WF Opcl2017

OPEN CLOZE 1 (10PTS)
SMALL TALK
It’s often said the British talk about the weather more than any other nationality in the world.
Some people even go so far as to claim that they talk about little (1)……….. But while it may seem that
the British alone have an undue (2)………..with the weather, the fact is, climatic conditions are a
common topic of conversation all around the world. This is hardly surprising. After all, the weather is
one of the few things that we all have in common, and it influences us profoundly. It affects our (3)
………..of mind, our daily activities, our weekend plans and more.
But that’s only (4)………..of the story. There’s really a lot (5) ………..to it than that. In Britain,
conversations about the weather are usually not really about the weather at all. The British use comments
about the weather to (6)………..the ice in social situations, (7)………..awkward or uncomfortable
silences during conversations, or, (8)……….., as a greeting. Remarks like “Nice day, isn’t it?”, “Ooh,
isn’t it hot?” and “Looks like rain, no?” are not requests for meteorological data. Rather, they are ritual
greetings used to indicate someone wishes to engage you in conversation; or they are just signs of
friendliness. Learners of the English should do (9) ……….. to understand the fundamental function
remarks about the weather (10)……….. in British social interaction.
OPEN CLOZE 2 (10 PTS)
AIRPORT AVATARS
Smiling, computerized, talking avatars are being introduced at airports around the world in a bid to
make travelers’ journeys more efficient. The life-sized hologram projections which are situated at key
points in airports such as just before security, read out pre-recorded messages designed to help passengers
-anything from the location of bathrooms and taxi stands (1) …………. on-flight liquid restrictions and
security regulations. Some of these virtual assistants, which have been unveiled at New York’s JFK and
Paris' Orly airport among others, have a sensor which activates their (2) …………. when a person walks
(3)…………. a few feet of them. (4)…………. repeat their pre-programmed speeches on a loop. All
dispense their information in comforting and informative voices intended to calm passenger’s nerves.
So (5)…………. are these latest airport employees faring? According to airport staff, feedback
from passengers has been largely positive. More importantly, though, these avatars are proving effective.
Because they are so lifelike, passengers can’t help, but look at them and take notice of what they are
saying. Thus, they are doing what they were designed to (6)…………. : ease the workload on the
airport’s flesh -and-(7)…………. staff. Will we one day see avatars at all airports? Perhaps. But with
one (8)……. The current avatars are not interactive - they cannot hold conversations with (9)…………..
Developers are hopeful that (10)…………. additions to this series of avatars will be active.
II. WORD FORMATION: (20 PTS)
PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1 He is …………. for his charitable activities than for his business in the steel industry . (KNOW)
2. Our bodies are naturally …………. by our organs of elimination - the skin, lungs, intestines, kidneys
and liver. (TOXIC)
3. He’s such a/an…………. who always pretends to know everything. (INTELLECT)
4. She should take these…………. drugs to treat her state. (DEPRESS )
5. The audience was mesmerized by her clear and …………. voice. (SOUND)
6. A number of local church leaders have acted as …………. with the people in the vicinity. (GO)
7. The ban on firecrackers was …………. introduced to reduce the number of accidents. (EXPRESS )
8. He sold the car to a/an…………. who paid with a worthless stolen cheque. (TRICK )
9. It was…………. for a new band to be offered such a deal. (HEAR)
10. John was arrested for smuggling…………. . (BAN)
PART 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
satisfy graph succeed write intense
precede apparent great force sign
The invention of the telegraph in 1843 (1)………… a new era in communication technology, the
electronic era - so called because the telegraph used electrical signals to carry information along an
electrical wire. The telegraph fed society’s (2)…………appetite for immediate access to the
information, and it provided a foundation for (3) ………… technologies: the telephone in 1876, the (4)
…………- or record player - in 1878, film and movies in the 1890s, radio in 1919, and television in
1925.
As with the earliest (5)………… books, radio techno logy was at first restricted to the educated
few, scientists and researchers, but later spread to the (6)…………society. By the 1930s, the middle
classes were listening to news, drama, comedy, and musical performances from thousands of miles
away. Radio was the first mass broadcast medium and, together with television a few decades later, it
was responsible for altering both the pattern and volume of information that flowed into people’s homes.
The invention of electronic media changed communication more than any other technological event
since the development of writing. The spread of electronic media occurred with a/an (7)…………speed,
thus (8)…………commercial and social interaction. There was a tremendous shift in how people received
the information that contributed to their understanding of the world. Voices or pictures could create ideas
that (9…………authentic - more so than ideas conveyed by the printed world. The graphic, intensely
human nature of electronic media (10)………… the belief that if it was on the air, it had to be true.
CLOZE TEST 1:
THE EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN
When acid rain gets into lakes and streams, it kills the fish and other (1)…………..and plants that
live there. Many rivers in Scandinavia no longer have any fish. All the fish have been killed by acid rain.
Acid rain can also (2)…………..plants on land, including farm crops and forests. By the mid-1980s, acid
rain had damaged or killed almost half of the trees in Germany’s Black Forest. The (3)…………..surfaces
of stone buildings and monuments can also be corroded, or worn (4)………….., by acid rain. Some of the
world’s greatest buildings and monuments show signs of damage caused by acid rain. Acid rain eats
away
(5)…………..the steel in bridges and railings as well.
REDUCING ACID RAIN
Most of the (6) …………..that produce acid rain come from power stations, factories, and vehicles.
Power stations and factory (7)…………..can be fitted with devices that remove these gases. (8)
………….. can be fitted with catalytic converters, which reduce the pollution in exhaust fumes. (9)
………….., the
devices to reduce the acid gases are expensive. Not all governments, companies, and individuals are
willing to spend the (10)…………..money on them.
HOW DO REEFS FORM?
Coral reefs play an important role in ocean life. Many kinds of plants, fish, and other animals live
(11)………… and around a coral reef. Even the reef itself is made mostly of tiny coral animals, both
living and dead.
Coral animals do not move around. These tiny (12)…………..live together in groups called
colonies. One single coral animal is called a polyp. It has a body (13)…………..like a tube. Its mouth is
on the top of the tube. Little tentacles around the mouth help the coral polyp catch food that (14)
…………..by. Coral
animals eat microscopic sea creatures called zooplankton.
The reef-building polyp makes a hard (15)…………..shell for itself from materials found in
seawater. When the polyp dies, the shell is left behind. The shells from colonies of polyps build up (16)
………….. time to form a rock called limestone. This limestone becomes the inner part of the reef. The
living coral
animals form the (17)…………..part of the reef. As each layer of polyps dies, their stony skeletons get
added to the reef. A new layer then grows on top of the (18)…………... This is how a reef gets bigger.
Tiny (19)………….. -celled algae called zooxanthellae live in coral polyps. The polyp and the
algae make (20)…………..for one another. The polyps could not live without the algae.
WORD FORMATION 1. Give the correct form of each word in brackets to complete these
sentences.
1. In some courts, audio recordings are considered (ADMIT)................... evidence.
2. Our new neighbor seems the (EFFACE) ................... type who seldom talks about themselves.
3. The sculptor always pays great attention to even the tiniest detail of every of his works fearing that it
may sink to (MEDIOCRE)....................
4. I can’t see why the board of leaders keep (COMMIT)...................over the debate about whether or not
to dismiss the current coach.
5. (AGE)...................marriage has been made illegal by most modern societies.
6. We all find the governments’ effort to solve environmental problems (MERIT)...................
7. Although (PERCEIVE)................... to some people, the impacts of unhealthy lifestyles are for real.
8. The country is now heavily in debt due to the government’s financial (MANAGE)...................
9. He’s such a(n) (INTELLECT)...................who always pretends to know everything.
10. I hate admitting defeat but in this case the opposition is (REFUTE)................... correct.
WORD FORMATION 2. Choose one suitable word from the box and change its form to fill in each
blank in the following text.
able academy anticipation collaborate combine
dedicate expect memory physical value
Physical exercise is good for mind, body and spirit. Furthermore, team sports are good for learning
accountability, (1) ..................., and leadership, among many other traits. Putting it all together by playing
a sport is a winning (2) .................... First of all, sports can make us (3) ................... better. Playing a
sport requires a lot of time and energy. Some may think this would distract student-athletes from school
work. However, the opposite is true. Sports require (4) ..................., repetition and learning - skill sets
that are
directly relevant to classwork. Also, the determination and goal-setting skills sports require can be
transferred to the classroom. Sports also teach teamwork and help achieve goals. Fighting for a common
goal with a host of other players, coaches, managers and community members teaches you how to
build (5) ................... and effectively communicate the best way to solve problems en route to a victory.
This proves (6)................... in life when encountering problems at work, at home, or in any arena. Next,
sports are (7) ................... beneficial. Clearly, sports will improve your fitness and weight goals.
Moreover, they also (8) ................... healthy decisions such as not smoking or drinking and offer some
(9)................... health benefits such as a lower chance of getting osteoporosis or breast cancer later in life.
Also, being part of a team (10)...................you showing up and working hard is plenty of motivation for
you to get to the gym day in and day out.
TEST 1
Stress problems are very common. The American Psychological Association's 2007 "Stress in
America" poll found that one-third of people in the United States report experiencing extreme levels of
negative stress. In (1) ................... , nearly one out of five people report that they are experiencing high
levels of negative stress 15 or more days per month. Impressive (2)................... these figures are,
they represent only a cross-section of people's stress levels at one particular moment of their lives. When
stress is (3)...................as something that occurs repeatedly across the full lifespan, the true incidence of
stress problems is much higher. (4) ................... "stressed out" is thus a universal human phenomenon
that affects(5)................... everyone.
What are we talking about when we discuss stress? Generally, most people use the word stress to
(6) ................... to negative experiences that leave us feeling overwhelmed. Thinking about stress
exclusively as something negative gives us a false impression of its true nature, however. Stress is a
reaction (7)........... a changing, demanding environment. Properly considered, stress is really
(8) ................... about our capacity to handle change than it is about (9)................... that change makes us
feel good or bad. Change, after all, is (10) ................... to stay and stress is in large part what we feel
when we are facing it.
TEST 2
The word cyberbullying did not even exist a decade ago, yet the problem has become a pervasive
(1) ...................today. Cyberbullies do not have to be strong or fast; they just need access to a cell phone
or computer and a (2) ................... to terrorize. Anyone can be a cyberbully, and such persons usually
have (3) ................... worries about having face-to -face confrontation with their victims. In fact, the
anonymity of cyberbullying may cause students who normally would not bully in the tradition- sense to
become a cyberbully. The double-edged (4) ................... of modern technology, continuously balancing
between risks and opportunities, manifests itself clearly in an emerging societal problem known
(5)...........cyberbullying. More than 97% of youths in the United States are connected (6) ................... the
Internet in some way. The
number of children and teens who use the Internet at home is rapidly (7) ..................., with now over 66%
of fourth to ninth graders able to go online from the comfort of their bedrooms. Children can
(8)................. in numerous Internet-based activities such as game playing, seeking information, and
talking with friends. The constellation of benefits, however, has been recently eclipsed by numerous
accounts of the Internet's undesirable social implications, (9) ................... appear in both scholarly
literature and popular media. A fair amount of attention has been given to Internet offenses, including
cyberstalking, sexual predation, etc. collectively placing the safety of children and teens who use the
Internet into (10)....................
Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the space provided under this
passage: (10 points)
Autism is a mental disease which prevents those who suffer from it from communicating with the
(1)………….world. Victims seem to live in a world of their own which, (2)…………. now, doctors are
unable to penetrate. The illness was first (3) …………. a name in 1943, and yet doctors have made very
little progress in their understanding of the disease since then.
According to statistics, (4)…………. two and four children out of every 10,000 are born autistic.
Often victims are not able to (5)…………. , read or write. But (6) …………. is most extraordinary about
illness is the fact that in other areas many of the children can perform almost super-human feats of the
brain. One of the more common skills these so-called autistic savants have is calendrical calculation, (7)
…………. is the ability to say which day of the week a particular date falls (8)………….. Jackie, for
instance, who is now 42 years old, could do this from the age of six, when she first began to talk. She can
tell you what day of the week it was on 1 April 1933 with (9)…………. a moment’s hesitation. But if you
ask her (10)…………. she does it, she’ll say she doesn’t know.
Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the space provided under this
passage: (10 points)
THE SAHARA MARATHON
One of the most amazing marathon races in the world is the Marathon of the Sands. It takes place
every April in the Sahara Desert in the south of Morocco, a part of the world where temperatures can
reach fifty degrees centigrade. The standard length of a marathon is 42.5 kilometres but (1)…………. one
is 240 kilometers long and takes seven days to complete. It began in 1986 and now attracts about two
hundred runners, the majority of (2)…………. ages range from seventeen to forty-seven. About half of
them come from France and the rest from all over the world. From Britain it costs £2,500 to enter, which
includes return air fares. The race is rapidly becoming more and more popular (3) …………., the harsh
conditions that runners must endure. They have to carry food and (4) …………. else they need for seven
days in a rucksack weighing no more than twelve kilograms. In (5)…………. to this, they are given a
litre and a half of water every ten kilometres. Incredibly, nearly (6)…………. the runners finish the
course. (7)…………. man, Ibrahim El Journal, took part in every race from 1986 to 2004. Runners do
suffer terrible physical hardships. Sometimes they lose toenails and skin peels (8)…………. their feet.
However, doctors are always on hand to deal (9)…………. minor injuries and to make sure that runners
do not push (10)……….too far.
II. WORD FORMS (20 POINTS)
Fill in ach numbered blank of the passage with the most suitable form of the word in bracket. (10
points)
1. Jim is one of the most .........................members of the committee. (speak)
2. She’s very efficient, and ............................. polite to the customers. (fail)
3. The control centre is deep undergroudedand completely...........................except by a direct hit from a
nuclear missile. (destroy)
4. The project was cancelled while it was still in its............................. (infant)
5. You look rather........................ Are you worried about something? (occupy)
6. You won’t persuade him to charnge his mind. His decision is ............... (revoke)
7. Since his bad habits were never broken when he was a child, they are now......................... (correct)
8. The key aims of the program are to achieve breath, balance, ................... and progression of all pupils,
(continue)
9. Vietnam has depended heavily on foreign ........................ organizations to train teachers. (govern)
10. He has many year’s experiences of the criminal........................... (mental)
A. TEST 1: Fill in each blank with one suitable word

CELEBRITY CROSSOVER
It is not surprising that actors want to be pop stars, (0) and vice versa. (1)………….. that is deep in
a part of our brain that most of us manage to keep (2)………….. control, we all want to be pop stars and
actors. Sadly, there's nothing about the former profession that automatically qualifies you for the other,
(3) ………….., of course, for the fact that famous actors and singers are already surrounded by people
who never say no to them. On the whole, pop stars tend to fare better on screen than their opposite
numbers (4)………….. on CD. Let's face it: not being able to act is (5) ………….. big drawback in
Hollywood, whereas not being able to play or sing still tends to count (6)………….. you in the recording
studio. Some stars do display a genuine proficiency in both disciplines, and a few even maintain
successful careers in both fields, but this just (7)…………..a bad example for all the others. For every
success, there are two dozen failures. And most of them have no idea (8)………….. terrible they are. Just
as power tends
to corrupt, so celebrity tends to destroy the ability to gauge whether or not you're making a fool of (9)
…… But perhaps we shouldn't criticize celebrities for trying to expand their horizons in this way. (10)
………….. there is one good thing about actors trying to sing and singers trying to act, it is that it keeps
them all too
busy to write books.
TEST 2
A new television programme in America - Blind Hate - plans to show couples spitting up! The
programme is already advertising in the papers for (1) ………….. “contestants”. The makers of the
programme have come up with a plan to tempt one partner into being unfaithful to the other - with them
being chatted up by an attractive “stranger” - so that the second partner then has a good (2)………….. for
being able to get rid of the first one! All of this will take place under the observation of a secret camera,
(3)………….. both the partners subsequently being invited into a television studio where the film will be
shown to a studio audience. Only one partner will know what the show is really (4)…………..about, with
the unfaithful one suddenly (5)………….. confronted with their own infidelity. The show boasts that it
will have special counsellors on (6)………….. to help deal with the split and its psychological impact.
However, it has already (7)………….. in for severe criticism from religious and other bodies who claim
that it is potentially very dangerous as well as in very bad (8)…………... The Church in particular says
that it damages the value of marriage and is highly immoral. Many psychologists too have, condemned it
(9)………….. some of their colleagues taking part in the spectacle. Whether the show actually finally
gets (10)…………..go ahead remains to be seen, but its makers are optimistic that it will be a great
success!
II. WORD FORMS
A. Give the correct form of each word in brackets to complete the sentence.
1. Joining this project is a…….………... Just do it. (BRAIN)
2. There are a lot of………….…..articles in this newspaper. Why not read it? (NEWS)
3. My cousin is a………………………..person. He is aware of all the latest fashions and wanting to
follow them. (FASHION)
4. The burglar gained entry to the building after………………..the alarm. (ABILITY)
5. Whatever happens, don't let this failure………………..you. (HEART)
6. Your carelessness may do ……………….. harm to people. (CALCULATE)
7. The……………….….. listed for the pills meant that she couldn't take them because she may be
allergic to some of the chemicals in them. (INDICATE)
8. We were defeated because we were………………... (NUMBER)
9. It is ………………….. summer, but it's rather autumnal today. (THEORY)
10. This type of …………………..…..screen enables drivers to have a clear view even when it is
smashed. (SHATTER)
B. Use the correct form of the words given to complete the passage.
BECOME - DANGER - SIMPLE - RICH - DIVERSE
GROW - ARRANGE - POPULATE- DEVELOP- EXIST
Not all the creatures on the (1)…………..species list are doomed to extinction, as the story of the
giant panda has shown. Their whole (2)…………..was considered to be in jeopardy some years ago, but
now, after (3)…………..the most influential symbol of nature conservation, things are looking up. Their
plight highlights how (4)………….. can impact natural (5) ………….. and should serve as a reminder
that the unique habitats of these incredible creatures are (6)………….. irreplaceable . The good news is
that whilst there may be an unwillingness to halt development and (7)………….. for the sake of nature
alone, many people are beginning to understand that sustainability can aid (8)………….. by bringing
economic benefits, through eco-tourism for example, to communities that are home to pandas. Such an
(9)………….. would not only serve to protect the pandas, but also (10)………….. the lives of the
inhabitants in the local communities.
CLOSE TEST 1: Fill each blank with ONE word. (10 pts)
The first London to Brighton run took place on November 14 th, 1896. It was organized to celebrate
the (1)................of a law which made it easier for cars in Britain to be driven on the roads. (2)................
then, the law required a driver and an engineer in the car and a man walking in front of the vehicle with a
red flag warning of its approach.
Since then, this annual run has become one of the most (3)................ events on the British motoring
calendar, (4)................crowds of over one million lining the route. Only the very oldest cars, constructed
during the ten years between 1895 and 1905, are allowed to take part in it. Lovingly polished by their
drivers, who are dressed in the clothing of the (5)................ , the cars leave Hyde Park in London at
7.30 am and (6)................, hopefully, in Brighton some three hours later.
The 60-mile run is not a race- there’s an official coffee stop on the way and the cars are restricted to
an average speed of only 30kph. The only (7)................for finishing is a medal, which is awarded to
everyone who (8) ................Brighton before 4pm. The run traditionally (9)................ participants from all
four corners of the world, (10)................ Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Since the youngest car is
nearly a hundred years old, some of them break down of course. But for the owners of the 400-plus
vehicles, it’s simply being there that brings the greatest pleasure.
CLOSE TEST 2: Fill each blank with ONE word. (10pts)
Parents- as you are probably well aware - are easily shockable. No matter (1)................ hard they
try to be trendy and to keep up to date with modern fads, they (2)................never quite help being a
generation removed. Life simply moves too quickly for them. They will in (3)................ likelihood
attempt to maintain some sort of dialogue with you by going out and buying the latest CDs, only
(4)................ find a few months later the charts are filled by acts (5)................ names they have never
heard of. Then they get
frustrated and it all comes pouring out during an edition of some chart show on TV when they moan that
there has never been anything (6) ................listening to since their day- whenever that happened to be.
Other parents don’t even try to understand their kids. They occupy the moral high (7)................ and
dismiss anything that has happened since their youth (8)................ decadent. Naturally, as lovers of folk
music or slushy ballads, their principal complaint against rock music is that they can’t make (9)................
the words. Hardly a day seems to go by without you incurring their displeasure one way or another,
whether it’s your hair, your clothes or the fact that you stayed out till three. So why bother trying to
please them? You might just as well wind them (10) ................ even more.
II. WORD FORMS (20 pts)
stable steady sequence bright evident
theorise freeze produce likely fluctuate
Fortunately for life on Earth, the Sun’s (1)................ of heat is remarkably consistent. But scientists
are aware that even a small change would have great (2)................ for the future, triggering either a new
ice age, or a runaway global warming. There is (3)................ that this has happened before. In
17th century England, for example, the River Thames in London was regularly (4)................ over.
Scientists now think that (5)................ in the Sun’s temperature caused a “Little Ice Age” at that time.
Indeed, the latest (6)........
is that the processes going on in the centre of the Sun are inherently (7)................. If the experts are right,
there could be many changes in the Sun’s (8)................ this century and the (9)................ is that the
temperature here on Earth will get (10)................ hotter and hotter.
PASSAGE 1. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one
word in each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN AND MEN IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
The forces changing American women’s lives that (1)………… become evident by 1950s
accelerated in the following decades. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination not only (2)
……….racial minorities but also (3)…………the basis of sex. At the same time, the women’s liberation
movement led to a rethinking of gender roles. People of (4)………… sexes increasingly came to see
careers for women as an alternative to women as full-time homemakers. By the end of the 1980s, (5)
………… than half of women over sixteen were in the labour force. Public opinion began to look with
favour on men (6)………… shared
housekeeping and children with their wives. This included kitchen duties. Men (7)……… cooking
expertise had (8)………… limited to grilling bacon or boiling an egg began to take a deeper (9)…………
in cooking. Simultaneously, the trend toward convenience continued with the spread of gadgets like food
processors
and automatic dishwashers, which (10)…………now standard equipment.
PASSAGE 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one
word in each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
THE END OF AN ERA ...
Well, it's three days to go before my twentieth birthday.
I’m finding it very difficult, to come to (11)…………with the fact that that word teenager is not
going to (12)………… to me for much longer. Teenagers can get away with so much whereas ‘twenty
somethings’ are expected to be far more (13)…………Two years ago I was so excited about turning
eighteen. I couldn’t wait to become independent but suddenly I’ve found myself getting (14)…………
more nostalgic about my carefree childhood days when nothing really seemed to matter. I don’t feel I can
spend hours in front of the television any more because there’s a far (15)………… more pressure on me
to stop being idle and get a part-time job to save up for my university fees now. There are some aspects of
being a teenager that I’m definitely not going to miss though. I feel an (16)…………lot more self-
confident and emotionally (17)………… than I used to and I know I’m not (18)…………as
confrontational as I was - I certainly won’t miss all those rows that I used to have with my parents and the
sheer (19)………… of not being understood. I’m also really looking forward to going to university next
year. It’ll be the first time I’ve lived away from home and the first time that I’ll truly be left to do my own
(20)………….
Complete each of the following sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. James got into trouble for………… a police officer. PERSON
2. Theo and his brother are always together. They’re completely………….SEPARATE
3. I suppose my biggest fault is that I’m a …………. PERFECT
4. Don’t be so ………… Can’t you see you’ve upset, Guy? SENSE
5. There’s a risk factor with all medication, but honestly the risk with this particular drug is………….
NEGLECT
6. Do you really think your plans are going to become………… ? FRUIT
7. We were all jumping around………… in the corridor, disperately waiting to hear if it was a boy or a
girl. PATIENT
8. Liskard and Callington are basically…………from here, so it’ll take about the same time to get to
either of them. DISTANT
9. Please keep e-mails short. …………makes everyone’s lives easier. BRIEF
10. I’m not convinced that there’s a …………link between polution and global warming. CAUSE
Use the word given in in the box below to form a word that fits in each space. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
number expense contribute science search
suppose invent edequate environment conform
ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY
In the Search for Free Energy, Tutt’s recently released book, he quotes, “We ought to be able to
obtain the energy we need without the consumption of material.” These are not the words of some
modern-day (11)…….………, but of Nikola Tesla, in 1890. Among his (12)………..…… was the device
to generate
electricity by harnessing ‘coming energy’. The search for free, and (13)……………….…energy
continues. (14)…………….… are looking for ‘fuelless’ technologies that will not pollute or run out, and
they are not referring to the puny (15)……………..… of solar or wind power. The (16)…………..…
establishment has so far been proven correct, there’s no such thing as a free energy lunch but that hasn’t
stopped mad scientists trying. They’ve come up with (17)………………… patents of ‘over unity’
contraptions, (18)……….……… giving out more energy than you put in to get them going. The story is
fascinating and rarely heavy-going, although the quotes can be overlong and the diagrams are (19)
……….………displayed. Tutt admits that only a fraction of what is claimed is true. But it’s also true to
say we cannot afford to dismiss them out of hand, as one of these (20)………..… investigators may just
be able to save our planet from climate change.
OPEN CLOZE 1 .
Environmental issues are harmful (1).................. of human activity on the biophysical environment.
Environmental protection is a (2) ..................of protecting the natural environment (3)..................
individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans.
(4) .................., a social and environmental movement, addresses environmental issues through advocacy,
education and activism.
The carbon dioxide (5) .................. of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere has already
(6).................. 400 parts per million (with total "long-term" GHG exceeding 455 parts per million). This
level is considered a tipping point. "The amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is already above the
(7).................. that can potentially cause dangerous climate change. We are already at risk of many areas
of pollution... It's not next year or next decade, it's now."
"Climate disasters are (8).................. the rise. Around 70 percent of disasters are now climate-
(9)........ - up from around 50 percent from two decades ago.
These disasters take a heavier human (10) .................. and come with a higher price tag. In the last
decade, 2.4 billion people were affected by such disasters, (11).................. to 1.7 billion in the previous
decade. The cost of responding to disasters has (12).................. tenfold between 1992 and 2008.
Destructive sudden heavy rains, intense tropical storms, repeated flooding and droughts are likely to
increase, (13)......... will the vulnerability of local communities in the absence of strong concerted
action." "Climate change is not just a distant (14) ..................threat. It is the main driver behind rising
humanitarian needs and we are seeing its impact. The number of people affected and the (15)..................
inflicted by extreme weather has been unprecedented."
OPEN CLOZE 2
An economics professor, trying to explain “monopoly” to a freshman class, could
(1) ..................find a more illuminating example than professional sports. The major leagues maintain
(2).................. control over the supply of their sports. The United States does have some rules and
regulations (3).................. at preventing monopoly, but these might as well not exist where sports are
(4) .................. Every league operates effectively as a cartel - a group of competitors joined together for
(5) ..................economic benefit.
The cartel arrangement gives participating teams the best of two (6)..................It reduces
competition among members, but still allows them freedom of action in areas not (7).................. by the
cartel agreement. Thus the league members agree on matters of common interest, such as game rules,
number of teams allowed in the league, promotional campaigns, and media contracts. The competition
takes place mainly on the field, when the athlete-employees of two teams meet in a (8)..................
Being an economic cartel creates enormous benefits for a sports league, by reducing competition in
areas that would (9).................. cost owners more money. When teams bid against each other for the
services of talented players, for example, the process is controlled by league, rules regulating contracts,
drafts and trades. In the annual college football draft, for instance, pro teams must take turns designating
individual college athletes they wish to hire. The cartel also decides how many teams can be in the
league, and where they can locate, thus limiting the number of potential employers the (10)..................can
choose from.
VII. WORD FORMATION
1. Getting started on a rehabilitation regime sometimes requires help with .................., a process to
remove excess chemicals from the body. (TOXIC)
2. When he was still unmarried ten years ago, he was .................. and fancy-fee. ( FEET)
3. Some women found the discussions .................. and went home. (PUT)
4. They owned a ..................orchard near the river so they didn’t need to take care of it often.
(MAINTAIN)
5. This.................. is suitable for some funereal songs. (MISERY)
6. The venom of many snakes, especially cobras, acts as a .................., producing ecstatic visions.
(HALLUCINATE)
7. Aims are necessary starting points, but before the teacher can begin to provide learning experiences
further.................. is necessary.(FINE)
8. A circle is a shape on which all points are ..................from some point lying inside. (DISTANCE)
9. A detailed list of.................. in the factory is publicly given. (CONSUME)
10. It is a form of..................that is comforting to a great number of people. (ESCAPE)
WORD FORMATION 2
Fill in the blank with an appropriate form of one of the words given to make a meaningful passage.
outdated act state establish mortality
form conduit allegation art administer
HOTEL CHELSEA
To say that the Hotel Chelsea has an interesting story would be a/an (1)................... Since the early
twentieth century, the hotel has been home to dozens of celebrities. The fame of the building itself
(2)......... its fame as a hotel; when it was constructed in 1883 as a block of flats, it was New York’s tallest
building. It became a hotel in 1905. Although prosperous at first, during a period of (3) .................. , the
hotel began to degenerate. It went bankrupt and changed hands in 1939. Its (4)..................new managers
soon got it up and running again and, in the post-war era, its fame grew.
As a part of the New York artistic scene, the hotel is irreplaceable. Its famous residents have
included actors, artists, singers, writers, reactionaries, and numerous (5).................. figures. Krida Kahlo,
Jean-Paul Sartre, Marilyn Monroe, Bob Dylan, Madonna and Uma Thurman all lived there for a while,
and the hotel
has been (6) .................. in dozens of songs, books and films. Always a place of (7).................. , the
hotel’s management sometimes allowed penniless residents to pay for their rooms by their
(8).................. , some of which still hang in its lobby today. Its famous residents have found the hotel
(9) .................. to creativity.
However, the hotel is also associated with artistic misbehavior and tragedy. One of numerous examples
of wild adventures behind its closed doors, the poet Dylan Thom as (10).................. collapsed in room
205 of the hotel after partying too hard. He died four days later.
PASSAGE 1
THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS
Man has always depended on plants (1)…………..food and many other useful products. For this
reason, farming is one of the world’s most important industries. At first, (2)…………..man did not know
how to plant seeds and raise crops. He (3)………….. wild fruits and vegetables where he found them.
Then
man discovered how to grow his own food. He (4)…………..seeds and waited for the crop to grow. For
the first time, he could be reasonably sure of his food supply. He could settle down and (5)…………..
shelters in the places where he grew food.
As populations began to increase, the (6)…………..for food became greater. Old-fashioned tools
and farming methods were insufficient in meeting the demand, so man cultivated more and more land and
invented complicated machines to make his work easier. Tractors replaced horses and other farm animals.
Scientists studied and (7)…………..with plants. They told farmers how to (8)………….. plant diseases,
and how to grow bigger and better crops. Now one man, with a knowledge of plants and the (9)
………….. of machines, can cultivate hundreds of acres.
He can raise plants which did not originally grow in the soil or (10)…………..of his community.
PASSAGE 2
Remarks by President Obama at YSEALI Town Hall
Student: “ Hello, sir. I'm a student in Vietnam National University. You are a very great leader, and we
are young leaders. Do you have any advice that how can we be great like you?”
President Obama:. “When I was at your age, I wasn't as well-organized and sophisticated as all of you.
When I was young, I fooled (1).......................a lot. I didn’t always take my studies very seriously. I was
more interested in basketball and girls. I wasn't always that serious. You're already way (2)......................
of me. Whenever I meet with young people, my most important advice is to find something you care
deeply about, find something excites you and (3).................. all energy into it. Everybody's
(4) ...................is different. Sometimes it's education, medicine, business. So no one’s path is to end being
a leader. Some people think you have to make great speeches, or be in politics but there're a lot of ways to
(5)................ Some are behind the (6)................. For example in the U.S., civil rights movement, when all
heard of Martin Luther King but also Moses, John Louis going to communities, getting people to
(7)..................... They were big leaders, even though they didn't make speeches. Don't worry so much
what you want tobe. Worry more about what you are going to do. If you're (8)...................about your
work. Over time, you will rise and people will respect. But if you just think I want to be a member of the
National Assembly or rich then you will pay less ( 9).... ................ to your work. Most successful people
do. Bill Gates didn't start thinking I want to be rich. I like computers and want to build software. I
decided that I wanted to help poor people to have opportunities. So I went to work in poor communities
in Chicago because I was interested in the work. I started to ask questions: how can I help young people?
How can I (10)..................How can I build organizations?
That's my most important advice. Decide what you care about deeply and put all into that. If you
are interested in social media, make a company and focus on that”.
II. WORD FORM (20 pts)

SECTION 1: Complete the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in block
capitals
1. Lucy has to work every ………….. Saturday. (ALTER )
2. He threw his bags…………..on the floor. (CEREMONY)
3. In my opinion, this book is just ………….. rubbish ( INTELLECT)
4. Shall I believe this (CONVINCE)…………..story of yours? Mark, stop acting like a child and tell me
the whole truth, please.
5. A manufacturer…………..made and marketed a car with defective brakes. (NEGLECT)
6. The student was given…………..for consistently forgetting to do her homework. (DETAIN)
7. He made a…………..attempt to climb the tree to recover his kite. (FOOL).
8. I hate going clothes shopping with Carlo , he’s so…………..that he takes hours to find anything he
likes. (CHOICE)
9. Your constant criticism has …………..their enthusiasm. (DIE)
10. Some fetal…………..can not be diagnosed until late in pregnancy. (FORM)
CLOZE TEST 1
Dunking yourself in cool water is a remedy so old that Hippocrates recommended it, and Charles
Darwin famously 1. ................... a regime of being “scrubbed with a rough towel in cold water for two or
three minutes” to improve his ailing health. For present-2. ............... scientists, the fascination with the
power of cold continues, with 3.................... from a blast of icy water during a morning shower to
walking topless in winter 4................... studied as a possible quick-and-simple path to a healthier life.
A new report from the Leiden University Medical Centre in the Netherlands has linked global
warming with a 5 ...................in type 2 diabetes, and numerous studies in the past few years have
6............... credence to the idea that artificial heat may be a contributing factor to obesity, 7.................... it
has caused
our metabolisms to slow down. The theory goes that 8.................... the two types of fat in the body (white
and brown) brown fat burns calories, and there’s evidence to 9................... that when you’re cold, brown
fat is either produced, or activated. In our world of central heating and controlled environments, we
simply aren’t cold often 10.................... So which of all the practical cooling tips may actually improve
our health?
CLOZE TEST 2
The 3rd December was a turning 1. .................... for Virgin Galactic’s plans for space tourism.
Lifting 2................... from California’s Mojave Air and Space Port, Space Ship Two - dubbed VSS Unity
- and its carrier craft, the White Knight Two, flew for 3...................... total of one hour and 20 minutes.
Flights
using the White Knight Two carrier craft had been undertaken before, 4..........................this was the first
where the VSS Unity flew for a period under its own control. The journey 5 ….............. ten minutes of
free flight, where the space plane detached from the carrier and was piloted safely back to Earth.
The success is great news for Virgin Galactic, who had seen their plans delayed
6.........................the VSS Unity’s predecessor, VSS Enterprise, crashed in October 2014, tragically
7...................... the copilot. The test is scheduled to be the first of many, and will eventually
8.........................to ascents where the
VSS Unity will climb even higher than the carrier craft.
When these tests are completed, and the first commercial flights begin, the journey will become a
unique public 9........................ Passengers will soar higher than any current commercial aircraft,
experiencing several minutes of 10....................... in microgravity.
II. WORD FORM
1. Nowadays more and more people are choosing to buy (adult) .....................organic food, which has
been grown without pesticides and chemicals.
2. Luckily, this therapy has reduced significantly the incidence of certain (form)….................. in infants.
3. What our company is in urgent need now is (vision) ..........................to see opportunities.
4. Robert is more (book) ........................and intellectual than many of his fellow students.
5. Mr. Brown said the planned charges were the last straw for customers already angry over
banks' ...................... attitude. (hand)
6. His novel has been (picture)..........................many times.
7. Ash and (grade )....................waste must be added regularly to achieve the right carbon nitrogen ratio.
8. Tony Carpenter, a (diet) ...................., says it's vital they drink as much fluid as they can get.
9. When one of the plane's engines went out, I thought I was a (go) ....................
10. The airfield was bathed in the ghostly glow of (search ).................
WORD FORM
fail distinct delight claim tote
vary intricate decent setting create
If you didn’t know Colin Dexter was an internationally 1....................bestselling author whose
award-winning novels had spawned three successful TV series, you’d never have guessed. A short,
unassuming man in blazer and flannels, 2......................... an old leather briefcase and living in an
3......................
semi on a main road on the outskirts of Oxford, he was 4........................ humble about his achievements.
He never had a literary agent because he remained convinced of the fundamental 5.......................... of
people, despite the villainy and venality his books contained.
I bought his debut novel, Last Bus to Woodstock, in a second-hand shop in Plymouth in 1976,
because it was 6.....................in Oxford and I was homesick for the city where I’d just spent three very
happy years. What I found was a novel as 7................... plotted as anything from the golden age of crime
writing, but which was set very firmly in the here and now, in a vivid Oxford I recognized.
Fifteen years, eight novels and a lot of admiration later, I got to know the man behind Morse and I
was 8.......................... to find Colin was not only as clever as his 9...........................but also much more
mischievous and generous. He loved the comp any of his fellow writers but he also genuinely enjoyed
meeting his readers. He was never too grand to stop and talk to fans, and in spite of his deafness and
10.........................eyesight, he had an astonishing ability to remember where he’d met people previously.
CLOSE TEST 1: Fill each blank with ONE word. (10 pts)
Relations between Ankara and European capitals have (1) …………….before the highly charged
vote on 16 April on expanding the powers of the Turkish president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Western allies have argued that a vote (2)…………….the proposed constitutional change would
invest him with unparalleled authority and (3)……………. checks and balances at a time when they fear
the Turkish leader is exhibiting worrying signs of (4)…………….. Erdogan has been enraged by recent
bans on visiting Turkish officials rallying “yes” supporters in Germany and the Netherlands.
Highlighting growing friction between Ankara and the bloc, he (5)…………….the spectre of a
public vote on EU membership at the weekend.
“We have a referendum on 16 April. After that we may hold a Brexit-like referendum on the [EU]
negotiations,” he told a Turkish-UK forum (6)…………….by the British foreign secretary, Boris
Johnson. “No matter what our nation decides we will obey it. It should be known that our patience, tested
in the face
of attitudes displayed by some European countries, has (7)…………….”
The animus - reinforced last week when the leader said he would continue labelling European
politicians “Nazis” if they continued calling him a dictator - has also animated (8) ……………. between
Greece and Turkey, and Erdogan’s comments (9)……………. hours after the Greek defence minister
said armed forces were ready to respond in the event of the country’s sovereignty and (10)
…………….integrity being threatened.
CLOSE TEST 2: Fill each blank with ONE word. (10pts)
The White House Counsel’s Office was informed this month that the Senate Intelligence
Committee, which is (l) ……………. Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election, wanted to (2)
……………. Mr. Kushner about meetings he arranged with the Russian ambassador, Sergey I. Kislyak,
according
to the government officials. The meetings included a (3) …………….unreported sit-down with the head
of Russia’s state-owned development bank.
Until now, the White House had acknowledged only an early December meeting between Mr.
Kislyak and Mr. Kushner, which (4) ……………. At Trump Tower and was also attended by Michael T.
Flynn, who would briefly serve as the national security adviser.
Later that month, though, Mr. Kislyak requested a second meeting, which Mr. Kushner asked a
deputy to attend in his (5)……………., officials said. At Mr. Kislyak’s request, Mr. Kushner later met
with Sergey N. Gorkov, the chief of Vnesheconom bank, which the United States placed on its sanctions
list after President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia annexed Crimea and began meddling (6)
…………….Ukraine.
A White House spokeswoman, Hope Hicks, confirmed those meetings, saying in an interview that
nothing of consequence was discussed and that they went nowhere. Mr. Gorkov, who previously served
as deputy chairman of the board at Sberbank, Russia’s largest (7)…………….bank, could not be reached
for comment.
Members of presidential transition teams routinely meet with foreign officials, and there is nothing
inherently improper about sitting down with the Russian ambassador. Part of Mr. Kushner’s role during
the (8)…………….and the transition was to serve as a chief conduit to foreign governments and officials,
and Ms. Hicks said he met with dozens of officials from a (9)…………….range of countries. She added
that Mr. Kushner was willing to talk to Senate investigators about the meetings with Mr. Kislyak and the
banker, saying, “He isn’t trying to hide anything and wants to be (10) ……………..”
PART 1: Complete the sentence with the correct form of the given word. (10 pts)
1. The light is……………., the color of insomnia and sodium glare. SICK
2. Paule Constable whispers to a technician and there is a flurry of…………….. KEY
3. Gradually, the light…………….yet somehow softens. TENSE
Orange melts into rose-gold, then russet.
4. Illuminated by the glare of her laptop, he smiles. One miracle achieved, a …………still to
go. SCRIPT
5. Even if you’re a regular……………., when it comes to the art of lighting design you ’re probably,
well, in the dark. THEATRE
6. An ……………….director at the National Theatre and winner of the Olivier award for best lighting
four times, she’s one of the best in the business. ASSOCIATION
7. The…………….visuals of Curious Incident and War Horse are hers, and so was the chilly yet elegant
illumination of the RSC’s Wolf Hall. WHIZZ
8. When she is working on the ……….……….revival of Angels in America, I ask her the big question:
what do lighting designers do? COME
9. You create rhythm, pace, move the audience’s focus, control the frame, cut between long shots
and……………..….. CLOSE
10. Some set designers or directors control their own light, or employ a technician who implements their
instructions. Others, like Constable, see themselves as……………….creatives, whose job it is to help
conjure the whole world of a show. COLLABORATE
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box. (10 pts)
sustain supply hook ally danger
centre note speak take invest
The EU has approved a $130bn mega-merger between Dow and DuPont, heralding a new round of
agribusiness (1)…………….that environmentalists fear will (2)……………. the future of (3)………….
food production.
Brussels is widely expected to clear another (4)……………. between Syngenta and ChemChina in
the next two weeks, with (5)……………. of a marriage between Monsanto and Bayer expected later in
the year.
As a condition for Monday’s deal, DuPont will have to sell off large parts of its global pesticides
business, including almost all of its global research and development group.
But the US agrichem giant is the second biggest global seed (6)…………….after Monsanto - Dow
is the fifth - and green groups fear that just three mega-corporations could soon be left exercising “a toxic
grip” over the world’s food and countryside.
Adrian Bebb, a (7)……………. for Friends of the Earth, said: “This merger will mean a lack of
choice for farmers and a lack of diversity in our fields. We rapidly need to diversify our farming to adapt
to a changing climate, and having less seeds controlled by fewer corporations raises serious questions
about our ability to feed future generations.”
A letter sent to the commission by a(n) (8)……………. of 200 environmental groups on Monday
says that about 60% of commercial seed supplies will be (9)…………….in the hands of just three
multinationals if the mergers are all approved.
The commission though believes that the line it has laid down by enforcing pesticides (10)
………….. will help to prevent higher prices or restrictions to market choice, while safeguarding
innovation and pesticide safety.
PASSAGE 1 (10 pts)

Many islands have now become (1).................... on tourism as their main source of income. The
principal industries were (2)....................... farming and fishing, with native islanders living off the land,
but in contemporary society these activities have been largely ousted to cope with the growing demands
of tourism.
Attracted by their beaches, the heat and the relaxed atmosphere, islands have now become a popular
destination for the sun-worshipping holiday-maker. Every aspect of island life has hence been
(3)................. by this influx of foreigners. Restaurants, bars, cafes, discos, hotels and souvenir shops
(4)..................on tourists, and in fact could not exist without them.
Obviously a lot of money can be earned from (5)...................a flourishing industry. The six months
of the peak (6)......................are a crucial time when the businessmen try to earn as much as they can.
Apart from the commercial aspect, it can be said that islanders improve their ability to speak foreign
languages.
On the other hand, islanders that have shifted the emphasis (7) ......................the land to the tourist run the
(8).......................of obliterating their traditional characteristics and culture. Swamped with
commercialism, attitudes change and crime and violence increase. New buildings crop (9)....................to
accommodate
the ever-growing demands of tourists, therefore spoiling the original architecture and romance of the
island.
Islands which have not yet developed their tourist potential will have to find (10)........................ to
balance profit with preservation.
PASSAGE 2 (10 pts)
In the light of the recent Lockerbie disaster we have (1)..…................... to appreciate the
importance of airport security. Admittedly the general public are often irritated by the red tape which
accompanies security, but are these (2) ..................... unnecessary? Not only must passengers have proof
of identity
but they can also be subjected to body frisks and metal detectors and have their lugguage checked and
x-rayed. Particular rules accompany air travel and travellers will be questioned in (3)........................to
who packed their lugguage, if it was left unattended at any time or if they are carrying anything which
does
not belong to them. The departure lounge of the airport is also out of (4).................for those who do not
possess a valid boarding pass. Long queues, delays and inconvenience often instigate complains
(5)........... the client, but surely more security should stimulate more faith in air travel? In December
1988, a Pan
Am jet took off from London Heathrow bound for the USA. As the jet was flying over Lockerbie,
Scotland, it (6)......................up, killing everyone on (7).........................It is now more than three years
later and the two Iraqui terrorists (8)....................... for the bombing have not yet been extradited from
Iraq and (9)...................... for sanctions have been made repeatedly. The question on many lips is, “What
went wrong at Heathrow?” Living in a politically intense and often corrupt world, terrorism and drug
trafficking must
be prevented at any cost; standing in long queues while baggage is examined, is undeniably frustrating,
but how much better than a disaster that results in death? Without doubt, it’s better to be safe than
(10)...............
appear cover power mystery space
scribe stand abandon achieve earth
The Mayas developed the only pre-columbian writing in the Americas and devised an intricate
astronomy to chart the movements of the heavens. Archaeologists have long been (1) ........................ as to
why their civilization seems to have collapsed abruptly in the ninth century, resulting in the
(2)....................
of formerly flourishing cities. However, a team of Mexican and American archaeologists have recently
(3) ........................a monumental art work that may give some clues to their sudden
(4) ..........................While digging at Palenque, in the Yucatan peninsula, the researchers
(5) ........................ a bench-like throne
more than 2.8m wide and 1.7m deep in vermillion-painted limestone. The archaeologists say the grandeur
of the throne and the (6). ...................... of the palace that houses it indicate that the last rulers of Palenque
were more ambitious and (7)........................ than had once been thought. The throne itself was built in
about AD 760 by one of the last Mayan rulers and is adorned with at least 200 hieroglyphs and six
sculptured portraits. The experts hope that once the (8)........................ have been deciphered, something
which could take some time, they may disclose the (9)........................ and aspirations of the Mayas in the
decades before their demise and lead to a better (10)........................ of the reasons for their decline.
BLUE WHALES
Blue whales, the world's largest animals, have been (1).................... again in British waters for the
first time in at least twenty years. Indications that a population of blue whales was inhabiting the waters
west of Scotland (2)....................for the first time from the United States Navy, whose surveillance
system picked (3)....................the songs of a lot of different whales. American zoologists subsequently
(4).............. the blue whale song among them. Now marine biologist, Carol Booker, has actually seen a
blue whale there herself. She has no (5)....................about what she saw, because they have
(6)....................fins which are very small for their size. She says, 'Worldwide they were almost extinct
and it seemed they had completely vanished from the North Atlantic, so you can (7)....................how I
felt actually seeing one! However, it is certainly too soon to say if it is an (8)....................of a population
recovery.' She goes on to say, 'What it does show (9)....................the importance of this area of the ocean
for whales, and (10).................... essential it is to control pollution of the seas.' Bigger than any dinosaur
known to man, blue whales are the largest animals ever to have lived on earth. A blue whale is more than
six metres long at birth and, when fully grown, its heart is the same height as a tall man and weighs as
much as a horse.
OPEN CLOZE 2 (10PTS.)
The paintings of Leonardo da Vinci have always attracted controversy. Only 14 works have ever
been (11)....................to him and experts have questioned the (12).................... of several. Not even the
Mona Lisa is (13)....................suspicion. The painting is neither signed nor dated and no record of
payment to Leonardo has ever been found. Believed to be the portrait of the wife of Florentine merchant
Francesco del Gioconda dating from 1502, it has been on public (14)....................in the Louvre since
1804. Now housed in a bullet-proof glass case, it has always been surrounded by
(15)....................security.
Even so, on 24th August 1911, it was stolen. Initial leads came to (16) ....................and no clues to
the thief’s motives or the (17)...................., of the picture materialized for 15 months. In November 1913,
Florentine art dealer Alfredo Geri received a letter from someone claiming they had the Mona Lisa and
were prepared to sell it back to Italy for 500,000 lire. Geri contacted the director of the Uffizi museum
who arranged a meeting with the (18).................... vendor.
He turned out to be an Italian carpenter Vincenzo Peruggia, who made the painting’s protective
wooden box for the Louvre and was able to steal it because he knew the museum’s routine so well. The
Mona Lisa he produced was (19).................... genuine by the Uffizi and sent back to Paris. But a British
conman, Jack Dean, later insisted that he had helped Peruggia steal the painting but substituted a copy
before Peruggia took it to Italy. Could it be that the painting seen by thousands of visitors every day in
the Louvre museum is a total (20)....................?
PART I: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. Low income, increasing pressure and little administrative support make teachers ....................
(HEART) with their profession.
2. One of the local newspapers poured scorn on the referee for his ....................(PART) in the last game.
The man was accused of favouring the home team.
3. The company has an annual....................(TURN) of £25 million.
4. Various....................(PRACTICE) by police officers were brought to light by the enquiry.
5. It was impossible to read the pedestal inscription for it had been ....................(FACE) by some
mindless vandal.
6....................(CONCEIVE) ideas may influence on what we are going to do.
7. The cup was positioned.................... (CARIOUS) on the edge of the table.
8. It's undeniable that the....................(DIAGNOSE) of the local incompetent healer was responsible for
her sudden death.
9. The new ....................(PASS) has certainly made things a lot easier in the town centre since it has taken
away all the through-traffic.
10. Are you sure the ....................(MILE) is working properly on this truck? It must have done more than
twenty thousand.
PART 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
refuge subscribe contend deliver surpass
clear bias question deep tangle
One way to stay abreast of and have intelligent opinion on global issues is by reading The World
Today. By doing this you will receive a regular and ....................(11) briefing on the people and events
that shape our world. Each week, this publication....................(12) the important issues through concise,
informative and challenging articles. The most complex subjects are presented with....................(13),
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articles examine a range of ....................(16) issues, from international trade wars to the exploitation
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In short, The World Today makes the world a little more comprehensible. A ....................(18) to
The World Today is a sound business decision. Take advantage of our exclusive introductory offer: you
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free ....................(19) and immediate access to our online library. Now is ....................(20) the right time
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many of the world’s business and national leaders who read The World Today.
A. TEST 1
Society does not encourage crying as a form of (1)...................... expression. The shedding of tears
to make people feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The (2)...................... race is the only species that
sheds emotional tears. What (3)......................does crying serve?
It has been suggested that emotional tears play a role in the (4)......................of stress. Scientific
studies have revealed that emotional tears contain a chemical which is one of the body's natural
(5)............... killers. The chemical is not found in tears (6) ...................... as a response to slicing onions.
Scientists think that tears may shed to (7)......................substances that accumulate in the body under
stress. This would explain why many people feel much better after (8 )...................... As a result of the
view that it is not human being to cry, men tend to hold back their tears. This may explain when men
develop more stress-related diseases than women.
(9)...................... emotion, be if a feeling of sadness or happiness, is stressful. Tears are therefore
shed as a response to sorrow, anger or joy. It is natural to cry. Indeed, it may be (10)......................to hold
back tears.
B. TEST 2
A new breed of butlers has appeared (1)......................the scene; increasingly, it seems
(2).................... rich and famous are turning (3)......................women to perform the little domestic duties
of everyday life. But although female butlers are in ever greater demand, they are also in short
(4)....................... Ivor Spencer, who runs the most traditional of the well-known butler school, has trained
only eight women
in 21 years. Even at the more progressive butler academies, such as Robert Watson’s Guild of
Professional Butlers, fewer than one in four (5)...................... are females.
Butlerine Sarah Whittle says that women are in demand because they’re (6)......................stuffy than
men. “We’re better at (7)......................up on people’s mood,” she says. “And we can organize several
things at once: it’s our nature to multitask.” Whittle is expected to be smart and professional on duty, but
she does get glamorous (8)...................... - presents of chocolate, champagne and, on
(9) ................occasion, an expensive pair of shoes. But the job has its downside. Hundred-hour weeks are
not (10) ...................... , the hours are unsociable and the tasks often less than glamorous.
II. WORD FORMS
access appear commit deny exclude

immerse infant institute lonely see
One of the most challenging aspects of the science anthropology comes from its fieldwork.
Certainly, in its (1) ...................... as a profession, anthropology was distinguished by its concentration on
so-called primary societies in which social (2)......................appear to be fairly limited and social
interaction to be conducted almost (3)......................face - to - face. Such societies, it was felt, provided
anthropologists
with a valuable (4)......................into the workings of society that contrasted with the many complexities
of more highly developed societies. There was also a sense that the way of life represented by these
smaller societies were rapidly (5)......................and that preserving a record of them was a matter of some
urgency.
The (6)...................... of anthropologists to the first - hand collection of data led them to some of the
most (7)...................... places on earth. Most often they worked alone. Such lack of contact with other
people created feelings of intense (8)...................... in some anthropologists, especially in the early stages
of fieldwork. Nevertheless, this process of (9)...................... in a totally alien culture continues to attract
men and women to anthropology, and is (10)...................... the most effective way of understanding in
depth how other people see the world.
OPEN CLOZE 1
Working to support myself at university did, on reflection, stand me in good (1) …………..for life
after graduation. I’ve never been on to skive (2) …………..anything and have already crammed as much
into each day as I could. I guess I’ve always been someone who takes thing in their (3)………….. and
snapped up any opportunity that has come my way. Looking back, I feel a great (4)………….. of
self-respect for getting myself through my studies without incurring any debts but I’ll admit it wasn’t
always plain sailing. The reality that I needed to improve my time management only really occurred to
me, for example, after I scraped (5) ………….. my first year exams. Ultimately, though, I think
personality has played a huge role in my success. I’ve always been the kind of person to take pleasure in
whatever I do, whether it’s for work or play. Sometimes people have been surprised at my ability to
manage my time so effectively and have also asked (6)…………..I get my energy from. I think most of it
I (7)………….. ’ve inherited from my parents. Their work ethic and attitude towards life have, I feel, had
a great impact on me and steered me down the path I’ve since taken. When they first emigrated here, they
had nothing but now they’re the proud owners of a successful restaurant downtown. They’ve always
taken great (8)………….. in what they do and have taught me always to (9) ………….. the best of things.
They also taught me never to take (10)………….. for an answer - which is something, I think, that has
opened far more doors than I will ever fully appreciate.
OPEN CLOZE 2
The new university hospital in Trenton, which the Health Minister Victoria Culley has described as
a “shining example” to hospitals all (1) ………….. the country, has been open now for over six months.
Having heard several less than complimentary comments about the organization and efficiency of the
place, I decided to see for myself. Before (2)………….. there, I had argued with my local GP to have
some routine blood tests for anaemia. In spite of arriving early (7.15 a.m.!) I found that there were
already long queues at the reception desks. While I was waiting, I looked around and have to admit that it
is an impressive building; large and light with marble everywhere. Eventually my turn came and I
presented my doctor’s letters to the receptionist, (3)………….. informed me that I was in the X-ray queue
and I’d have to go to another queue and start again! I couldn’t believe it and asked her if it would be
possible to give me an
appointment card anyway (4)………….. making me queue up again. She informed me it was no (5)
……… arguing with her and I should have read the sign, an almost invisible piece of card saying “X-
rays” just in front of her where very few people can have seen it. No matter how hard I tried to persuade
her, she wouldn’t give me an appointment card for a blood test, so I started (6)…………..again and
finally got the card at 8.30! I then set off for the blood tests room, following the nice new signs until they
suddenly stopped and I realized that I was in a part of the hospital that hasn’t been finished yet! When I
got to the door I saw a notice saying “Back in 10 minutes”. I sat down and waited for 30 minutes before a
doctor appeared and told me to come in without, of course, (7) ………….. for keeping me waiting. I
asked him why I’d had to wait and he explained he’d had to help out in another ward which was (8)
………….. as a result of a flu epidemic among the doctors! I got out of the hospital at 9.45 a.m. and
breathed a sigh of
relief. I’m now waiting for the results. So, Mrs. Culley, a far from rosy picture. Certainly the public
should be (9 )………….. no illusions that things have changed for the better. Perhaps you should visit the
hospital as an anonymous out-patientrather than a government minister if you really want to know what
it’s like, (10)………….. , as I suspect, you don’t actually care that much!
II. WORD FORMATION
Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. The doctor suggested that my………….. to sleep was stress-related and prescribed sleeping pills to
help me catch up on much-needed sleep. (ABLE)
2. Taking advantage of someone’s trust or innocence is completely …………... (DESPISE)
3. When she found out that she had missed out on a place by two marks, she felt completely…………..
(SPIRIT)
4. The government decided that the funding of the project was completely…………..given the collapse of
the economy. (SUSTAIN)
5. His nasty comments were completely uncalled for and left an ………….. taste in my mouth.
(SAVOUR)
6. Emilia has always been very…………..and never thinks about the consequences of any of her actions.
(IMPULSE)
7. The restaurant was closed down following an inspection that deemed the kitchen to be ………….. and
unfit for food preparation. (HYGIENE)
8. In the early years of the crisis, staff tended to be offered a more generous ………….. package than in
the later years. (REDUNDA NT)
9. …………..of East and West Germany began in 1900 when the Berlin Wall came down. (UNITY)
10. You could hardly say he was lazy; he’s been………….. employed ever since he left school. (GAIN)
Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
controversy weigh obese date hard
extend reduce season volunteer resist
The government may soon force restaurants to introduce a “traffic light” labeling system on menus
to help slow down rising levels of (1)………….. A green circle would show food is safe and advisable to
eat, while amber foods should be eaten in moderation and red food s eaten occasionally. Supermarkets
already
(2)………….. follow a similar code, but ministers believe a radical (3)………….. of the system to
restaurant chains is necessary. They intend to (4)………….. government policies on public health as
recent statistics show that two thirds of adults are (5)………….. or worse, obese. Abroad, New York city
has already forced restaurant chains to list calorie con tent on menus, believing this will lead to a
dramatic
(6)………….. in the number of people who are obese or who suffer from diabetes. If the government
here goes ahead with the “traffic light” system it will no doubt face considerable (7)………….. from the
food industry, which would be forced to spend money on (8)………….. menus. This new system would
also be (9)………….. for small restaurant chains because menus are (10)………….. and constantly
change, and many dishes do not contain standardized levels of ingredients.
PASSAGE 1
The television maker Vizio has agreed to pay $2.2 million to (1) ....................claims that it collected
data from 11 million people (2) ................ their consent. The lawsuit against the flat-panel TV maker was
(3) .....................by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the USA. The FTC discovered that Vizio
had been gathering and selling data on customers without permission for years. The FTC claimed Vizio
began making televisions in 2014 that automatically tracked what people were watching. They fitted
tracking devices to TVs made before 2014 by using software updates. The FTC said: "Consumers didn’t
know that while they were watching their TVs, Vizio was (4).........................them."
The FTC said Vizio captured second-by-second (5) .........................about what people were
watching. The company also recorded people's IP (6) ........................The FTC said this was a breach of
(7).................. and security. It said: "The data generated when you watch television can
(8) ........................a lot about you and your household." Vizio sold information to advertisers about
people’s age, sex, household size and income, (9) .......................status, home ownership, and education
level. However, the company did not (10).....................people's names. Vizio lawyer Jerry Huang said:
"Today, the FTC has made it clear that all smart-TV makers should get people's consent before collecting
and sharing television viewing information."
PASSAGE 2
For whatever reason, people assume dogs are more intelligent creatures than cats. This notion has
been called into (11)..........................by scientists in Japan, who have said that cats are as smart as dogs at
certain memory tests. Cat lovers, of course, have always known this. Researchers at Kyoto University
(12)...........................tests on how well 49 cats could recall or relate to an event from the past - known as
an episodic (13a) ............................The Japanese team got the felines to eat from one of two bowls.
Fifteen minutes later, the cats were tested on their (14) ..........................to remember which bowl they had
eaten from and which (15) .........................untouched. The team found the cats could recall what they ate
and where, suggesting they had episodic (13b)..........................
The scientists also said that cats were as good as dogs on a whole (16)....................of mental tests,
including responding to the gestures, (17)........................expressions and emotions of humans. Researcher
Saho Takagi told reporters that she believed cats think about past events (18) ..........................to the way
humans do. She said: " An interesting speculation is that they may enjoy actively recalling memories of
their experience, like humans." She added: "Episodic (13c) ..........................is viewed as being related to
an introspective function of the mind. Our study may imply a type of consciousness in cats." Ms Takagi
said
the research is good (19).........................for pet owners, saying: "Understanding cats more deeply helps to
(20 )....................better cat-human relationships."
II. WORD FORMATION (20 PTS)
21. The management body was set up in order to ........................the construction of the railway system.
(SEE)
22. Marie was an ........................campaigner for better community services. (FATIGUE)
23. The result of the election seems to be a .......................conclusion: everyone knows that Trump will
win. (GO )
24. She was completely.........................by severe burns. (FIGURE)
25. The young musician met a tragic and .......................death at the age of 25. (TIME)
26. It is the job of the police to .............................the law. (FORCE)
27. He considered himself the best in our class, but his recent scores in the examination has.....................
him of that notion. (ABUSE )
28. The government is now faced with the ......................... problems of unemployment. (SUPER)
29. We have our ............................ advertising department; therefore, we don’t need to hire other
companies to publish the materials. (HOUSE)
30. Some children ............................a complete transformation when they become teenagers. (GO)
Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
act - survive - die - earth - fate -flame - evidence
responsible - destroy -fortune
On a yearly basis, the United States is afflicted by hurricanes on the east coast, flooding in the
Midwest, forest fires, (31) .........................., and any number of tornadoes, blizzards and storms.
Historically, the weather has struck as harsh a chord in people’s lives as any we feel today. Historians list
the four major events to wreak devastation on the country as the Chicago fire of 1871, the Johnstown
flood of 1889, the Galveston hurricane of 1900, and the San Francisco earthquake of Ì906. These
disasters provide a flavour of the havoc nature’s storms have wrecked on humanity, and our
(32)..........................to them. Galveston, Texas, located on the island of Galveston in the gulf of New
Mexico, thrives on industry and exports. Its over 30,000 citizens in the early 1900s were generally
economically successful and comfortable with existing conditions. Until the
(33) ...........................morning of Sept. 7, 1900, the people of Galveston enjoyed their life on the remote
island. However, weather watchers had been following a growing storm in the Atlantic for several days
and were warning of the impending danger of a hurricane. (34) ......................people ignored the
warnings. A day after the hurricane had hit the island, all thatremained of the beautiful city was a mass of
crumbled buildings, debris and forlorn, hopeless (35) ........... wandering aimlessly with the stench of
rotting flesh all around. It is estimated that over 8,000 people and most of the animals died that day,
victims of one of the (36) ..........................natural disasters in U.S. history. Chicago’s ‘storm’ of 1871,
although unrelated to the hurricanes of the southeastern coast, was described by poet John Greenleaf
Whittier as a ‘fiery hurricane’ that struck the great city with such force that two days later, half of the city
had been destroyed and 300 lives lost. Those relating the events of that catastrophic ‘hurricane’ say that
too little rain and a strong wind blowing off the prairie had been the cause behind the destruction of the
Windy City. According to legend, however, (37) .........................was placed on one slovenly cow who
kicked over a lantern in her barn somewhere in the southwest corner of Chicago, igniting the dry and
highly (38).......................barn and ultimately bringing (39) ..........................to a large part of the city.
Two days after the sparks ignited, a steady rain on the burning city put out the flames and within days
hope had returned. Signs that the city was beginning to heal became (40) ............................. everywhere -
soon new buildings were replacing the burned, and the lifeblood of the ravaged city was being.
PASSAGE 1
WHEN IS A THIEF NOT A THIEF?
The impression that more women shoplift than men may be due to publicity. As a recent report on
shoplifting pointed out: “Every week, newspapers report the conviction of some middle-aged woman of
blameless (1)................... who has stolen, for quite unexplained motives, some objects of little value
which she could easily have (2) ................. to buy. Most psychiatrists, have at some time seen patients
who were (3).................. of this sort of theft.
This (4) ....................the question of whether the middle class have a better chance of getting off
shop-lifting charges than the working class. The shops insist that they are (5).....................solely with
whether customers have paid for the goods: their accent, class or ability to browbeat is (6)................. But,
once
charged, the middle class are undoubtedly in a better (7).................. They are more likely to have, or call
in, a solicitor; and they are financially able to risk paying legal costs. The solicitor - or friends or relations
- may (8).................... a psychological assessment. And a “respectable” first time (9)......................,backed
by a psychological explanation of a mom entary aberration, and defended
by a solicitor, surely goes into the dock with more chance of acquittal than someone (10)................. these
attributes.
PASSAGE 2
BEARS ON CAMPUS
Svalbard University, on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen, has more than one claim
(1)................. fame Firstly, it is the world’s most northerly campus, located in an area dotted
(2)..............international establishments at the frontiers of scientific research. The university itself is
recognized as a centre of excellence, specializing in things (3).................climate change and marine
biology. What’s more, there are no fewer than fourteen professors on campus, which gives probably the
best ratio of professors to students anywhere in the world.
Even (4)................ surprising, however, is the fact that Svalbard is the only campus in Europe
where the students are routinely armed by the university authorities. Safety is a big issue here and on
arrival, students must master such skills as the best way to pack a sledge or signal to a passing helicopter,
as well as
learning how to protect (5) .............. against attack from polar bears. (6)................. great is the risk of
attack from these creatures, that students are told never to venture out (7)............. their rifles.
In spite of the bears, Svalbard is a great place to be a student, especially for those into winter sports.
(8).................to the warm currents of the Gulf Stream, it is one of the warmest places in the Arctic, with
temperatures only twenty degrees below zero in winter compared to minus forty in parts of Canada which
are much (9)............... south. In summer, it can be warm (10)............... to sunbathe.
VIII. WORD FORM . (20ms)
A. Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the words at the end of the lines.
1. The speaker had to break off midway in his long speech on agrarian revolution owing to the chorus
of.....……..........(CALL) erupting from his audience.
2. Mr. Lavrov, when asked about the violation of the previous ......……...........(FIRE) among the
belligerents, refused to point out who was to blame for.
3...........……....(MASCULINE) by his Achilles heel, Tom was bitterly defeated by his opponent.
4. When the bomb went out, Mr. Mohamad was laying quiet, ...…............(INSOMNIA) on the bed beside
the entrance after a long day full of all the drudgery.
5. Suffering from ........………………........ (PHOBIC) has made many people desperately struggle to be
in confined spaces.
6. "We regret to say that", the doctor sadly informed his patient, "once the..………..............(VENOM)
has begun, you are bound to die a painful death."
7. The coffee shop named Den Da is decorated with a jazzy panoramic ceramic picture, impressing the
guests by its.............………...(CHROMA).
8. A large number of people would not have suffered from cancers if they had paid attention to their body
changes during the early stages of ............……….....(GENESIS).
9. The distribution of nonideal fish communities can be roughly calculated by the.......…….....…
(METER) of suitable variables.
10. Pythagoras, with a great many of important mathematical discoveries in such an early stage of human
civilization, made a name for himself as a ........………........(GENITAL) of Greek mathematics.
B. Use the correct form of the words given in the box to complete the passage.
access appear commit deny exclude
immerse infant institute lonely see
One of the most challenging aspects of the science anthropology comes from its fieldwork.
Certainly, in its (1).................as a profession, anthropology was distinguished by its con centration on so-
called primary societies in which social (2)................. appear to be fairly limited and social interaction to
be conducted almost (3).................face - to - face. Such societies, it was felt, provided anthropologists
with a
valuable (4)................. into the workings of society that contrasted with the many complexities of more
highly developed societies. There was also a sense that the way of life represented by these smaller
societies were rapidly (5).................and that preserving a record of them was a matter of some urgency.
The (6).................of anthropologists to the first - hand collection of data led them to some of the
most (7).................places on earth. Most often they worked alone. Such lack of contact with other people
created feelings of intense (8)................. in some anthropologists, especially in the early stages of
fieldwork.
Nevertheless, this process of (9)................. in a totally alien culture continues to attract men and women
to anthropology, and is (10)................. the most effective way of understanding in depth how other people
see the world.
Read the text below and fill each gap with ONE suitable word.
No (1) .................. of the dinosaurs’ time on Earth is complete without an explanation of their
extinction. Over the years many theories have been put (2).................., but no (3)..................theory can
explain all the facts as we know them. Nowadays, the most likely theory that scientists have come up
with is that dinosaurs were killed (4) ..................by a combination of several factors. The overall effect of
these factors was the extinction of the dinosaurs, together with many other animal groups. It is known
that there was a lot of volcanic activity at the time of the dinosaurs' extinction. Their environment would
have already been under considerable (5) .................. as well as being poisoned. Added to this it is
believed that a very large meteor or comet, some 10 kilometers wide, hit the Earth and caused
(6).................. destruction. (7)..................of the impact can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, where there is
a large crater and a (8)..................of rock containing the rare element iridium. As the meteor entered the
Earth's atmosphere, the dinosaurs would have seen a bright light in the sky followed by an explosion. The
shock waves from the explosion (9).................. everything, (10)..................after, a rain of dust and rock
fell and covered everything, the temperature rose dramatically and that was the end of dinosaurs.
Read the text below and fill each gap with ONE suitable word.
Recently, organizers (1)..................on a huge concert called Live Earth. They wanted to make
everyone more (2).................. of the dangers of climate change. The event consisted of a series of
concerts (3)..................in seven continents around the world. The concerts needed to be (4).................. ,
so the organizers used biofuels to (5).................. the lights and used recycled car tyres to make the stage.
They also
provided recycling containers for people to dump their empty drinks cans in. Over 100 musicians and
celebrities took part in the live shows. They urged fans to take (6).................. against global warming by
demanding more (7)..................energy, and by helping to conserve the rainforests. They explained that
the earth is (8).................. threat but stressed that it’s not too late to change things as long as we all act
now. Together we can make a big (9)................... Superstar Madonna closed the London show and gave a
great performance. “Let’s hope the concerts that are happening around the world are not just about
entertainment, but about starting a (10)..................,” she told the audience, who cheered and applauded in
their thousands.
II. WORD FORMS (20 PTS)
1. She should take these ...............................................drugs to treat her state. (DEPRESS)
2. Are you in favor of...............................................marriage? (RACE)
3. Have you ever ............................................... anyone of anything? (USE)
4. These results seem................................................ (INTUITION)
5. A ..............................................force is being sent to the trouble spot. (NATION)
6. She sailed around the world............................................... (HAND)
7. The results of the tests............................................... his claims. (SUBSTANCE)
8. This is a plant with...............................................leaves. (VARY)
9. He is being trained as a ............................................... to help a lawyer. (LAW)
10. What he said was a ...............................................argument. (SHOP)
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
go idiosyncrasy ordinary charily picture
locate real neighbor perfect essence
A DAY OUT TO ROSSLYN CHAPEL
If you have a spare afternoon, why not take the kids to visit the remarkable Rosslyn Chapel?
This must surely be one of Britain’s most (1)......................buildings. If you were shown pictures of
it without any clues to its (2)....................., you might guess it to be somewhere like Moldavia or
Transylvania. In fact, it is just outside Edinburgh. The chapel and the (3)..................... village of Rosslyn
are both quite stunning; in fact, the whole area is generally very (4)......................Nearly the entire surface
of the chapel’s stonework is carved with flowers or stars and another (5)..................... feature of the
chapel is that although most of the design of the chapel is Gothic, the aisles are similar to architecture
found in Babylon or Egypt. The chapel’s 15 th century builder, St. Clair Prince of Orkney, believed that he
was (6)..................... buying his way into heaven by creating such an exquisite chapel. He was famous for
his (7).....................but this in itself created problems. Because everything had to be exactly as he
dreamed it should be, it was (8)..................... of him to expect the work to be finished in his lifetime. The
chapel is now considered to be a local treasure and a (9).....................trust was set up in 1996 to oversee
and fund its(10).....................restoration.
A. Fill in each gap with ONE suitable word:

Mrs. Bruce was no stranger to adventure. She loved (1) ......................with an element of danger in
it. She was (2) .....................the first women in Britain to buy a motorcycle and she (3) ....................to
driving racing cars when she married the racing driver Vitor Bruce in 1926. As a couple, they once drove
as (4) ..... as they could into the Artie Circle before they (5) ......................out of the road. In 1929,
she(6).................... a record by covering 674 nautical miles in a power boat.
Then (7) ..................... the moment she spotted the plane. She later recalled: ‘I asked the price, then
I left the shop. A little (8) ................... down the street I saw a marvellous dress in another window, so I
went in. Well, the dress didn’t suit me one (9) .......................so I went back to the earoplane showroom. I
asked the man, ‘will this take me round the world?’ He said, ‘Of course, it will, mad am.’
(10)....................a week, she was flying solo.
B. Fill in each gap with ONE suitable word:
So you think you have one of the most evil commuting journeys known to mankinds? You travel
for an hour, maybe an hour and a half, to work. You change trains, you fight (1) ......................crowds,
down tunnels and up escalators and you (2)......................at work crumpled and sweaty and wrung out
(3)............ face the day.
Well, it (4) .................... be the wholelot worse. (5) ..................... a passing thought for Tadao
Masuda. At (6) ........................glance he does not particularly (7) ..........................out in the crowdss of
blue-suited
office workers who swarm into, central Tokyo from suburbs (8)....................morning. Not, that is,
(9) ......... you learn that not only (10)................he travel for three and a quarter hours to travelling home
again.
Go pessimism overwhelm destroy be

question anxious assume technology high perfection
THE IMAGE OF SCIENCE
The image that we have of science has (0).... undergone.... radical change in last hundred years. An
enormous (1).....................explosion, together with a number of very real (2)................... About the
environment and all the moral and political ramifications of economic growth have (3).........................
put science at the centre of public debate.
The twentieth century began with a challenge to the (4)................... that human knowledge was
approaching completion. It will come, perhaps, as something of a surprise to all of us to realise that the
emergence of this highly (5)..................... Process came both from within and outside science.
New scientific theories (6) .......................reveal the limitations of the old perspective. We had
thought that the world, understood through the medium of rational (7).....................was, indeed, the real
world. Now we know that this is no more than a simplification that just happened to work. Once we
realise this, though, we can move in a number of opposing directions. We can re- evaluate all knowledge
(8)……............and decide that it is eternally fragmentary and full of a vast number of (9)....................., or
we can be more positive and view these vast explosions of scientific awareness as new challenges still to
come and as celebrations of the (10)..................... that the human imagination has so far scaled.
CLOZE TEST 1:
DANGER FACING ANTARCTICE
Antarctica is becoming a popular tourist destination and in the last decade! (1) ............. has been a
dramatic increase in visitors to the area some tourists simply want to see the last unspoiled continent
(2) ........... others have more active pursuits such as adventure sports in mind And of course, there are also
those adventurous souls who want to follow (3) ............the footsteps of the great polar explorers.
However, environmentalists are concerned that the booming tourist industry may
(4)................endangering the Antarctic environment and sowing the seeds of its own destruction.
One of the problems facing the area is pollution resulting (5).................tourism. Careless visitors
throw rubbish into the sea, not realising (6) ................... harmful this can be to wildlife. Another danger is
oil spills. In the freezing water, oil does not disperse effectively. Consequently, oil from even a small spill
will remain a hazard (7 )...............wildlife for many years. And this is a very real danger: some of the
cruise ships visiting Antarctica have not been reinforced to (8)................into account the dangers. A
collision with an iceberg could (9)................... a disaster of major proportions. This is by no means a far-
fetched notion. From time to time icebergs do appear in these waters, and global warming means that
massive chunks of ice are breaking (10).................. the continental ice sheet more and more frequently. If
a ship collided with one of these, it could spell disaster for tourism .
FINDING THE RIGHT WORD
A recent study has suggested an answer to a question that has occupied philosophers for centuries:
Do people need words in order to think tribe living in the Amazon basin could provide the answer. The
Piraha tribe may be small there are only about 200 members all told (1)................. they exhibit a
fascinating culural peculiarity. These people have no words for numbers, (2)................ from ‘one’, ‘two’
and ‘many’. What is more, (3 )..............words for ‘one’ and ‘two’ are very similar. As far as anyone can
tell, this tribe has never had any sort of vocabulary for numbers, but they appear to survive quite well
(4)................ it.
It was soon realised that these people might supply an insight (5) .............. the way our minds work.
Studies have shown that adult members of the tribe are not (6)................at counting than a baby is at
speaking. (7) ............. they were shown a row of objects and asked to duplicate the number they saw, they
could not get beyond two or three before starting to make mistakes. This applies even to adults who
appear reasonably intelligent in (8)............... other way.
So it looks (9)................though the Piraha are not very good at counting simply because they do not
have a vocabulary for numbers. This would suggest that human beings in general cannot think if they
have no words to do (10)..................
II. WORD FORMS
1. Data on economic reforms show that those………….. which heavily depend on agriculture achieve
low ecnomic growth rates. (LOCAL)
2. Scientists try their best to…………..the serious sicknesses . (DIE)
3. That young woman used to suffer from her life-time physical………….. (NORMAL)
4. Some gases,………….. at cold temperatures . (LIQUID)
5. You're entitled to receive a government allowance for each…………..who is living with you.
(DEPEND)
6. The team has won six………….. game. (SUCCESSION)
7. Was the…………..of International Red Cross inspired by a Sweden? (FOUND)
8. Noise from this zone has reached an …………..level. (ACCEPT)
9. These remote areas are still …………..to the Internet. (ACCESS)
10. He is …………..for his charitable activities than for his business in the steel industry. (KNOW)
B. Choose a word from the box and give it a pro per form to fill in each gap to complete the
passage:
fruit constitute satisfy sure please
hear resent far fill present
"... And so ladies and gentlemen, I would like you to know that if I'm elected, I will do everything
in my power to (1)…………that the voters of this (2)…………will be fully and fairly represented in all
phases of the governmental process. While your beliefs have been (3)…………if not completely
neglected in the past, I shall consider it my duty to make your voice (4)………… in the corridors of
Whitehall as they have never been heard before, clearly stating the (5)…………which you have every
right to feel. (6)…….., I shall consider my duty (7)…………until I have done everything in my power to
remove every cause of your (8)………… and (9)………… . I thank you, ladies and gentlmen, and I look
forward to what I hope will be many (10)………… meetings where together we can face the problems of
this great country.
THE WELSH
When it (1)…………. to violent nationalism, the Welsh are not in the (2………….league as the
Basques or the Northern Irish, but they can be bad enough. The Welsh do have a distinct nationality, (3)
…………. a language and literature of their own. Indeed, they have their own cultural festival, with
music and singing, (4)………….an Eisteddfod, which dates back to 1176. The Eisteddfod forms part of
the Gorsedd, or assembly, founded many centuries before the Christian era. At the Eisteddfod, the poets,
or bards, wear long white, flowing robes, and (5)…………. themselves very seriously.
(6)………….Brittany, Wales is rather isolated. It is a mountainous lump between England and the
Irish Sea. (7)………….it is isolated, and because it contains little (8)…………. stealing, the place has
been left to its own devices, so that half a million people (9)…………. speak the ancient Welsh language.
(10)…………., the proportion of the population who speak Welsh has fallen since 1960 from about 30
per cent to about 20 per cent.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2
Fill in each blank with ONE word to make a complete passage
I had a difficult time last year with my health. For several months I was (1)................... from
periodic headaches and almost constant nausea. I made several visits to my GP, who (2) .................my
headaches to migraine and provided me with medication. When this failed to work he (3)..................... on
my nausea as the root cause, blaming my headaches on the nausea. I was (4).................... to five blood
tests, none of which revealed anything significant. I (5).................... my diet with the doctor at length, and
we tried eliminating certain foods from my meals. He said that I might (6)....................from a low-fibre
diet. But still the symptoms persisted, and I was starting to (7) .................myself to feeling ill for the rest
of my life. I was understandably concerned about the possibility of it being something serious, even a
brain tumour, but the doctor said that my anxiety in this respect (8) ...................from nervous tension and
stress. After six months I was referred to a consultant at the hospital, who (9)..................in stomach
disorders. She said that, even allowing for my age and stressful lifestyle, it was still abnormal to
experience symptoms like these for so long. She (10 ).................. on all the possible causes of nausea in
detail, and suggested that in my case the nausea might be the result of a liver disorder.
II. WORD FORMS
A. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given word
1. The brochure displayed very tempting photographs of the tourist attractions in Sweden. They were
so ..................................... that it was hard for viewers to resist booking that tour immediately. (mouth)
2. What must be avoided at all costs is the suppression of anger, as feelings of resentment can lead a
relationship to break down....................... (retrieve).
3. Six-core processor is one of the most.........................technologies yet invented to revolutionise the way
computers work. (cut)
4. Tourists can see many ................................views of the ocean and mountain. (panorama)
5. Though they are students, their ...........................made a good impression on the local audience.
(theatre)
6. The islands have been .................................... by the growth of tourism. (west)
7. Dolphins, ............................species, sometimes jump above the surface of the water. (mammal)
8. We like Mary. She’s very nice and................................. (lady)
9. It’s Frank’s .................................. ............. that drives his parents crazy.
They can’t even persuade him to brush his teeth in the morning. (obstinate)
10. He is a bad manager in that factory and everyone is in an attempt to ................him. (fame)
B. Fill in each blank with the correct form of one suitable word from the list given
compare young criticize employ abound
size collect prosper pursue tend
Ask any adult over forty to make a (1)…………. between the past and present and most will tell
you that things have been getting steadily worse for as long as they can remember. Take the weather for
example. Everyone remembers that in their (2)…………. the summers are considerably hotter, and that
winter always included (3)…………. falls of snow just when the school holidays had started. Of course,
the food in those days was far superior too, as nothing was imported and everything was fresh. (4)
…………. was negligible, the money in your pocket really was worth something, and you could buy a (5)
…………. house even if your means were limited. And above all, people were somehow nicer in those
days, and spent their free time on innocent (6)…………. making model boats and tending their stamp (7)
…………. rather than gazing at the television screen for hours on end. As we know, this figure of the past
simply cannot be true, and there are plenty of statistics dealing with heath and (8)………….which prove
that it is not true. So, why is it that we all have a (9)………….to idealize the past and to be so (10)
………….of the present?
PASSAGE A:
Some famous places are disappointing: dirty, cramped, and a bit of a cliché. But there are (1)
……… which, even though you've seen every television programme ever (2)………….. about them, are
every bit as wonderful as you'd imagined. The Grand Canyon is one of these and so, despite being next
door to a
main road, is Stonehenge. Another is Venice which, in its entirety, (3)…………..a great work of art, each
decaying aspect revealing an unexpected glimpse of water or startling architecture, each individual
building or piazza displaying an exquisite (4)…………..of proportion. I return to Venice every so often
in the
course of my work and on each of these (5)………….. I have found something new to marvel (6)
…………... Alarm cries about how long this can last are sounded every now and then each time the water
levels rise. But the fact that this city is (7)………….. into the sea seems to add to its romantic
atmosphere. Far more serious is the depopulation, for it seems that just about every week another family
leaves. (8)………….. 1945 more than half the population of Venice has moved to the mainland. The rich
own the great palazzos along the Grand Canal and visit every (9)………….. in a while, but leave the
windows dark for the rest of the time. Mass tourism threatens the very structure of the city. It is a sad
(10) ………….. of its own success.
PASSAGE B:
Thomas Cook could be said to have invented the global tourist industry. He was born in England in
1808 and became a cabinet-maker. Then he hit (11) …………..the idea of using the newly-invented
railways for pleasure trips and by the summer of 1845, he was organizing commercial trips. The first was
toLiverpool and featured a 60-page handbook for the journey, the forerunner of the modern holiday
brochure. The Paris Exhibition of 1855 inspired him to create his first great tour taking in France,
Belgium and Germany. This also included a remarkable breakthrough - Cook's first cruise, an
extraordinary journey along the Rhine. Nothing (12) ………….this had been available before, (13)
………….it was only the beginning. Cook had invented (14) …………. tourism and now became a
pioneering giant, striding across the world, traveling incessantly, researching every little detail before
being absolutely confident that he could send the public to retrace his steps. Cook was not (15) ………….
in thinking beyond Europe, and he turned his gaze upon Africa. The expertise he had (16)…………. with
his pioneering cruise along the Rhine in 1855 stood him in good (17)…………. when it came to
organizing a fantastic journey along the Nile in 1869.
Few civilians had so much as (18) …………. foot in Egypt, let (19) ………….traveled along this
waterway through history and the remains of a vanished civilization going back thousands of years. Then
whole adventure took 222 days and the world of travel has not been the same (20)…………..
II. WORD FORMATION: (20PTS)
1. I was under the……………………that the course was for complete beginners. (APPREHEND)
2. The slight………………….… in his left hand was corrected by surgery. (FORM)
3. He demanded…………………….…sentences for those behind the violence. (EXAMPLE)
4. Although he is not a native speaker, his foreign accent seems …………..……… (PERCEIVE)
5. It was very ………………..… of you to do the shopping for her. (NEIGHBOUR)
6. The car veered onto the wrong side of the road and collided with a(n)…………………truck. (COME)
7. The government imposed a …………..…… tax on some industries. (WIND)
8. The role of clouds is one of the big conundrums of…………………..… (CLIMATE)
9. Those clothes do nothing for your………………..…. (STREET)
10. She didn’t want to be…………….……… as a dumb blonde. (TYPE)
conscious defend indignity life ocean
peace plane superstitious stick water
There has long been a (11)……………among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by
pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in (12)…………
formation. Marine Studio biologists have pointed out that, however intelligent they may be, it is probably
a mistake
to credit dolphins with any motive of (13)……………. On the occasion when they have pushed to shore
an (14)…………… man they have much more likely done it out of curiosity or for sport, as in riding the
bow waves of a ship. In 1928 some porpoises were photographed working like beavers to push ashore a
(15).….. mattress. If, as has been reported, they have protected humans from sharks, it may have been
because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a possible meal attracted the sharks. Porpoises
and sharks are natural enemies. It is possible that upon such an occasion, a battle happened, with the
sharks being driven away or killed.
Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They are
constantly after the turtles, the Ferdinands of marine life, who (16) …………… submit to all sorts of (17)
……………. One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his snout and then
showing him across the tank like an (18)…………… . Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen
trying to turn a 300-pound turtle over by (19)…………… his snout under the edge of his shell and
pushing up for dear life. This is not easy, and may require two porpoises working together. In another
game, as the turtle swims across the (20)…………… , the first porpoise swoops down from above and
butts his shell with his belly.
TEST 1:
What will the city of the future look like? This question has been asked so many times in recent
history - and answered inconclusively (1)....................... equal number of times - that we can be sure of
(2)....................... thing only: no one can predict with (3)....................... degree of accuracy how cities will
look 50 or 500 years from now.
The reason is simple - cities are (4)....................... a continual state of change. Over the last fifty
years they have changed so rapidly that the oldest residents will remember a time when their city seemed
to belong not just to another era (5)....................... to a different dimension.
This is true both of planned and unplanned cities. Planned cities such as New York and Paris,
(6)....................... are closely organized on a grid or (7).......................of streets and avenues, have
effectively burst at the seams this century, while unplanned cities such as Tokyo and Los Angeles have
grown just (8).......................dramatically. Although their centres might remain much as they were many
years ago, their suburbs have spread (9)....................... the tentacles of an octopus. Some economists
argue that expansion is a (10)....................... of a healthy economy and that it is expanding cities that
attract international investment.
TEST 2:
There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by
pushing them to the surface, or (1).......................them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive
formation. Marine Studio biologists have pointed (2)....................... that, however intelligent they may be,
it is
probably a (3)....................... to credit dolphins with any motive of life -saving. On the occasion when
they have pushed to shore an unconscious man they have much more (4) ....................... done it out of
curiosity or for sport, as in riding the bow waves of a ship. In 1928 some porpoises were photo graphed
workinglike beavers to push ashore a water logged mattress. If, as has been reported, they have protected
humans from sharks, it m ay have been because curiosity attracted them and because the scent of a
possible meal attracted the sharks. Porpoises and sharks are (5).......................enemies. It is possible that
upon such an(6 )........................, a battle happened, with the sharks being driven away or killed.
(7)....................... it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive. They
are constantly after the turtles, the Ferdinands of marine life, who peacefully submit to all
(8)....................... of indignities. One young calf especially enjoyed raising a turtle to the surface with his
snout and then showing him across the tank like an aquaplane. (9)....................... any day a young
porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his
shell and pushing up for dear life. This is not easy, and may (10)....................... two porpoises working
together. In anothergame, as the turtle swims across the oceanarium, the first porpoise swoops down from
above and butts his shell with his belly.
scene ordinary suffice access settle
art note habitat populate grade
One of the most frequently visited areas in Italy is the island of Capri in the Southern part of the
country. (1).....................in prehistoric times, the island later became a Greek colony and then a resort of
emperors in the early years of the Roman Empire. During the 10th century the (2).....................,fearing
pirate raids, moved from seaside (3) ..................... to the present towns, Capri (east) and Anacapri (west),
high above the shore. It changed hands between the French and the British several times during the
Napoleonic Wars, before being returned to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1813. Stone
(4)..................... has been found in one of the caves with which the rocky shores of Capri abound: the
most (5)..................... of these is the Blue Grotto, rediscovered in 1826 and (6)..................... only by boat.
Sunlight entering through the water that fills most of the entrance gives it an (7)..................... blue light,
hence its name. Since the second half of the 19th century, Capri has (8) ..................... become one of the
most popular resorts in Southern Italy, famous for its magnificent (9)..................... and the mild climate in
which vegetation flourishes despite the (10).....................amount of water.
CLOZE TEST 1
SUSHI CHEF
Kazutoshi Endo has been making the Japanese fish and rice delicacy known as sushi for thirteen
years. Yet he wants to make it clear that he is still (1)............... much a beg inner. In fact, he is quite
adamant about it, (2)............... being head sushi chef at one of London’s leading Japanese restaurants.
Endo comes from a hard- working family in the port city of Yokohama and is a third generation
sushi chef. Although as a child he was (3)...............encouraged to follow in his father’s footsteps, and
actually trained to be a PE teacher instead, it was always Endo’s ambition to do so. Yet he was never
taught what to do. The (4) ............... you learn in Japan is to watch. Some chefs spend three years
washing sushi rice, whilst at the same time watching their masters at work.
It takes some concentration to (5)............... an eye on Endo’s hands as he makes sushi, however. All
it takes is just a (6)...............quick cuts with his knife and a neat pile of perfectly sliced octopus sits on the
counter. A sushi roll may look (7) ............... a piece of rice, but apparently it takes years to get the touch,
to be (8)...............to roll rice (9)............... exactly the right amount of pressure. As End o says: ‘Sushi
(10)........ to be mastered. I can’t explain the process in words .’
CLOZE TEST 2.
A COMPUTER BAG WITH STYLE
It came as something as a surprise in the fashion industry when Julien MacDonald, the well-known
dress designer, teamed (1)...............with the company Intel to produce a computer bag. MacDonald made
his name creating the type of dresses that major celebrities like to be seen wearing at high-profile events
such as film premieres and awards ceremonies.
The computer bag, however, was not designed with such occasions (2)............... mind. Rather, it
was created for the modern woman who relies on technology but hopes to look more chic than geek.
MacDonald first got inspiration for the bag (3).............. he caught sight of female friends and colleagues
at fashion shows, furiously typing away on their laptops. He couldn’t (4)............... noticing, however, that
the rather unstylish carrying cases needed to transport the machines tended to get pushed (5)............... of
sight under their chairs. It was as if the women were somehow ashamed of them. MacDonald set out to
change all that.
The challenge facing the designer was (6) ............... to combine a ‘must-have’ handbag from the
stylistic point of view, with the functionality required to protect expensive computer equipment. In
shocking fuchsia pink, (7)...............resulting multi-pocketed ‘Nappa’ bag certainly lacked (8) ............... of
MacDonald’s signature style. It was stylish enough to grace the front row of any fashion show. And even
those finding such (9)............... particular shade of pink a little scary were catered (10)............... ;
MacDonald also produced versions in plain black and minimalist white.
II. WORD FORMS (20pts)
PART I: Give the correct form of words in brackets.
1. There are ......………......... stories of them cleaning out thousands of pounds worth of stock in a matter
of days. (APOCALYPTIC)
2. Soldiers must be aware of the....……….......... risks and responsibilities of military service. (COME)
3. A spinning.......………....... of rain swept around the mountain. (STREAM)
4. There is no need to learn all the.........…………..... signs before beginning to signal. (SEMANTIC)
5. Not all couples are........……………..... during long car trips. (SYMPATHETIC)
6. A number of .........………….... are still researching into telepathy and hypnosis. (PSYCHOLOGY)
7. Many studies have examined various psychological correlates of.......……….......perception scores,
such as personality traits. (SENSE)
8. If you are ......……………....... , sooner or later everyone will find out and you will be loathed. (FACE)
9. In a ........………….....annuity, your money grows much faster than in a taxable account. (TAX)
10. Ava told me something.........………………....under her breath, which I could not make head or tail
of. (INTELLIGENT)
PART 2: Supply each gap with the correct form of the word given in the box.
qualify fame move qualify sure
train educate demand young free
With some personal fitness trainers charging as much as $50 an hour, it’s not surprising that only
the rich and (1)....................can afford the kind of one-to-one that will (2).................... they work out
enough to stay in shape. However, the idea that they are for the elite is about to be shattered by Get
Motivated, a new
London-based company that charges just $15 for an hour with a (3)....................trainer. I decided to put
this scheme to the test and asked Get Motivated to send a personal trainer to my home for a
(4).................... session. When 23 year old Stephanie arrived, I was skeptical about her (5).................... ,
but what followed
was a very hour. Stephanie grew up in Australia and has a degree in human (6).................... studies and a
diploma in (8) .................... - the minimum (9).................... Get Motivated requires. Stephanie says that
what appeals most to her about GM scheme is that it gives her the (10).................... to design her own
sessions for clients.
CLOZE TEST 1:
LOOKING INTO SPACE
Outer space has intrigued mankind ever since we first gazed upward. It was easy enough to see
stars in the night sky with the (1)................... eye and many early civilizations also noticed that certain
groups appeared to form familiar shapes. They used these constellations to help with navigation and as a
(2) ........ of predicting the seasons and making calendars. Ancient astronomers also perceived points of
light that moved. They believed they were wandering stars and the word ‘planet’ (3)................... from the
Greek word for ‘wanderer’. For much of human history, it was also believed that the Earth was the centre
of the Universe and that the planets circled the Earth, and that falling meteorites and solar eclipses were
omens of disaster. It was not (4) ................... the 16th century that Polish mathematician and astronomer
Nicolaus Copernicus presented a mathematical model of (5)................... the sun actually moved around
the Earth, challenging the prevailing understanding of how the solar system worked. The Italian physicist
and astronomer Galileo Galilei then used a telescope to (6)................... this theory to be correct. Many
technological advances have allowed us to probe into space since then, and one of the most pioneering
was when the first manned spacecraft, the Apollo 11, successfully (7)...................through gravity and
touched down on the moon’s surface. Nevertheless, much of our research must be done from
(8)................... greater distances. The Hubble space Telescope was carried into orbit by a space shuttle in
April 1990 and it has enabled cosmologists to gather incredible data. Most significantly, it has provided a
great deal of evidence to (9)................... the Big Bang theory, that is, the idea that the Universe originated
as a hot, dense state at a certain time in the (10)................... and has continued to expand since then.
CLOZE TEST 2:
IN SUPPORT OF LANGUAGE DIVERSITY
There are solid reasons (1)................... supporting, preserving, and documenting endangered
languages. First, each and (2) ................... language is a celebration of the rich cultural diversity of our
planet; second, each language is an expression of a unique ethnic, social, regional or cultural identity and
world view; third, language is the repository (3)...................the history and beliefs of a people; and
finally, every language encodes a particular subset of fragile human knowledge (4)...................
agriculture, botany, medicine and ecology.
(5) ................... a doubt, mother tongues are comprised of far more (6)...................gram mar and
words. For example, Thangmi, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by an ethnic community of around
30,000 people in estern Nepal, (7)...................a mine of uniqueindigenous terms for local flora and fauna
that have medical and ritual value. Much of this local knowledge is falling (8)................... disuse as
fluency
in Nepali, the national language, increases. (9) ...................children cease to speak their mother tongues,
the oral transmission of specific ethnobotanical and medical knowledge also (10) ................... to an end.
1. My friends started going out late to nightclubs so I decided to .......................myself from the group.
(SOCIAL)
2. The witness claimed she was capable of discovering the man’s evil intentions from the ......
…..............look in his eyes. (MURDER)
3. Research has proved that certain types of meditation can decrease key stress symptoms such as anxiety
and ............................(IRRITATE).
4. My father is a strict.............…..who always believes in 'spare the rod, spoil the child'. (DISCIPLINE)
5. Sales forecasts indicate a poor....………......... for the clothing industry. (LOOK)
6. An alarm sounds when the temperature reaches a .............................level. (DETERMINE)
7. Children who grow up in time of war are more likely to be ..........................than others. (ADJUST)
8. She stood there completely...................... , so I had no idea at all what she was thinking. (EXPRESS)
9. I’ve tried to advise my daughter against hitch-hiking around Europe alone, but she won’t listen to me.
She’s so ........................... (HEAD)
10. How awful! What an ..........................thing for anyone to do! (OUTRAGE)
PART 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box. (10 pts)
persist dispose adequate confer out
condition part fail lone conscious
More than half of the World’s population consider themselves shy, delegates to the first
international (1)..................on shyness, being held in Cardiff, will be told today. One in 10 cases is
severe. Effects include mutism, speech problems, (2).................. , blushing, shaking and trembling, lack
of eye contact, difficulty in forming relationships and social phobia- the most extreme form of shyness,
defined by the American Psychiatric Association as a pronounced and (3)..................fear of social or
performance situations in which embarrassment may occur. Shy people tend to blame themselves for
social (4)................ and attribute success to (5).................. factors. They expect their behaviour to be
(6).................., remember
only negative information about themselves and accept without challenge adverse comments from others.
The causes are complex and not fully understood. The latest theory is that it can be traced to genes
as well as to social (7)................... One estimate, based on research with twins, is that around 15 percent
of the population are born with a (8)..................to shyness. Some psychologists believe there are two
types: an early developing, fearful shyness and a later developing, (9).................. shyness. The fearful
version emerges often in the first year of life and is thought to be (10)..................inherited.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10PTS)

The Ministry of Health has said the Zika (1)..................... might hit Vietnam as Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes, which transmit dengue fever, abound here in the nation. The warming comes after the head
of the World Health Organization said last Thursday that the mosquito-borne virus is “is now
(2)..................... explosively” in the Americas, with 3 million to 4 million infections estimated in the
American
region over a 12-month period. The ministry said Vietnam’s strong trade, tourism and labor exchanges
with other nations could (3).....................to a Zika outbreak in the Southeast Asian country. Though no
Zika (4)..................... have been detected in Vietnam, the ministry has written to the Pasteur institutes and
institutes of hygiene and epidemiology across the nation instructing them to (5)....................on alert for
Zika. They were told to monitor those patients (6).....................of contracting the disease, especially
(7).....................returning home from Zika-hit countries. The ministry said Zika and dengue fever should
be monitored at the same time. People are advised to closely monitor their health in the first 14 days after
going home from affected nations, and if they develop any (8)..................... of fever, they should come to
medical centers and hospitals for examination. Residents are urged to keep a watchful eye
(9)..................... sources of still and stagnant water where (10)..................... can replicate.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2(10PTS)
In its simplest sense the word “advertising” means “drawing attention to something”; or notifying
or informing someone of something. You can advertise by (1).....................of mouth, quite informally and
locally and without incurring great expense. But if you want to inform a large number of people about
something, you might need to advertise in the more (2).....................sense of the word, by
(3).....................
announcement. If you put a notice in a local newsagent's shop, design a poster or (4) ..................... some
space in a local newspaper, you are likely to (5) ..................... the information you wish to communicate
to the attention of more people than if you simply (6)..................... the word around friends and
neighbours. You could (7).....................further and distribute leaflets as well, get someone to
(8)..................... a placard around, even advertise on local radio and organize a publicity stunt. However,
you might not be (9)............. to simply convey certain facts and leave it at that. You might wish to add a
bit of emphasis or even to exaggerate the facts by (10)..................... to people 's emotions. And this is of
course where all the controversy about advertising in its current form arises.
II. WORD FORMATION(20PTS)
1.....................includes beliefs, theories, or practices that have been or are considered scientific, but have
no basis in scientific fact. (SCIENCE)
2. They argue that killing seals for ..................... products cannot be justified. (ESSENTIAL)
3. They were accused of ..................... of the terms of the contract. (OBSERVE)
4. A business that teaches and reinforces.....................performance at all levels is a business that is
dedicated to the well-being of its employees. (ERROR)
5. From September 1829 until March 1830 Lundy was assisted in the .....................of the paper by
William Lloyd Garrison. (EDITE)
6. “....................., this show is harmful to your belief structure," Stewart said in disbelief.
(EDUCATION)
7. The aim of this project is to create a ..................... house that will serve as Dormitories, Restaurant with
terrace, Bar, Dh arm a Shop, Office and Meeting area. (PURPOSE)
8. Determining why some high ability students demonstrate low levels of achievement is difficult because
.....................occurs for many different reasons. (ACHIEVE)
9. This chapter explores how judicial.....................about what is at stake for constitutional losers puts
constitutional stature at risk. (TRUE)
10. A ..................... person always tries to be fair and rea son able, and always listens to other people's
opinions. (MIND)
Complete the passage with appropriate forms of the words given in the box.
favour precedent equal decorate captive
compare exploit economy attend destroy
Gold has several qualities that have made it a commodity of exceptional value throughout history. It
is attractive in colour, durable to the point of virtual (11)..................... , and usually found in nature in a
(12).....................pure form. The history of gold is (13).....................by that of any other metal because of
its value in the minds of men from earliest times. Because it is visually pleasing it was one of the first
metals to attract human (14)......................Examples of elaborate gold workmanship, many in nearly
perfect condition, survive from ancient Egyptian, Minoan, Assyrian , and Etruscan artisans, and gold has
continued to be a highly (15)..................... material out of which jewellery and other (16) .....................
objects are crafted. The era of gold production that followed the Spanish discovery of the Americ as in
the 1490s was
probably the greatest had the world witnessed to that time. The (17).....................of mines by slave labour
and the looting of Indian palaces, temples, and graves in Central and South America resulted in a(n)
(18)... influx of gold that literally unbalanced the (19)..................... structure of Europe. Until today the
world remains (20)..................... by the allure of gold.
FIRST PASSAGE: Questions 1-10
STABILIZING POPULATION LEVELS
Once the number of children per couple has been reduced, the primary tool for stabilizing
population growth is family planning. Family planning (1)....... potential parents with reproductive health
(2)....... , contraception, and counseling on fertility control choices. There is (3)....... substantial unmet
need for these services in the developing world. According to Bulatao, from 10 to 40 percent of married
women of reproductive age in developing countries - and a large, (4)....... unknown, number of unmarried
women - want but do not have access to these services.
Beyond the many maternal and child health benefits of family planning, (5)....... as improved health
care, the AIDS epidemic offers (6)....... powerful reason for filling this family planning gap. The same
family planning network can provide the grassroots foundation (7)...... halting the spread of AIDS. The
same condom s that limit fertility can (8).......limit the spread of the virus that causes AIDS.
High population growth rates and high rates of HIV infection are (9).......to the same social
problems such as inadequate public education and health services. Most experts agree that efforts to
provide these basic social entitlements will help combat both (10)........
SECOND PASSAGE: Questions 11-20
The general picture is one of worldwide repression of the cinema. Censorship systems inevitably
reflect the societies in which they exist. In most places strong state control or religious or judicial
pressure ensure heavy restrictions. Political changes are often quickly followed by changes in censorship
law- new
government in Argentina and Venezuela, for (11)....... , have introduced more liberal methods- but
(12)....... swings are usually temporary. There is even evidence that movement to the right in Denmark
and Sweden is leading to a diminution of the freedom of the media in (13)....... countries. The liberal
trend of the sixties has been halted or reversed in almost all places that (14).......affected.
There is, however, one notable exception to this swing towards relaxed censorship, for in Australia
the traditionally tough line has (15)....... relaxed to a remarkable extent.
But Australia is an interesting case simply (16 )....... it has reversed the general trend. The hope that
censorship would be coming to (17)....... end judging by worldwide trends of that time, has been soundly
dashed in the years (18)........ In most places censorship seems as firmly based as ever, reinforced by the
turn to the right that has characterized politics in so many countries that have done (19 )....... with
censorship have suffered in any calculable sense, there is (20)....... reason to believe that their lead is
likely to be widely followed in the immediate future.
caffeine diverse consume aroma certain
technology continent science strike relation
Further research by Nestle's (11)...................... to capture more fully the taste of home-made coffee
resulted in the invention of the freeze-drying process in 1966 and the launch of Nescafe Gold Blend.
In simple terms, Nescafe is made by selecting the right mix of beans, extracting liquid coffee in
much the same way as the conventional coffee machine, and then freeze-drying the results. The
(12)...................... skills lie in the roasting, extracting and dehydrating processes employed. There are two
basic coffee plants: arabica, a highly (13)...................... variety grown in central and south America and
the east coast of Africa at altitudes between 600 and 2,000 metres, and robusta, a more pungent, stronger-
tasting coffee grown
below 600 metres in parts of Africa and Asia. Arabica accounts for two-thirds of world coffee production,
robusta for the rest.
Nestle estimates that on average 3,000 cups of Nescafe are drunk every second, with an overall
(14)...................... of no fewer than 100 billion cups per year. More than 40 million cups of Nescafe are
drunk every day in Britain.
In 1974 the Nestle board, concerned about the company's dependence upon (15)......................
commodity prices and sources of supply in politically and economically unstable regions, decided to
(16)...................... outside its core food business. The company bought a large stake in the French
cosmetics group L'Oreal.
In the next three years the price of coffee quadrupled and the price of cocoa tripled. Nevertheless,
Nescafe continued to be a big seller, and a greater variety of coffee drinks was brought out under its
brand name. These included Blend 37, with a more (17)...................... coffee taste, an after-dinner coffee
using just arabica beans, (18)...................... Nescafe and an instant cappuccino.
In the 1960s Nescafe started to replace its tins with glass jars. More (19)....................was its 1980s-
90s Gold Blend TV campaign, a mini soap opera about the developing (20)...................... between a
young couple. It grabbed the nation's attention, perhaps more for its story line than the product.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 1

A key component of any vigorous economic system is its transportation system. The growth of the
ability and need to (1)...................... large quantities of goods or numbers of people over long distances at
high speeds in comfort and safety has been an index of civilization and, in (2) ......................, of
technological progress. Communication and commerce are facilitated by the smooth and rapid
movements of goods and people from one place to (3)....................... Such movement requires a (4)
well-...................... infrastructure. The term “infrastructure” is used to (5) ...................... all the facilities
that an economic system has in place, inclusive (6) ...................... its network of roadways, railroads, and
ports, as well as the vehicles and vessel to (7)...................... them. These facilities must be in place before
trade can be handled on a regular (8) ....................... Transportation systems are necessary in order for
goods to (9)...................... markets where they can be sold or (10)...................... for other merchandise or
services.
OPEN COLZE TEST 2
The advancement of the noble profession of nursing has its (1)......................in two sources, one
scientific, the other social. From the period of the renaissance to the eighteenth century, there was little
advancement in the (2) ...................... of medical science. (3) ......................, there was an explosion of
discovery during the nineteenth century. At that time, germs were discovered as the leading cause of
death. “Hence the “germ theory” of disease was developed and methods of preventing and treating
infectious diseases were discovered. In addition, anesthesia was discovered. Since the time of these
advancements, the (4)......................volume of medical knowledge has challenged healthcare
professionals to keep (5) ...................... of the latest developments in the field of medicine. In fact,
medical (6).................. has produced more medical and health knowledge since the 1950s than in all
previous centuries (7)............. This expanding (8) ...................... of new information to be applied by
health services workers has challenged the educational systems for physicians, nurse, and other
healthcare professionals, and applied (9) ...................... on the delivery system of services to a public that
is better (10)...................... about healthcare issues.
WORD FORMS 1
1. Both countries are signatories to the Nuclear......................Treaty. (PROLIFERATE)
2. I admire her ......................way of dealing with people. (RIGHT)
3. The economy appears to be...................... in people's minds. (MOST)
4. He demanded......................sentences for those behind the violence. (EXAMPLE)
5. It's a ......................sort of a house with books and papers lying around everywhere . (ORDER)
6. It seems important to ...................... people to the fact that depression is more than the blues. (SENSE)
7. Our...................... were down this week because the weather was so bad. (TAKE)
8. The program gives the facts but does not...................... blame. (PORTION)
9. Teachers have joined a strike aimed at forcing the government to pay…………..salaries and
allowances. (DUE)
10. Most people believe that the government dispenses...................... justice. (HAND)
WORD FORMS 2
surgeon infectious prosecute intestine attend
sick food notion hospital devote
TOO MUCH IN COMMON
Kathleen Bush and Yvonne Eldridge had a lot in common. First, both cared for children with
extremely complex medical problems: Jennifer Bush suffered from constant (1) ..................... problems,
and Eldridge’s two foster daughters had many ailments that left them weak and emaciated. Second, both
Bush and Eldridge spent most of their time taking their (2)..................... girls from doctor to doctor?
Jennifer was (3)..................... 200 times, and all three children had to undergo (4).....................to place (5)
..................... tubes into their stomachs. Third, both parents received the highest praise for their
(6).....................to their little charges. Bush was praised by Hilary Clinton at a 1994 White House rally,
while Eldridge was named (7)..................... “Mother of the Year” in 1988 by First Lady Nancy Reagan.
Yet (8) ..................... later discovered that Kathleen Bush and Yvonne Eldridge also shared a dark
secret. Bush and Eldridge were accused of having a strange psychiatric ailment called “Munchausen
syndrome by proxy" that made them manufacture the girls’ illnesses because of their own needs for
(9)..................... and sympathy. Bush deliberately poisoned and (10)..................... her daughter; Eldridge
starved her foster children and reported symptoms that never existed.
PASSAGE 1
A SPORTING GOAL FOR WOMEN
Football is traditionally, a man ’s sport, but now the women are muscling in on their act, or so it
(1).................... So many top male footballers have been transferred (2).................... astronomical sums of
money that the game has been more a high-powered business that a sport. This is (3)....................the
women came in, more motivated, more interested in the game (4)....................than in promoting
themselves and generally better behaved both (5)....................and off the pitch. (6)....................a strong
contrast to (7)......... male counterpart’s greed and cynicism. Indeed, according to FIFA, the world football
governing body, the future of football belongs to women, and the organization has (8).................... out to
actively promote women’s football. Perhaps, in (9).................... of the fact that women are half of the
world’s population, this is how it should be. In the USA, many members of national women’s football
teams are (10).................... known than male footballers, and some professional female players in both
North American and Europe have attracted lucrative sponsorship deals.
PASSAGE 2
BEWARE OF VITAMINS!
Vitamins are good for our health, aren’t they? Perhaps not. New research suggests that rather than
ward off disease, high doses of certain vitamins may (11).................... more harm than good and could
even put you in an early grave. A variety of recent studies suggest that (12).................... from improving
health, these vitamins, (13).................... taken in very high doses, may actually increase the risks of
cancer and a range (14).................... deliberating diseases, a discovery that has sent the medical world
into a spin. Scientists are unsure (15).................... to why vitamins, so essential to health, can be toxic in
high doses. The most likely explanation is that the body is only equipped to deal with the levels found
naturally in the
environment. If the intake is too far (16)....................the normal range, then the body’s internal chemistry
can be shunted out of alignment. (17).................... this means is that the commercially sold vitamins and
(18).................... provided by nature are not always compatible. The commercial forms may interfere with
the body’s internal chemistry (19).................... “crowding out” the most natural and beneficial forms of
the nutrients. The vitamins obtained (20).................... food are also allied with a host of other substances
which may moderate or argument their activity in the body. The lasted advice is to eat a balanced diet to
ensure you get all the nutrients you need, and if you must take supplements make sure you take the lowest
recommended dose and follow the instructions on the bottle.
CLOZE TEST 1: (10 POINTS)

MOBILE PHONE THROWING CHAMPIONSHIPS
The Mobile Phone Throwing Championships (0) are held every year in Finland, the birthplace of
the first mobile phone, which was more (1).................size of a small briefcase than tiny accessories
(2)............. today. When the championships first took place in 2000 there were (3)................... mere 30
competitors, but now the championship attracts well (4).................. 100 people from around the world, all
of (5) ................ boiling over with frustration at one of the past century’s most influential inventions.
The competition is divided (6)................... two sections, contested by teams and individuals. The
original category is judged simply on length of throw, but in the freestyle event competitors win one
points awarded (7)................. notable performances during the run-up. (8). .............. some competitors
use their own handsets, more betray a grudging dependence on their phone (9) .................selecting a
missile from a large range of second-hand phones (10)..................are supplied by the organizers.
CLOZE TEST 2: (10 POINTS)
Phoenix-like from amidst the ecological ashes comes as a story of hope. At dawn, on a usually
deserted beach on the Greek island of Cephalonia, crowds compete (11) ................journalists and
television crews, gathered together to witness the arrival of something rather special.
Four years ago, eggs (12)............... by the rare Loggerhead turtle were found in a nest on this very
beach. It was judged by expert that it was too late in the season for the hatchings to have any
(13).............of survival in the wild, so action was taken. The British charity, Care for the Wide, decided to
fly eggs back to Southampton University and attempt to hatch them under special conditions in
incubators. All four eggs hatched successfully and it was decided that when they were four years old,
they were (14)..................of surviving in the wild. They were returned to the remote beach, which
remains unmolested by the ravages of tourism, and released in (15).................. of an audience of excited
well-wishers. An example, one night say, of positive human intervention in the process of natural
selection!
However, their fight for survival is far from over. The Loggerhead turtle is one of the (16)................
endangered species of all. It has inhabited the earth for approximately ninety million years and is now
facing a man-made threat which has put its survival in precarious (17)................. . The turtles can live as
long as one hundred years but they don’t even begin to (18).................characteristics of their gender until
they rich thirty. Effectively, our four heroes will have to struggle for another quarter of a century until
they begin to fight back and fulfill some of the hopes invested (19). ................. them. In that time, they
will be forced to resist not only natural threats, but also dangers imposed on them by fishing industry and
tourist development. Their chances are slim to say the least, but it is hoped that their story might
(20) ............ awareness of the plight of the turtles.
Choose and write the correct form of the words in the box to finish the following passage.
botany reveal molecule please compare
evolution pollinate ordinary distant like
Rafflesia is a rare parasitic plant species found in Southeast Asia. Rafflesia has been (11)..................
to a fungus because it lacks chlorophyll and is incapable of photosynthesis. Perhaps the only part
of Rafflesia that is discernible as distinctly plant-like is the flower, which is said to be the world ’s
largest.
Many (12 ).................have been keen to discover why the flower is so large, so they recently
conducted (13).................analysis on the plant. This resulted in the (14 )................. that it has evolved
almost 80 times from its origin as a tiny bud to today’s seven-kilo mega-bloom. Although this
(15).............. transformation took tens of millions of years, such an (16)...................... spurt is still one of
the most dramatic size changes ever reported. Such growth rates in humans would be (17)................. to us
being 146 meters tall today.
The plant is also unusual in another way. Its smell is extremely (18).................but this horrible trait
attracts such (19).................. . as flies. It is thought that Rafflesia’s huge flower helps radiate the smell
over long (20) ......................

LEARNING BODY LANGUAGE
Throughout history people have always communicated with one another, not only by (1).................
but also by movements of the hands and body. It is, however, only in the last few years that these aspects
of communication have been studied widely. This type of communication is known as body language or
(2).................communication.
People sometimes wonder if you can learn how body language works. It is of course possible to
read books on the subject but you also need to spend time (3)................. people’s movements. A railway
station is a particularly good place for such observation, as here people can be seen (4).................
expressing eagerness, sorrow, delight, impatience and many other human (5) ................. by means of
movement.
If you turn (6)................. the sound on your television set and try to understand what is happening
simply by watching the picture you will learn even more about communication (7) ................. words. By
turning the sound back up every five minutes or so, it is possible to check how (8)................. your
understanding is.
Having studied the art of body language you will have a definite advantage at a (9)................. party.
You will be able to sit on your (10)................. for the whole evening and thoroughly enjoy yourself by
both watching and interpreting the body language of all the other people there.
Man is a unique being. He is (11).................from all other creatures in that he does not merely form
part of the environment. Man reshapes his environment (12)................. will to suit his purposes. He does
not have a natural habitat and is able to adapt (13)................. to living in different environments. Among
the many ways in which Man has changed his environment are the building of cities and roads, the
(14)............. of land for farming and the reclaiming of land from the sea. (15)................. some of the
changes are harmless, some are extremely harmful to the environment.
An example of a harmful consequence of Man's actions is (16)................. of pollution. Through the
use of scientific knowledge and advanced technology, Man has increased his well-being and life
(17)........... In the process, (18) ................., he has also brought about the growing problem of worldwide
pollution. One of the main sources of air pollution is motor vehicles. Gases emitted from the car
(19)................. do contain many chemicals, which are harmful to people, animals and plants. Industry
also contributes significantly to the pollution of the environment. There is no majority city in the world
today in which we can breathe fresh, clean (20).................. It is, therefore, important for us to be
environment-conscious and avoid actions, which bring about harmful effects to our environment.
II. WORD FORMAT ION (20PTS)
disaster company celebrate skill consider
explain contribute pain expert surprise
On holiday last year my two travelling (31)......................and I joined a day’s cookery course in a
Mexican restaurant. There were eight participants, all keen to learn the secrets of the nation’s cuisine. The
students ranged from people who already had some (32)...................... in the kitchen, to totally
(33).............. people like myself.
Our teacher, Liana Cabrera, started with a short talk, then handed out some notes giving
(34)............. of terms we would be coming across. Soon we were trying out a range of exotic ingredients,
with (35)..........
good results. Cabrera started giving cookery lessons five years ago, and has become quite a
(36)................., with long waiting lists for her courses. And because of her extensive knowledge of
almost- forgotten regional dishes she is also a regular (37)...................... to cookery programmes on
national television.
In the afternoon I joined the salsa-making team, with rather (38)......................results. My
colleagues complained that my food was so (39)......................hot it mad e their eyes water. Their own
efforts turned out (40)......................better than mine.
The communal meal at the end of the day was delicious, and I had not only learnt something about
cooking but also broadened my understanding of Mexican culture.
PASSAGE 1
Men and women are often considered to be completely at odds with each other, in terms
(1)................ their attitudes and behaviour. Not so when they are in love, new research has discovered. As
far as their hormone levels are (2).................. ,when men and women are in love, they are more similar to
each other
(3).................. at any other time.
It has (4).................. 5 been known that love can (5).................. havoc with hormone levels. For
example the hormone cortisol, (6)..................is known for its calming effect on the body, dips
dramatically when one person is attracted to (7).................. ,putting the love-struck on a par with sufferers
of obsessive compulsive disorder.
But a new study has found that the hormone testosterone, commonly associated with male
aggression, also falls when he is in love. In women, it’s quite the (8).................. . Testosterone levels,
which (9)............ to be lower among females, rise towards (10).................. of the male.
PASSAGE 2
Miserable, overworked, insecure - the British work the longest hours in Europe and express the
least job satisfaction. However much richer they are, they are becoming fed up to the back (1) ..................
with work every year. What is the whole (2) ..................of economic success if it is matched by growing
unhappiness? Like dumb oxen we work harder than everyone else - a third of men work more than 50
hours a week - but we’re not smarter. For more than a century factory acts and ever shorter working hours
marked the onward (3) .................. of industrial progress. Now social history has apparently gone into
(4) ................ In an annual study Professor Cary Cooper of the Manchester School of Management
revisits 5,000 managers, from CEOs down to juniors. He finds them increasingly anxious about their
lives. This is (5) ......
surprising since half of them work most evenings and a third work most weekends. Despite falling
unemployment, people feel their own job or status is in grave (6).................. because they suffer more
(7).................. at work than they did five years ago. Restructuring, downsizing and radical change at work
(8) .................. a life of constant upheaval,-and the current merger epidemic (9) ..................off
unpredictable job loss. Most feel that this uncertainty (10) ..................with their home life and health as
well as their company’s productivity. These are the people who set the work patterns for their
organization, yet even they are victims of forces beyond their control - such as pressure from investors
and competitors. What can be done?
II. WORD FORMS
onus child fatigue mind able
white take access enter climate
There is no other race quite like it; no other race in a place so (1).................. ; no other race which
puts the body through a test of (2).................. of such extremes. The Antarctic Ice Marathon was the
(3).................. of Richard Donovan, whose company, Polar Running Adventures, gives runners the
opportunity to (4)..................in a race through the barren wasteland that is the snow-covered Union
Glacier. Last year, there were some 34 participants in the race, and, this time, the number of
(5).................. is expected to be higher still; such has been the level of interest shown by members of the
public, amateur and professional athletes and the media alike. But, while the prospect of being part of as
unique an experience as the Antarctic Ice Marathon is, seems, on the face of it, a rather agreeable notion,
those considering putting their names in the mix would do well to be (6).................. of just how intense
and (7).................., both physically and psychologically, the event can be. You will be cut off completely
from civilization, with not even a penguin there to cheer you on, and you may have to face temperatures
dipping considerably lower than the levels your body would (8).................. itself to dealing with, not to
mention the (9) ................ of Tine weather - think instead near (10).................. conditions and zero
visibility. But, if you still fancy giving it a go, get in touch with Richard and he can make your dream (or
nightmare) come true.
PASSAGE A
NOTHING'S NEW IN MEDICINE
Throughout the ages, disease has stalked our species. Prehistoric humans must quickly have learnt
what could be (1)................without danger, and how to avoid plants that could bring (2) ............... .
illness. They found leaves, berries and the bark of different trees that could actually (3)................wounds
and curethe sick, and it soon became a special skill to understand natural medicine.
Ever since the dawn of (4)................, medicine men and wise women have always been expert in
treating diseases and have dispensed medicine with ritual and magic. Through (5) ................ and error
they discovered treatment for almost any affliction prevalent at the time. The precious recipes for
preparationswhich could (6)................pain, stop fits, sedate or stimulate were handed down from
generation to generation, although there was (7) .............. exact understanding of the way in which the
medicines worked. Nevertheless, despite the power of these primitive medicines, generations were still
ravaged by disease.
During the last 150 years, scientists and doctors, (8) ...................... work has focused on these early
medicines, have learnt that their power derived (9)................ certain chemicals which were found in
herbal remedies or could be synthesised in the laboratory. In just such a way, advances in modern
medicinecontinue aided by the discoveries (10)...............centuries ago by our ancestors.
PASSAGE B
* Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with ONE suitable word.
FROST AND FIRE
Iceland has been called the "land of Frost and Fire". This is a very satisfactory (1 )................ , for
the mountains on this island in the North Atlantic are capped with snow the (2) ................ around, and
there are scores of fiery volcanoes. Contrary to what most people think, (3) ................, Iceland's climate is
notextremely cold. Most days are quite agreeable because of the warm (4)...............of the Gulfstream .
When the Vikings began to (5)................in Iceland in 874 AD, they found books and crosses the
showed the Irish had already been there. It is likely that Irish and Scotch had come to Iceland about
seventy years (6) ......... ...... the Vikings arrived. These explorers, however, had made (7) ................
lastingsettlements. The first real colonists were Scandinavians who came directly from Morway, Sweden,
and Denmark. Since were Scandinavians who came directly from Morway, Sweden, and Denmark. Since
Iceland is adjacent (8) ...............one of the most important shipping routes between the United States and
England, it (9)................ very important during the Second World War.
The people of Iceland have very high educational standards. It is said that more books are sold in
Iceland in (10) ................to its population than in any other country in the world.
II. WORD FORMS
A. Put the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The careless driver was.........................................about his bad behavior, which made all the witnesses
fly into a rage. (APOLOGIZE)
2. The pregnant woman is looking at the collection of ....................................... clothes. (MATERNAL)
3. There was a /an..................................... change in the tone of her voice.
Almost nobody could recognize it. (PERCEIVE)
4. The slight ................ ........ in his left hand was corrected by surgery. (FORM)
5. We are trying to create our own computerized ................................... (DATA)
6. In my opinion, this book is just................................... rubbish. (INTELLECT)
7. The company has established total........................ over its rivals. (SUPREME)
8. Bard is a very good employee, and is very ............................ (CONSCIENCE)
9. He achieved..................................for failing a drug test after winning an Olympic final.
(NOTORIOUS)
10. Before enrolling on a course, you should first ensure that it has been ......................... by an officially
recognized body. (VALID)
B. Fill each blank with the correct form of the world chosen from the box.
courage spontaneous hinder dramatic grace
precede depart profession commerce type
FLAMENCO DANCE
The essence of flamenco is song, often accompanied by the guitar and improvised dance. Music
and dance can be placed into specific groups. These categories are usually located across a continuum
with subjects dealing with the profound to those that are light hearted. (1)...............the themes of death,
anguish
and despair, in contrast to love, gaiety and the countryside are (2) ..............In flamenco dance, the men's
steps are intricate, with toe and heel clicking. Footwork in women's dancing is of less importance, with
the (3 )................ use of hands and body taking (4 )................... In the dance, the arm, hand and foot
movements closely resemble those of classical Hindu dance. Essential to traditional flamenco is the
performer's interpretation of the dance (5).................by the emotion of the music. Performances are often
accompanied by rapid hand clapping, finger snapping and (6) ................. shouts. The dancers themselves
frequently employ finger snapping in complex rhythms including the use of castanets. This dance form
was (7)............ in the 19th century, when Romany people first began to perform in cafes. In this
environment, (8 )................ from the traditional form occurred. Unfortunately, the pressures of the
(9) ................stage meant that rehearsed routines replaces the (10) ................of the original
flamenco performances.
1. OPEN CLOZE TEST 1:
AGEISM
I used to (0) be an ordinary member of society running from meeting to meeting just like anybody
else. But then some kind (1)..................... misguided friends laid (2)....................a surprise birthday party
when I was 70.
(3) ............. then they had called me Old. Indestructible, (4)..................I was told, but overnight
theirbehaviour towards me changed. Do you need a chair, dear? Would you like a cup of tea, love?
(5)..................... cruel of all, whatever would 1 do with myself now that I was retired? My life as an
ordinary citizen (6)..................... to an abrupt end.
(7).....................befits my new status as a dependent, I must keep my head down, stop clamouring
for a betterpension and be grateful for my free bus pass and for concessions when I go into a museum.
The whole welfare system seems hell-bent on (8 )..................... me in what "they" think is my proper
place.
What is so exasperating is that (9)..................... of this is inevitable. Ageism is a European
phenomenon, a comparatively recent by-product of the industrial society, in which as non-workers, older
people are a drag on the market, of (10).................... value, a cost and a problem.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2
THE GALAPAGOS
Visitors to the Galapagos Islands could be forgiven forasking what all the fuss about. Disaster
workers and ecologists(l) ........... outnumber tourists, but there are few visible signs of a disaster. A
wrecked oil tanker, stranded on rocks a mile (2)........... is a blot on the tropical landscape. Simply keeping
catastrophe at bay was never going to satisfy an environmental group that wants the Galapagos lslands
to remain as they were when Darwin visited in 1839. (3)........... since most of the credit for the narrow
escape is thanks to the winds and currents that carried the spill (4)........ to sea.
About a third of the islands' 600 or so, native plant species are found only there. (5 )........ the 57
species of reptiles, land birds and mammals, more than 80 per cent are found nowhere else. Among these
is the world’s largest marine lizard, the only species of penguin found in the tropics, a cormorant that has
lived so long without predators that it has lost the (6)........ to fly, and many rare species of tortoise. All
are uniquely vulnerable, hence the unique concern.
The Galapagos Islands were (7)............ a national parkin 1959. and developed an apparently model
ecotourism industry - groups are sent (8) ............ hopping to designated sites and always with a guide.
The local conservationists appeared confident at the helm, and the international environmental groups
were pleased to have one (9) ........ place to worry about - until the rusting ship ran (10)..........and leaked
its cargo of oil.
II. WORD FORMS
WORD FORM 1: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. To contrast and relate the two styles of Picasso, you should have his early drawings .....................with
his later works in the exhibition. (POSE)
2. It is common knowledge that oil and water are ............... . For example, pouring olive oil into water
results in two distinct layers. (MIX)
3. There was yet another ..........................yesterday at the factory over the question of tea-breaks
(WALK)
4. One of the cars involved in the accident was a complete............. (WRITE)
5. Our principal is virtually ............... in English, Chinese and Vietnamese (LANGUAGE)
6. The last recession......................the economy. (VITAL)
7. Like many..... of his generation, he was fascinated by the Internet (technology)
8. Since most problem are ................... there are several alternatives to choose from each with unique pros
and cons. (FACET)
9. I don’t think Tom’s getting too much sleep lately. His eyes are terribly................. (BLEED)
10. Don’t think you can ...................me! (SOAP)
WORD FORM 2: Supply each gap with the correct form of the word given in the box.
break work lift value mix
complete wind unite bear script
Those people who fear that three decades of significant technological (1)................. have produced
a generation of (2) ........... and unhelpful Internet addicts will be (3) .................. by a survey showing that
some teenagers are better trained than they ever were, domestically speaking. Nearly 60% of parents said
that their teenagers were(4) .................at looking after themselves, agreeing with the statement that 'My
son/daughter can organize a meal and cook it.' Those parents with children aged 14-18, were most likely
to be in agreement with this. The aim of the survey was to (5) ............ the attitude of parents towards their
teenagers.
About 1,000 parents were asked if they agreed with (6) ................. views on typical teenage
behaviour and lifestyles in the early years of the 21st century. In the analysis of responses it was found
that, while teenagers regarded weekends as a time of (7 )..................... most parents considered them a
time for study or
family (8)................ However, the contention that it's useful to have a teenager because of their seemingly
(9) .................. . ability to know how the TV and computers work was a point that almost everyone
(10) ....................to.
CLOZE 1
WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN
What if ...? It is interesting to speculate on the twists and turns that have shaped recent history.
Would penicillin have been discovered (1) ………….. a microscopic organism not landed on one of
Alexander Fleming’s culture dishes, for instance? Every day, people in marketing departments around the
world come to decisions about products that have a profound (2) ………….. on all our lives. The failures
are soon forgotten, but that doesn’t mean the visionaries were wrong. More (3) ………….. than not, they
simply didn’t get their marketing right.
Take car engines. There has been (4) ………….. shortage of alternatives to the petrol-driven
engine, but the world’s automotive and petrochemical industries have made sure that most of them
quietly disappeared by using their commercial and political influence. A (5) ………….. fate befell the car
tyre that would never (6) ………….. replacing. Polymers and rubber compounds developed for
astronauts’ moon boots would reputedly never have (7) ………….. out if they had been used to make
tyres for road vehicles. But the everlasting car tyre (8) ………….. limited appeal for manufacturers.
Occasionally a product can make it against the odds. Sony chairman Akio Morita was strongly
advised against producing a tape recorder that couldn’t record. He recalls ‘Our marketing people
responded (9) …………..enthusiasm. They said it wouldn’t (10) ………….. on, and it embarrassed me to
be so excited about a product most others thought would be a dud.’ More than 100 million Walkmans and
personal cassette players have been sold worldwide.
CLOZE 2
Whitney Houston was the youngest of three children born to John and Cissy Houston in East
Orange, New Jersey. She was born (1) ………….. a musical family as her mother was a successful R&B
backup singer, her father was Cissy's agent, and her cousin was Dionne Warwick. (John Houston later
became
Whitney's agent.) Houston grew up in East Orange, New Jersey and (2) …………..began singing in the
Baptist church. As a teen she sang (3) ………….. for Lou Rawls and Chaka Khan and worked as a
model.
She broke into the music industry in 1985 when she signed a record (4) …………..with Arista
Records and produced her (5) ………….. album, WHITNEY HOUSTON. She received her first Grammy
Award for one of the number one songs on the album, "Saving All My Love for You." Her second album,
WHITNEY, was the first album by a female artist to enter the charts at number one. Houston has since
received numerous Grammys, and became the first performer to have seven (6) ………….. number one
singles on the BILLBOARD magazine pop-music charts. She has also enjoyed a successful (7)
………….. as an actress in lead roles for such movies as THE BODYGUARD and WAITING TO
EXHALE. She has (8) ………….. most of the music for the soundtracks in these films.
Houston is involved with (9) ………….. humanitarian organizations as the United Negro College
Fund, the Children's Diabetes Fund, and St. Jude's Children's Hospital. She (10) ………….. The Whitney
Houston Foundation for Children, Incorporated, a nonprofit organization assisting homeless children and
children with cancer and AIDS.
II. WORD FORM: (20 PTS)
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the capitalized words in brackets.
1. He is a quitter who is ……………..….. unsuited to remaining a champion. (TEMPER)
2. Though she had spent hours fixing the computer he …………………..her efforts. (LITTLE)
3. He ran a hot bath and……………………in it for half an hour. (LUXURY)
4. Books were a form of…………..…….. from the real world. (ESCAPE)
5. If the cabin …………….…….., oxygen masks will automatically drop down. (PRESS)
6. ……….…..statements, feelings, opinions etc. are wrong because they are not based on facts.
(FOUND)
7. An ……….…….. person tries to make other people do what he or she wants in an unpleasant and
forceful way.(BEAR)
8. He comes from a completely ……………... , lower middle-class family. (CULTURE)
9. I remember her as a quiet, hard-working and……………….. girl. (SPEAK)
10. His daughter has made quite a number of ………….. in her career as a doctor. (SUCCEED)
Put the words given in the correct blanks. You have to use their correct forms to make a
meaningful passage. There are two extra words you do not need to use.
decisive functionality sequential alternative infancy sense
taking appetite transmit perception gate wire
The chemical senses are the (1) ………….. of the body. They provide information about the
substances we come into contact with, and thus influence our (2) ………….. about what to eat and drink.
Although our responses to many flavours may appear to be (3) ………….. , they can actually be modified
by experience. Much of what we like and dislike about flavours is learned.
Scientists are exploring factors related to food choice and (4) …………..across the human lifespan.
One research programme with human (5)…………..examines the role of early experience on
development of flavour preferences in life. The late-term foetus has (6) ………….. chemosensory
systems that can
detect tastes and odours, and research has shown that flavours associated with the mother’s diet are
passed into the amniotic fluid. Such (7) ………….. of flavour may provide the foetus with an early
introduction to elements of the mother’s cuisine.
At the other end of the lifespan, research has shown that loss of (8) …………..of taste in the elderly
affects the way food is (9) ………….. by these individuals. For example, olfactory loss can diminish food
cravings and also aversions, leading to lack of preference and (10) ………….. to lack of appetite.
A. TEST 1
The number of people in Britain receiving a new diagnosis of (1) ……………..such as asthma,
eczema and hay fever is increasing by five percent every year.(2) …………….. is some evidence to show
that Britain’s obsession with rules and regulations to ensure cleanliness in the home, supermarket and
workplace is reflected in the number of allergy sufferers.
One theory is (3) ……………..we have far less (4) ……………..to dirt and germs during child
hood than we used to have, so our bodies do not have the opportunity to develop resistance to allergens.
While we may (5) …………….. down on the unhygienic to food and general living which people had in
the (6) …………….. , there are some lessons we could learn today by maybe being a bit (7)……………
cautious.
(8) ……………..would dispute the importance of medical advances. These include vaccinations
given routinely to children which have revolutionized our lives by providing immunity to some life-
threatening (9) ……………... There is, however, some controversy over whether they actually weaken
our immune (9 ) ……………..and are being given unnecessarily for diseases which are not dangerous.
B. TEST 2
Performance Art began in the 1960s in the United States and was originally a term used to describe
a (1) ……………..event that often included poets, musicians, film-makers and so on, in (2) ……………..
to visual artists. There were earlier precedents for this art form, including the Dadaists in France, (3)
……….
combined poetry and visual arts, and the Bauhaus in Germany, whose members used live theatre
workshops to explore the (4) …………….. between space, sound and light. By 1970, Performance Art
was a global term and its definition had become (5) …………….. specific. Performances had to be live
and they had to be art, not theatre.
Performance Art could (6)…………….. be bought, sold or traded. Performance artists saw their
movement as a means of taking art directly (7) …………….. the public, thus completely eliminating the
need for galleries, agents, accountants and (8) ……………..other aspect of capitalism. One recent form
of Performance Art is an email-driven experiment in groups of people who suddenly materialise in public
places, interact with others (9) ……………..to a very loosely planned scenario, and then (10)
…………….. just as suddenly as they appear.
II. WORD FORMS
1. A combination of boredom and, increasingly, ……………..ensured that the standard of the son’s work
declined alarmingly. (ABSENCE)
2. Distances between the stars are……………..vast. (IMAGINE )
3. The locals are advised to stay away from …………….. rioters. (CONFRONT)
4. He sounded…………….. enthusiastic about the idea. (EXCESS)
5. Although he is not a native speaker, his foreign accent seems almost……………...(PERCEIVE)
6. The paint will cover any…………….. in the surface of the walls. (REGULAR)
7. The movie has been criticized for apparently……………..violence. (LEGITIMATE)
8. A conspicuous indication of his promising career wrecked by scandal is that he has been……………..
to a lower range. (PROMOTION)
9. He was …………….. about losing and said that he’d be back next year to try again. (PHILOSOPHER)
10. The plan …………….. the inner cities has been unanimously approved by the committee. (VITAL)
B. Choose a word from the box and give it a proper form to fill in each gap to complete the passage.
design execute enhance drama out
demand orientate company acquire sleep
Power napping is an effective and under-used tool, it is a quick, intense sleep which (1)
…………… improve alertness. These naps are especially useful for those whose sleep is constrained by a
(2) ………… schedule: for example, mothers of small children or traveling business (3)…………….
However, the
conditions must be right and practice is required for maximum effect.
Power naps should be short, between ten and twenty-five minutes, to prevent (4) ……………on
awakening. Some people believe it is impossible to fall asleep in such a short time, but (5) …………… of
the habit is simply a question of practice. At the (6) …………… , it is more important to relax for a while
than actually fall asleep.
Power napping is not a good idea if you find it difficult to wake up at the (7) ……………time to
have problems sleeping at night after a power nap in the day. The kind of dozing that can (8) ……………
a sensation of overwhelming (9) …………… is not a true power nap, but a desperate attempt to
compensate for a poor sleep routine.
However, with practice, you will find that power naps can lead to a welcome (10) …………… of
your, performance when you need it most.
PASSAGE 1:
True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a
welcome drink. Nor is it about drifting (1) ………………an exhausted sleep. Useful though these
responses to tension and over-tiredness (2) ……………… be, we should distinguish between them and
conscious relaxation in terms of quality and effect. (3) ……………… of the level of tiredness, real
relaxation is a state of alert yet at the same time passive awareness, in which our bodies are at rest while
our minds are awake.
Moreover, it is as natural (4) ……………… a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting.
(5) ……………… relaxed in action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, so as to
have a feeling of healthy tiredness by the end of the day, (6) ……………… than one of exhaustion.
Unfortunately, as a result of living in today’s competitive world, we are under constant strain and
have difficulty in coping, (7) ……………… alone nurturing our body’s abilities. (8) ………………needs
to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation.
With (9) ………………in mind we must apply ourselves to understanding stress and the nature of
its causes, (10) ………………deep-seated.
PASSAGE 2:
CONTEMPORARY ART
There is a wide held view that artistic standards have got (11) ……………over the last 100 years or
so and that contemporary art is in a bad way, the clichéd response being “my three-year-old child could
have done better that that”. Yet many pieces sell for millions of dollars within the art world. How can we
get to the (12) ……………… of this seeming contradiction?
Those new (13) ……………… contemporary art should be forgiven for this kind of response, but it
is largely a matter of their ignorance rather than the reality. What needs to be (14) …………… clear is
that contemporary art is at the cutting edge; painting a lifelike picture of a racehorse is no longer an
option for an artist attempting to break new ground. Were contemporary artists to produce pictures like
this, we would actually have the (15) ……………of all worlds - a stagnant and back-ward looking artistic
tradition.
Having said that, some contemporary art is of poor (16) ……………, but that’s true of every art
(17) ……………… at any point in history. We can only decide that novels are great, for example, by
having mediocre or bad novels to compare them to.
However, those (18) ……………… the top of the contemporary art world are producing innovative
and challenging pieces At (19) ……………… best, contemporary art is as exciting and productive as it’s
possible for art to be.
There is, of course, a (20)…………… line between quality contemporary art and pseudo-art.
Abstract pictures produced by cats, for example, have no real place in the contemporary art world. They
merely relieve the gullible and the ignorant of their money.
II. WORD FORMS: (20 PTS)
PART 1: Give the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1. She had had a .......................... of what might lie ahead. (PRESENT)
2. “Help!” she cried, waving her arms .......................... in an attempt to attract someone’s attention.
(DISTRACT)
3. Her willingness to work hard is what...................... her from the other students. (SIGN)
4. The impact on the environment of this massive oil spillage is................. (PONDER)
5. The box didn’t look very ...................... but the necklace inside was beautiful. (POSSESS)
6. Tuesday’s news report of another baby mix-up case sadly lent.........................to last night’s TV drama
on a similar subject. (TOPIC )
7. Many governments are.......................... after 50 years. (CLASS)
8. The car veered onto the wrong side of the road and collided with a(n)..................... truck. (COME)
9. The opening of the new theatre a month ahead of schedule brought........................all round. (SLAP)
10. It was very................. ....of you to do her shopping for her. (NEIGHBOUR)
organic herb want touch ecology
gene environment mar lose use
Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture. (11)……………. our
gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds - any plants that thrive where they : are (12)…………….
They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede farming. Their spread eliminates grazing
areasand accounts for one-third of all crop (13) …………….They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and
water with useful plants.
The global need for weed control had been answered mainly by the chemical industry. Its
herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if (14)
…………….. Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants,
groundwater, and drinking water. They also harm workers who apply them.
In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several (15) …………….that are more (16)
…. sound. Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world's weed problems. Hence, scientists are
exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organism s, primarily insects and (17) ……………..
The biological agents now in use are (18) ……………. benign and are harmless to humans. They
can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants (19)
…………….. In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants .they come in
contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been (20) …………….modified for
resistance. Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no
added applications are needed. Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.
Read the following passage and think of a word that best fits each gap.
I NEVER THOUGHT it might include me. On the last Sunday of each April, some 500 men and
women run 10 kilometers around London’s Alexandra Palace in the Crouch End Fun Run. This year 485
entrants completed the race, and the race sheet reports that one W. Hutton took an hour and 12 minutes to
run in 481st. Remarkably four (81)…………. finished the race more slowly. But I was alive, (82)
………… my family’s foreboding - indeed prediction - of death (83)…………. heart attack. As the
runners jostled amiably together afterwards, now competing for a free doughnut and orange juice and
waiting for the various children’s events to begin, I got struck by the enthusiasm and the sheer numbers
of people who had turned up. If they themselves weren’t running, then they were making sure their
children (84) ………….. We were all, of course, part of the booming (85) ………….in personal fitness.
The market research organization Mintel reports that over two million people are full (86) …………. of
private health and personal fitness clubs - up by a third in just six years. The Sports Council’s most recent
survey shows 12 per cent of the population are now participating in some form of (87) …………. fit or
yoga. Regular walking, ,the most prosaic and cheapest of sports, is enjoyed by nearly half of us - up by a
quarter over the past 10 years. But this boom in individual sporting is not matched by participation in
team games. The numbers playing rugby, hockey, and cricket are gently (88)…………. ,with football
(89) …………. the only exception. There are over 100,000 football clubs in Britain: it remains by (90)
…………. Britain’s most popular team game, and there are signs that women are beginning to join men
in their interest - even so, its growth does not match that of sports for individuals.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2: (10,0 điểm)
Yumei watched in shock as soldiers charged at one (91) ………….across a narrow strip of land.
Smoke hung (92) ………….the battlefield. The teacher's voice came quietly over the intercom in her
observation unit. "In the First World War, many lives were lost due to the (93) ………….the battle was
fought. A deadly dance was performed daily by men from both sides. They would take (94) …………. to
charge towards the enemy trenches, across terrain (95) …………. with mines, and crawl under barbed
wires. Those who survived would then face heavy enemy artillery. Under such circumstances, it was not
surprising that such charges were called 'suicide missions'. Yumei winced as rusty bayonets were (96)
…………. to impale men who would then be (97) ………….to die painfully from the loss of blood,
gangrene or shock. She knew that the medical facilities were primitive. The surgeons did not know about
the need to disinfect the surgical room, nor the need to keep the wound as clean as (98)…………. Most
of the young men (99) …………. of wounds that could easily have been healed in just a few more
decades. Yumei reached over and turned off the observation unit. Now she understood (100) ………….
her country censored war.
II. WORD FORMS
1. We can get something to eat from the Chinese ……………..…. (TAKE)
2. The government imposed a ………………….tax on some industries. (FALL)
3. The role of clouds is one of the big conundrums of …………………….. (CLIMATE)
4. My uncle is a ……………………. , whose job is to advise people on what kind of food they should eat
to keep healthy. (DIET)
5. Diets rich in beans are used to help with a variety of health issues including lowering cholesterol
levels, improving blood sugar control in …………………... (DIABETES)
6. Tourists and many Vietnamese…………………. in France took part in a protest taking place at
Trocaclers Square near the Eiffel against China’s illegal deployment of a giant oil rig to Vietnamese
Eastern waters. (PATRIOT)
7. Actually, scientists say that cloned animals will not be exact replicas of their……….………. (GENE)
8. He was one of the all-time great boxers with his quick jab and dazzling……………..…..(FOOT)
9. My friends started going out late to nightclubs so I decided to………………….myself from the group.
(SOCIAL)
10. In buying their business , the company gains a major…………………….in a market it considers
critical to the future of the industry. (HOLD)
WORD FORMS 2: (10,0 điểm)
health sharp wise cork afford
go consume itinerary dispose break
“FREEBIE" MARKETING
In the late 1890s, while travelling as a(n) (1)……………. sales person for the Crown, Cork and
Seal Company, King C. Gillette observed how his (2)…….……….bottle caps were dis carded
immediately after opening. Nevertheless, his company turned a(n) (3)…………….profit and there was
immense business value,Gillette soon came to realise. In a product that was used only a few times,
Gillette had his own personal (4)…….……….while struggling with a straight-bladed razor - a slow,
fiddly and potentially dangerous instrument that required (5)……………….on a regular basis. A simple,
(6)……….……. blade that could be thrown away when it dulled would meet a real need and generate
strong profits, he correctly reasoned. After founding the American Safety Razor Company in 1901, his
sales leapt from 168 blades in 1903 to 123,648 blades only a year later.
What King C. Gillette pioneered is far more than a convenient and (7)………….….way for men to
shave, however, it is the business practice now known as “freebie marketing” that has inspired many
more companies over the years. Gillette's approach was contrary to the received (8)……………. of his
era, which held that a single, durable, high-quality and relatively expensive consumer item with a high
profit margin was the best foundation for a business. Freebie marketing involves two sets of items: a
master product that is purchased once, and a consumable product that is frequently disposed of and
repurchased on a(n)(9)……………. basis. In this instance, the master product is often sold with little to
no profit margin and is sometimes even dispensed at a loss. As the (10)……….……….are purchased
over months and years, however, this can yield a much greater overall profit.
PASSAGE 1
WOMEN’S FOOTBALL
A senior football administrator has (1)………….. female players angry by suggesting that they
should wear different clothes in order to attract more interest in the sport. “Let the women play (2)
………….. more femine clothes like they do (3)………….. playing volleyball,” said Sepp Blatter,
president of the football governing body, FIFA.
“Female players are pretty, (4) ………….. you excuse me for saying so, and they already have
some (5)………….. rules from men - like (6)………….. with a lighter ball female game, for example.
That decision was taken to create a more female game so (7)………….. not to it with fashion too?”
Pauline Cope, the England goal keeper, said the comments were “typical of (8)………….. man.”
She went (9) ………….. to say, “he doesn’t know what he is talking about. He’s wrong about the lighter
ball for a start. And to suggest that we should wear more feminine football kit is ridiculous.” Marianne
Spacey,
the manager of Fulham, agree with Cope. “ Surely the game should be about skill and not about (10)
…………..the players look.”
PASSAGE 2
There was a time when university professors, (11)………….. with an air of authority and a bunch
of letters after their names, expected deference from their students. That time has passed. Faculty at
universities large and small is finding that many students now regard them as little more than highly
educated servants.
One student emailed his professor explaining that he’d missed class because he was recovering
from a big party, and now he wanted the teacher’s notes. Another emailed an ‘urgent’ message at 11p.m.
on a Saturday night and again on Sunday morning demanding to know why her first email had been
ignored.
What’s more, dozens of professors (12)…………..angry emails from students who aren’t happy with
their end-of-year grades. The students expect an ‘A’ grade and believe that it’s the teacher’s job to give
them one.
What’s going on? It seems that a mixture of the informality of email and a growing lack of respect
for university teachers has eroded the professor’s standing. Many students see education as just another
commodity to be bought and sold. They (13) ………….. do not recognize the years of learning and
experience possessed by professors, or they do not care.
The problem has been exacerbated by the advent of email. While email has made professors more
(14) ………….. , it has also meant they are expected to be available around the clock to answer
questions, however trivial or inappropriate. One lecturer at a UK university says, “Some students send up
to three emails a day asking for information that’s in the brochure or that’s nothing to do with me. One
asked me what type of notebook he (15)………….. buy, and another asked how much rent she should be
paying. I wasn’t sure how to reply without sounding condescending or scary, so I didn’t reply at all.”
An assistant professor at a US university thinks the problem is not the (16)………….. but the tone
of the emails. “Students must realize that we aren’t their friends. We are authority figures.” At the
beginning of the semester, she establishes email etiquette: “We talk about the types of questions I’m
willing to
answer and how (17)…………..I’ll respond, and also the level of politeness expected. I also explain that
the person who needs help always writes the final email and it always includes thanks.”
And it’s not just the email (18)………….. has created new tension between students and teachers.
Technology plus student power can be a dangerous cocktail for university faculty, as the story of one
lecturer at a US university demonstrates. During class, one of his students appeared to be browsing the
internet on her laptop instead of taking notes - so he walked over and closed her laptop. This (19)
………… on a Friday. The following Monday, as the class was about to start, he was arrested by the
campus police. The 22-year-old student (20) …………..that he’d assaulted her.
II. WORD FORMATION (20PTS)
1. He was fined £500 and……………from driving for three years. (QUALIFY)
2. Arnold died in 1953: his wife, who……………him by almost half a century, passed away on the last
day of the millennium. (LIVE)
3. I cannot comment; I have sworn to ……………on the matter. (SECRET)
4. There is every …………… that prices will continue to rise next year. (LIKELY)
5. My grandfather was extremely……………about astronomy; the planets were his great passion.
(KNOWLEDGE)
6. The assistants in Gamidges are unhelpful and……………. (COURTESY)
7. The bookcase was placed …………… near the door to hide a huge crack in the wall. (STRATEGY)
8. First prize was the not …………… sum of £500,000. (CONSIDER)
9. Millions of innocent civilians suffered great……………as a result of the war. (HARD)
10. A heavy……………before the start of the match left the pitch looking rather like a swimming pool.
(POUR)
appoint sell receipt apply suit
bore pack friend depress immediate
After my marriage two years ago I moved down to Kent where my new had a good job as a (11)
…… manager for a local company that produces (12)……………materials. I had to leave my job in
London and thought I would find another one (13)…………… but it turned out to be a (14)……………
slow process. I must have written at least forty letters of (15)…………… before I even got invited to go
for an interview. I was beginning to feel quite (16)……………when 1 still hadn’t found anything (17)
……………after three months. In the end I took a temporary post as (18)…………… in a local hotel.
I’m still there and I love it. Everyone who works there is very (19) …………… and the work’s so varied
that no one could complain of (20)……………
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20pts)
PART 1. Fin each gap with ONE suitable word. Write you r answers in the box provided.
Many separate fires smoldered in the humus of the forest floor. Smoke sometimes (1).....................
a shadow over the sun, which was often visible only at midday. On September 30, flames came within
three miles of the town of Green Bay, (2).....................1,200 cords of wood stored at a charcoal kiln. The
settlements in the area were becoming increasingly (3)..................... from both the outside world and one
(4)..................... as railroad and telegraph lines burned. The fires seemed to wax and (5) .....................,
depending on the wind and chance. On September 30 the Marinette and Peshtigo Eagle reported
hopefully that “the fires have nearly (6).....................out now in this vicinity.” But the paper was wide of
the (7)..................... , and the fires were growing. By October 4, the smoke was so thick on Green Bay
that '
ships had to use their foghorns and navigate by compass. On October 7, the paper, (8)..................... to
looking for any scrap of good news, noted that at least the smoke had greatly reduced the mosquito
population and that “a certain establishment down on the bay shore that has been obnoxious to the
respectable citizens” had burned. The paper’s editor, (9)..................... -off by the burning of the telegraph
line, could not know it, but a large, deep low-pressure area was moving in from the west. The winds
circling it would turn the smoldering forest of north-eastern Wisconsin into (10)..................... on earth.
PART 2. Fill each gap with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the box provided.
Despite the continued resilience of those early town perks, it wasn’t until the Depression that
modern Hershey started to take (1).....................Perhaps the only town in the country actually to prosper
during the 1930s, it thrived because Hershey vowed his Utopia would never be on the (2)......................
Instead he funded a massive building boom that gave (3) ..................... to the most visited buildings in
today’s
Hershey and delivered wages to more than 600 workers. He admitted that his (4)..................... were partly
selfish: “If I don’t provide work for them, I’ll have to feed them. And since building materials are now at
their lowest cost levels, I’m going to build and give them jobs.” He seems to have spared no
(5)..................; most of the new buildings were strikingly opulent. The first to be finished was the three-
million-dollar limestone Community Centre, home to the 1,904-seat Venetian-style Hershey Community
Theatre, which has played (6)..................... since 1933 to touring Broadway shows and to music, dance,
and opera performances. It offers just as much to look at when the lights are on and the curtains closed.
The floors in the aptly (7).....................Grand Lobby are polished Italian lava rock, surrounded by marble
walls and capped with a bas-relief ceiling showing (8)..................... of wheat, beehives, swans, and scenes
from Roman mythology. With dazzling inner foyer, Hershey (9).....................his nose even harder at the
ravages of the Depression: The arched ceiling is tiled in gold, the fire curtain bears a painting of Venice,
and the ceiling is studded with 88 tiny lightbulbs to re-create a Star-(10)..................... night.
II. WORD FORM (20pts)
PART 1. Use the right form of the words given in capitals to complete the sentences below. Write
your answers hi the box provided.
1. Although the U.S. has recognised same-sex marriage nationwide, it doesn’t mean we allies can rest on
our laurels and are ..................... from the responsibility to advocate our LGBT friends and families.
(ONUS)
2. As the global warming looms large, more and more icebergs make the .....................journey from one
continent to another, resulting in the sea level rise. (POLE)
3. My mother was unable to get over her..................... since she was never a part of the high-tech
generation, for whom computers must have been a living nightmare. (PHOBIC)
4. People coming from the Southern Vietnam always enjoy home cooking, especially the snakehead fish
done slowly in .....................pots over fires then served with rice and vegetables. (EARTH)
5. The fauna is becoming comparatively ..................... due to the isolation, young geological age of the
island and forestry activities within habitats. (PAUPER)
6. The jailbreaking of iOS is led by a (n)..................... talented and pre-eminent group of hackers, whose
jobs are much more complex than its simple elements might imply. (PASS)
7. The mind-boggling TV series Sense8 has posed a serious question: What happens when our
convictions and callings clash..................... with those of ordinary people? (CONCILIATE)
8. Training for advanced English exams is an opportunity to challenge yours elves, for it is quite difficult
to know your level if the consolidations are ...................... (BRAIN)
9. When children are bitten by poisonous snakes, initial treatment of .....................involves keeping them
collected and preventing further toxin release until access to medical assistance. (VENOM)
10. While many people argue that taking a gap year and travelling before college is merely a waste of
time and money, others consider it a (n)..................... experience that provides insight into real life. (EYE)
PART 2: Fill in each blank with the correct form of one appropriate word in the box. Use each
word only ONCE and write your answer in the numbered box
define labour slave tacit water
hold pain suffice take world
The Navajo are a peaceful and pastoral people, living by, with and off their flocks of sheep and
goats. Though the arid character of their country - good for grazing only - forces them to lead a nomadic
life, most of the families have one main home, generally in a(n) (1).....................valley, where they raise
corn, beans,
melons, oats, alfalfa, etc. The Navajo women weave the renowned Navajo blankets, famous for their
durability, beauty and variety of design, and careful execution, whilst a number of men are clever
silversmiths, -making silver necklaces, belts, bracelets, wristlets, rings and buttons of rare beauty, out of
Mexican silver dollars. They have always been (2)..................... They have little of the sullen,
(3)................ disposition attributed to Indians generally, and are cheerful, friendly, hospitable and
industrious. Their government is democratic; there is no chief over the whole tribe, and their local chiefs
are men of temporary and (4)..................... authority, whose power depends largely upon their personal
influence, their eloquence and their reputation for wisdom and justice. The tribe is divided into about 58
clans or genres, grouped under several original or nuclear clans. Marriages with Mexicans, Utes,
Apaches, but especially with the neighboring Pueblo Indians who were captured or (5).....................and
eventually adopted into the tribe, are responsible for a number of clans. As a consequence there is nothing
like a(n) (6)..................... or a prevailing Navajo type. Every variety of form and figure can be found
among them. Marriage occurs early in life and polygamy and divorce are prevalent.
The (7).....................system of pagan worship, expressed in chants, sacrifices, sand painting,
dances, ceremonies^ some of which last nine days, make the Navajo appears very religious. Though they
have no conception of one supreme being, their anthropomorphous deities are numerous and strikingly
democratic. The ideas of paradise and (8) ..................... being unknown to them, they believe in a
hereafter consisting of a life of happiness with the people of the lower worlds. They are consistent
(9)..................... in their faith system. Diseases are thought to be caused by evil beings, by malign
influences of enemies, and by various occult agencies. Their remedies are largely magical and constitute
an integral part of their religion. Their superstitions, ceremonies and customs are (10)..................... kept
alive by an extra ordinarily large number of medicine men who wield a powerful influence among them.
Though missionaries have lived among the Navajo since the early 1600s, few Navajo have been
converted to Christianity.
CLOZE TEST 1
The knowledge and eloquence that people gain through travelling is usually perceived
(1) ................. the best fulfillment in life. It is the inquisitive human nature (2) ................impels people to
seek thrilling experiences and to set out on an exploration trip. Those who travel frequently and to diverse
places benefit
from establishing new relationships and (3) .................a better knowledge about other cultures and
lifestyles. However, there is a grain of truth in the assumption that people are prone to cherishing clichés
and unfounded prejudices about other nations and their characteristics. Sometimes, it is only the first-
hand encounter that can help change the approach towards the (4) ................ “inferior communities”. This
direct (5) .....................with a different civilization enables travelers to drop their baseless assumptions
and get acquainted with the real concept of life in all four (6 )...............of the globe. Beyond question,
travelling
facilitates friendship and makes (7) .................... easier for many individuals to acknowledge the true
value of different traditions and customs. Yet, it does not always (8) .....................enjoyment.
It(9)...................also involve coming close with the atrocities of real existence as well as becoming aware
of the challenges
and hardships that other people have to struggle with. Hence, a true voyage is the one with a good deal of
experience to reminisce about, (10) ................. often combined with exposure to abhorrent sights and
incredible ordeals. The learning to be complete, thus, requires an ability to observe and analyze the
surroundings, both their glamour and brutality.
CLOZE TEST 2
ENJOY THE BENEFITS OF STRESS
Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be according (0) to some experts. They
argue that the stress (1 ).................in our daily lives is not only good for us, but essential to survival. They
say that the (2 )................to stress, which creates a chemical (3) ...................adrenalin, helps the mind and
body to act quickly (4) ....................... emergencies. Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile
conditions which exist on the planet.
Whilst nobody (5)................. the pressures of everyday life, what is surprising is that we are yet to
develop successful ways of (6)......................with them. Even the experts consider the current strategies to
be inadequate and often dangerous. They believe that (7)....................... of trying to manage our response
to stress with drugs or relaxation techniques, we must exploit it. Apparently, research shows that people
who (8)......................conditions of stress for themselves by doing exciting and risky sports or looking for
challenges, cope much better with life’s problems. Activities of this type (9)......................been shown to
create a lot of emotion; people may actually cry or feel extremely uncomfortable. But there is a point at
which they have succeeded and know that it was a positive (10 )..............
II. WORD FORM. (20ps)
1. The agenda for meeting is still not....................... (FINAL)
2. Management decided the office was...................... and sacked three junior typists. (MAN)
3. New full-time students from lower income households will be able to apply for a (n)......................
maintenance grant offered by the government, but have to work in public sectors after they graduate.
(PAY)
4. University faculties expect to receive completed......................by the beginning of June. (THESIS)
5. He made a ...................... attempt to climb the tree to recover his kite. (FOOL)
6. Store cards are offered at the till and people can obtain......................of credit cards with relative ease.
(FIST)
7. Please place y our cigarette ends in the...................... provided. (RECEIVE)
8. Why don’t you take the...................... and arrange the meeting. (INITIATE)
9. His workmates were very ...................... and selfish. (COOPERATE)
10. Heavy rain and excessive use have the soil....................... (POVERTY)
TEXT 1
Popular culture in industrial societies is (1) ........................to its core. On the one hand it is
industrialised - its commodities produced and distributed by a profit-motivated industry that follows only
its own (2)..................... interests. But on the other hand, it is of the people, and the people’s interest are
not
(3)........................ of the industry - (4).......................is evidenced by the number of films, records and
other products that the people make into expensive failures. To be incorporated into popular culture, a
commodity must also bear the interests of the people. Popular culture is not consumption, it is culture –
the active process of generating and circulating meanings and pleasures within a social system : culture,
(5).............. industrialized, can never be adequately described in (6)..................of the buying and selling
of commodities.
Culture is a living active process: it can be developed only from (7)..................it cannot be imposed
from without or above. The fears of the mass culture theorists have not been (8).. ....................out in
practice because mass culture is such a contradiction in terms that it cannot exist. A homogeneous,
externally produced culture cannot be sold ready-made to the masses: culture simply does not work like
that (9)................. do the people behave or live like the masses, an aggregation of alienated, one-
dimensional persons whose only relationship to the system that enslaves them is one of unwitting dupes.
Popular culture is made by the people, not produced by the culture industry. All the culture industries can
do is produce a repertoire of cultural resources for the (10) .............................formations of the people to
use or reject in the ongoing process of producing their popular culture.
TEXT 2
Many people in the western world (1)........................half their lives, three-quarters of their energy
and 99 % of their emotions in travelling, without once using their legs and, arguably, without ever really
(2)....... anywhere; and no one seems to stop for long enough to ask why. “The pedestrian remains the
largest single (3 )......................... to free traffic movement,” a Los Angeles planning officer reportedly
once said. It’s an attitude which typifies 20th-century urban planning in the western world and goes a long
way towards
explaining why so many cities are (4).......................by cars.
The (5).......................result is a world where the motor car rules supreme; (6 )..................with cities
hemmed in by ring roads and flyovers, with sprawling suburbs where nobody walks and residents must
drive endless kilometers for work or nourishment. In such an environment, children no longer play
outside
their houses or walk to school; people no longer (7)........................ along the street or stand outside
talking to the neighbours. Pedestrians have all (8).....................disappeared from the street - and walking
from the culture.
Moreover, people seem to live in complete awe of the device to which they have surrendered their
lives, despite knowing that it (9)................... them the clean air, peace and quiet and a pleasant living
environment they claim to value so highly. It must have something to do with the fact that,
(10)..................
inside, they enjoy the unreal sense of power that comes from a complete surrender to mechanism.
Although I am not alone in regarding the car as a fearsome engine of destruction, nobody seems prepared
to give it up.
II. WORD FORMATION :
PART 1: Complete the sentences, using the correct forms of the words in parentheses.
1. Now aged 42, he is no longer considered a serious (CONTENTION) .................for the title.
2. If knew of plans to carry out killings of exiled political (RESIDENT).................and at the very least
did nothing to top them.
3. How can a loving, (POTENT).............. God permit disease, war and suffering?
4. They put on a(n) (IMPROVISE )...........................concert for the visitors.
5. Find the area and (METRE)................ of the following shape.
6. As the clock ticked (TONE).....................on the wall Mr Simons slowly and methodically cut up and
ate his food.
7. He knew hundreds, perhaps thousands, of song off the top of his head, but he was not a
(VIRTUE) ....................musician.
8. Her action earned her the (ENEMY) .................of two or three colleagues.
9. I fought some guy on the weekend and (HEAD)..........his ass into the ground.
10. Stop (FOOT)................. around and tell me what you really think.
PART 2: Complete passage with appropriate forms of the words given in the box
BENT PERSON TALISMAN SMOKE TYPE
APPROACH SECRET IN WHERE REBEL
I was just a (1)....................child of my time, I suppose - open to everything. I was being a teenager:
curious, (2).....................in quest of the forbidden. You heard about these hip clubs in London from a
friend who had heard it from another friend who had actually been to one. The names alone took a
magical(3).... quality: the Marquee, Ronnie Scott’s. I used to come up from school and go to clubs when I
was about 16. I was dazzled by this scene, rudimentary as it was. I was just a girl from the provinces,
going up to the big
city to see what gives. I didn’t know anybody, I was alone and (4). ............. ...; I never spoke to anyone. I
was putting together a (5)..................out of a lot of diverse elements. The 1960s hadn’t happened yet,
there were only hazy intimations of what was coming. I thought maybe there was a bit more to it than
shuffling
around (6)...................... clubs and I was (7)..................... on being there when it happened, whatever it
was!
(8)........................... in the back of my mind I had made a decision to leave home, to break away.
My mother never suspected this. I’ve always laid my plans very (9)................... and never let anyone in
on them, which more often than not has turned out to be a mistake. I didn’t know that it was possible to
talk things over with people and not lose everything in the process - I thought the minute you confided
anything it would be gone or they would try to stop you. This was definitely true of my mother. I learned
very young to conceal my (10)...................thoughts from her.
1. He is the most ………………………………………… person I know. (IDIOCY)

2. She found the idea deeply ………………………………………… (REPEL)
3. The two pairs of twins make a pleasant ………………………during the game of golf. (FOUR)
4. The ……………woman did not utter a single word when her husband abused her. (SUBMIT)
5. Children of school age are very ………………..and tend to believe what they are told. (IMPRESS)
6. New scientific theories ………………reveal the limitations of the old perspective. (OVERWHELM)
7. He was very ………………………………towards his father. (OBEY)
8. The meeting ended and some questions remained …………………………………(ASK)
9. During the day I work in a …………………………agency as a telephonist. (SECRETARY)
10. Like no other planet, Mars has left …………………marks on human imagination and thought.
(REPLACE)
ILLUSION - SURVIVE - AUTHORISE - IDENTIFY - HEART - MITATE - FACE -

ENDURANCE - PROBLEM - PERCEIVE
In 1997 I went back to Beijing for the first time since the disastrous events of 1989. The Chinese (1)
……..….had been reluctant to re-admit foreign journalists who had witnessed the Tiananmen Square
student protests. Every eight years later, it was still (2) ……..…. to get into the Square with a television
camera, but we managed it. I looked for the bullet holes on the steps of the central monument, but they
had all been expertly filled in; a faint discoloration perhaps, but almost (3) ……..….. The most critical
moment in Chinese history after Mao Zedong's death seemed to have been entirely forgotten. My time in
China had given me an(4)……..…. interest in Chinese art, so I decided to go to Liu Li Chang, where for
centuries there has been an antiquities market. Unfortunately, many things for sale there nowadays are
modern (5) ……..…. empty-handed and I somewhat (6) ……..…., I went into a tea house and sat through
the usual ceremony, but there were (7)……..…. differences here too: it seemed quicker and the tea lacked
that extraordinary lingering scent. Thoroughly (8) ……..…., I returned to my hotel, one of the enormous,
(9) ……..…. places which have sprung up everywhere. Yet here, in a dark shop tucked away off the
lobby, my melancholy mood disappeared, for I met a (10) ……..…. from 1989, who remembered me
instantly. Not everything had been entirely forgotten.
21. Though many parties regard his behaviors as a(n) ____________, the public still had much faith in
his ability to become a leader. ERR
22. Matilda found it hard to overcome the powerful sense of ____________she felt on waking for the
first time in the new house. ORIENTATE
23. You should avoid those journalists. They are just ____________only distressing and prying into your
private life. CHIEF
24. Our local newspaper is often full of stories that are hardly ____________, but they need to fill the
pages somehow. NEWS
25. The rocks appear to be stationary but in the high winds that whip across this desert landscape, they
are in reality moving ____________. PERCEIVE
26. I was a bit ____________by my performance in the first exam, but I decided to make an extra effort
in the ones left. MORAL
27. His performance in the match today ____________his reputation as a great player. LIE
28. Many countries have agreed on the ____________ treaty. ARM
29. The main reason I believe children shouldn’t be exposed to violence on TV is that they are so
____________at that age. IMPRESS
30. The positive relationship between a business and a customer, often referred to as ‘___________’, is
difficult to quantify financially. GOOD
1. Scholarship and awards are usually given on the ______________. ( speech)

2. The legislation must be applied ___________ of someone's ethnic origins. (respect)
3. It is not possible for everyone to put their own ______________ on the law. (interpret)
4. Many people think that the famine was a result of the civil war, but it is _________.(truth)
5. You'll need to be a little more ____________ if you want to hold their attention to your writings.
(imagine)
6. Andi has correctly ___________ the order of a pack of cards in just 31.16 seconds. (memory)
7. A ____________ is a person who writes a book, etc. for another person, under whose name it is then
published. (write)
8. Don’t believe what they said. I think they are _________________ witnesses. (worth)
9. William Shakespeare is probably the most famous _______________ in history. ( play)
10. The novel was published and quickly became a (an) _____________. (sell)
11. Desert areas have little ________________. (vegetable)
12. Water will ________________ quickly in the hot weather. (vapour)
13. They used chemicals to clear the _______________. (block)
14. _____________ is a common problem during the draught. (arid)
15. Unfortunately, this level of output is ________________ . (sustain)
respiration anxiety act emotion order

treat addicted tense term digest
THE EFFECTS OF STRESS
There is a famous expression in English. “Stop the world, I want to get off!” This expression
refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, that makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to
relax, and become calm again. “Stress” means pressure or (11) _________. It is one of the most common
causes of health problems in modern life. Too much stress results in physical, (12) ______, and mental
health problems.
Stress can affect the heart. It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause
high blood pressure. Stress can affect the (13) __________ system. It can lead to asthma. It can cause a
person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It
can cause stomach aches and problems (14)_________ food. These are only a few examples of the wide
range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel (15)_______.
They may have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often
(16) _________ to little problems. For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work
may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
(17) __________ stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme
feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and
other (18) ___________ often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress.
Eating (19) _________, such as anorexia, are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by
stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one’s mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects the emotions. (20)____,
it may eventually result in mental illness. Stress has a great influence on the health and well-being of our
bodies, our feelings, and our minds. Then, try to reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.
1. The private school feared losing its _______ with the state's university system. (CREDIT)
2. That the child behaved _______ made the couple happy. (DEAR)
3. The candidate made a(n) _______ speech that incensed all those who heard it. (FLAME)
4. The business is _______ as it can no longer meet the repayments on its debt. (SOLVE)
5. A _______ is a popular place for tourists and travellers to send and receive e-mails. (CAFÉ)
6. In Scotland, there is greater emphasis on _______ by individual schools. (VALUE)
7. Babies affected by the disease will be born small, _______ and brain-damaged. (FORM)
8. She stood there completely _______, so I had no idea at all what she was thinking. (EXPRESS)
9. “What if” questions involving _______ are familiar in historical speculations. (FACT)
10. The Prime Minister warned the people of his country that they must be ready for any _______ - even
the possibility of war. (EVENT)
OFFEND RESPECT IRRITATE TEMPER TOLERATE

GROUND CONSTRUCT ORGANIZE COMPOSE BURST
ANGER
We’ve all felt anger at some time, whether as faint annoyance or blind rage. Anger is a normal,
sometime useful human emotion, but uncontrolled (1) _______ of temper can be destructive. People who
give free rein to their anger, regardless of the (2) _______ this may cause, haven’t learned to express
themselves (3) _______ , says Martin Smolik, who runs weekend residential courses in anger
management. ‘It is important to maintain your (4) _______and put your case in an assertive, not
aggressive manner without hurting others. Being assertive doesn’t mean being pushy or demanding; it
means being (5) _______ of yourself and other people.’ He adds that people who are easily angered are
(6) _______ of frustration, inconvenience or irritation and, not surprisingly find relating to other people
very difficult. But what causes people to behave like this? It seems there is evidence to support the idea
that some children may be born (7) _______ and prone to anger and this tendency is sometimes apparent
from a very early age. However, research also suggests that a person’s family (8) _______ may have an
influence. Very often, people who are (9) _______ and often find it difficult to express their emotions
come from (10) _______ and disruptive families.
concur set register local fluctuate

alarm intense observe convincible occur
There is now, by and large, (1)________ among scientists that Global Warming is real. The fact that
an average surface temperature rise of approximately one degree was (2)_________ during the 20th
century, in addition to the fact that the rate of warming (3)______ in the latter half of same and was
nearly double that of the first 50 years to (4)_________ most scientists. Climate proxies also suggest that,
with the exception of (5)________ warming and cooling events such as Europe’s Little Ice Age, this is
the first significant and prolonged temperature (6) _______ in the best part of 2000 years on a global
level. Further evidence in support of the warming hypothesis comes by way of the fact that,
also during the 20th century, a considerate rise in sea levels was (7)_________ , and, across both
hemispheres, southern and northern, glaciers went into retreat and remain so. Oceanic warming, albeit
gradual up to now, has also been confirmed, and the (8)_________rate of melting of polar ice, coupled
with a general rise in humidity and the increasing early (9)______ of spring each year are factors the
likelihood of the simultaneous coincidental (10) ______ of which scientists say is virtually nil.
1. ………… is the ongoing process that deepens and broadens the relationships and interdependence
among countries. (globe)
2. A bath is not the same thing as sleep, but anything that lets you relax for a while is…............., too.
(restore)
3. Not sick, Mai guessed, but probably………..now that she drank a lot at the party last night. (hang)
4. These students voluntarily spent their summer vacations helping the ……..(advantage)
5. Mr. Joseph Tan is working in the ……….department. He is always carrying out investigations.
(crime)
6. Eating fish and lots of vegetables greatly increases your life…………..(expect)
7. Her kindness to my children greatly…………….her to me. (dear)
8. This chemical removes unsightly…………in order to restore wood to its natural colour. (colour)
9. The lawyer said that his…………is accused of smuggling cigarettes into Long An province.
(defense)
10. No one wanted to ……….the obnoxious boy, so he was alone. (friend)
assume go overwhelm high destroy

be technology question perfection pessimism
The image that we have of science has………….radical change in the last hundred years. An
enormous …………….explosion, together with a number of very real anxiety about the environment and
all the moral and political ramfications of economic growth have…………put science at the centre of
public debate.
The twentieth century began with a challenge to the …………that human knowlegde was
approaching completion. It will come, perhaps, as something of a surprise to all of us to realise that
the emergence of this highly…………..process came both from within and outside science.
New scientific theories…………..reveal the limitations of the old perspective. We had thought that
the world, understood through the medium of rational…………., was, indeed, the real world. Now we
know that this was no more than a simplification that just happened to work. Once we realise this,
though, we can move in a number of opposing directions. We can re-evaluate all knowledge…………
and decide that it is eternally fragmentary and full of a vast number of…………, or we can be more
possitive and view these vast explosions of scientific awareness as new challenges still to come and as
celebrations of the………….that the human imagination has so far scaled.
1. The trouble with a back injury is that there is a great risk of _________. (OCCUR)
2. Nobody can _________his claims. (SAY)
3. Sections of the rails were sent to a laboratory for __________analysis.(METAL)
4. People were __________by the pictures the satellite sent back to Earth.(AWE)
5. The college is a _________of the child-centred approach to teaching. (STRONG)
6. __________items are items that cannot decay or be broken down by living organisms (DEGRADE)
7. The department’s budget was badly __________. (MANAGE)
8. Housework is a _______ task.(END)
9. A new electronic link-up that will connect 500 hospitals around the world has checked into______
(SPACE)
10. It would be __________ to sail in weather like this. (HARD)
help sight play memory team

chill rehearse indicate authentic lie
Watching a successful theatre production is an amazing experience. The performance looks effortless
and everything goes smoothly but this often (1)_______ the amount of work that was actually involved.
At the Palace Theatre, the average time from the first (2)_______ to opening night is just four weeks of
intensive work. Everyone involved attends the first read-through by the cast, so this is an ideal
opportunity to get an (3)________ into how a production germinates.
I took myself to the theatre on a (4)________ October morning to attend the read-through of the
theatre's new production - the British premiere of Sive, by the acclaimed Irish (5)________ John S
Keane. It is about a young girl about to be married off for money to an old man, while her true love can
only look on (6)________. It is a poignant portrayal of rural family life, rich in comedy and filled with
(7)________ characters played by an Irish cast for linguistic (8)________.
"It's important for people to have a sense of common purpose and (9)______ ," explains director Ben
Barnes. "The play has been in preproduction since June but this is the first reading and it will be
(10) ________of how the actors work together. And it's for the theatre staff as much as the actors.
ration part idol hero mutualism

smite side plato play requite
Youngsters in their teens or even earlier sometimes (1)______ film stars or other celebrities with a
kind of blind, devoted (2)______ . The objects of such adoration are regarded as gods by their (3) ____
worshippers. How sad that such devotion is almost always (4) ______(though pop-stars have been known
to marry their fans).
Young people also sometimes develop an (5) ______ obsession for another, often older, person that
is not an adult, mature feeling but simply a youthful infatuation. At parties a boy may (6) ______ try to
attract a girl, or vice versa, without intending any serious, lasting relationship. This is just a flirtation. A
relationship which gives deep and lasting happiness to both partners must not be (7)______ (felt more
strongly by one of the pair than by the other). It should be based on a (8)______ love and respect, felt
equally by each of the two. Of course it can take many forms. It might be very deep but entail no physical
desire, in which case it is described as (9)______ . Certainly, for any relationship to be stable, the two
people involved must be compatible. This does not necessarily mean that they must have attitudes and
interests in common, for (10) ______ of opposites can work very well. The different characters of the two
people somehow complement each other.
1. There is little hope that Maurice’s behavior will ever improve. It will probably remain so (CORRECT)
________________ till he grows up.
2. In my opinion, this book is nothing more than (INTELLECT) ______________rubbish.
3. Increasing import tax is believed to be (PRODUCE) _________________ as it would give rise to
smuggling.
4. My friends started going out late to night clubs, so I decided to (SOCIAL)_______________ myself
from the group.
5. New immigrants have been successfully (SIMILAR) ________________into the community
6. She looked absolutely (DUMB) _____________________ when I told her what had happened. She
could hardly say a word.
7. “What if” questions involving (FACT) _______________are familiar to historical speculations.
8. The Ministry of Education and Training decided to organize a(an) (COLLEGE)_____________
football championship to create a common playground for all students.
9. Since most important problems are (FACET) _____________________, there are several
alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages.
10. We should arrive two days early in order to (CLIMATE)_____________________
SURPRISE POOR USE LANGUAGE ADVERTISE

FAR TWO SEA STAND DREAD
From what we had read in the (1.) ______, it promise to be the holiday of a lifetime – not only a
quality hotel in a top (2.) ______ resort, but also (3.) ______cheap with it! We should have known it was
too good to be true! We arrived at the airport to discover we only had (4.) ______ tickets and there was
no guarantee we would be flying. Luckily, two places became free at the last minute and we took off. The
flight lasted at least (5.) ______ as long as it should have and by the time we arrived, we were both
feeling rather (6.) ______, probably because of the dubious in-flight meal we had had. We were met by
our guide, who seemed (7.) ______ incompetent and understood very little of what we said to him.
Instead of the hotel we had seen in the photograph back home, he took us to a squalid little guesthouse
much (8.) ______ away from the resort than we were expecting. We wanted to explain that there had
been a (9. )______mistake but it was (10.) ______ trying to complain – nobody could understand us.
1. I really believe that it would be a major mistake to _____ (crime) any drugs that is currently illegal.
2. There's so much fighting between rival groups that the country has become practically _______
(govern)
3. He wanted to go out with her, but all he got was a ____________ (brush)
4. They always wanted to get rid of him; they don’t like him being part of their circle of friends. They
treated him as an (cast)__________
5. Mr. Jones had a ________ (show) with the manager which resulted in his resignation.
6. I was a bit ________ (moral) by my performance in the first exam, but I decided to make an extra
effort in the ones left.
7. Jack got in a lot of trouble for_______ (persist) breaking school rules.
8. After ten matches, we had the_______ (envy) record of played ten, won none, lost ten.
9. There were some very interesting clay_____ (art) dating from the third century BC at the museum.
10. The Pet Shop Boys' sound is_____________ (imitate) and unique.
101. It is a misconception that _________ human blood is blue. (OXYGEN)

102. _________ and disinfectants are widely used in hospital to kill the bacteria. (SEPTIC)
103. Taking that old lady for a ride is _____________. (CONSCIENCE)
104. Sleeping during day and working when night comes sounds seemingly __________.(SCIENCE)
105. A(n) _____________ schedule assists me in passing the day smoothly. (ARRANGE)
106. Allowing yourself anything you like makes you a ____________ figure. (INDULGE)
107. The students are ________________ seperated into 3 differnt classes. (QUALIFY)
108. Hand ________________ is accused of including BBA, which can cause many health problems.
(SANITARY)
109. Viet Nam went through _________________ process and became an independent country.
(COLONY)
110. A(n) _________________ disease is one that will gradually deteriorate the functioning of any one
part in your body. (GENERATE)
PROBLEM ENDURANCE AUTHORISE PERCEIVE SURVIVE

IMITATE HEART FACE ILLUSION IDENTIFY
In 1997 I went back to Beijing for the first time since the (0)…disastrous….events of 1989 The
Chinese (11)………………….had been reluctant to re-admit foreign journalists who had witnessed the
Tiananmen Square student protests. Every eight years later ,it was still (12) ………….to get into the
Square with a television camera, but we managed it. I looked for the bullet holes on the steps of the
central monument, but they had all been expertly filled in; a faint discoloration perhaps, but almost (13)
……………….. The most critical moment in Chinese history after Mao Zedong's death seemed to have
been entirely forgotten My time in China had given me an (14) ……….…….interest in Chinese art, so I
decided to go
to Liu Li Chang, where for centuries there has been an antiquities market. Unfortunately, many things for
sale there nowadays are modern (15) ……….….. Empty-handed and somewhat (16) .…. I went into a
tea house and sat through the usual ceremony, but there were (17) ……….…………… differences here
too: it seemed quicker and the tea lacked that extraordinary lingering scent. Thoroughly (18)
……………., I returned to my hotel: one of the enormous, (19) …………….places which have sprung up
everywhere. Yet here, in a dark shop tucked away off the lobby, my melancholy mood disappeared, for I
met a (20) …………………..….from 1989, who remembered me instantly. Not everything had been
entirely forgotten.
STABLE STEADY SEQUENCE BRIGHT LIKELY

EVIDENT THEORISE FREEZE PRODUCE FLUCTUATE
Fortunately for life on Earth, the Sun’s (1) ______ of heat is remarkably consistent. But scientists are
aware that even a small change would have great (2) ______ for the future, triggering either a new ice
age, or a runaway global warming. There is (3) ______ that this has happened before. In 17th century
England, for example, the River Thames in London was regularly (4) ______ over. Scientists now think
that (5) ______ in the Sun’s temperature caused a “Little Ice Age” at that time. Indeed, the latest (6)
______ is that the processes going on in the centre of the Sun are inherently (7) ______. If the experts are
right, there could be many changes in the Sun’s (8) ______ this century and the (9) ______ is that the
temperature here on Earth will get (10) ______ hotter and hotter.
1. This is the first genuinely _____________________ (PARTY) government to be formed since the
war; the house stands united in the face of the daunting task that lies ahead in trying to rebuild the
nation's crumbling economy following a triple-dip recession.
2. This sparkling wine is the perfect ___________ (COMPANY) to spicy food.
3. The local _______________ (EAT) which I frequent the most is Gardner's on 43rd Street.
4. The ending was rather _________________ (CLIMAX) considering the fact that the film had been so
intense throughout.
5. Recent inflation could ___________ (NULL) the economic growth of the last several years.
6. The nomadic tribes of the Sahara are some of the few peoples well positioned to cope with the
problems which will invenitably arise as a result of _______________ (DESERT).
7. Already there is some evidence of the ______________ (GLACIER) of certain ice sheets in the
Arctic. Scientists say that this could get worse. The majority of mountain glaciers throughout the world in
both hemispheres are also presently in retreat.
8. He is a very ______________ (EFFACE) and humble man and always credits his team when they get
a good result. Yet we all now that much of the credit for their improved performances this year is down to
his excellence as a man-manager.
9. Max is __________________ (MEDDLE) in the extreme, and can't help but try to become involved in
the affairs of those around him. What he doesn’t realise, however, is that he is involvement is seldom if
ever helpful and usually makes things worse.
10. He examined the delicate artefact with __________________ (REVERE) care. I doubt he could have
been any more careful were he holding his own child in his arms.
WHERE GOVERN COMMENT TURN FOLLOW

MELT EXTENT REGULATE LONG PUBLIC
After a number of serious failures of (1) _____________ (that is, how they are managed at the highest
level), companies in Britain, as well as (2) ___________ , should consider radical changes to their
directors' roles. It is clear that the role of a board director today is not an easy one. (3) _______ the 2008
financial (4) _________ , which resulted in a deeper and more (5) ____________ period of economic (6)
_________ than anyone expected, the search for explanations in the many postmortems of the crisis has
meant blame has been spread far and wide. Governments, (7) ____________ ,central banks and auditors
have all been in the frame. The role of bank directors and management and their widely (8)
____________ failures have been (9) ___________ picked over and examined in reports, inquiries and
(10) ____________ .
1. A combination of boredom and, increasingly, ________________ensured that the standard of the son’s
work declined alarmingly. (ABSENCE)
2. Distances between the stars are ________________vast. (IMAGINE)
3. The locals are advised to stay away from ________________ rioters. (CONFRONT)
4. Although he is not a native speaker, his foreign accent seems almost_____________(PERCEIVE)
5. A conspicuous indication of his promising career wrecked by scandal is that he has been__________ to
a lower range. (PROMOTION)
6. The plan to ________________the inner cities has been unanimously approved by the committee.
(VITAL)
7. The inquiry was set up after the (RAIL) ________________ of a train near Leeds, the third accident
on the line this year.
8. The private school feared losing its (CREDIT) ________________with the state’s university system.
9. My house is (DISTANCE) ________________ from the two pubs in the village.
10. The house survives in a largely (ALTER) ________________ state.
LEG – PRODUCE – RUDIMENT – CONFIGURE – FLEX

LEAP – ALIGN – LOOP – BEHAVE – CONNECT
Look out, the transformers are coming! Kids just love those (1) _________ fiends that are alternately
monster and vehicle, but now it seems that they have (2) __________ out from the screen to become
reality. Dr. Mark Yim of Xerox's Palo Alto Research Centre (PARC for short) has developed the Polybot,
designed for use in search and rescue operations, deep-sea mining and space exploration. Built of about a
dozen identical modules, the Polybot changes shape while in motion, re-building itself from these
modules. Three different (3) ___________ are possible, depending on the terrain. On a level surface, it is
a (4) ______________ tractor tread. Travelling downstairs or clambering over obstacles, it morphs into a
caterpillar, and on rough ground it becomes a four- (5) ___________ "spider". How does it do it? By
having the modules talk to each other using infrared transceivers. They locate each other and achieve (6)
________________ with the aid of small on-board motors. The segments can both lock and (7)
_______________ from each other at will, each being controlled by its own processor, with a (8)
_____________ brain located in one of the modules. Cheap, durable and versatile once put into mass (9)
___________, the Polybot will eventually be able to regulate its own (10) ___________, just like on TV.
Now the kids will really love that!
PRECEDE LINK ARGUE SOLVE DIVERSIFY

DEVELOP ERODE SPOIL TAX PERVADE
The advances made by humans have made us the dominant species on our planet. However, several
eminent scientists are concerned that we have become too successful, that our way of life is putting
an (1)____________ strain on the Earth's ecosystems and threatening our future as a species. We are
confronting environmental problems that are more (2)___________ than ever before, some of them
seemingly (3)____________. Many of the Earth's crises are persistent and inexorably (4)__________ .
Pollution is an obvious example of this affecting our air, water and soil.
The air is polluted by emissions produced by cars and industry. Through acid rain and greenhouse
gases these same exhaust fumes can have a devastating impact on our climate. Climate change is (5)___
the greatest environmental challenge facing our planet with increased storms, floods, drought and species
losses predicted. This will inevitably have a negative impact on (6)__________ and thus our ecosystem.
The soil is contaminated by factories and power stations which can leave heavy metals in the soil.
Other human activities such as the (7)____________ of land and the clearing of trees also take their
toll on the quality of our soil; deforestation has been shown to cause soil (8) __________. Certain
farming practices can also pollute the land though the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. This
contamination in turn affects our rivers and waterways and damages life there. The chemicals enter
our food chain, moving from fish to mammals to us. Our crops are also grown on land that is far from
(9)_______. Affected species include the polar bear, so not even the Arctic is immune.Reducing waste
and clearing up pollution costs money. Yet it is our quest for wealth that generates so much of the refuse.
There is an urgent need to find a way of life that is less damaging to the Earth. This is not easy, but it is
vital, because pollution is (10)__________ and often life-threatening.
1. They claim that the fall in unemployment is based on a(n) __________ manipulation of statistics.
FRAUD
2. Hundreds of ________________ from the war zone have arrived in the city and we are trying to find
homes for them. EVACUATE
3. It’s better to be a(n) _____________ and eat a variety of plants and animals in case there is a shortage
of one particular kind of food. VORE
4. Be careful. You may be ____________ to put all your eggs in one basket. ADVICE
5. The rocks appear to be stationary but in the high winds that whip across this desert landscape, they are
in reality moving ______________________. PERCEIVE
6. The final vote was 128 for, 173 against with 21 ______________________. The government has been
humiliated by this defeat. ABSTAIN
7. Matilda found it hard to overcome the powerful sense of ______________________ she felt on
waking for the first time in the new house. ORIENTATE
8. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher called the hanging an act of ____________ which is deeply
repugnant to all civilized people. BARBARIC
9. In my opinion, this book is just _____________________ rubbish. INTELLECT
10. He was standing in the middle, in the _____________________ of the picture. GROUND
retail essence avoid variable logic

critic centre press exceed efficient
FOOD MILES
In Britain, what is described as 'food miles', the distance which food is transported from the
placewhere it is grown to its point of sale, continues to rise. This has major economic, social and
environmental consequences, given the traffic congestion and pollution which (1.) ____________ follow.
According to (2) ____________ groups, the same amount of food is travelling 50 per cent
furtherthan twenty years ago. What's more, the rise in the demand for road haulage over this period has
mostlybeen due to the transport of food and drink. The groups assert that the increase in the number of
lorryjourneys is (3) ____________ and that many of these are far from (4.) ____________.
In the distribution systems employed by British food (5) ____________, fleets of lorries bring
allgoods into more (6) _______ located warehouses for redistribution across the country. (7) __________
as this might appear, the situation whereby some goods get sent back to the same areas from which they
came is (8) ____________.
In response to scathing (9) ____________ from environmentalists, some food distributors now aimto
minimize the impact of food miles by routing vehicles, wherever possible, on motorways after dark. This
encourages greater energy (10.) ____________ whilst also reducing the impact on the residential areas
through which they would otherwise pass.
1. The true motives for Jack the Ripper’s notorious murders in Britain in the late nineteenth century are
rather ……………………, but they were all rather grisly. (DETERMINE)
2. Smallpox is clearly the worst of the …………………….diseases. (PEST)
3. Many staff at the Smith’s factory are to be made unemployed, but at least they’ll receive a
……………………………… payment to help them survive financially for a while. (SERVER)
4. With Hitler defeated, the Third Reich was ……………………………… to history. It would never be
seen again. (SIGN)
5. I think my last statement ……………………………… the situation pretty well – at least, I can’t think
of any better summary. (CAPSULE)
6. Yes, Gerald does like to come into this pub now and then, but I hardly call him a ………………… of
the place – he does like to drink in the other pub down the road as well! (HABIT)
7. The show was wild and spectacular – altogether, an ………………………………!
(EXTRAVAGANT)
8. Excuse me, but I think there is something wrong with my eyesight. May I have a………………… to
an optician? (REFER)
9. Once Germany became a dictatorship it fell into a state of complete……………………… - with
absolutely no opposition allowed. (TOTAL)
conduct reserve occur hospitable concentrate

forest consume deplete abound relate
emerge
The greenhouse effect is essentially the process by which the absorption and emission of infrared
radiation by gases in the atmosphere warms the planet's lower atmosphere and surface. Put simply, the
so-called greenhouse gases which cause this effect basically redirect heat that would otherwise escape
back into outer space down towards the surface of the earth. This phenomenon is actually key to creating
conditions (1) …………………….. to life on Earth. Without the natural (2) ……………of these gases
and consequent planetary warming, Earth would actually be a very (3) …………………….. place. The
problem, however, began in the 1800s during the industrial revolution. The increased amount of
industrial activity led to additional volumes of greenhouse gases being produced unnaturally as a result of
human activity. Obviously, as the level of industrial activity has increased dramatically over the last
several centuries, so too then has the rate of production and emission of greenhouse gases. Human
activity has therefore altered the balance of things with (4) …………………….. of greenhouse
gases such as CO2 and methane in the atmosphere significantly higher today than at any other time in the
past 800,000 years of Earth's history. About two-thirds of the additional CO2 released is attributed to the
burning of fossil fuels, while the rest of the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas levels is put down to
changes in land-use, in particular (5) ……………………..,and population growth, which, for example,
has led to greater numbers of livestock than ever before being reared for (6) ………………, and a
consequent significant increase in methane emissions. The (7) …………………….. of the tropospheric
ozone layer, caused by chlorofluorocarbons, has also had a significant warming effect on the Earth's
surface, but this is not to be confused with the greenhouse effect as the two phenomena are largely (8)
……………………… Given the relative (9) …………………….. of fossil fuels, our
dependence on them, and the emergence of new and more efficient methods of extraction the likelihood
of a significant reduction in carbon emission levels in the near future seems very unlikely. Therefore, the
problem of global warming also appears very unlikely to moderate. Besides, many scientists believe the
damage already done may be (10). ……………………..
1. The ___________ (PERVADE) reservation and donation system too adds to the youths' inquietude.
2. Cattelan himself, tall and _____________ (SATURN) in slim jeans and a salmon-colored shirt, was
on hand for last-minute activities on the day before the press opening.
3. Sadly, Vietnamese U-23 team's tireless efforts to win the AFC Championship were_____________
(AVAIL).
4. The splendid onomatopoeia of "hoary roaring sea" reminds us how well __________ (SOUND) and
alliteration work throughout the poem.
5. This recipe is ____________ (FOOL) - it works every time.
6. I must admit that it is time the organizers did away with the _____________ (ANNUAL) computer
system and bought a new one.
7. The philanthropist does not do anything ________________ (HEART), and that means a lot to her to
help others.
8. _____________ (GET) candidates who actively contribute to the development of the company stand a
better chance of being recruited.
9. The leader's second ____________ (TURN) on the matter of the keynote presenter met with strong
disapproval from other group members.
10. Avid descriptions of sophisticated technologies gave the science-fiction novel "The War of the
Worlds" a sense of _______________ (SIMILAR).
ASTRONOMY POLAR CENTER SPHERE ESSENCE

ANALOG ALIGN GUARD DISTANCE HEAVEN
Not only was William Gilbert in the (1)_____________ of the 17th-century science movements but
he also questioned the traditional (2)_____________beliefs. Though a Copernican, he didn’t express in
his (3)_____________beliefs whether Copernicus’s (4)_____________model was true or not. However,
he believed that stars are not (5)_____________from the earth but have their own earth-like planets
orbiting around them. The earth itself is like a giant magnet, which is also why compasses always point
north. They spin on an axis that is in (6)_____________with the earth’s polarity. He even likened the
(7)_____________of the magnet to that of the earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this
(8)_____________. In his explanation, magnetism is the soul of the earth. Thus a perfectly
(9) _____________ lodestone, when aligned with the earth’s poles, would wobble all by itself in 24
hours. Further, he also believed that the sun and other stars wobble just like the earth does around a
crystal core, and speculated that the moon might also be a magnet caused to orbit by its magnetic
attraction to the earth. This was perhaps the first proposal that a force might cause a (10)________orbit.
ACCESS APPEAR COMMIT DENY EXCLUDE

IMMERSE INFANT INSTITUTE LONELY SEE
One of the most challenging aspects of the science anthropology comes from its fieldwork. Certainly,
in its (1)________ as a profession, anthropology was distinguished by its concentration on so-
called primary societies in which social (2)________ appear to be fairly limited and social interaction to
be conducted almost (3)_________ face – to – face. Such societies, it was felt, provided anthropologists
with a valuable (4)________into the workings of society that contrasted with the many complexities of
more highly developed societies. There was also a sense that the way of life represented by these smaller
societies were rapidly (5)________and that preserving a record of them was a matter of some urgency.
The (6)________ of anthropologists to the first – hand collection of data led them to some of the most
(7)________ places on earth. Most often they worked alone. Such lack of contact with other people
created feelings of intense (8)________ in some anthropologists, especially in the early stages of
fieldwork. Nevertheless, this process of (9)________ in a totally alien culture continues to attract men
and women to anthropology, and is (10)_________ the most effective way of understanding in depth how
other people see the world.
1. Look ! I know you’ve lost your wallet, but there’s no use in keeping on__________ the fact. Someone
has stolen it and that’s all there is to it ! (MOAN)
2. Paul is a good employee, and is very__________ . (CONSCIENCE)
3. He must be drunk. He is making__________remarks. (SENSE)
4. You can ask a__________ for advice on what kind of food you should eat to keep you healthy. (DIET)
5.Few active steps were taken to measure, understand or manage the occurance of__________ .
(ABSENCE)
6. __________ fans crowd near the stage the moment the pop star appears. (AWE)
7. She finally left her husband because of his__________ . (ADULT)
8. Liskeard and Callington are basically__________from here, so it’ll take about the same time to get to
either of them. (DISTANT)
9. You won’t persuade him to change his mind. His decision is_________ . (REVOKE)
10. Since his bad habits were never broken when he was a child, they are now_________(CORRECT)
1)
It is common knowledge that rainfall in the mountains directly influences nearby river levels. Yet
recent research has revealed that some efforts are not seen (1)______ fifty years after the rain has fallen.
A study by a civil engineering professor investigated the (2) ______ it takes for precipitation to travel
from mountains to valleys (3) ______ underground aquifers, or water passages. Using a computer model,
this scientist (4) ______ on the water levels of a major river in the Rio Grande Valley in New Mexico.
His model showed that a drought that occurred fifty years ago could be partly to (5) ______ for current
low water levels. The model assumed a fifty-year wet climate cycle followed by an abrupt change in
which precipitation was cut in half. For decades, there was no change in the base flow of the Rio Grande,
(6) ______ after fifty years that dry cycle (7) ______ up in the river. Previously, (8) ______ such as how
much water to store and (9) ______ from reservoirs have been based on a conservative view, because it
has been hard to predict streamflows years (10) ______. However, if additional research supports this
study, the much-delayed impact of droughts on underground water levels would have significant
implications for water management.
2)
Over one hundred brightly colored and diverse frog species have recently been identified on the
tropical island of Sri Lanka. The new species were identified by noticeable (11) ______ in physical
features, habitat, development, and genetic make-up. Some are tiny and dwell on the ground, whereas
(12) ______ are large and inhabit trees. Five of the new (13)______ lay eggs in homespun baskets
suspended above water, so that when the eggs (14) ______ the tadpoles have no difficulty taking their
first (15) ______. The remaining new frog species give birth to their young by producing eggs on the
forest floor. These frogs (16)______ the tadpole stage and emerge as miniature (17) ______ of their
parents.
Frogs and other amphibians are important indicators of ecological balance; therefore a decline in
their numbers would be considered a warning that (18) ______ of the natural environment for a particular
area is needed. (19) ______ that Sri Lanka has already lost 95% of its forests, measures to protect the
remaining forest fragments are crucial. Since many frogs produce chemicals that could have practical
applications in health care and medical treatment, they are a potential source of new drugs. Thus,
ensuring that frogs are protected by preserving and restoring their (20) ______ is very important.
3)
Exercise is one of the best ways of keeping depression away. It improves your body and your mind
and (1) ……………….. you to perform better in the work place and at home. Proper breathing is
essential (2)……………….. you want to get the most from exercise and you should also take into (3)
………………..your heart rate. It can be (4) ……………….. to do too much, (5) ………………is why
all fitness (6) ……………….. emphasize the importance of "listening to your body". When you first start,
you should use good (7) ………………because it's easy to make the mistake of using equipment
(8) ………………or doing too much at one time. Start slowly and build up gradually. Exercise should
not be seen as a demanding task, it can be as easy as a quick walk. To increase your fitness (9)…………,
exercise for twenty minutes a day, four to six times a week and you will notice a difference (10) ………...
your body and your mind in a few weeks.
4)
A lot of people are familiar with the story of Brace Gelert, the dog that faithfully defended the
prince's baby son, but which was then killed while it was fast asleep through a terrible misunderstanding.
(1)…………….., only a few people know that the story is really a pack of lies. Let me explain.
About a hundred or so years ago, there was a hotel owner in Wales who was (2) ……………….. up
with business being so bad. His hotel was stuck in the middle of nowhere and hardly (3) ………… came
to stay. Then, one day, he had an idea. A famous prince called Llewellyn had lived in the area during the
Middle Ages and had been (4) ……………….. of dogs. This is hardly surprising as hunting was
extremely popular at that time. So what he did was to (5) ……………….. the story of the brave and
faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his ungrateful master.
Of course, people would be far more (6) ……………….. to believe the story if there was something
they could see. Therefore, one day, the hotel keeper went to the top of a high hill and (7) ……………a
sort of monument from the stones he found (8) ………….around. A friend of his, who was, incidentally,
an accountant, helped him to construct it. The 'legend' soon caught (9) ……… and developed a life of its
own. Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the hound was buried. (10)
……………..to say, business became very good for the hotel owner!
5)
It is sometimes suggested that tornadoes never strike big cities. In an attempt to (1) _______
this theory. Some say that the higher temperatures at the centre of large urban areas, together with the air
turbulence created by very tall building, somehow (2) _______ to disrupt tornadoes, or even keep them
away entirely. (3) _______ is made of the apparent lack of recorded cases of severe damage to major
cities.
The (4) _______, however, is rather different. While it is true that smaller tornadoes do indeed seem
to be less common in the middle of cities (5) _______ by millions of people, claims by their citizens that
they are in some way immune to the effects of major tornadoes would seem to be no more than wishful
(6) _______.
For a start, a couple of degrees difference in (7) _______, or a handful of 200-metre office blocks,
are hardly likely to impede the (8) _______ of the kinds of 12-kilometre-high monsters seen in recent
years.
Equally unconvincing is the argument that ‘big cities are never hit’. Most people , when they think of
a city, tend to imagine (9) _______ like downtown New York or Tokyo, when in reality this is a very
small ‘target’ area. Unfortunately, there are plenty of well-documented cases of severe destruction to
suburbs, which form by far the most extensive part of any big town. It is only by (10) _______ that a
dense populated city centre has not yet been hit – but sooner or later it is bound to happen.
6)
Volcanic eruption has been a constant threat to our natural environment for millions of years,
but seldom in recent times _______ a volcano erupted with the felocity of Krakatoa.
Krakatoa, _______ is a volcanic island group in Indonesia, erupted on 27th August 1883.
_______ only was the explosion _______ loud that was heard as far away (more than 3,000km) as Perth
in Australia, but it is also recognised as _______ the loudest sound _______ recorded.
Tens of thousands of people in the region were killed, many _______ in the enormous tsunamis
which the eruption produced – tsunamis which eventually reached South Africa and the English Channel.
The explosion also had a major effect on the _______ world’s weather system. The volcanic
dust in the atmosphere reduced the _______ of sunlight reaching the earth’s surface, reducing global
temperatures by more than one degree centigrade. Only after five years had passed _______ global
temperatures begin to return to normal.
7)
Most people in Britain and the US now buy their fresh food in supermarkets rather than traditional
markets. But markets are still important (1) _______ the life of many cities and towns and in recent years
farmers’ markets, where local farmers and others sell (2) _________or home-made foods directly to the
public, have grown in popularity.
In Britain, most markets are held in the open air, in town squares or market places. They usually take
(3) _________ only on market day, the same day each week, and sometimes on Saturday, and the stalls
are put (4) _________ for each occasion. Towns where markets have traditionally been held are called
market towns. Many still have a market cross, indicating where the market was originally held, or an old
market (5) ________ , a covered area open at the sides. Today, markets (6) _________ flowers, fruit and
vegetables, fish and meat, clothes and household goods.
Some towns and cities in Britain and the US have a (7) _________ or indoor market. These markets
are usually open more days of the week than outdoor markets and operate more like shops. Markets that
sell cheap second-hand goods, (8) ________ clothes, jewellery and books are called flea markets. In the
US, these are usually in buildings and open during normal shopping hours.
The word market is sometimes used in American English to (9) ________ to any food shop. A
(9) _________ or superstore in both Britain and the US is a very large store or supermarket.
8)
Face-to-face conversation is a (1) _________ process: you speak to me, I reply to you and so on.
Two-way (2) ______ depends on having a coding system that is understood by both (3) ______ and
receiver, and an agreed convention about signalling the beginning and end of the (4) ______ . In speech,
the coding system is a language like English or Spanish; the convention that one person speaks at a time
may seem too obvious to (5) ______. In fact, the signals that people use in conversations and meetings
are often non-verbal. For example, lowering the pitch of the (6) ______ may mean the end of a sentence;
a sharp intake of breath (7) ______ signal the desire to interrupt, catching the chairman’s (8) ______ may
indicate the desire to speak in a formal setting (9) __________ a debate; a clenched fist may indicate
anger. When these (10) ______ signals are not possible, more formal signals may be needed.
9)
Erskine Childers was not what you would call your (1) _______ Irish freedom fighter, A Briton by
birth, and a proud (2) _______ at that – for most of the early years of his life, Childers was a decorated
soldier of the British Admiralty (3) _______ had demonstrated unwavering commitment and loyalty to
both king and country. And yet, somewhere along the way, disillusionment (4)_______ in.
While it is difficult to pinpoint the precise moment when doubt started to creep into Childers' mind
(5) _______ to whether his loyalty was misguided, what was essentially a complete philosophy shift- a
total realignment of ideals - did occur. Childers went from (6) _______ a royalist to a staunch nationalist,
obsessed with the cause of Irish freedom.
He befriended the (7) ______ of Eamon DeVelera and Michael Collins, key figures in the Irish
Republican camp, and even went so far as to ship illegal armaments to the leaders of the ill-fated Easter
Rising of 1916, which was easily put (8) _______ by the British army.
Later, he would fight on the side of the Irish rebels in the War of Independence, (9) _______ an
uneasy truce was agreed between Britain and Ireland. Eventually, a treaty was signed partitioning the
country. For Childers, by now totally devoted to the cause of Irish freedom and the notion of a united
Ireland, partition was (10) _______ bitter a pill to swallow.
10)
Man probably could not live without the help of animals. The role of animals in the balance of
nature(1) ____________ as their most important service to man.
Animals also serve man (2) ___________ supplying him with many food and other useful products.
Without animals, man would have (3) ______________ meat, milk, eggs, or honey; or wool, fur, or silk.
(4) ___________ thousands of years, man has (5) _____________ changes in the animal kingdom.
He has tamed many kinds of animals and used them for food and clothing. He has killed or driven away
animals that once attacked him or interfered with his use of land. Today, he tries to protect many kinds of
animals that are in (6) ____________ of dying out.
Like man, most plants depend on animals (7) __________ many of their basic needs. Without
animals, many plants could not easily (8) ____________. For example, many plants with flowers depend
on bees and other (9) ___________ carry their pollen from plant to plant. Many oak trees grow from
acorns that squirrels bury and then forget, or from acorns that deer step on and push deep into the soil.
Birds often fly from one place to (10) __________ with seeds clinging to their feet. The seeds may sprout
a great distance from the parents plants.
11)
Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environment's
ability to cope with this use within the acceptable limits of change. Uncontrolled conventional tourism
(1) ___________ potential threats to many natural areas around the world. It can put enormous pressure
on an area and (2) ____________to impacts such as soil erosion, increased pollution, discharges into
the sea, natural habitat(3) _____________ , increased pressure on endangered species and heightened
vulnerability to forest fires. It often puts a (4) _____________ on water resources, and it can force local
populations to compete for the use of critical resources.
Water, and (5) _________________ fresh water, is one of the most critical natural resources. The
tourism industry generally overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf (6) ___________
and personal use of water by tourists. This can result in water shortages and degradation of water (7)
___________, as well as generating a greater volume of waste water. Tourism can create great pressure
on local resources like energy, food, and other (8) ___________materials that may already be in short
supply. Greater extraction and transport of these resources exacerbates the physical impacts (9) _____
with their exploitation. Because of the seasonal character of the industry, many destinations have ten
times more inhabitants in the high season as in the low season. A high demand is placed upon these
resources to (10) __________the high expectations tourists often have (proper heating, hot water, etc.).
12)
Society does not encourage crying as a form of self (1)_________. The (2)_________of tears tends
to make people feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The human race is the only species that sheds
emotional (3)_________. What (4)_________ does crying serve?
It has been suggested that emotional tears play a role in the (5)__________ of stress. Scientists’
studies have revealed that emotional tears contain a chemical which is one of the body’s (6)_________
pain killers. The chemical is not found in tears shed as a response to slicing onions. Scientists think that
tears may (7)__________ to remove substances that accumulate in the body under stress. This would
explain why many people feel much (8)__________ after crying. As a result of the view that it is not
manly to cry, men tend to hold back their tears. This may explain why men develop more stress-related
diseases than women. (9)__________ emotion, be it a feeling of sadness or happiness, is stressful. Tears
are therefore shed as a response to sorrow, anger or joy. It is natural to cry. Indeed, it may be
(10)__________ to hold back tears.
13)
One of the most amazing marathon races in the world is the Marathon of the Sands. It takes place
every April in the Sahara Desert in the south of Morocco, a part of the world where temperatures can (1)
________ fifty degrees centigrade. The standard length of a marathon is 42.5 kilometres but this one is
240 kilometres long and takes seven days to complete.
It began in 1986 and now attracts about two hundred runners, the majority of (2) ________ages
range from seventeen to forty-seven. About half of them come from France and the rest from all over the
world. From Britain it costs £2,500 to enter, which includes return air fares. The race is rapidly becoming
more and more popular (3) ________, or perhaps because of, the harsh conditions that runners must
endure. They have to carry food and anything else they need for seven days in a rucksack (4) ________
no more than twelve kilograms. (5) ________this, they are given a litre and a half of water every ten
kilometres.
Incredibly, nearly all the runners finish the (6) ________. One man, Ibrahim El Journal, took
part in (7) ________ race from 1986 to 2004. Runners (8) ________ suffer terrible physical hardships.
Sometimes they lose toenails and skin peels (9) ________ their feet. However, doctors are always on
hand to deal with minor injuries and to make sure that runners do not push (10) ________ too far.
14)
Some sports or activities have traditionally been (1) _______ with people, even though it is not
always clear why. Skateboarders, for instance, are expected to (2) _______ teenagers wearing clothes
four sizes too big for them. When you come to think of it, there’s (3) _______practical reason why people
over the age of 21 shouldn’t take up the sport.
Skateboarding involves a certain (4) _______ of falling off the board, (4) _______ can of course be
painful, but this also (6) _______ to other sports like skiing or surfing. Sports should not be restricted to
teenagers. There is (7) _______ wrong with a grown - up gliding down the road on his or her board.
At the same time, I must confess that I (8) _______ a certain sympathy for my niece Emily when her
father, my older brother Tom, announced that he was going skateboarding with her. At the age of 14 you
are very conscious of what other people think of you. She knew all her friends would laugh at her if she
arrived for the regular Saturday morning skateboarding sessions in the local park with her dad.
Emily felt (9) _______ embarrassment would be more than she could bear, so she kindly asked her
father ifhe could go skateboarding somewhere else. Tom realized how embarrassed Emily must felt and
(10) _______ out laughing.
15)
In many countries of Europe, there has been a steady drift of people away from villages to large
cities. These people, many of whom have grown in great poverty and deprivation, hope to improve their
standard of (1) _______and see the metropolis as the solution to all their problems. In many ways, they
find what they are looking for. Large cities do offer a huge number of facilities, (2) _______ which better
education, better health care and improved housing are perhaps the most important. Large companies and
factories , the vast (3) _______ of which pride themselves on looking after the interests of their
employees, also open up any (4) _______. of career opportunities for those willing to work hard.
Inevitably, however, (5) _______ comes a time when people begin to long for the simplicity of the
village or small town.
Traffic problems and pollution, both of which affect most large cities today, cause the most
unhappiness. For people to whom fresh air, unpolluted water and beautiful countryside are distant-(6)
_______ nonetheless painful clear-memories of a previous, peaceful life in a village, the situation must at
(7) _______ be unbearable. The pressure of overpopulation has meant that, in the last thirty or forty
years, thousands (8) _______Thousands of new flats have been built, often with (9) _______ regard to
architectural beauty and the surrounding countryside has all (10) _______ disappeared in many cases. It
is no longer such an easy matter to escape the noise and the turmoil of the streets and find a field or a
forest where the children can play in safety
16)
There are 4,000 toys in London’s Museum of (1) _______ but it is not essential to be a child to enjoy
it. Most of the older toys were meant to be played with by adults.
All the toys (2) _______in a beautiful glass - top building in the East End of London – but it wasn’t
built for them. It was opened in 1872 and displayed art, shoe – making and furniture (3) _______ It
wasn’t until 1974, when the children’s section had grown enormously, that the whole building was
officially devoted to the history of childhood.
Once upon a time every toy was (4) _______, although by the late 1900s a huge toy industry had
developed. Many home-made toys were made of metal and wood and a few of these have (5) _____ well
enough for the museum to display. It even has one of the oldest dolls’ houses still in (6) _______ made in
1673. There is something for everyone, including the 18th century toy theatre and the miniature Chinese
gardens, (7) _______ tiny animals. Whichever is your favourite, each exhibit enables you to catch a (8)
_______ of the people and world it was made for.
The 35 or (9) _______workers at the museum take great care to make sure that all of the exhibits are
preserved in good working order. And as for 500 new toys that move in every year from all over the
world – nobody has ever heard a (10) _______one complaining.
17)
A camera that can see through clothes, skin and even walls without X-rays has been developed
inwhat is (1) _______ called one of the first great technological breakthroughs of the 21st century.
The"terahertz" camera, still in prototype form, is under rapid development by scientists in Oxfordshire. It
islikely (2) _______ have many applications, ranging from medical scanning to identifying
concealedweapons on airline passengers. Unlike with X-rays, patients are (3) _______ exposed to
potentially harmfulradiation.
(4) _______, the camera detects a form of energy waves which are naturally emitted (5) _______ all
objects. The existence of these waves has been recognized for a long time, but the technology needed to
capture them on camera has so (6) _______ been too complex and expensive. Now a team of scientists
has succeeded in building a prototype in just three months. The first image which was captured by the
device revealed the outline of a human hand, clearly visible despite being hidden under a thick book. If
such a device (7) _______ be mass produced, there could be one in every doctor's surgery, offering a
completely safe new window into the human body. Disease or tissue damage could be detected at a much
earlier stage, increasing the chances of successful treatment. The technology will be controversial, (8)
_______, as the camera could reveal body shape beneath clothing (9)_______the subject's permission, or
even knowledge.
Civil liberties groups will, therefore, probably object to its (10) _______ used on the grounds that it
invades the individual's privacy.
18)
Autism is a mental disease which prevents those who suffer from it from communicating with the (1)
_________ world. Victims seem to live in a world of their own which, (2) ____________ now, doctors
are unable to penetrate. Thee illness was first (3) __________ a name in 1943, and yet doctors have made
very little progress in their understanding of the disease since then.
According to statistics, between two and four children out of every 10,000 are born (4)______. Often
victims are not able to (5) _________, read or write. But (6) __________ is most extraordinary about
illness is the fact that in other areas many of the children can perform almost super-human feats of the (7)
________. One of the more common skills these so-called autistic savants have is calendrical calculation,
that is the ability to say which day of the week a particular date falls (8) _________. Jackie, for instance,
who is now 42 years old, could do this from the age of six, when she first began to talk. She can tell you
what day of the week it was on 1 April 1933 with (9) _________ a moment’s hesitation. But if you ask
her (10) __________ she does it, she’ll say she doesn’t know.
19)
When I was a child it was fairly unusual to go on a foreign holiday. The prices of international
flights were exorbitantly (1) ______ to those offered by today’s budget airlines. Package holidays to
tropical resorts were pretty much unheard-of. Instead my parents would (2)______ our aged car with the
necessary belongings, and our family holiday would begin with a twelve-hour drive through the night.
Our (3) ______ was always the same: exotic Scotland. Each year my parent booked a different (4)
______ cottage, usually next to an isolated beach and invariably with no mod cons (5) ______. The beds
were always lumpy and damp. There wouldn’t be even a washing machine, never mind a television.
No doubt we were surrounded by spectacular scenery, but this meant (6) ______ to me or my
sister. Plastic buckets and spades were the (7) ______ of all our holiday entertainments. Armed with these
and a towel, we would tear (8) ______ to the beach every morning. We built extravagant castles, we
buried my father alive, we saved the lives of stranded jellyfish, we collected jewels, and we dug to
Australia. Summer holidays lasted at least a year back then.
I pity the kids today with their two-weeks breaks in the sun. Who wants (9) ______ resorts
boasting restaurants serving authentic (10) ______ cuisine? Who needs artificial lagoons featuring wave
machines and plastic waterfalls? Show me an eight-year-old girl on a Scottish beach with a bucket and
spade and I’ll show you what real holiday fun is all about.
20)
Sugar was for a long time a luxury and in the opinion of the medical profession it still should be. During
the nineteenth century, however, manufacturers discovered (81)____________ of producing it in vast
quantity and it has since become one of the staple articles of diet, particularly (82) ___________ the
lower social classes. It has the advantages of being comparatively cheap, easily digested, rich (83)
___________energy and useful for flavouring. Its major disadvantages are that it lacks every nourishing
quality (84) ____________ that of given energy, and because of its attractive flavour, it (85)
_____________ to displace other much more valuable foods from the diet. Most serious of all is its
adverse (86) _____________ on health, since excessive consumption can cause heart trouble, obesity and
dental decay. The latter is widespread among the inhabitants of western countries. From the very young
to the very old, (87) _____________ anyone escapes. `yet if parents would drastically reduce the (88)
_____________ of confectionary they allow their children to eat, the extent of dental decay would soon
be checked. And (89) _____________they were to cut down their own consumption of sugar, they would
suffer much (90)_____________ from ailment resulting directly or indirectly from their being
overweight.
21)
The use of audio-description – a technique designed to enable blind people to enjoy the theatre – was
pioneered in America in 1981. While continuing to listen in the (91) _________way to stage dialogue and
sound, visually-impaired members of the audience also receive a commentary on what is (92) _________
seen.
For those who reluctantly give up the theatre when they begin to lose their (93)_________ , audio-
description can revive a valued interest. For those, however, who have always enjoyed the theatre despite
total blindness, audio-description presents a whole new dimension.
It is not (94) _________ to see the light to go down to be caught up in a sense of anticipation which
gradually silences and unites the audience. (95) _________ the curtain has gone up, it is simply a case of
total concentration so as not to miss one word, tone, nuance or stage sound that (96) _________ provide a
clue to some visual happening. Even (97)_________ sight, theatre can be a delight, but there are
innumerable gaps to be filled. Audiodescription is the best solution. It (98) _________ you in the picture
by providing explanatory comments before the curtain goes up, and then audio commentary is relayed
through an earphone by a person (98) _________ is standing at the side or back of the stage during the
performance.
Obviously (100) _________ can replace the lost sight but to a wonderful and perhaps surprising
extent audio-description makes it possible to see a play without sight. It is an exciting glimpse of thing to
come.
22)
When you want to book a flight to a certain place, visit your (1)_________travel agent. Tell the
travel agent the date when you want to travel and the (2)__________ to which you want to go. The travel
agent will then type the (3)_________into a small computer. After checking everything on the computer
screen, he/she will send the information to a central computer. The central computer contains all
information about (4)___________ and destinations, and sends a reply, (5)________ which are the most
suitable flights. It also shows whether the flights are (6)_________ booked or not. The information which
is now shown on the small computer screen is continually changing (7)__________other bookings are
made in other parts of the world.
The travel agent now types in your booking, then the computer will ask for your name and address as
well as for (8)_________other information. It will also ask how you will pay for your ticket (by cheque
or by credit card). Next the computer (9)_________the booking and makes a request for payment. When
you have paid for your ticket, the travel agent types the information into the computer as well. Finally,
some computers (10)_________out a ticket before you leave the travel agent’s.
23)
Large animals that (11)___________the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for
(12)________the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to
(13)__________rather than absorb the Sun’s rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal
mammalian practice of maintaining a (14)__________ body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down
the body temperature deep (15)_________ the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and
energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to (16)________ would normally be fever
height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles. The
(17)_________body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall
unusually (18)_________by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since
the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive
(19)_________of heat does not begin until well (20)_________the day.
24)
Interpreting the feelings of other people is not always easy, as we all know, and we (1)______as
much on what they seem to be telling us, as on the (2) ______ words they say. Facial expression and tone
of voice are obvious ways of showing our (3) ______ to something, and it may well be that we
unconsciously express views that we are trying to hide. The art of being tactful lies in (4) ______ up these
signals, realizing what the other person is trying to say, and acting so that they are not embarrassed in any
way. For example, we may understand that they are in fact reluctant to answer our question, and so we
stop pressing them. Body movements in general may also (5) ______ feelings, and interviewers often
(6)______ particular attention to the way a candidate for a job walks into the room and sits down.
However, it is not difficult to present the right kind of appearance, while what many
employers want to know relates to the candidate’s character (7) ______, and psychological stability.
This raises the (8) ______ questions of whether job candidates should be asked to complete psychological
tests, and the further problem of whether such tests actually produce reliable results. For many people,
being asked to take part in such a test would be objectionable (9) ______ into their private lives. Quite
apart from this problem, can such tests predict whether a person is likely to be a (10) ____________
employee or a valued colleague?
25)
Television has changed the lifestyle of people in every industrialized country in the world. In the
United States, where sociologists have studied the effects, some interesting observations have been made.
TV, although not essential, has become a(n) (1) ______ part of most people’s lives. It has become a
baby- sitter, an initiator of conversations, a major transmitter of culture, and a keeper of traditions. Yet
when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that TV is not a
teacher but a sustainer. The poor (2) ______ of programs does not elevate people into greater (3) ____,
but rather maintains and encourages the status quo.
The (4) ______ reason for the lack of quality in American TV is related to both the history of TV
programming development and the economics of TV. TV in American began with the radio. Radio
companies and their sponsors first experimented with TV. (5) ______, the close relationship, which the
advertisers had with radio programs become the system for American TV. Sponsors not only pay money
for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs. Thus, (6) ______ from the
capitalistic, profit- oriented sector of American society, TV is primarily (7) ______ with reflecting and
attracting society (8)______ than innovating and experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to
attract the largest viewing audience possible; to do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather
than challenging.
TV in America today remains, to a large (9) ______, with the same organization and standards as it
had thirty years ago. The hope for some evolution and true achievement toward improving society will
(10) ______ a change in the entire system.
26)
By the start of the twenty-first century, Britain had become a highly (1) _________ country, with
only a small proportion of the population in touch with the working life of the countryside. But this has
by no means always been the case. At the end of the nineteenth century, in excess (2) _____ a million
people were employed in agriculture, five (3) ________today's figure. Even then , however, the total was
significantly below that in most European countries, high factory wages having already (4) _________
people to leave the countryside in favour of the industrial cities. In addiction to this, the English (5)
_________ of primogeniture, by which land is (6) ________ only by the eldest son, served (7) ________
further accelerate the rural exodus.
During the war years of the 1940s, at a time when food was short, people seized whatever
opportunities there were to improve their diet by growing their own vegetables. However, this (8)
_________ soon lost its appeal once the war was over, as (9) _________ other temporary expediencies,
such as keeping chickens in town gardens. What is more, mixed arable and livestock farming, once the
norm, became rare, so that even (10) __________ people than ever were involved in agriculture.
27)
During the last 25 years, Britain's urban sparrow population has declined by as much as twothirds,
and the bird has almost disappeared from many of its former haunts. The decline has been (1) _____ on
everything from cats to garden pesticides. Moreover, modern buildings have far (2) _____ few nooks and
crannies where the birds can nest. Factors (3) _____ these may well be involved, but alone they (4) _____
to explain the severity of the decline, or the fact that other urban birds have been less affected.
Denis Summers-Smith is the world's leading expert on sparrows, so when he (5) _____ up with a
theory to explain their decline, it has to be worth listening to. He suggests that the culprit is a chemical
added to unleaded petrol. It would be deeply ironic if a policy that was intended to improve the nation's
health (6) _____ to prove responsible for the decline of (7)_____ of its favourite species.
According to Summers-Smith, social species such as the sparrow require a minimum population in a
specific area to breed successfully. If, (8) _____ whatever reason, number drop (9) _____ this threshold,
the stimulus to breed disappears. The most dramatic example is the passenger pigeon, which in the late
nineteenth century went from (10) _____ the world's most common bird to total extinction within 50
years.
28)
The new scheme for training teachers (1) ________ a radical departure from the previous system.
The old division of training courses into periods of theoretical study dealing with such subjects as
sociology and psychology, and teaching practice, will largely disappear. Trainees will instead be (2)
________to schools for most of their course, and learn the skills of classroom teaching through practical
experience. They will be supervised by practising teachers, rather than as formerly, supervised by
educationalists who no longer actually teach. These changes seek to answer the complaints of trainees (3)
________, who tend to feel that they have acquired too little practical knowledge, and of schools, who
frequently report that new teachers (4) ________ basic classroom abilities. (5) ________, there are some
obvious objections to such a scheme. First of all, it places a heavy burden onto the shoulders of teachers
who already complain of being overworked, and of having too many administrative tasks. Secondly it
runs the (6) ________of going too far from one extreme to another, and of creating a breed of teachers
with plenty of superficial classroom skill, but no theoretical
understanding of wider educational issues. There are also some voices raised in protest at (7)____
they see as an attempt by the government to cut back the role of (8) ________colleges as places where
new ideas can be developed and put into practice. However, it may (9) ________ be that changes in
education are best pioneered in the schools themselves, to develop from the grass roots, as it was, rather
than being imposed from above. Whatever the success of the new scheme, it throws into even more
urgent relief the unavoidable fact that education in Great Britain has (10) ________ to firmly decide what
it should be teaching, what it should be teaching it, and how best to organise its schools.
29)
In the hustle and (1) ________ of today's hectic world, all of us, (2) ________ exception, have to
contend with some level of stress. Obviously, the source and amount of stress are relative to the
individual. Just (3) _____ causes and quantities of stress are subject to personal factors, (4) _______ is
the way in which a person deals with it. It is a well-known fact that some people flourish when/if faced
with a potentially stress-causing task or situation. On the other hand, the majority of people are adversely
affected when confronted (5) _______ a serious dilemma. Abnormal levels of stress (6) ________ be a
serious health hazard and may prove detrimental to one's physical health. Stress is said to be the culprit in
a high percentage of heart problems and stomach disorders. Even (7) _____ types of cancer are,
reportedly, linked to stress. Knowing that stress is a modern-day malady which we (8) ________, to a
greater or lesser extent,
suffer from, has prompted many to begin looking seriously at ways of controlling stress. Due to the
inevitable fact that stress will always play a part in our lives, it is (9) ________ paramount importance
that strategies of stress management (10) ________ found.
30)
The city of Melbourne, Australia has always had a (1)_________ for unusual weather. Melbourne
people enjoy telling this joke to visitors: if you don’t like the weather in Melbourne, don’t worry, just
wait five minutes, because it’s sure to change.
At the beginning of 1992, Melbourne had its (2)_________ January for over 100 years. It rained
fornine days on (3 ) ________. As well as raining all day, the weather was also cold. At night, people in
some Melbourne suburbs were switching on their heating as if it was winter. It was (4)______ cold many
people could (5)________ believe that it was summer at all.
The best weather in Melbourne, however, is not usually in the summer: it is in the autumn. The
autumn usually has more pleasant days than the summer. The weather in autumn is usually (6)_________
of warm days and cool, comfortable (7)__________.
The (8 )_________ of the city at this time of year is beautiful, too. Melbourne has many lovely
gardens and parklands with beautiful trees. In the autumn, the trees change their leaves to red, gold
and brown. As they are blown in the air by the wind of a (9)________ autumn day, the leaves add lifeto
the city. So even if the summer is cold and wet, people in Melbourne can still look forward to
the(10)_________ of a warm sunny autumn.
32)
Processing information is a quality unique (1) __________ the human brain and one which (2)
__________ human beings from their animal relatives. The way in which different types of data is
processed (3)__________ according to its content. Using sophisticated new technology, scientists are
discovering how the brain conducts (4) __________ upon receiving emotionally charged information.
It strikes us that the two hemispheres of the brain have different functions when (5) __________
toemotional input. The left side decodes the literal meaning, while the right side assesses the tone of
themessage, something known as prosody. By measuring the velocity of blood flow to brain tissue,
scientists were able to see which areas required more (6) __________ of oxygen and glucose, essential
for brain activity. Increased blood flow implies increased demand, hence increased mental activity in
these areas. When tested subjects focused (7) __________ the meaning of a statement, blood flow
increased significantly to the left side of the brain. When they were asked about the emotion expressed, it
was (8)__________ the left and right sides that received an increase in velocity, implying that meaning
and emotional content are considered together when reacting to a message.
This new understanding is of (9) __________ importance for victims of brain damage caused by
accidents or strokes. It can help explain why some experience difficulties confusing literal meaning with
the emotional content of a message, which can lead to series misunderstandings. By identifying which
areas are (10) __________ responsible for these functions, doctors hope that future research will lead
them to ways to effect repairs.
33)
A new study from Australia suggests that couch potatoes live shorter lives. The study followed 8,800
adults (1) ________ 25 and older for six and a half years and found that each daily hour of television
viewing was (2) ____________ with an 18 percent increase in deaths from heart disease and an 11
percent increase in overall mortality. Those who watched television four hours or more per day were 80
percent more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than those who watched two hours or less, and 46
percent more likely to die of any cause. And it did not (3) _________ whether they were overweight,
according to the study, which appeared Jan 11th in the online (4) ________of Circulation: Journal of the
American Heart Association.
Although it is possible that people who were already ill watched more television than those who
werehealthy, the researchers tried to rule that (5) __________ by excluding subjects who already had
heartdisease and by adjusting for differences in risk (6) __________ like diet and smoking. While the
benefits of physical activity have been well studied, there is growing interest (7) _________researchers in
assessing the effects of being sedentary. “For many people, on a daily (8) _________, they simply shift
from one chair to another-from the chair in the car to the chair in the office to the chair in front of the
television.” said the study’s lead author, David Dunstan of the baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in
Victoria, Australia. “(9)___________ if someone has a healthy body weight, sitting for long periods still
has an unhealthy (10)__________ on blood sugar and blood fats”
34)
A new television programme in America - Blind Hate - plans to show couples splitting (1)……! The
programme is already advertising in the papers for potential "contestants". The makers of the programme
have come up with a plan to tempt one partner into being unfaithful to the other - with them being (2)
………….. up by an attractive "stranger" - so that the second partner then has a good excuse for being
able to get rid of the first one! All of this will take place under the (3) ………….. of a secret camera, with
both the partners subsequently being invited into a television studio where the film will be shown to a
studio audience. Only one partner will know what the show is really all (4) ………….., with the
unfaithful one suddenly being confronted with their own (5) …………... The show boasts that it will
have special counselors on (6) ………….. to help deal with the split and its psychological impact.
However, it has already come in for severe criticism from religious and other bodies who claim that it is
potentially very dangerous as well as in very bad (7) …………... The Church in particular says that it
damages the (8) ………….. of marriage and is highly immoral. Many psychologists too have condemned
it despite some of their (9) ………….. taking part in the spectacle. Whether the show actually finally gets
the go ahead remains to be (10) ………….., but its makers are optimistic that it will be a great success!
35)
Clothes have their basic functions. They protect us from (1) … ….. of temperature, rain and wind
and provide a degree of modesty by covering our bodies. (2) … …. is also important, however, is the way
clothing transmits messages about the wearer’s personality, attitudes, social status, behaviour and group
allegiances. Some people are more sensitive to dress signals than others, but there are very few who (3)
… …. to take clothes into (4) ……….. at all when forming first impressions.
To (5) … …..in with your social role and to be (6) ……. as a valid actor of your part, you
usuallyhave to look the part as well as act the part. Some eccentric managers and executives are able to
dress in jeans and baggy pullovers, but they are very much in the (7)…….... .Clothes in the professional
world are a kind of uniform and unwritten rules prescribe the standards and styles for everyone in the
hierarchy. The (8) ……to be accepted is neither to underdress nor overdress. If following the rules can be
combined with a certain individuality and personal flair, then the (9) ……..will be greater. Silk scarves,
ties and other items that have no real (10) ..….. can communicate everything from political allegiance to
temperament.
36)
If you were to hazard a (1)………… at when and where the next major earthquake will strike ,
there's a chance that you'd be almost as (2) ………… as the experts . The science of earthquake
prediction is still in its (3) ………… , which is uncomfortable , considering the threat (4) ………… to
human civilisation . Even with vast resources at their (5)…………,often the best scientists can do is say
that the (6) ………… are that an earthquake will strike where one (7)………… before . One reason the
(8) ………… of making an accurate prediction are so low is the the nature of the forces involved. It
seems to be impossible to tell the difference between a small earthquake and a warning (9) …………
Scientists need to decide whether to put lives at risk by not issuing a warning, or constantly issue
warnings about the threat of an earthquake that may be (10) …………. In the end , the odds seem to be
against us solving this difficult problem any time soon.

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OPEN CLOZE 1 (10PTS)

A. TEST 1: Fill in each blank with one suitable word

II. WORD FORM (20 pts)

PASSAGE 1 (10 pts)

II. WORD FORMS

access appear commit deny exclude

A. Fill in each gap with ONE suitable word:

Go pessimism overwhelm destroy be

OPEN CLOZE TEST 1 (10PTS)

OPEN CLOZE TEST 1

CLOZE TEST 1: (10 POINTS)

OPEN CLOZE 1 (10PTS)

1. He is the most ………………………………………… person I know. (IDIOCY)

ILLUSION - SURVIVE - AUTHORISE - IDENTIFY - HEART - MITATE - FACE -

1. Scholarship and awards are usually given on the ______________. ( speech)

respiration anxiety act emotion order

OFFEND RESPECT IRRITATE TEMPER TOLERATE

concur set register local fluctuate

assume go overwhelm high destroy

help sight play memory team

ration part idol hero mutualism

SURPRISE POOR USE LANGUAGE ADVERTISE

101. It is a misconception that _________ human blood is blue. (OXYGEN)

PROBLEM ENDURANCE AUTHORISE PERCEIVE SURVIVE

STABLE STEADY SEQUENCE BRIGHT LIKELY

WHERE GOVERN COMMENT TURN FOLLOW

LEG – PRODUCE – RUDIMENT – CONFIGURE – FLEX

PRECEDE LINK ARGUE SOLVE DIVERSIFY

retail essence avoid variable logic

conduct reserve occur hospitable concentrate

ASTRONOMY POLAR CENTER SPHERE ESSENCE

ACCESS APPEAR COMMIT DENY EXCLUDE

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