Key to Exercises

UNIT 1 2.3 UNIT 4

2 You're forever asking me for money.
1.1
4.1
3 You're constantly criticising my
2 a 'm (am) measuring 2 was hoping - gave
driving. -
b measures 3 lived - was spending / was living
4 You're continually changing your mind.
3 a doubt spent
5 You're forever moaning about (your)
4 started - was checking in
b doubt
work.
4 a is currently attracting ('attracts' is 5 was looking- saw
also possible) 2.4 6 came - was showing

b attract The most likely verbs are given: 7 was playing - broke

5 a doesn't 1 a we're (are) usually eating (‘we 8 went off - lit

like 4
b 'm (am) not liking ('don’t like’ is also usually eat' is also possible) 9 wasn't listening (‘didn't listen' is also
b don't eat possible) - was explaining ('explained'
possible)
2 a plays (‘is playing' is also possible) is also possible)
6 a ’re (are) fitting 7
b 're (are) constantly playing 10 added -tasted
b doesn’t fit

('constantly play' is also possible) 11 wasn't watching (‘didn't watch' is also

7 a feels
3 a I'm normally taking (’I normally possible) - was dreaming (‘dreamt’ is
b ’m (am) not feeling ('don’t feel’ is

also possible) take* is also possible. It would also possible)

would suggest, however, that this is the 12 pushed -ran

8 a consists of ('consists only of’

also be possible) time they leave home. Present

4.2
b consists of continuous suggests that they are both
I 'was getting’ and ‘got’ are

9 a 's (is) sounding ('sounds' is also on the way to school at 8:30.)

The past simple suggests that
possible.
b takes
possible) one event followed the other: got in I

b sounds and then the lights went off. The past

10 a 's (is) having UNIT 3 continuous suggests that the lights

b has 3.1 went off as I was in the process of

1 went getting ready to get into the bath.

1.2
2 've (have) had 'was checking in' or ‘checked in’ are
1 apologise / 'm apolog s ng i i

3 wore both possible with a similar meaning.

2 admit / 'm adm i tting-
4 've (have) spent Using the past continuous presents
3 don't suggest / 'm not suggesting
5 overslept ‘checking in' as the background event
(both possible)
6 haven't read which was going on as the couple
4 now realise / 'm now realising (both
started to chat to him.
possible) 3.2
'was playing' and ‘played’ are both
5 confess / ' m confess ng- i
1 hasn't wanted - fell
possible. The past continuous suggests
has worked - hasn't had
/ 'm considering
6 cons d er i
2
that this was a temporary rather than
7 do you find / are you finding (both 3 rescued - has been
a regular arrangement.
possible) 4 has happened - spoke
II 'didn't watch' and 'dreamt' are
8 know / 'm know i f»g- 5 have been able - have felt
/ also possible. However, the past
9 don't guarantee ’m not guaranteeing 6 has improved - has been
continuous emphasises that ‘not
(both possible)
3.3 watching’ and 'dreaming' went on at
10 promise / -hti prom i sin g
1 a sign ed- 've (have) signed the same time and seems more likely

b signed / here.
UNIT2
2 a f i nished 've (have) finished
4.3
2.1 b finished S
shoots, are attacking
1 was buying
1
3 a got /
waiting, says 2 saw
2 arrives, is
b -get- have got
3 turned
3 is playing, stands, starts 4 heard /
a
4 was slowly putting (Past simple in 3
b heard- 've (have) heard
2.2 and past continuous in 4 seem most
Possible answers 3.4 here as ‘turned round' describes
likely
2 gather Vegecorp are going to sack a The most appropriate tenses are given a completed action and ‘was slowly
I

thousand workers. 1 has visited putting' describes the action that was
3 I understand we're going to have a 2 has closed (or has been closed; present going on at that time. However, past
new public holiday for the President’s perfect passive) - died also possible in 3 and
continuous is

birthday. has dropped - has fallen also possible in 4.)

3 past simple is

4 Ed tells me Bruno's crashed his car

4 have been stolen (present perfect 5 was carrying
again. passive) - insisted - held 6 walked
5 Julia says she's got a new job. picked up
7
6 They say they’ve identified a gene
8 thought
which causes some people to overeat. was looking
9

251
 .

Key to Exercises

10 dropped 11 had finished / finished 8 have been planning / (‘have planned'

11 had 12 had eaten (Note: In North American is also possible)
12 noticed English 'ate' would also be possible.) 9
13 was watching 10
5.3
14 hurried written / also wrote
2 Lara hadn't intended to become a
15 were walking / walked (similar
dentist ...
meaning)
3 I had expected the operation to be
UNIT 7
16 ran
painful ... 7.1

4 hadn't thought of cooking rabbit 1 a had only been working (‘had only
UNIT 5
I
. .

5 He hadn't meant to insult her ... (or worked' is also possible)

5.1
He hadn't meant it to be an insult to b had finally worked

events order order her ...) 2 a had carried

events are of b had been carrying (‘had carried' is

mentioned events UNIT 6 also possible)

in text
3 a had applied
6.1
b had been applying (‘had applied' is
1 moved... 2 2
1 a 's (has) been staying (‘has stayed’ is
also possible)
also possible)
1 learnt... 5 6 4 a had flown
b 've (have) stayed
The property 9 8 b had been flying
2 a have been stopping (‘have stopped'
developer is also possible) 7.2
decided... b has stopped 1 had been trying (‘had tried' is also
3 a haven't read possible)
1 heard... 8 9
b 've (have) been reading (‘have read' 2 had visited
1 first saw the 1 3 is also possible) 3 had cost
old house
4 a has been giving (‘has given' is also 4 had been writing (‘had written'is also
A property 6 4 possible) possible)
developer b has given 5 had been worrying (‘had worried’ is

bought it 5 a haven't swum also possible)

b 've (have) been swimming 106 had arrived
1 nearly gave 7 7
6 a have been putting (‘have put' is also 7 had always believed
up...
possible) 8 had been talking
1
put together 4 5 b has (or ’have') put The past continuous is more likely in 8
enough 8 a has disappeared (We were talking ...).
money... b have been disappearing (‘have
73
It was empty 3 disappeared' is also possible)
1
1 /
6.2 2 had been taken
The first past 'point of reference' is ‘When
I first saw the old house'. Events before
a 3 y (Note that ‘What happened?' is also
1 has been claim ng has claimed i
possible)
this are in the past perfect: ‘I had just 10
2 ha v e been dying died 4 had just heard
moved'... ‘It had been empty'.
The second past ‘point of reference' is
3 have been making / (‘have made' is 5 y
also possible) 6 had been
when ‘I learnt...'. Events before this are in
fishing

the past perfect: ‘I had put together' ...

7 /
produced 8 hadn't wanted
‘had bought'. Notice that we could use *1

5 -
have been awarding awarded 9
put together' here as the order of events is

made clear by ‘By the time...'.

6 have been looking S (‘have looked' had collapsed
and 'looked' are also possible)
The third past ‘point of reference' is '...

when I heard that the house was for sale

7 have also been exploring S (‘have also UNIT 8
explored' and ‘also explored' are also
again'. Events before this are in the past 8.1
possible)
perfect: ‘I had nearly given up’... The The most likely verbs and tenses are given.
8 h as be e n mak ng has
-
i / have made /
property developer had decided...'. 2 got / arrived
made
5.2
3 feel / am feeling (Present simple and
b
present continuous have a similar
1 had met 1 -ha s-been i nvest ng invested
i

2 had been meaning here.)

/ went 2 has beon announcing has announced
-

3 had taken 4 go
/ took 3 has been increasing / (‘has increased'
5 know
4 had seen is also possible)
6 spent
5 had lost 4 has been running S (’has run' is also
7 texted
6 had found possible)
7 had cheated
8 was waiting
/ cheated 5 has been neglecting (‘has
8 had made up 9 got
neglected' is also possible)
9 had gone went
felt / was feeling (Past simple and past
/ 6 has been cutting S (‘has cut' is also
10 hadn't heard
continuous have a similar meaning
possible)
here.)
7

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 Key to Exercises

11 got 6 'l l- be- 's going to be (decision already 11 play (or ‘plays') (fixed event;‘will play'

12 enjoy / is enjoying (Present simple made) is also possible)

and present continuous have a similar 7 ’ll have 're going to have (prediction 12 will accept (prediction)

meaning here, although the present based on present evidence) 13 want (with 'supposing')

continuous may suggest that she is 8 'U-seU -

're going to sell (prediction 14 read (with ‘by the time')

not living in Adelaide permanently.) based on present evidence)

10.2
13 is looking 9 'll cut 'm going to cut (decision
1 (c) i s leavmg- (prediction perhaps
14 seems already made)
based on opinion, experience or
15 doesn't get on / isn't getting 10 'll be-stcfc -
's going to be sick
present evidence). ‘Will leave' and ‘is

on (Present simple and present (prediction based on present

going to leave' have a similar meaning
continuous have a similar meaning evidence); 'll feel / (prediction based
here.
here, although the present continuous on opinion past experience)
/
2 (a) w i ll buy (planned future
suggests that this is a temporary 11 'll leave 'm going to leave (decision
event). ‘I'm going to buy' suggests
problem.) already made); will you tell / (or
an intention without a definite
16 complain / are constantly complaining ‘are you going to tell'; asking about
arrangement; ‘I'm buying’ suggests a
(Note the word order.) something planned); 'll try / (decision
definite arrangement - perhaps the
17 is starting made at moment of speaking) speaker has bought the car and is

18 asked 12 'll have 'm going to have (decision

-

simply picking it up next week.

19 am looking already made); ’ll see- 're going to

20 hear / heard (Present simple and past see (decision already made); 'll sort
made at moment of
(offer; decision
simple have a similar meaning here.) out / (decision made at moment of
speaking)
speaking)
8.2 4 (a) w i ll dr ve- (planned future event).
i

13 / (decision made at moment of

suggests a personal
‘I'm going to drive'
The most likely tenses are given.
speaking) more
intention; ‘I'm driving' suggests a
2 said (‘has said' is also possible, but less
14 'm go ng to have 'll have (decision
i

definite arrangement - perhaps the

likely here)
made at moment of speaking) speaker has been told to go there by
3 heard / had heard
15 / (prediciton based on opinion / past
their employer.
4 returned / had returned
experience)
5 (c) s cutting- (permanent future
had come
i

5 came /
16 'll b u U4- 'm going to build (decision situation). ‘Will cut' and ‘is going to
6 was / had been
already made) have a similar meaning here.
cut'
7 left

9.2 6 (b) om go i ng to-eeU-; (c) om coll ng i

8 appointed
Example verbs are given (promise; decision made at time of
9 finished
2 going to plant (main clause action speaking)
10 have won ’re

11 accused does not depend on action in the if- 7 (a) w i ll serve (planned future event).

clause) As the present continuous for the

12 has disappointed
3 hurt / 're going to hurt (conditional future suggests a definite arrangement,
13 has spent 'll

- negative) using ‘I am serving lunch’ in this

8.3
4 will ... buy (request) context suggests ’... and I am not
1 'Has he had' or ‘Has he been having’ changing what plan to do', perhaps
5 will start / stop (logical consequence) I

are more likely showing some irritation or annoyance.

6 'm going to see (main clause action
2 y 10 does not depend on action in the if- 8 (c) ore starv ing- (no control over
3 thought / had thought predicted event). ‘Will starve' and ‘are
clause)
4 has worked / has been working going to starve' have a similar meaning
7 'll be sacked / 's going to be sacked
5 had been trying here. However, as 'will' is often used to
(conditional - negative)
6 did you go talk about future facts, it may express
8 ’ll hear (ability)
7 heard more certainty in this context.
8 / (‘went' also possible) is
UNIT 10 10.3
9 / (‘checked' also possible) is

10.1 1
10 have said / said

11 / (‘have given' is also possible) 1 get (fixed event; ‘will get' is also 1 is joining / joins X (will join / is going

possible) to join /)
12 have told ('told' is also possible)
2 will look after (less routine 2 are liking X like X (will like / are going
UNIT 9 arrangement) to like /)
3 rains (with ‘in case') 3 is coming / comes / (will come
9.1
4 will give out (less routine [but present continuous, present
2 y (prediction based on opinion / past
arrangement) simple or* be going to' are more
experience)
5 goes (fixed event; ‘will go' is also natural here] is going to come /)
3 / (decision made at moment of
/
possible) 4 is giving X gives X (will give is going
speaking) also
6 starts (fixed event; ‘will start' is to give X)
4 W i ll you toko up Are you going to
possible) 2
take up (prediction based on present y
7 stops (with ’provided') 1 is / are sacking / sack X (will sack
evidence)
8 change (with ‘what if') [but present continuous or ’be going
5 y (prediction based on opinion / past
9 will miss (prediction) to' are more natural here] is / are going
experience)
lend (with ‘unless’) to sack y)

253