Thomas’ James James’s / James’
• If it’s a plural noun that ends in -s, add only apostrophe (’).
the boys the boys’ their wives their wives’
• Add only an apostrophe (’) and -s after plural nouns that do not end in -s.
the men the men’s their children their children’s
• When two or more names are connected by ‘and’, only the final name shows possession.
Jane and Lisa’s house (is on the second floor).
 88

• We use an apostrophe (’) and -s structure especially when the first noun is the name of a
person, group of people, organization, country or animal. (in other cases we generally
prefer a structure with ‘of’
my father’s name the name of the movie
America’s influence the influence of alcohol
the company’s structure the structure of English language
the cat’s leg the leg of the chair
• We also use an apostrophe (’) and -s structure with ‘time when’ expression, and
expression of measurement of time.
today’s program a month’s holiday tomorrow’s weather
three hours’ delay yesterday’s news next week’s meeting

3. Preposition structure (of)

• We generally use ‘of’ when we describe one thing belonging to one another.
the top of the hill signs of anger the bottom of the sea

Exercise 1 Complete the sentences. Use the possessive form of the nouns in brackets.
1. (Brian) ____________________ mother never forgets her (son) _______________ birthday.
2. The (girl) ____________________ dress is blue.
3. The (girls) ____________________ dresses are blue and black.
4. The(children) ____________________ books are on the floor.
5. The father fixed the (child) ____________________ toys.
6. (Susan) ____________________ middle name is Marie.
7. (Bess) ____________________ last name is Hagen.
8. There is too loud noise in (today) ____________________ class.
9. This would cost me a (month) ____________________ salary to buy that dress!
10. We will go to (Jack and Lary) ____________________ house to have lunch.

Exercise 2 Complete the sentences with the words in italics. Use the singular or plural form as
appropriate.
1. shoe I bought my new ____________________ from this _________________ store.
 89

2. flower There are beautiful _________________ in my garden. It’s a ________________

garden.
3. bean This soup is made from red _________________. It’s red ______________ soup.
4. baby People can buy special food in small boxes for ____________________. It’s
called ____________________ food.
5. child Dr. Adam is a psychologist for ____________________. He’s a _____________
psychologist.
6. salad At a formal dinner, there are usually two forks. The smaller one is for _________.
It’s a ____________________ fork.
7. mosquito In tropical countries, it’s important to hang a net over a bed to protect you
from ____________________. It’s called a ____________________ net.
8. two + hour The flight was delayed. We had a ____________________ wait.
We had to wait for __________________________.
9. eight + year + old Our son is _________________________________. We have a
___________________________ son.
10. four + letter ‘Blue’ and “pink’ are two examples of ______________________ words.
Each word has _____________________________.

Exercise 3 Rewrite these using ’s or ‘of the’.

1. Sandy + her leg
2. your dog + its leg
3. our restaurant + its best manager
4. next week + its schedule
5. my family + its name
6. the trees + their branches
7. his suitcase + its lock
8. your office + floor
9. my hometown + its atmosphere
10. last Friday + its party
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
 90

Exercise 4 Make a noun + noun compound using two or three of the words. You may have to
change a word from plural to singular.
1. the same temperature as it is in the room __________________________________________
2. a frame for a picture __________________________________________
3. disease suffered by the heart __________________________________________
4. pollution carried in the air __________________________________________
5. change in the climate __________________________________________
6. a key use to open the front door __________________________________________
7. a handle on a door __________________________________________
8. a room where computers are stored __________________________________________
9. a case you can put your glasses __________________________________________
10. a rocket that goes into space __________________________________________

Exercise 5 Rewrite the underlined words as a phrase with of. You may have to change plural and
singular forms.

The (1) air temperature in a cloud determines (2) rain and snow formation. In tropical
areas where the (3) cloud temperature is mainly above 0°C, rain is formed by a process called
coalescence. The clouds are made up of millions of (4) water droplets, and as these droplets
collide, they form larger droplets. Gradually the (5) droplet size increases until they are too
heavy to be kept in the air by (6) air currents, and fall as (7) raindrops. In cooler areas, clouds
may stretch up into the air which is below freezing. These clouds are a mixture of water droplets
lower down, and (8) ice crystals and special supercooled water droplets higher up. The
supercooled droplets exist as water even though the temperature is below freezing. As well as
coalescence at the bottom, a process called accretion happens higher up in these clouds. The ice
crystals attract the supercooled droplets, which freeze onto them. As the crystals grow and stick
to others, (9) snowflakes form. When they become too heavy to be held up, they fall.

Note. From Macmillan English Grammar in Context (p.112), by V. Micheal, 2008, Oxford: Macmillan.
 91

1. ___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 6 Put the eight more missing possessive apostrophes, not including the example.

David Copperfield, the novel by Charles

Dickens, is a story of one boy’s struggle after losing
his parents. Davids father dies when he is young, and
his mother remarries. His stepfather, Mr. Murdstone,
treats David unkindly, and he can only find
happiness with the Peggoty family, his nurses
relatives. At school, at first he is unhappy but then
wins his friends respect. However, when his mother
dies, his stepfather sends him to work in a factory in
London, where the other boys make fun of him.
 92

David runs away and walks to his aunts house in Dover. Here he grows up happily, goes to
school and becomes a clerk in a lawyers office in London. He falls in love with Dora, his
employers daughter, and when his aunts money is lost in a bad investment, he work writing
reports of parliament for the newspapers. Many parts of the story follow the events of Dickens
own life.

Note. From Macmillan English Grammar in Context (p.113), by V. Micheal, 2008, Oxford: Macmillan.

---------------------------------
4.3 Pronouns

Table of Pronouns
 93

A pronoun is used in place of a noun. The noun it refers to is called ‘antecedent’. From
the table, the pronouns can be classified into 5 categories.
1. Subject pronouns: they are used as subjects of sentences.
Our family loves exercising. We usually jog in the park every morning.
2. Object pronouns: they are used as objects of verbs or prepositions.
Samantha works as a secretary in my office. I know her well.
I talk to him on the phone every day.
Everybody except me was late.
Who’s that? - It’s me.
3. Possessive adjectives: they are followed immediately by a noun. They can’t stand alone.
My house is on Sukhumvit Road.
4. Possessive pronouns
• They are not followed by nouns. They stand alone.
A: My house is on Sukhumvit Road. Where is yours?
B: Mine is on Samsen Road.
• Use a possessive pronoun with a noun in this expression.
This is an interest of hers. The great experience of ours
• It’s very common to use a possessive pronoun with friend. We can also use friend of + a
name with a possessive apostrophe.
Are they friends of yours? - No, they are very good friends of Christ’s.
Is he a good friend of yours? - Yes, he is a good friend of mine.
5. Reflexive pronouns
• They are used as objects of verbs or prepositions when the subject and the object of the
sentence are the same person or things.
I look at myself in the mirror and ask myself a question.
Did he hurt himself in the match?
Enjoy yourselves.
Behave yourselves, please!
• They can also be used to emphasize the noun they follow.
A: Your ring is very beautiful. Who bought it for you? B: I bought it myself.
I myself did the report for you.
 94

• They can be used with expression ‘by + reflexive pronoun’ to mean ‘alone’.
A: Did your sister help you prepare the meal?
B: No, I just did it by myself.

Exercise 1 Complete the sentences about the pharaoh Tutankhamun with personal pronouns (I,
you, he, etc.) and possessive adjectives (my, your, his, etc.).
1. ___________ has been famous ever since ___________ tomb was discovered in 1922.
2. However, little is known about ___________ for certain.
3. ___________ began ___________ reign with the name of Tutankhaten at the age of nine.
4. Because of his youth, it was probably ___________ chief minister Ay who ruled instead of
___________.
5. While still a boy, ___________ married Ankhesenpatten.
6. As a result of political changes, both ___________ names were later changed.
7. Tutankhamun’s death took place when ___________ was still a teenager.
8. The ancient Egyptians buried ___________ young pharaoh in a tomb full of beautiful objects.
9. In modern times these objects have been seen by thousands of tourists and ___________ have
made Tutankhamun famous.
10. If you want to see ___________ death mask and other amazing objects, you ill have to visit
the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

Note. From Macmillan English Grammar in Context (p.135), by V. Micheal, 2008, Oxford: Macmillan.

Exercise 2 Complete the sentence with a possessive or an object pronoun.

1. This bag belongs to me. This bag is ____________.
2. This is his car. This car is ____________.
3. This laptop belongs to her. This laptop is ____________.
4. This book is ours. This book belong to____________.
5. That is your mobile phone. That mobile phone is ____________.
6. We own this farm. This farm belongs to ____________. This farm is ____________.
7. They own those shoes. Those shoes are __________. Those shoes belong to ____________.
8. That’s ____________. I own this calculator. This calculator is ____________.
 95

9. She has a lot of pets. The pets are ____________.

10. Is this ____________? Do you own this? Does this belong to ____________?

Exercise 3 Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the given word in the brackets.
1. Jacob is one of my friends. (mine)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. That picture was yours. (your)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. This house belongs to our family. (ours)
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Tom is talking to one of his friends. (his)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. This is my car key, but where is the one belongs to you? (yours)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. This is her doll. (she)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Do they own that diamond? (theirs)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. This suitcase is his. (him)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Linda talks to one of her friends on the phone every day. (hers)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. This ball belongs to the children. (they)
___________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4 Complete the sentences with appropriate reflexive pronouns.

1. Ryan told a lie. He was ashamed of ___________________.
2. Marie cut ___________________ while she was carving the fruits.
3. People always surround ___________________ with their love ones during holidays.
4. My friend, Oscar, is telling the truth but nobody believes him. However, I ____________do.
5. Their parents live by ___________________ because their children have already moved out.
 96

6. A: I really don’t know what to do about this problem.

B: Well, only you ___________________ can solve it.
7. Be careful! You’re going to hurt ___________________.
8. A: I envy my friend. He’s self-employed.
B: Yeah, I’d love to work for ___________________, too.
9. Jane, you need to get more exercise. You should take better care of ___________________.
Your father and I are healthy because we take really good care of ___________________.
People who love ______________should eat well and exercise a lot in order to stay healthy.
10. Jack was very surprised when he looked at ___________________ in the mirror.

Exercise 5 Complete the letter with appropriate pronouns.

Dear Ellie
Thank you for (1) ______________ card. It was good to hear from (2) ______________
and to know (3) _______________ news. Let (4) _______________ tell you my news. In June,
(5) _______________sister, Isabel, is getting married to Joe. Do you remember? I met Joe ten
years ago, so he’s an old friend of (6) _______________. (7) _______________ are getting
married in the afternoon and my parents are having a big party for (8) _______________ in the
evening. Isabel’s not been well recently, so (9) _______’m really happy for (10) ____________,
and for Joe too. After the wedding, they’re coming to stay with (11) _______________ because
they haven’t got an apartment yet. So we’ll be one big, happy family.
My good friend, Pete, is taking (12) _______________ final exam next month. After that,
(13) ____________ wants to get a job in a hospital. I think it’ll be difficult for (14) __________,
but he really wants to be a doctor. Good luck to (15) _______________!
Last week I met Jane and Tina Sarton. Do you remember (16) _______________?
(17)_______________ brother was at school with us. I gave Jane your telephone number and she
gave me (18) _______________. Perhaps we can all meet sometime soon.
I must stop now. By the way, I found a silver pen in my room. It’s not (19) ___________.
Is it (20) _______________? I know you’ve got a silver one. My parents send (21)__ _________
love to you and (22)_______________ parents.

Love, Liz

Note. From Essential Grammar in Use supplementary Exercises (p.79), by N. Helen and M. Raymond, 2011, Dubai: Oriental Press.
 97

4.4 Pronouns: Reciprocal Pronouns, Indefinite Pronouns and One(s)

Reciprocal Pronouns
• ‘Each other’ and ‘one another’ are used when two or more people are acting in the same
way toward the other. Traditionally, ‘each other’ refers to the action of only two people
while ‘one another’ refers to the action of more than two people.
You and I helped each other a lot.
(You helped me and I helped you.)
They didn’t look at one another.
(He didn't look at the other people and the other people didn't look at him.)
• We also use the possessive forms each other’s and one another’s.
They exchange each other’s telephone numbers.
We often stayed in one another’s houses.

Indefinite Pronouns
everyone someone anyone no one
everybody somebody anybody nobody
everything something anything nothing

• Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to people or things without saying exactly who or
what they are. The pronouns ending in -body or -one refer to people while the ones
ending in -thing refer to things. We use a singular verb after an indefinite pronoun
Everybody loves the movie.
I opened the door but there was no one inside.
It was a very sunny day. We could see everything on the mountain.
Everything was ready for the party.
• We normally use a plural pronoun to refer back to an indefinite pronoun.
Everybody enjoyed the party. They stood up and clapped.
I’ll tell everybody that we are ready to go. They have been waiting for us for a long time.
• We can add -'s to an indefinite pronoun to make a possessive.
The thief was driving somebody’s car.
Is this anybody’s bag?
 98

• We use indefinite pronouns with no- as the subject in negative clauses (not pronouns with
any.)
Anybody didn’t come = Nobody came.
Anything didn’t happen = Nothing happened
• We use else after indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things to mean ‘other’ or
‘more’.
I didn’t know it was you. I thought it was someone else.
No one else came to the party, just our close relatives.
So that's pork, onions and celery. Do you want anything else?
Note
• Somewhere, anywhere, nowhere and everywhere are adverbials.
They couldn’t find the keys anywhere.
There is nowhere to park in this area.
Flowers can be found everywhere on Earth.

One(s)
• We use one (singular) and ones (plural) to avoid unnecessary repetition.
See those two girls? Helen is the tall one and Jane is the short one.
Which is your new shirt, the red one or the blue one?
My pants are torn. I need some new ones.
Let’s look at the photos. The ones you took in Phuket.

Exercise 1 Underline the correct pronouns.

1. Sally hurt herself / each other when climbing the tree.
2. Peter and Sue helped each other / themselves with the homework.
3. Did she make herself / one another a cup of coffee?
4. Belle and Billy smiled at each other / herself.
5. We're meeting ourselves / one another at the station.
6. During the meeting, Marie and Mason were talking to themselves / each other online.
7. We need to concentrate them / ourselves.
8. Many prisoners were fighting to one another / ourselves.
 99

9. We gave a hug to each other / ourselves.

10. Students were calling one another / themselves for help.

Exercise 2 Complete the sentence so that it contains a word beginning some-, any-, no-, every-.
1. We have all heard of the Pyramid of Giza, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
__________________________ (have) heard of the Pyramid of Giza, one of the seven
wonders of the ancient world.
2. It’s not know exactly how such a huge pyramid was built.
__________________________ (know) exactly how such a huge pyramid was built.
3. This huge project probably involved all the people who could work.
This huge project probably involved _________________ who could work.
4. We can also assume that it must have been designed and planned.
We can also assume that _________________ must have designed and planned it.
5. Most pyramids were tombs, but now they are empty inside.
Most pyramids were tombs, but now there (be) _________________ inside.
6. If you ask people whether there were pyramids in Greece, they would probably answer ‘No’.
If you ask _________________ whether there were pyramids in Greece, they would
probably answer ‘No’.
7. People all suppose that the Egyptian pyramids are the oldest, but this may not be true.
___________________________ (suppose) that the Egyptian pyramids are the oldest, but this
may not be true.
8. People don’t visit the Greek pyramid of Hellenikon, but in fact it may be older than any of
the Egyptian pyramids.
________________________ (visit) the Greek pyramid of Hellenikon, but in fact it may be
older than any of the Egyptian pyramids.
9. People don’t know exactly why it was built, but it is believed to be a monument over a tomb.
_______________________ (know) exactly why it was built, but it is believed to be a
monument over a tomb.
10. It’s not one of the seven wonders of the world, but it is an interesting thing.
It’s not one of the seven wonders of the world, but it is ________________ interesting.

Note. From Macmillan English Grammar in Context (p.136), by V. Micheal, 2008, Oxford: Macmillan.
 100

Exercise 3 Complete the sentences with a word beginning some-, any-, no- and every-.
Sonia: These shoes are very expensive.
James: (1) ________________ is expensive in this shop.
Sonia: And why are there only high-heels? I’d like to see some sandals.
James: It’s fashionable. (2) ________________ loves wearing high-heels.

Daniel: My grandfather says that things were much better when he was young.
Molly: Yes, a lot of old people think that way. They think that (3)________________ was better
in the past.
Daniel: And he also says that things around him, particularly in our country are changing too
quickly nowadays.
Molly: It’s not only our country. It’s (4) ________________!

Eric: Did you enjoy your holidays in France?

Jim: Yes, very much, but it was quite busy (5) ________________. It was a public holiday
and (6) ________________ wanted to spend time outdoors.

Dan: I’m quite hungry. I haven’t had my breakfast.

Leila: Would you like (7) ________________ to eat then?
Dan: Yes, please.

Jane: It’s getting boring these days. I have (8) ________________ to do during this summer
vacations.
Pete: Go and play sports you like.
Jane: All of my friends are abroad, so I haven’t got (9) ________________ with.

Gerry: Go and talk to you granddad. He’s in the garage.

Larry: I haven’t got (10)________________ to say to him.
Gerry: Of course you have. You can talk about (11) _________ such as school, sports, etc.
 101

Exercise 4 Replace the underlined part of the sentence with a word beginning some-, any-, no-,
every-, and else.
1. There is another thing I want to buy.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. I think I’d like to have some advice from another person.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Another thing is bothering me.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. I’m the only person here. All the other people have left.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Jeremy is crazy about football. He thinks about only that.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Is there another person willing to join?
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Does another person want to borrow the library books?
___________________________________________________________________________
8. There isn’t another thing in the fridge. It’s empty.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. His girlfriend told him that she is in love with another person!
___________________________________________________________________________
10. Hurry! Another person wants to park.
___________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 5 Complete the sentences by using ‘one’ or ‘ones’.

1. How old are your children? The younger _______ is only two and the older _______ is four.
2. The new laptops are much lighter than the old __________ .
3. I don't mind what kind of transportation it is, I just want the __________ that helps get me
there the fastest.
4. Which __________ do you like most; this __________ or that __________ ?
5. I need some new plates. The __________ I have at the moment are broken.
6. I hope this evening’s ceremony will be the __________ to remember for life.
 102

7. I’ve lost my lipsticks. They’re new __________ .

8. What kind of drink is that? - It’s unsweetened __________.
9. What sort of holiday are you having this summer? - A sunny __________.
10. Hand me a knife. I want a sharp __________.

Exercise 6 Complete the text with one suitable word in each space.
One of the adventures of Odysseus is the story of Polyphemus the Cyclops, a one-eyed
giant. Odysseus arrived at the island with (1)______________ men, and took some of them to
the cave where Poluphemus lived. There wasn’t (2)______________ else in the cave, only some
sheep and goats. When the Cyclops arrived, he shut (3)______________ in his cave by rolling a
huge rock over the entrance and then killed some of the men. (4)______________ else could
move the rock, so Odysseus knew that it would be foolish to kill the Cyclops. He had to think of
(5)______________ else to do. He waited until the evening and made the Cyclops drunk. He told
the Cyclops that his name was (6)______________. When the giant was asleep, Odysseus and
his men pushed a huge piece of wood into his eye, so that he became blind. The Cyclops shouted
with pain, and some other giants heard and asked him who had injured (7)______________. He
told them Odysseus’s name, and so they laughed, and supposed that he had just hurt
(8)______________. Odysseus and his men escaped by hiding (9)______________ under the
sheep as they left the cave in the morning. Polyphemus couldn’t see or feel (10)_____________.
The giant threw huge rocks at the Greek’s ship, but they managed to escape from the island.

Note. From Macmillan English Grammar in Context (p.137), by V. Micheal, 2008, Oxford: Macmillan.

Extension Activity
Write sentences using the given words.
1. (someone, everywhere)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. (no one, us)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. (nowhere, they)
___________________________________________________________________________
 103

4. (we, each other)

___________________________________________________________________________
5. (she, herself)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. (I, one)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. (he, his, )
___________________________________________________________________________
8. (they, something else)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. (everybody, they)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. (me, anything)
___________________________________________________________________________

References