Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Intro To Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Intro To Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Intro To Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Introduction to CBT
Cognition
Emotion Behavior
Planning
Organization
Time Management
Task Management
Delay of Gratification / Poor Impulse Control
(inhibition of behavior)
Goal Directedness (initiation of behavior)
Cognition
Human cognition tends to be categorical and
hierarchical. (We sort and categorize.) This
is biologically determined – it’s how the brain
works.
Sorting and categorizing makes learning
possible, through a process of assimilation
and accommodation.
Categorizing and comparing allows us to
arrive at efficient rules for sorting the vast
amount of information that confronts us every
waking moment.
Cognition #2
Early-acquired cognitive rules form basic
schema that tell us what information is
important for survival:
Active Latent
Non-Compelling
Self-Schema
Beliefs about Self are acquired from:
Stories told about the child within his/her hearing
Stories told directly to the child about themselves
Reflections of and reactions to the child’s behavior
by significant others
Stories erroneously adopted (false memories)
Events that happened to others
Events in books or on television
Personal experience
Interpretations of early life events
Experiences of success and failure
Self-Schema Examples
The Self may be experienced as…
Known Unknown
Powerful Powerless
Victim Hero
Self-determining Other-controlled
Skilled Unskilled
Strong Weak
Big Small
Schema about the World - general
The nature of God
God is/isn’t;
Is vengeful, just, merciful;
Is personal/impersonal;
Is relevant/irrelevant;
Takes an active part/observes but does not
interfere;
Has a personal relationship with us/is
available only through the mediation of a
shaman or intermediary
Schema about the World – general - 2
The nature of Man
Man is savage, noble, erring, divine;
Is trustworthy/untrustworthy;
Is innocent/sinful; villainous/heroic;
Is powerful/powerless;
Has agency and free will/has a
predestined fate.
Schema about the World – general - 3
The nature of the World
The world is mysterious/knowable;
Is fair/unfair/impartial;
Is dangerous/benign;
Is meaningful/meaningless;
Schema about the World – 4
Gender roles
Men should/are/will…
Women should/are/will…
Power
Family roles
Birth order & role within the family
Relative value of boys and girls
Generational relationships
Power dynamics
Role of father, mother, children, boundary diffusion
Matriarchal/Patriarchal
Rules about family membership, diffuseness of
boundary around the family
Nature of success
Schema about the World – 5
Ethnicity/Culture/Subculture
Foods, clothing;
Definition of family;
Parent/child relationship;
Nature of respect;
Individual-family-group balance
Achievement & striving
Goal of development
Relationship with dominant culture
Relationship with authority
Schema about the World – 6
Country/Region - examples
What’s edible?
The South shall rise again.
Texas-sized
Revolutionists, freedom-fighters
The “show me” state
Northeastern taciturnity
The Second City, a city of farmers
More nuts per square inch…
Sophisticated; Big Apple
Schema about the Future
The future is…
Controllable/uncontrollable
Bright/dim
Changeable/unchangeable
Likely to be worse, better, the
same
Frightening/unfrightening
Schema result in behavioral
imperatives:
I am…
Therefore I must…
Schema provide us with a cognitive
map that
Explains the past (where we’ve been)
Cognition
Behavior Emotion
Cognitive, emotional and behavioral patterns may
cause, contribute to, maintain, contribute to
resistance in changing, or cause relapses in
symptoms.
Behaviorally
Who, what, when,
anchor the ends of
where?
the continuum.
Assessment ala CBT/CT cont’d.
Formal Assessment Tools
Beck Depression Inventory
Beck Anxiety Scale
Beck Hopelessness Scale
Burns Anxiety Inventory
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale
Fear Survey Schedule
And MANY more…
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