Document: Structural Calculation

Submittal No.
: JR008545-ASL-ZZ-ZZ-RP-X-00200
Document name: Analysis for window brackets and fixations
Date: 26.03.2022
Suitability/Revision: S3/P01
Prepared by: Adora Rosario
DOCUMENT: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Document Title: Analysis for window brackets and fixations
Document Number: JR008545-ASL-ZZ-ZZ-RP-X-00200
Client: Prepared by:

Engie PTCC
Project name and number: Date:

C720 – Pritchatt’s Park, UOB 25.03.2022
Suitability status: Revision number:

S3 - For Approval P01
Page 1|3
Submittal No.: JR008545-ASL-ZZ-ZZ-RP-X-00200
Date: 26.03.2022
Document Verification:
Document JR008545-ASL-ZZ-ZZ-RP-X-00200
Rev Date
Description Analysis for window brackets and fixations
Prepared by Checked by Approved by
Name Structural Engineer Senior Engineer Technical Director
PTCC Adora Rosario Amine Marzougui
P01 26.03.2022
Signature
Page 2|3
Submittal No.: JR008545-ASL-ZZ-ZZ-RP-X-00200
Date: 26.03.2022
1. Revision Summary
This is an initial submission, there is no revision available currently.
2. Scope
Assessment required for window brackets and fixations on project known as Pritchatt’s Park,
University of Birmingham, B15 2QU.
Page 3|3
PTCC Facade Design
PTCC Facade Design
11th Floor, Telecom Plaza
316 Senator Gil Puyat Avenue
Salcedo Village, Makati City
Metro Manila, Philippines
Tel: (+63 2) 752 1854 | (+63 2) 887 6051
www.ptcc.design mailroom@ptcc.design
Structural Analysis of the

Punch Window Brackets of
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
PRITCHATT'S PARK
Birmingham, UK
Document Reference No.

PTCC-C720-CS01-101CI
Revision 0.1
Prepared for
Alucraft Group Ltd.
Prepared by
PTCC Facade Design
29 March 2022
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE PUNCH WINDOW BRACKETS OF UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM PRITCHATT'S PARK - Birmingham, UK
PTCC-C720-CS01-101CI REV 0.1
REVISION STATUS SUMMARY

UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM PRITCHATT'S PARK - Birmingham, UK
Submission Date Revision Notes Comments

29 March 2022 Revision 0.1 Please refer to Introduction for important notes on this
Revision due to internal comments calculation report.
from Alucraft
Prepared by: MED Revised as per Alucraft’s email dated 28 March 2022.
Checked by: CIP
25 March 2022 Revision 0 Please refer to Introduction for important notes on this
First submission calculation report.
Prepared by: MED
Checked by: NCC For Type W-K window head and sill brackets,
aluminum and steel options were presented. Sections
3.06.01 and 3.08.01 of this report show aluminum
brackets, whereas Sections 3.06.02 and 3.08.02 show
steel brackets in order to further reduce the deflection
caused by panel dead load. The total vertical
deflection for each option is presented at the end of
each corresponding section.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Revision Status Summary ii
Table of Contents iii
Introduction v
Design Criteria vii
Mechanical Properties of Materials vii
Design Loads viii
Strength Requirements viii
Reference Publications ix
Reference Drawings x
Chapter 1: Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets I - 1

1.01 Load Calculation for the Analysis of the Single Span Window Brackets I - 2
1.02 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Frame to
Sheet) I - 5
1.03 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Aluminum Sheet I - 11
1.04 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Sheet to
Stud Framing) I - 22
1.05 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Frame to Sheet) I - 28
1.06 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Aluminum Sheet I - 34
1.07 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Sheet to Stud
Framing) I - 45
Chapter 2: Analysis of Multiple Span Window Brackets II - 1

2.01 Load Calculation for the Analysis of the Multiple Span Window Brackets II - 2
Sheet) II - 4
2.03 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Aluminum Sheet II - 10
Stud Framing) II - 21
2.05 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Frame to Sheet) II - 27
2.06 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Aluminum Sheet II - 33
2.07 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Sheet to Stud
Framing) II - 44
Chapter 3: Analysis of Type W-K Window Brackets III - 1

3.01 Load Calculation for the Analysis of the Type W-K Window Brackets III - 2
3.02 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Frame to Folded
Sheet) III - 7
3.03 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Aluminum Folded Sheet III - 13
3.04 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Folded Sheet to
Stud Framing) III - 24
Sheet) III - 30
3.06.01 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Aluminum Sheet (Option 1) III - 36
3.06.02 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Steel Plate (Option 2) III - 50
Angle) III - 61
iii
3.08.01 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Aluminum Angle (Option 1) III - 66
3.08.02 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Steel Angle (Option 2) III - 79
3.09 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Angle to
Stud Framing) III - 90
Appended References A - 1
A.01 Email from Alucraft Systems Regarding Wind Load A - 2
iv
INTRODUCTION
This report, prepared by PTCC Facade Design for Alucraft Group Ltd., presents the structural analysis for the
punch window brackets of University of Birmingham Pritchatt's Park, Birmingham, UK.
• Scope
This report covers the facade system shown in 1JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-X-1000, JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-

X-1002, JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-X-1007, JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-X-1013, JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-X-
1014, JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-X-1015, JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-X-1016, and JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-X-
1017. The drawing sheets used as reference in preparing this report are listed in the Reference Drawings (page
x).
Analysis is in accordance with the provisions of the codes of practice and specifications listed in the Reference
Publications (page ix). Components of the facade having the largest ratio of design stress to design resistance is
presented. The summary of the properties of materials, design loads, strength requirements, and serviceability
requirements are listed in the Design Criteria (page vii).
• Anchorage of Single Span (Types W-P, W-L, W-M, W-N, W-O) and Multiple Span (Types W-Q and W-R)
Window Brackets to Stud Framing System
Fasteners connecting the single span and multiple span window brackets to the stud framing system are analyzed
assuming a stud framing grade of S275. Moreover, a minimum stud framing thickness of 2 mm is required for
fastener pull-out resistance as shown in the following sections of this report:
• Section 1.04 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Sheet to
Stud Framing)
• Section 1.07 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Sheet to Stud
Framing)
• Section 2.04 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Sheet to
Stud Framing)
• Section 2.07 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Sheet to Stud
Framing)
• Anchorage of Type W-K Window Brackets to Stud Framing System
Fasteners connecting the Type W-K window brackets to the stud framing system are analyzed assuming a stud
framing grade of S275. Moreover, a minimum stud framing thickness of 3 mm is required for fastener pull-through
resistance as shown in the following sections of this report:
• Section 3.04 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Folded Sheet to
Stud Framing)
• Section 3.09 Load Capacity Analysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Angle to
Stud Framing)
• Orientation of Coordinate Axis Systems
Global axes are denoted by uppercase X, Y, and Z. X-axis is orientated perpendicular to the plane of the facade
wall. The wall is co-planar with the Y-Z plane, where Y-axis is orientated parallel with the vertical, and Z-axis is
orientated parallel with the horizontal. The orientation is the same throughout the whole calculation report.
Local axes are defined for every analyzed critical section and are denoted by lowercase x, y, and z. These axes
align with the cross-section’s longitudinal, major, and minor axes, respectively.
v
Unless otherwise noted, the notation for maximum load reactions and load eccentricities in the analysis of
components follow the global axes orientation, while the applied loads follow the critical cross-section’s local axes
orientation.
Structural models follow the software’s default global and local axis systems. However, the resulting loads that are
referenced from the software output are renamed to be consistent with this report’s global axes.
vi
DESIGN CRITERIA
The structural components of the punch window brackets of University of Birmingham Pritchatt's Park,
Birmingham, UK are checked using the provisions cited in the Reference Publications in page ix. The following is
the summary of the properties of materials, design loads, and strength requirements for the project.
• Mechanical Properties of Materials
If a standard or specification is available in both inch and metric dimensions, the latter is the version used in this
report. If the standard is only available in inch dimensions, the mechanical property is converted to metric
dimensions.
Properties of Aluminum
BS EN 1999-1-1:2007 Design of Aluminum Structures – Part 1-1: General structural rules
Modulus of elasticity Ea = 70,000 MPa

Shear modulus of elasticity Ga = 27,000 MPa
Poisson’s ratio νa = 0.3
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion αa = 23 × 10-6 /°C
Density ρa = 2,700 kg/m3
EN-AW 6063-T6 Extruded Profile

BS EN 755-2:2013 Part 2 Aluminum and aluminum alloys – Extruded rod tube and profiles – Mechanical properties
Tensile ultimate strength (thickness thru 10 mm) Ftu = 215 MPa

Tensile ultimate strength (thickness over 10 mm thru 25 mm) Ftu = 195 MPa
0.20% Proof strength (thickness thru 10 mm) Fty = 170 MPa
0.20% Proof strength (thickness over 10 mm thru 25 mm) Fty = 160 MPa
EN-AW 3103-H14 Sheet

BS EN 485-2:2016 Aluminum and aluminum alloys – Sheet, strip and plate – Part 2: Mechanical properties
Tensile ultimate strength Rm = 140 MPa

0.20% Proof strength Rp0.2 = 110 MPa
Properties of Steel
BS EN 1993-1:2005 Design of steel structures – Part 1–1: General rules and rules for buildings
Modulus of elasticity Es = 210,000 MPa

Shear modulus of elasticity Gs = 81,000 MPa
Poisson’s ratio νs = 0.3
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion αs = 12 × 10-6 /°C
Density ρs = 7.85 × 103 kg/m3
S275 Hot Rolled Structural Steel

BS EN 10025-2:2004 Hot rolled products of structural steel – Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels
Tensile strength, minimum (thickness thru 16 mm) fu = 410 MPa

Yield strength, minimum (thickness thru 16 mm) fy = 275 MPa
vii
Properties of Fasteners
Stainless Steel A2-70 Fasteners

ISO 3506-1:2009 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners – Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs
Tensile strength, minimum Rm = 700 MPa

0.2% Proof strength, minimum Rp0.2 = 450 Mpa
• Design Loads
Dead Load
The weight of the whole panel is computed considering the dead load of all major wall components, namely: the
glass panels, aluminum extrusions, aluminum infills,, and insulation. An increase factor of 1.10 is multiplied to the
total computed weight to take into account the dead load of miscellaneous cladding components such as the
brackets.
Wind Load
The wind load used in the system is +/- 1.33 kPa as mentioned in the attached email in this report. Please see
Section A.02.
Load Combinations
Ultimate Limit States
Per BS EN 1990 Annex A1 Table A1.2(A), the following applicable basic load combinations in determining the
applied loads for all components are considered in the report:
1. 1.35D
2. 1.35D + 1.5W
Where D is dead load, and W is characteristic wind load.
• Strength Requirements
With the exception of the analysis of glass and structural sealant, this report follows limit state design procedures
in accordance with codes of practice and standards in the Reference Publications in page ix. As per BS EN 1990
Section 3.5, components and their connections are verified such that no limit state is exceeded when relevant
design values for actions and material properties are used.
viii
REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS
• Design Loads, Strength and Serviceability Requirements
Project Specifications Outline Performance Specification

Willmore Iles Architects
BS EN 1990:2002 Basis of structural design

British Standards Institution
• Aluminum Panels, Frames, and Brackets
BS EN 1999-1-1:2007 Design of Aluminum Structures – Part 1-1: General structural rules

BS EN 755-2:2013 Aluminum and aluminum alloys – Extruded rod tube and profiles – Mechanical
properties.
BS EN 485-2:2016 Aluminum and aluminum alloys – Sheet, strip and plate – Part 2: Mechanical
properties
• Steel Panels, Frames, and Brackets
BS EN 1993-1-1:2005 Design of steel structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
BS EN 10025-2:2004 Hot rolled products of structural steel Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-
alloy structural steels
• Fasteners
BS EN 1993-1-3:2006 Design of Steel Structures – Part 1-3: General Rules – Supplementary Rules for
Cold-Formed Members and Sheeting
BS EN 1993-1-8:2010 Design of Steel Structures – Part 1-8: Design of joints

ISO 3506-1:2009 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners – Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs
International Organization for Standardization
ix
REFERENCE DRAWINGS
Drawing Title Drawing No.

JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
PROPOSED PARTIAL PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION OF WINDOW TYPE W-P
DR-X-1000
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
PROPOSED PARTIAL PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION OF WINDOW TYPE W-K
DR-X-1002
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
PROPOSED PARTIAL PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION OF WINDOW W-L
DR-X-1007
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
PROPOSED PARTIAL PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION OF WINDOW TYPE W-M
DR-X-1013
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
PROPOSED PARTIAL PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION OF WINDOW TYPE W-N
DR-X-1014
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
PROPOSED PARTIAL PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION OF WINDOW TYPE W-O
DR-X-1015
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
PROPOSED PARTIAL PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION OF WINDOW TYPE W-Q
DR-X-1016
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
PROPOSED PARTIAL PLAN, ELEVATION AND SECTION OF WINDOW TYPE W-R
DR-X-1017
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
Jamb Detail 1 Top Hung Window
DR-X-2000
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
Jamb Detail 2 Top Hung Window
DR-X-2001
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
Head & Cill Detail Top Hung Window
DR-X-2002
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
Jamb Detail 1 Projecting Top Hung Window
DR-X-2006
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
Jamb Detail 2 Projecting Top Hung Window
DR-X-2007
JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-
Head & Cill Detail Projecting Top Hung Window
DR-X-2008
x
Chapter 1:
Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets

Page I - 1
SECTION 1.01
LOAD CALCULATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE SINGLE SPAN WINDOW BRACKETS
Drawing Reference: Drawing Reference: Drawing Reference:

JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-1000 JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-1007 JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-1013
Drawing Reference: Drawing Reference:

JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-1014 JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-1015
 1120.00 
 0.00 
 
Hop = 755.00 ⋅ mm Height of operable panels
 
 1055.00 
 1055.00 
 

Page I - 2
 950.00 
 2070.00 

Hfx = 865.00 ⋅ mm
 Height of fixed panels
 
 715.00 
 865.00 
 
 740.00 
 777.50 

Wp = 852.50 ⋅ mm
 Width of panels
 
 740.00 
 740.00 
 
 min 0.5⋅ Hop , 0.5⋅ Wp  
  1 1 
 min 0.5⋅ H , 0.5⋅ W    370.00 
  op2 p2 
  0.00 
   
tw.op =  min 0.5⋅ Hop3 , 0.5⋅ Wp3  = 377.50 mm Tributary widths on operable panels for trapezoidal
   
   370.00 
loading
 min 0.5⋅ Hop4 , 0.5⋅ Wp4   370.00 
    
 min 0.5⋅ Hop , 0.5⋅ Wp  
  5 5 
 min 0.5⋅ Hfx , 0.5⋅ Wp  

  1 1 
 min 0.5⋅ H , 0.5⋅ W    370.00 
  fx2 p2 
  388.75 
   
tw.fx =  min 0.5⋅ Hfx3 , 0.5⋅ Wp3  = 426.25 mm Tributary widths on fixed panels for trapezoidal loading
   
   357.50 
 min 0.5⋅ Hfx4, 0.5⋅ Wp4   370.00 
    
 min 0.5⋅ Hfx , 0.5⋅ Wp  
  5 5 
• Wind Load
q = 1.33⋅ kPa Characteristic wind pressure
Load Factors
Refer to BS EN 1990: 2002 Annex A1
γQ = 1.50 Partial factor for leading actions
Reactions from Trapezoidal Loading

sf.hs = 300.00⋅ mm Head and sill frame fastener spacing
sf.j = 600.00⋅ mm Jamb frame fastener spacing

Page I - 3
 221.44 
 0.00 
γR X.op.hs = γQ⋅ q⋅ tw.op⋅ sf.hs = 225.93 N
  Factored reactions on head and sill frame fasteners due
  to trapezoidal loading on operable frames
 221.44 
 221.44 
 
 221.44 
 232.67 

γR X.fx.hs = γQ⋅ q⋅ tw.fx⋅ sf.hs = 255.11 N
 Factored reactions on head and sill frame fasteners due
  to trapezoidal loading on fixed frames
 213.96 
 221.44 
 
 442.89 
 0.00 

γR X.op.j = γQ⋅ q⋅ tw.op⋅ sf.j = 451.87 N
 Factored reactions on jamb frame fasteners due to
  trapezoidal loading on operable frames
 442.89 
 442.89 
 
 442.89 
 465.33 

γR X.fx.j = γQ⋅ q⋅ tw.fx⋅ sf.j = 510.22 N
 Factored reactions on jamb frame fasteners due to
  trapezoidal loading on fixed frames
 427.93 
 442.89 
 
Concentrated Loads along Mullions at Transom Locations
0.5⋅ Wp ⋅  tw.op + tw.fx  

 1 1 1
 0.00 

γQ⋅ q 0.5⋅ W ⋅  t

 p3 w.op3 + tw.fx  
γR X.transom = ⋅
  3

Factored reactions on frame fasteners due to
2 concentrated load at transom locations
0.5⋅ Wp ⋅  tw.op + tw.fx  
4 4 4
 
0.5⋅ Wp ⋅  tw.op + tw.fx  
 5 5 5 
 273.12 
 0.00 

γR X.transom = 341.74 N

 
 268.50 
 273.12 
 
Total Reaction
( )
γR X.hs = max γR X.op.hs , γR X.fx.hs = 255.11 N Maximum reaction on head and sill frame fasteners
( ) (
γR X.j = max γR X.op.j , γR X.fx.j + max γR X.transom ) Maximum reaction on jamb frame fasteners
Loads due to trapezoidal loading and concentrated loading have
γR X.j = 851.96 N been added for consevative an alysis

Page I - 4
SECTION 1.02
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE HEAD AND SILL BRACKET STAINLESS STEEL FASTENER
(FRAME TO SHEET)
BS EN 1993-1-3 2006 - DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - GENERAL RULES - SUPPLEMENTARY RULES
FOR COLD-FORMED MEMBERS AND SHEETING
BS EN 1993-1-8 2005 - DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - DESIGN OF JOINTS
Drawing Reference: JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-2002
· Mechanical Properties
Fastener
n=1 Number of fasteners
Designation = "ST4.8" Fastener designation
Type = "Hex Head" Fastener type
i.e., Countersun k, Pan Head
Grade = "A2" Steel grade
i.e., CS, A2, A4
Class = "70" Property class
fub = 700.00 MPa Ultimate tensile strength
fyb = 450.00 MPa Yield strength
Plane = "Threaded" Bolt condition at shear plane
i.e., Threaded, Unthreaded
αv = 0.60 Shear reduction factor
df = 4.80 mm Nominal thread diameter
-1
Nf = 0.63 mm Number of thread per millimeter
(
Ag = π 0.50 df )2 = 18.10 mm2 Gross cross-sectional area
2
 1.2269  2
As = 0.7854  df -  = 6.32 mm Thread root area
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
At = 0.7854  df -  = 8.25 mm Tensile stress area
Nf
 

Page I - 5
Base Material
First Base Metal

Metal_Alloy = "AL - 3103-H14" Base metal for bearing
1
fy = 110.00 MPa Yield strength
1
fu = 140.00 MPa Ultimate strength
1
Holes = "Standard" Type of hole present
1
α = 1.00 Bearing resistance reduction factor
1
tp = 3.00mm Base metal thickness
1
e1 = 9.50mm Distance of the edge perpendicular to applied load to the
1 fastener back row
e2 = 9.50mm Distance of the edge parallel to applied load to the outer
1 fastener column
emin = 1.20 df = 5.76 mm Minimum edge distance
p1 = 300.00mm Fastener spacing parallel to applied load
1
p1.min = 2.20 df = 10.56 mm Minimum parallel spacing
p2 = 300.00mm Fastener spacing perpendicular to applied load
1
p2.min = 2.40df = 11.52 mm Minimum perpendicular spacing
Second Base Metal

Metal_Alloy = "AL - 6063-T6" Base metal for bearing
2
2
2
Holes = "Tapped" Type of hole present
2
2
2
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
p1 = p1 = 300.00 mm Fastener spacing parallel to applied load
2 1
p2 = p2 = 300.00 mm Fastener spacing perpendicular to applied load
2 1

Page I - 6
· Material Load Resistance

γM0 = 1.00 Material strength factors
γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance
Refer to T able 3.4 of BS EN 1993-1-8: 2005

k2 = 0.63 if Type = "Countersunk" = 0.90 Effect of head bearing
0.90 otherwise
2
At = 8.25 mm Tensile stress area
1
Ft.Rd =  k  f  A = 4158.26 N Tensile resistance
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance
As per Table 3.4 of BS EN 1993-1-8

2
Ag = 18.10 mm Gross cross-sectional area
2
2
Av = At if Plane = "Threaded" = 8.25 mm Relevant stress area
Ag if Plane = "Unthreaded"
1
Fv.Rd' =  αv fub Av = 2772.17 N Shear resistance
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
ad = min , - Reduction for edge distance parallel to load transfer
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 0.66 
ad =  
 6.94 
 fub 
ab = min 1.00 , ad ,  Strength reduction factor
i  i fu 
 i
 0.66 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
i   df   df  Reduction for fastener spacing
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
γM2 = 1.25 Material strength factor
 140.00 
fu =   MPa Ultimate strength of the bearing metals
 260.00 

Page I - 7
1
Fb.Rd.o =  α  k1  ab  fu  df tp Bearing resistance
i γM2 i i i i i
 2660.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 3744.00 
(
Fb.Rd = min F b.Rd.o = 2660.00 N ) Governing bearning resistance
Bending Resistance
Refer to Clause 5.2.3.2 of ETAG-001 Annex C
df = 4.80 mm Nominal thread diameter
1
( 3
)
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 10.86 mm
4
3
Section modulus
MRk' = 1.2 Wel fub = 9.12 N m Characteristic bending resistance
· Load Parameters
Refer to Section 1.01 Load Calculation for the Analysis o f the Single Span Window Brackets
γR X.hs = 255.11 N Factored reaction on head and sill frame fasteners along
global x-axis
· Applied Loads
Tension
Number of fasteners
n = 1.00
Ft.Ed = 0.00 N Factored tensile load
Pull-out Resistance
Refer to BS EN 1993-1-3 Table 8.2
tsup = tp = 1.50 mm Thickness of second base material

2
fu.sup = fu = 260.00 MPa Ultimate strength of second base material
2
-1
sp.o = Nf = 1.60 mm Thread pitch
df tsup fu.sup tsup Pull-out resistance
Fpo.Rd = 0.45 if <1
γM2 sp.o
df tsup fu.sup

0.65 otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 673.92 N

Page I - 8
Pull-through Resistance
dw = 7.92 mm Diameter of fastener head; widths across flats for hex

head fasteners
tp = 3.00 mm Thickness of first base material
1
fu = 140.00 MPa Ultimate strength of first base material
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
Fpt.Rd = 0.5 = 1330.56 N Pull-through resistance
γM2
Governing Resistance
Ft.Rd = 4158.26 N Tensile resistance
( )
Ft.Rd.min = min F t.Rd , F po.Rd , Fpt.Rd = 673.92 N Governing tensile resistance
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 0.00 N < Ft.Rd.min = 673.92 N
Since the utilization of tension resistance is 0% ,
THE TENSION IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.
Shear
nv = 1 Number of shear planes
γR X.hs
Fv.Ed = = 255.11 N Total factored shear on a single fastener
n
 3.00 
tp =   mm Base metal thicknesses
 1.50 
tgap = 4.50 mm Gap thickness
eb = tgap + 0.5
 tp = 6.75 mm Lever arm
αm = 2.00 Restraint condition factor
 F t.Ed 
MRk = MRk'  1 - = 9.12 N·m Reduced characteristic bending resistance
 F t.Rd  Refer to Equation 5.5b of ETAG 001 - Ann ex C
Fv.Rd = F v.Rd' if eb = 0.00mm
 1 αm MRk 
min  , F v.Rd' if eb otherwise
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Fv.Rd = 2161.82 N Shear resistance
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 255.11 N < Fv.Rd = 2,161.82 N
Since the utilization of shear resistance is 12% ,
THE SHEAR IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.

Page I - 9
Bearing
Fb.Ed = Fv.Ed = 255.11 N Factored bearing load
Fb.Rd = 2660.00 N Governing bearning resistance
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 255.11 N < Fb.Rd = 2,660.00 N
Since the utilization of bearing resistance is 10% ,
THE BEARING LOAD IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.
Combined Load
F v.Ed F t.Ed Combined load ratio due to fastener material strength
CR1 = + = 0.12 Refer to T able 3.4 of BS EN 1993-1-8: 2005
F v.Rd 1.40 Ft.Rd
F v.Ed Ft.Ed Combined load ratio due to base material strength

CR2 = + = 0.10
(
F b.Rd min F po.Rd , F pt.Rd ) Refer to T able 8.2 of BS EN 1993-1-6: 2006
CR = max( CR1 , CR2) = 0.12 Maximum combined load ratio
Comparing,
CR = 0.12 < 1.00
Since the utilization of combined load resistance is 12% ,
THE COMBINED LOAD IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.
. THUS, THE FASTENER IS STRUCTURALLY ADEQUATE.

Page I - 10
SECTION 1.03
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE HEAD AND SILL BRACKET ALUMINUM SHEET
BS EN 1999-1-1 2007 - DESIGN OF ALUMINUM STRUCTURES - GENERAL STRUCTURAL RULES
· Material Properties
Alloy = "EN AW - 3103-H14" Alloy-temper of extrusion
Type = "Plate" Analyzed section type
Weld = "None" Section weldment
i.e., Welded, None
fo = 110.00 MPa Characteristic value for bending and overall yielding*
fu = 140.00 MPa Characteristic value for ultimate tensile strength*
BC = "B" Material buckling class*
*Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Table 3.2b
· Section Properties
Lb = 255.00 mm Unbraced length
End = "VI" End condition
i.e., I = Fixed - Fixed
II = Fixed - Pinn ed
III = Pinn ed - Pinned
IV = Fixed - Roller
V = Fixed - Partial Roller
VI = Fixed - Free
k = 2.10 Buckling length factor

Refer to BS EN 1991-1-1: 2007 Tab le 6.8
t = 3.00 mm Thickness of critical section
b = 300.00 mm Gross width of critical section (fastener spacing)
2
Ag = b t = 900.00 mm Gross cross-sectional area

Page I - 11
Connection Details
nf = 1 Number of holes along critical area
df = 4.80 mm Diameter of fastener
Hole = "Punched" Hole type
i.e. Punched, Drilled, Reamed
εh = 0.80 mm if Hole = "Punched" = 0.80 mm Hole diameter tolerance

0.00 mm otherwise
dh = (df + 0.0625 in + εh) if df > 0 Hole diameter
Note: ho le diameter is taken as 1/16 in. bigger than fastener
0.00 mm otherwise diameter.
dh = 7.19 mm
zf = ( 0.00 ) mm yf = ( 0.00 ) mm Fastener distances from the centroid of critical section
Net Section Properties

2
An = Ag - nf dh t = 878.44 mm Net cross-sectional area
1 3  1  d 3 t + d  t z 2
Iy =
12
b t -
 
 12
h h  fnf 
 
Moment of inertia about the strong axis using net area
nf
4
Iy = 6749907.17 mm
1 1 2
  12 dht
3 3
Iz =  b t - + dh t  yf   Moment of inertia about the weak axis using net area
12  nf
nf
4
Iz = 658.83 mm
Iy
3
Wel.y = = 44999.38 mm Elastic section modulus about the strong axis
0.50 b
Iz
3
Wel.z = = 439.22 mm Elastic section modulus about the weak axis
0.50 t
  dhtzfnf = 67500.00mm
2 3
Wpl.y = 0.25 b  t - Plastic section modulus about the strong axis
nf
 2
  0.25dht  = 658.83mm
2 3
Wpl.z = 0.25 b t - Plastic section modulus about the weak axis
nf
 0.5 t  ( 0.5 t)
4
It = 0.5b ( 0.5 t)   - 3.36  Torsion constant
3 16
 1-
3 0.5 b  4
  12 ( 0.5 b) 
4
It = 2682.99 mm
Iz
rz = = 0.86 mm Radius of gyration about the weak axis
Ag

Page I - 12
· Classification of Cross-Section
fo = 110.00 MPa Characteristic value for bending and overall yielding
250 MPa
ε= = 1.51 Material strength parameter
fo
BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Table 6.2 Slenderness parameters

Material Classification β1 β2 β3
Class A, w ithout w elds 11ε 16ε 22ε
Class A, w ith w elds 9ε 13ε 18ε
Class B, w ithout w elds 13ε 16.5ε 18ε
Class B, w ith w elds 10ε 13.5ε 15ε
BC = "B" Buckling condition

Class 1 for β  β1
Class 2 for β1 < β  β2
Class 4 for β3 < β
ψ = -1 Ratio of the extreme fiber distances (for plates)
η= ( 0.70 + 0.30 ψ) if ( 1  ψ  -1) = 0.40 Stress gradient for unreinforced flat elements
 0.80  if ( ψ < -1)

 
 1 - ψ
b
βy = η = 40.00 Slenderness parameter
t
β1 = 19.60 Slenderness limits
β2 = 24.87
β3 = 27.14
Classy = 1 if βy  β1 =4 Class specification
2 if β1 < βy  β2
3 if β2 < βy  β3
4 if β3 < βy

Page I - 13

Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Clau se 6.1.3
γM1 = 1.10 Partial safety factors

γM2 = 1.25
Shear Capacity
1 fo
VRd =  = 57.74 MPa Shear capacity
γM1 3
Buckling Resistance
ε = 1.51 Material strength parameter
b = 300.00 mm Shorter of the side dimensions
b
βv = = 100.00 Slenderness parameter
t
Classv = "Non-slender" if βv  39ε Plate slenderness
"Slender" if βv > 39ε
Classv = "Slender"
fo = 110.00 MPa Characteristic value for yielding
2
ηv = 0.80 if Type = "Plate" = 0.80 Shear area factor
0.60 if Type = "Tube"
2
Av = ηv Ag = 720.00 mm Shear area
  fu 
η = min1.2 ,  0.7 + 0.35  = 1.15 Shear buckling coefficient
  fo 

bw = b = 300.00 mm Braced length
Ea = 70000.00 MPa Modulus of elasticity of aluminum
bw fo Slenderness parameter
λw = 0.35 = 1.39 Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Equation 6.122
t Ea
Stiffenertype = "Non-Rigid End Post" End-stiffeners type

i.e., Rigid End Post, Non-Rigid End Post
ρv = if Stiffenertype = "Rigid End Post" = 0.60 Shear buckling factor
0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if < λw < 0.937
λw η
2.3
if 0.937  λw
(1.66 + λw)

Page I - 14
if Stiffenertype = "Non-Rigid End Post"
0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw
λw η
"Check" otherwise
Tension Capacity
2
An = 878.44 mm Net area
-1
Nt.o.Rd = Ag fo γM1 = 90000.00 N Tension capacity due to general yielding
(
Nt.u.Rd = 0.9 An  fu γM2 ) -1
= 88546.50 N Tension capacity due to local failure at section with holes
Compression Capacity
Effective Area
BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Table 6.3 Constants in Local Buckling Factor

Material Classification C1 C2
Class A, w ithout w elds 32 220
Class A, w ith w elds 29 198
Class B, w ithout w elds 29 198
Class B, w ith w elds 25 150
C1 = 29.00 Constants
C2 = 198.00
  2
ρc.y = C  ε  β - 1 - C   ε  β - 1  if β > β
 1 y  2 y  y 3
1.00 otherwise
ρc.y = 0.81 Reduction factor for local buckling
2
Aeff = ρc.y Ag = 730.56 mm Effective cross-sectional area
1 Compression capacity due to local failure at section with

Nc.u.Rd =  An fu = 98385.00 N
γM2 holes
Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Equation 6.21
1 Compression capacity due to general yielding

Nc.o.Rd =  Aeff fo = 73055.58 N Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Equation 6.22
γM1

Page I - 15
Buckling Resistance
κ = 1.00 Factor to allow for the weakening effects of welding

1.00 for non-welded sections
λ0.B = 0.10 if BC = "A" = 0.00 Limit of the horizontal plateau*

0.00 if BC = "B"
αB = 0.20 if BC = "A" = 0.32 Imperfection factor*
0.32 if BC = "B"
Lb = 255.00 mm Unbraced length
2
Aeff = 730.56 mm Effective cross-sectional area
2

r z = 0.86 mm Radius of gyration about the weak axis
(k Lb)  Aeff fo Relative slenderness parameter

λB = = 7.12 Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Eq uation 6.52
r z π Ag Ea
ϕB = 0.50 1 + αB λB - λ0.B + λB  = 26.95

( ) 2 Slenderness reduction parameter
  Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Clau se 6.3.1.2 (1)
 1  Reduction factor for flexural buckling

χB = min , 1.00 if λB > λ0.B Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Equation 6.50
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 B B B 
1.00 otherwise
χB = 0.02
1 Compression capacity due to flexural buckling

Nc.B.Rd =  κ χB Aeff fo = 1379.73 N Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Equation 6.49
γM1

Page I - 16
Bending Capacity
Strong Axis Bending
Resistance of Cross-Section
ρc.y = 0.81 Reduction factor
teff.y = ρc.y t = 2.44 mm Effective reduced thickness
1 2 3
Wel.eff.y =  teff.y b = 36527.79 mm Elastic modulus of the effective section
6
3
Wel.y = 44999.38 mm Elastic modulus of the gross section
3
Wpl.y = 67500.00 mm Plastic modulus of the gross section
αy = if Weld = "None" Shape factor
Wpl.y
if Classy = 1  Class y = 2
Wel.y
  Wpl.y   Wpl.y 

β3 - βy
min1 + 
-1 , if Class y = 3

β3 - β2  Wel.y   Wel.y 

 Wel.eff.y   Wpl.y 
min , if Class y = 4
 Wel.y   Wel.y 
"Check" otherwise
αy = 0.81
1
Mu.Rd.y =  Wel.y fu = 5039.93 N m Moment capacity at net section
γM2
1
Mo.Rd.y.n =  αy Wel.y fo = 3652.78 N m Nominal moment capacity at gross section
γM1
Elastic Critical Moment

Ea = 70000.00 MPa Modulus of elasticity
Ga = 27000.00MPa Shear modulus
4
Iz = 658.83 mm Moment of inertia about the minor axis
2
π  Ea Iz (k Lb)2 Ga It = 339.09 N m Elastic critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling
Mcr =  Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Equation I.1
(k Lb) 2 2
π  Ea Iz
Buckling Resistance
αy Wel.y fo Relative slenderness parameter

λLT = = 3.44 Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Eq uation 6.58
Mcr
λ0.LT = 0.60 if Class y  2 = 0.40 Limit of the horizontal plateau

Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Clau se 6.3.2.2 (2)
0.40 if Class y  3

Page I - 17
αLT = 0.10 if Class y  2 = 0.20 Imperfection factor

ϕLT = 0.50 1 + αLT λLT - λ0.LT + λLT 

  Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Equation 6.57
ϕLT = 6.73
 1 
χLT = min , 1.00 if λLT > 0.40
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 LT LT LT 
1.00 if λLT  0.40
χLT = 0.08 Reduction factor for lateral-torsional buckling

γM1 = 1.10 Partial safety factor

1
Mb.Rd.y =  χLT αy Wel.y fo Design buckling resistance moment
γM1
Mb.Rd.y = 291.97 N·m
Weak Axis Bending

3
Wel.z = 439.22 mm Elastic modulus of the gross section
3
Wpl.z = 658.83 mm Plastic modulus of the gross section
Wpl.z Shape factor
αz = = 1.50
Wel.z
1
Mu.Rd.z =  Wel.z fu = 49.19 N m Moment capacity at net section
γM2
1
Mo.Rd.z.n =  αz Wel.z fo = 65.88 N m Nominal moment capacity at gross section
γM1

Page I - 18
· Load Parameters
global x-axis
· Applied Loads
Shear
Torsional Shear
Case = 4 Shearing section case

as per Roark's Formulas fo r Stress and Strain
a = 0.50 b = 150.00 mm Section Dimensions
b' = 0.50 t = 1.50 mm
Mτ = 0.00 N m Torsional moment
3  Mτ 2 3
b'  
4
 b'   b'   b'  
VEd.τ =  1 + 0.6095   + 0.8865   - 1.8023   + 0.9100   

2  a a a a
8 a b'
VEd.τ = 0.00 MPa Maximum torsional stress
as per Art. 9.2 Table 20 of Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain
Direct Shear
VEd.d = 0.00 N Factored direct shear
VEd.d
VEd = + VEd.τ if Classv = "Non-slender"
Av
VEd.d
+ VEd.τ if Classv = "Slender"
ρv bw t
VEd = 0.00 Factored shear stress

VRd = 57.74 MPa Shear capacity
Comparing,
VEd = 0.00 MPa < VRd = 57.74 MPa


Page I - 19
Tension
Nt.Ed = γR X.hs = 255.11 N Factored tensile load
  V 2 Strength reduction for combined shear and bending

  Ed   VEd
ρo.V = 1 - 2 - 1  if  0.50
  VRd   VRd
1.00 otherwise
ρo.V = 1.00
Nt.o.Rd = 90000.00 N Tension capacity due to general yielding
Nt.u.Rd = 88546.50 N Tension capacity due to local failure at section with holes
Nt.Rd = (
min ρo.V Nt.o.Rd , Nt.u.Rd ) if Weld = "None" Tension capacity
"Check" otherwise
Nt.Rd = 88546.50 N
Comparing,
Nt.Ed = 255.11 N < Nt.Rd = 88,546.50 N
Compression
Nc.Ed = γR X.hs = 255.11 N Factored compressive load
Nc.o.Rd = 73055.58 N Compression capacity due to general yielding
Nc.u.Rd = 98385.00 N Compression capacity due to local failure at section with
holes
Nc.B.Rd = 1379.73 N Compression capacity due to flexural buckling
(
Nc.Rd = min ρo.V Nc.o.Rd , Nc.u.Rd , Nc.B.Rd ) Compression capacity
Nc.Rd = 1379.73 N Compression capacity
Comparing,
N c.Ed = 255.11 N < N c.Rd = 1,379.73 N
Since the utilization of compression resistance is 18% ,

THE COMPRESSION IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.
Strong Axis Bending

MEd.y = 0.00 N m Factored strong axis bending moment
Mu.Rd.y = 5039.93 N·m Moment capacity at net section
Mo.Rd.y = Mo.Rd.y.n ρo.V = 3652.78 N·m Moment capacity at gross section
Mb.Rd.y = 291.97 N·m Moment capacity for buckling
( )
MRd.y = min Mu.Rd.y , Mo.Rd.y , Mb.Rd.y = 291.97 N·m Moment capacity for strong axis bending
Comparing,
MEd.y = 0.00 N-m < MRd.y = 291.97 N-m
Since the utilization of bending moment resistance is 0% ,

THE BENDING MOMENT IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.

Page I - 20
Weak Axis Bending

eY = 36.00 mm Load eccentricity
MEd.z = γR X.hs eY = 9.18 N·m Factored weak axis bending moment
ρo.V = 1.00 Strength reduction for combined shear and bending
Mu.Rd.z = 49.19 N·m Moment capacity at net section
Mo.Rd.z = Mo.Rd.z.n ρo.V = 65.88 N·m Moment capacity at gross section
( )
MRd.z = min Mu.Rd.z , Mo.Rd.z = 49.19 N·m Moment capacity for weak axis bending
Comparing,
MEd.z = 9.18 N-m < MRd.z = 49.19 N-m

Combined Forces
Bending and Axial Force
Refer to BS EN 1999-1-1: 2007 Clau se 6.2.9.2
ωo = 1.0 if Weld = "None" = 1.00 Strength reduction factor for localized welds or holes
"Check" otherwise
Ψ= 2.0 if Type = "Plate" Exponent in interaction formula
1.30 if Type = "RHS"  Type = "CHS"
"Check" otherwise
Ψ = 2.00
 N Ψ Ψ
 c.Ed   Nt.Ed  
CR = max ,  ... if Type = "Plate"  Type = "RHS"  Type = "CHS"
 ωo Nc.Rd   ωo Nt.Rd  
0.6
 M 1.7 1.7
   M 
Ed.z  
+ 
Ed.y 
+ 
  
 ωo MRd.y   ωo MRd.z  
"Check" otherwise
CR = 0.21 Combined stress ratio for bending and axial force
Comparing,
CR = 0.21 < 1.00
• THUS, THE ALUMINUM SHEET IS STRUCTURALLY ADEQUATE.

Page I - 21
SECTION 1.04
(SHEET TO STUD FRAMING)
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page I - 22
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

Metal_Alloy = "CS - S 275" Base metal for bearing
2
2
2
2
2
tp = 2.00mm Base metal thickness (required minimum stud framing
2 thickness)
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page I - 23

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 1.74 
ad =  
 6.94 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 1.00 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 430.00 

Page I - 24
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 4032.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 8256.00 
(
Bending Resistance
1
( 3
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 10.86 mm
4
)
3
Section modulus
· Load Parameters
global x-axis
· Applied Loads
Tension
n = 1.00 Number of fasteners
dc = 25.00 mm Depth of compression block
6 1 γR X.hs eY
Ft.Ed =   = 483.69 N Factored tensile load
5 n dc
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
-1
Fpo.Rd = 0.45 if <1
γM2 sp.o

0.65 otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 2146.56 N

Page I - 25

head fasteners
1
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
γM2
( )
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 483.69 N < Ft.Rd.min = 1,330.56 N
Shear
γR X.hs
n
eb = 0.00 mm Lever arm
 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 255.11 N < Fv.Rd = 2,772.17 N

Page I - 26
Bearing
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 255.11 N < Fb.Rd = 4,032.00 N
Combined Load

CR2 = + = 0.43
(
Comparing,
CR = 0.43 < 1.00


Page I - 27
SECTION 1.05
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE JAMB BRACKET STAINLESS STEEL FASTENER (FRAME TO
SHEET)
• Mechanical Properties
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
fub = 700.00⋅ MPa Ultimate tensile strength
fyb = 450.00⋅ MPa Yield strength
df = 4.80⋅ mm Nominal thread diameter
−1
Nf = 0.63⋅ mm Number of thread per millimeter
(
Ag = π⋅ 0.50 ⋅ df )2 = 18.10⋅ mm2 Gross cross-sectional area
2
 1.2269  2
As = 0.7854⋅  df −  = 6.32⋅ mm Thread root area
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
At = 0.7854⋅  df −  = 8.25 ⋅ mm Tensile stress area
Nf
 

Page I - 28
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
emin = 1.20⋅ df = 5.76 ⋅ mm Minimum edge distance
1
p1.min = 2.20 ⋅ df = 10.56 mm Minimum parallel spacing
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page I - 29
• Material Load Resistance

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
At = 8.25⋅ mm Tensile stress area
1
Ft.Rd = ⋅ k ⋅ f ⋅ A = 4158.26 N Tensile resistance
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
Ag = 18.10⋅ mm Gross cross-sectional area
2
2
Av = At if Plane = "Threaded" = 8.25⋅ mm Relevant stress area
1
Fv.Rd' = ⋅ αv⋅ fub⋅ Av = 2772.17 N Shear resistance
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
ad = min , − Reduction for edge distance parallel to load transfer
i  3⋅ d   3⋅ d 4 
   f f 
 0.73 
ad =  
 6.94 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 0.73 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80⋅
i   df
− 1.70 , 1.40
  df
− 1.70
 Reduction for fastener spacing
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 260.00 

Page I - 30
1
Fb.Rd.o = ⋅ α ⋅ k1 ⋅ ab ⋅ fu ⋅ df⋅ tp Bearing resistance
i γM2 i i i i i
 2940.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 3744.00 
(
Bending Resistance
1 3 3
( )
Wel = ⋅ π⋅ 0.50⋅ df = 10.86⋅ mm
4
Section modulus
MRk' = 1.2⋅ Wel⋅ fub = 9.12⋅ N⋅ m Characteristic bending resistance
• Load Parameters
γR X.j = 851.96⋅ N Factored reaction on jamb frame fasteners along global

x-axis
• Applied Loads
Tension
Number of fasteners
n = 1.00
Ft.Ed = 0.00⋅ N Factored tensile load
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
−1
df⋅ tsup⋅ fu.sup tsup Pull-out resistance
Fpo.Rd = 0.45⋅ if <1
γM2 sp.o
df⋅ tsup⋅ fu.sup

0.65⋅ otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 673.92 N

Page I - 31
dw = 7.92⋅ mm Diameter of fastener head; widths across flats for hex

head fasteners
1
1
dw⋅ tp ⋅ fu
1 1
Fpt.Rd = 0.5⋅ = 1330.56 N Pull-through resistance
γM2
( )
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 0.00 N < Ft.Rd.min = 673.92 N
Shear
γR X.j
n
 3.00 
 1.50 
tgap = 4.50⋅ mm Gap thickness
eb = tgap + 0.5⋅
 F t.Ed 
MRk = MRk'⋅  1 − = 9.12 N·m Reduced characteristic bending resistance
 1 αm⋅ MRk 
min ⋅ , F v.Rd' if eb otherwise
 γM2 e + 10− 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 851.96 N < Fv.Rd = 2,161.82 N

Page I - 32
Bearing
Fb.Ed = Fv.Ed = 851.96⋅ N Factored bearing load
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 851.96 N < Fb.Rd = 2,940.00 N
Combined Load
F v.Rd 1.40 ⋅ Ft.Rd

CR2 = + = 0.29
(
Comparing,
CR = 0.39 < 1.00

Page I - 33
SECTION 1.06
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE JAMB BRACKET ALUMINUM SHEET

i.e., Welded, None
IV = Fixed - Roller
VI = Fixed - Free

bg = 600.00 mm Gross width of critical section (fastener spacing)
ea = ( 11.00 + 249.50) mm = 260.50 mm Total distance from load to critical section
( )
b = min bg , 2 ea tan( 45 deg) = 521.00 mm Effective width of critical section
For con servative an alysis
2
Ag = b t = 1563.00  mm Gross cross-sectional area

Page I - 34
Connection Details

dh = 7.19 mm

2
1 3  1  d 3 t + d  t z 2
Iy =
12
b t -
 
 12
h h  fnf 
 
nf
4
Iy = 35355097.42 mm
1 1 2
  12 dht
3 3
12 nf 
nf
4
Iz = 1156.08 mm
Iy
3
0.50 b
Iz
3
0.50 t
  dhtzfnf = 203580.75mm
2 3
nf
 2
  0.25dht  = 1156.08mm
2 3
nf
 0.5 t  ( 0.5 t)
4
3 16
 1-
3 0.5 b  4
  12 ( 0.5 b) 
4
It = 4671.99 mm
Iz
Ag

Page I - 35
250 MPa
fo


 0.80  if ( ψ < -1)

 
 1 - ψ
b
t
β2 = 24.87
β3 = 27.14
2 if β1 < βy  β2
3 if β2 < βy  β3
4 if β3 < βy

Page I - 36


γM2 = 1.25
Shear Capacity
1 fo
γM1 3
Buckling Resistance
b
t
Classv = "Slender"
2
2
  fu 
  fo 

t Ea

0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if < λw < 0.937
λw η
2.3
if 0.937  λw
(1.66 + λw)

Page I - 37
0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw
λw η
"Check" otherwise
Tension Capacity
2
-1
( )
Nt.u.Rd = 0.9 An  fu γM2
-1
Effective Area

C2 = 198.00
  2
ρc.y = C  ε  β - 1 - C   ε  β - 1  if β > β
 1 y  2 y  y 3
1.00 otherwise
2

Nc.u.Rd =  An fu = 172641.00 N
γM2 holes

γM1

Page I - 38
Buckling Resistance


0.00 if BC = "B"
0.32 if BC = "B"
2
2


r z π Ag Ea
ϕB = 0.50 1 + αB λB - λ0.B + λB  = 18.64


ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 B B B 
1.00 otherwise
χB = 0.03

γM1

Page I - 39
Bending Capacity
Strong Axis Bending
1 2 3
6
3
3
Wpl.y
Wel.y
  Wpl.y   Wpl.y 

β3 - βy
min1 + 
-1 , if Class y = 3

β3 - β2  Wel.y   Wel.y 

 Wel.eff.y   Wpl.y 
 Wel.y   Wel.y 
"Check" otherwise
αy = 0.54
1
γM2
1
γM1

4
2
(k Lb) 2 2
π  Ea Iz
Buckling Resistance

Mcr


Page I - 40


ϕLT = 7.71
 1 
χLT = min , 1.00 if λLT > 0.40
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 LT LT LT 
1.00 if λLT  0.40


1
γM1
Mb.Rd.y = 502.53 N·m
Weak Axis Bending

3
3
Wpl.z Shape factor
αz = = 1.50
Wel.z
1
γM2
1
γM1

Page I - 41
· Load Parameters
γR X.j = 851.96 N Factored reaction on jamb frame fasteners along global

x-axis
· Applied Loads
Shear
Torsional Shear

b' = 0.50 t = 1.50 mm
3  Mτ 2 3
b'  
4
 b'   b'   b'  
VEd.τ =  1 + 0.6095   + 0.8865   - 1.8023   + 0.9100   

2  a a a a
8 a b'
Direct Shear
VEd.d
Av
VEd.d
ρv bw t

Comparing,
VEd = 0.00 MPa < VRd = 57.74 MPa


Page I - 42
Tension
Nt.Ed = γR X.j = 851.96 N Factored tensile load

  Ed   VEd
ρo.V = 1 - 2 - 1  if  0.50
  VRd   VRd
1.00 otherwise
ρo.V = 1.00
Nt.Rd = (
"Check" otherwise
Nt.Rd = 155376.90 N
Comparing,
Nt.Ed = 851.96 N < Nt.Rd = 155,376.90 N
Compression
Nc.Ed = γR X.j = 851.96 N Factored compressive load
holes
(
Comparing,
N c.Ed = 851.96 N < N c.Rd = 2,306.22 N

Strong Axis Bending

( )
Comparing,
MEd.y = 0.00 N-m < MRd.y = 502.53 N-m


Page I - 43
Weak Axis Bending

eZ = 11.00 mm Load eccentricity
MEd.z = γR X.j eZ = 9.37 N·m Factored weak axis bending moment
( )
Comparing,
MEd.z = 9.37 N-m < MRd.z = 86.32 N-m

Combined Forces
"Check" otherwise
"Check" otherwise
Ψ = 2.00
 N Ψ Ψ
 c.Ed   Nt.Ed  
 ωo Nc.Rd   ωo Nt.Rd  
0.6
 M 1.7 1.7
   M 
Ed.z  
+ 
Ed.y 
+ 
  
 ωo MRd.y   ωo MRd.z  
"Check" otherwise
Comparing,
CR = 0.24 < 1.00

Page I - 44
SECTION 1.07
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE JAMB BRACKET STAINLESS STEEL FASTENER (SHEET TO
STUD FRAMING)
• Mechanical Properties
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
fub = 700.00⋅ MPa Ultimate tensile strength
fyb = 450.00⋅ MPa Yield strength
df = 4.80⋅ mm Nominal thread diameter
−1
Nf = 0.63⋅ mm Number of thread per millimeter
(
Ag = π⋅ 0.50⋅ df )2 = 18.10⋅ mm2 Gross cross-sectional area
2
 1.2269  2
As = 0.7854⋅  df −  = 6.32⋅ mm Thread root area
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
At = 0.7854⋅  df −  = 8.25 ⋅ mm Tensile stress area
Nf
 

Page I - 45
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
emin = 1.20⋅ df = 5.76 ⋅ mm Minimum edge distance
1
p1.min = 2.20 ⋅ df = 10.56 mm Minimum parallel spacing
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2 thickness)
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page I - 46
• Material Load Resistance

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
Ft.Rd = ⋅ k ⋅ f ⋅ A = 4158.26 N Tensile resistance
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
Ag = 18.10⋅ mm Gross cross-sectional area
2
2
Av = At if Plane = "Threaded" = 8.25⋅ mm Relevant stress area
1
Fv.Rd' = ⋅ αv⋅ fub⋅ Av = 2772.17 N Shear resistance
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
ad = min , − Reduction for edge distance parallel to load transfer
i  3⋅ d   3⋅ d 4 
   f f 
 1.74 
ad =  
 6.94 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 1.00 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80⋅
i   df
− 1.70 , 1.40
  df
− 1.70
 Reduction for fastener spacing
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 430.00 

Page I - 47
1
Fb.Rd.o = ⋅ α ⋅ k1 ⋅ ab ⋅ fu ⋅ df⋅ tp Bearing resistance
i γM2 i i i i i
 4032.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 8256.00 
(
Bending Resistance
1 3 3
(
Wel = ⋅ π⋅ 0.50⋅ df = 10.86⋅ mm
4
) Section modulus
MRk' = 1.2⋅ Wel⋅ fub = 9.12⋅ N⋅ m Characteristic bending resistance
• Load Parameters
γR X.j = 851.96⋅ N Factored reaction on jamb frame fasteners along global

x-axis
• Applied Loads
Tension
dc = 25.00 ⋅ mm Depth of compression block
eZ = 14.50⋅ mm Load eccentricity
6 1 γR X.j⋅ eZ
Ft.Ed = ⋅ ⋅ = 592.96 N Factored tensile load
5 n dc
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
−1
df⋅ tsup⋅ fu.sup tsup Pull-out resistance
Fpo.Rd = 0.45⋅ if <1
γM2 sp.o
df⋅ tsup⋅ fu.sup

0.65⋅ otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 2146.56 N

Page I - 48
dw = 7.92⋅ mm Diameter of fastener head; widths across flats for hex

head fasteners
1
1
dw⋅ tp ⋅ fu
1 1
Fpt.Rd = 0.5⋅ = 1330.56 N Pull-through resistance
γM2
( )
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 592.96 N < Ft.Rd.min = 1,330.56 N
Shear
γR X.j
n
eb = 0.00 ⋅ mm Lever arm
 F t.Ed 
MRk = MRk'⋅  1 − = 7.82 N·m Reduced characteristic bending resistance
 1 αm⋅ MRk 
min ⋅ , F v.Rd' if eb otherwise
 γM2 e + 10− 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 851.96 N < Fv.Rd = 2,772.17 N

Page I - 49
Bearing
Fb.Ed = Fv.Ed = 851.96⋅ N Factored bearing load
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 851.96 N < Fb.Rd = 4,032.00 N
Combined Load
F v.Rd 1.40 ⋅ Ft.Rd

CR2 = + = 0.66
(
Comparing,
CR = 0.66 < 1.00


Page I - 50
Chapter 2:
Analysis of Multiple Span Window Brackets

Page II - 1
SECTION 2.01
LOAD CALCULATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE MULTIPLE SPAN WINDOW BRACKETS

Hop = 1120.00 mm Height of operable panels

Hfx = 950.00 mm Height of fixed panels
Hp = Hop + Hfx = 2070.00 mm Total height of panel
 702.50 
Wp =    mm Width of panels
 759.20 
 min 0.5 Hop , 0.5 Wp  
  1   351.25  Tributary widths on operable panels for trapezoidal
 min 0.5 Hop , 0.5 Wp    379.60 
tw.op = = mm
loading
  2 
 min 0.5 Hfx , 0.5 Wp  

  1   351.25 
 min 0.5 H , 0.5 W    379.60 
tw.fx = = mm Tributary widths on fixed panels for trapezoidal loading
fx p2
  
 min 0.5 Hp , 0.5 Wp  
  1   351.25 
 min 0.5 H , 0.5 W    379.60 
tw.p = = mm Tributary widths on whole panel
p p2
  

Page II - 2
· Wind Load
q = 1.33 kPa Characteristic wind pressure
Load Factors
Reactions from Trapezoidal Loading

sf.hs = 300.00 mm Head and sill frame fastener spacing
sf.j = 600.00 mm Jamb frame fastener spacing
 210.22  Factored reactions on head and sill frame fasteners due

γR X.op.hs = γQ q tw.op sf.hs =  N to trapezoidal loading on operable frames
 227.19 
 210.22  Factored reactions on head and sill frame fasteners due
γR X.fx.hs = γQ q tw.fx sf.hs =  N to trapezoidal loading on fixed frames
 227.19 
 420.45  Factored reactions on jamb frame fasteners due to
γR X.op.j = γQ q tw.op sf.j =  N trapezoidal loading on operable frames
 454.38 
 420.45  Factored reactions on jamb frame fasteners due to
γR X.fx.j = γQ q tw.fx sf.j =  N trapezoidal loading on fixed frames
 454.38 
Concentrated Loads along Mullions at Transom Locations
γQ q  
 0.5 Wp tw.op + tw.fx 
( ) Factored reactions on frame fasteners due to
γR X.transom =
2   concentrated load at transom locations
 246.14 
γR X.transom =  N
 287.47 
Concentrated Loads at Mullion Locations
 
γR X.mullion = γQ q tw.p Hp - tw.p 
( ) Factored reactions on frame fasteners due to
  concentrated load at mullion locations
 1204.40 
γR X.mullion =  N
 1280.14 
Total Reaction
( )
γR X.hs = max γR X.op.hs , γR X.fx.hs + max γR X.mullion ( )
γR X.hs = 1507.33 N Maximum reaction on head and sill frame fasteners
been added for consevative an alysis
( )
γR X.j = max γR X.op.j , γR X.fx.j + max γR X.transom ( ) Maximum reaction on jamb frame fasteners
γR X.j = 741.85 N been added for consevative an alysis

Page II - 3
SECTION 2.02
(FRAME TO SHEET)
Drawing Reference: JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-2002 (SKETCH)
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page II - 4
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page II - 5

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 0.66 
ad =  
 6.94 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 0.66 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 260.00 

Page II - 6
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 3546.67 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 3744.00 
(
Bending Resistance
1
( 3
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 10.86 mm
4
)3
Section modulus
· Load Parameters
Refer to Section 2.01 Load Calculation for the Analysis o f the Multip le Span Wind ow Brackets
γR X.hs = 1507.33 N Maximum factored reaction on head and sill frame

fasteners along global x-axis
· Applied Loads
Tension
Number of fasteners
n = 1.00
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
-1
Fpo.Rd = 0.45 if <1
γM2 sp.o

0.65 otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 673.92 N

Page II - 7

head fasteners
1
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
γM2
( )
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 0.00 N < Ft.Rd.min = 673.92 N
Shear
γR X.hs
n
 4.00 
 1.50 
eb = tgap + 0.5
 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 1,507.33 N < Fv.Rd = 2,012.73 N

Page II - 8
Bearing
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 1,507.33 N < Fb.Rd = 3,546.67 N
Combined Load

CR2 = + = 0.42
(
Comparing,
CR = 0.75 < 1.00

Page II - 9
SECTION 2.03
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE HEAD AND SILL BRACKET ALUMINUM SHEET
i.e., Welded, None
IV = Fixed - Roller
VI = Fixed - Free

b = 300.00 mm Gross width of critical section (fastener spacing)
2

Page II - 10
Connection Details

dh = 7.19 mm
 50.00   0.00 
zf =   mm yf =   mm Fastener distances from the centroid of critical section
 50.00   0.00 
2
1 3 1 2
  12 dh t + dht zfnf 
3
Iy = b t - Moment of inertia about the strong axis using net area
12
nf
4
Iy = 8856002.46 mm
1  1  d  t3 + d t y 2

3
Iz =  b t -  h h  fnf  Moment of inertia about the weak axis using net area
12  12  
nf
4
Iz = 1523.33 mm
Iy
3
0.50 b
Iz
3
0.50 t
  dhtzfnf = 87125.00mm
2 3
nf
 2
  0.25dht  = 1142.50mm
2 3
nf
  ( 0.5 t) 
0.5 t
4
3  16 
It = 0.5b ( 0.5 t)  - 3.36  1- Torsion constant
3 0.5 b  4
  12  ( 0.5  b ) 
4
It = 6346.24 mm
Iz
Ag

Page II - 11
250 MPa
fo


 0.80  if ( ψ < -1)

 
 1 - ψ
b
t
β2 = 24.87
β3 = 27.14
2 if β1 < βy  β2
3 if β2 < βy  β3
4 if β3 < βy

Page II - 12


γM2 = 1.25
Shear Capacity
1 fo
γM1 3
Buckling Resistance
b
t
Classv = "Slender"
2
2
  fu 
  fo 

t Ea

0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if < λw < 0.937
λw η
2.3
if 0.937  λw
(1.66 + λw)

Page II - 13
0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw
λw η
"Check" otherwise
Tension Capacity
2
-1
(
Nt.u.Rd = 0.9 An  fu γM2 ) -1
Effective Area

C2 = 198.00
  2
ρc.y = C  ε  β - 1 - C   ε  β - 1  if β > β
 1 y  2 y  y 3
1.00 otherwise
2

Nc.u.Rd =  An fu = 127960.00 N
γM2 holes

γM1

Page II - 14
Buckling Resistance


0.00 if BC = "B"
0.32 if BC = "B"
2
2


r z π Ag Ea
ϕB = 0.50 1 + αB λB - λ0.B + λB  = 18.65


ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 B B B 
1.00 otherwise
χB = 0.03

γM1

Page II - 15
Bending Capacity
Strong Axis Bending
1 2 3
6
3
3
Wpl.y
Wel.y
  Wpl.y   Wpl.y 

β3 - βy
min1 + 
-1 , if Class y = 3

β3 - β2  Wel.y   Wel.y 

 Wel.eff.y   Wpl.y 
 Wel.y   Wel.y 
"Check" otherwise
αy = 0.97
1
γM2
1
γM1

4
2
(k Lb) 2 2
π  Ea Iz
Buckling Resistance

Mcr


Page II - 16


ϕLT = 4.73
 1 
χLT = min , 1.00 if λLT > 0.40
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 LT LT LT 
1.00 if λLT  0.40


1
γM1
Mb.Rd.y = 674.44 N·m
Weak Axis Bending

3
3
Wpl.z Shape factor
αz = = 1.50
Wel.z
1
γM2
1
γM1

Page II - 17
· Load Parameters
γR X.hs = 1507.33 N Factored reaction at mullion locations along global x-axis
· Applied Loads
Shear
Torsional Shear

b' = 0.50 t = 2.00 mm
3  Mτ 2 3
b'  
4
 b'   b'   b'  
VEd.τ =  1 + 0.6095   + 0.8865   - 1.8023   + 0.9100   

2  a a a a
8 a b'
Direct Shear
VEd.d
Av
VEd.d
ρv bw t

Comparing,
VEd = 0.00 MPa < VRd = 57.74 MPa


Page II - 18
Tension

  Ed   VEd
ρo.V = 1 - 2 - 1  if  0.50
  VRd   VRd
1.00 otherwise
ρo.V = 1.00
Nt.Rd = (
"Check" otherwise
Nt.Rd = 115164.00 N
Comparing,
Nt.Ed = 1,507.33 N < Nt.Rd = 115,164.00 N
Compression
holes
(
Comparing,
N c.Ed = 1,507.33 N < N c.Rd = 3,159.26 N

Strong Axis Bending

( )
Comparing,
MEd.y = 0.00 N-m < MRd.y = 674.44 N-m


Page II - 19
Weak Axis Bending

MEd.z = γR X.hs eY = 53.51 N·m Factored weak axis bending moment
( )
Comparing,
MEd.z = 53.51 N-m < MRd.z = 85.31 N-m

Combined Forces
"Check" otherwise
"Check" otherwise
Ψ = 2.00
 N Ψ Ψ
 c.Ed   Nt.Ed  
 ωo Nc.Rd   ωo Nt.Rd  
0.6
 M 1.7 1.7
   M 
Ed.z  
+ 
Ed.y 
+ 
  
 ωo MRd.y   ωo MRd.z  
"Check" otherwise
Comparing,
CR = 0.85 < 1.00

Page II - 20
SECTION 2.04
(SHEET TO STUD FRAMING)
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page II - 21
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2 thickness)
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page II - 22

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 1.74 
ad =  
 6.69 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 1.00 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 430.00 

Page II - 23
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 5376.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 8256.00 
(
Bending Resistance
1
( 3
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 10.86 mm
4
)
3
Section modulus
· Load Parameters
γR X.hs = 1507.33 N Factored reaction at mullion locations along global x-axis
· Applied Loads
Tension
6 1 γR X.hs eY
5 n dc
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
-1
Fpo.Rd = 0.45 if <1
γM2 sp.o

0.65 otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 2146.56 N

Page II - 24

head fasteners
1
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
γM2
( )
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 1,428.95 N < Ft.Rd.min = 1,774.08 N
Shear
γR X.hs
n
 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 753.67 N < Fv.Rd = 2,772.17 N

Page II - 25
Bearing
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 753.67 N < Fb.Rd = 5,376.00 N
Combined Load

CR2 = + = 0.95
(
Comparing,
CR = 0.95 < 1.00

Page II - 26
SECTION 2.05
SHEET)
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page II - 27
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page II - 28

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 0.73 
ad =  
 6.94 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 0.73 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 260.00 

Page II - 29
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 2940.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 3744.00 
(
Bending Resistance
1
( 3
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 10.86 mm
4
)3
Section modulus
· Load Parameters

x-axis
· Applied Loads
Tension
Number of fasteners
n = 1.00
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
-1
Fpo.Rd = 0.45 if <1
γM2 sp.o

0.65 otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 673.92 N

Page II - 30

head fasteners
1
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
γM2
( )
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 0.00 N < Ft.Rd.min = 673.92 N
Shear
γR X.j
n
 3.00 
 1.50 
eb = tgap + 0.5
 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 741.85 N < Fv.Rd = 2,161.82 N

Page II - 31
Bearing
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 741.85 N < Fb.Rd = 2,940.00 N
Combined Load

CR2 = + = 0.25
(
Comparing,
CR = 0.34 < 1.00

Page II - 32
SECTION 2.06
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE JAMB BRACKET ALUMINUM SHEET

i.e., Welded, None
IV = Fixed - Roller
VI = Fixed - Free

( )
2

Page II - 33
Connection Details

dh = 7.19 mm

2
1 3  1  d 3 t + d  t z 2
Iy =
12
b t -
 
 12
h h  fnf 
 
nf
4
Iy = 35355097.42 mm
1 1 2
  12 dht
3 3
12 nf 
nf
4
Iz = 1156.08 mm
Iy
3
0.50 b
Iz
3
0.50 t
  dhtzfnf = 203580.75mm
2 3
nf
 2
  0.25dht  = 1156.08mm
2 3
nf
 0.5 t  ( 0.5 t)
4
3 16
 1-
3 0.5 b  4
  12 ( 0.5 b) 
4
It = 4671.99 mm
Iz
Ag

Page II - 34
250 MPa
fo


 0.80  if ( ψ < -1)

 
 1 - ψ
b
t
β2 = 24.87
β3 = 27.14
2 if β1 < βy  β2
3 if β2 < βy  β3
4 if β3 < βy

Page II - 35


γM2 = 1.25
Shear Capacity
1 fo
γM1 3
Buckling Resistance
b
t
Classv = "Slender"
2
2
  fu 
  fo 

t Ea

0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if < λw < 0.937
λw η
2.3
if 0.937  λw
(1.66 + λw)

Page II - 36
0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw
λw η
"Check" otherwise
Tension Capacity
2
-1
( )
-1
Effective Area

C2 = 198.00
  2
ρc.y = C  ε  β - 1 - C   ε  β - 1  if β > β
 1 y  2 y  y 3
1.00 otherwise
2

Nc.u.Rd =  An fu = 172641.00 N
γM2 holes

γM1

Page II - 37
Buckling Resistance


0.00 if BC = "B"
0.32 if BC = "B"
2
2


r z π Ag Ea
ϕB = 0.50 1 + αB λB - λ0.B + λB  = 18.64


ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 B B B 
1.00 otherwise
χB = 0.03

γM1

Page II - 38
Bending Capacity
Strong Axis Bending
1 2 3
6
3
3
Wpl.y
Wel.y
  Wpl.y   Wpl.y 

β3 - βy
min1 + 
-1 , if Class y = 3

β3 - β2  Wel.y   Wel.y 

 Wel.eff.y   Wpl.y 
 Wel.y   Wel.y 
"Check" otherwise
αy = 0.54
1
γM2
1
γM1

4
2
(k Lb) 2 2
π  Ea Iz
Buckling Resistance

Mcr


Page II - 39


ϕLT = 7.71
 1 
χLT = min , 1.00 if λLT > 0.40
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 LT LT LT 
1.00 if λLT  0.40


1
γM1
Mb.Rd.y = 502.53 N·m
Weak Axis Bending

3
3
Wpl.z Shape factor
αz = = 1.50
Wel.z
1
γM2
1
γM1

Page II - 40
· Load Parameters

x-axis
· Applied Loads
Shear
Torsional Shear

b' = 0.50 t = 1.50 mm
3  Mτ 2 3
b'  
4
 b'   b'   b'  
VEd.τ =  1 + 0.6095   + 0.8865   - 1.8023   + 0.9100   

2  a a a a
8 a b'
Direct Shear
VEd.d
Av
VEd.d
ρv bw t

Comparing,
VEd = 0.00 MPa < VRd = 57.74 MPa


Page II - 41
Tension
Nt.Ed = γR X.j = 741.85 N Factored tensile load

  Ed   VEd
ρo.V = 1 - 2 - 1  if  0.50
  VRd   VRd
1.00 otherwise
ρo.V = 1.00
Nt.Rd = (
"Check" otherwise
Nt.Rd = 155376.90 N
Comparing,
Nt.Ed = 741.85 N < Nt.Rd = 155,376.90 N
Compression
Nc.Ed = γR X.j = 741.85 N Factored compressive load
holes
(
Comparing,
N c.Ed = 741.85 N < N c.Rd = 2,306.22 N

Strong Axis Bending

( )
Comparing,
MEd.y = 0.00 N-m < MRd.y = 502.53 N-m


Page II - 42
Weak Axis Bending

MEd.z = γR X.j eZ = 8.16 N·m Factored weak axis bending moment
( )
Comparing,
MEd.z = 8.16 N-m < MRd.z = 86.32 N-m

Combined Forces
"Check" otherwise
"Check" otherwise
Ψ = 2.00
 N Ψ Ψ
 c.Ed   Nt.Ed  
 ωo Nc.Rd   ωo Nt.Rd  
0.6
 M 1.7 1.7
   M 
Ed.z  
+ 
Ed.y 
+ 
  
 ωo MRd.y   ωo MRd.z  
"Check" otherwise
Comparing,
CR = 0.19 < 1.00

Page II - 43
SECTION 2.07
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE JAMB BRACKET STAINLESS STEEL FASTENER (SHEET TO
STUD FRAMING)
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page II - 44
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2 thickness)
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page II - 45

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 1.74 
ad =  
 6.94 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 1.00 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 430.00 

Page II - 46
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 4032.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 8256.00 
(
Bending Resistance
1
( 3
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 10.86 mm
4
)
3
Section modulus
· Load Parameters

x-axis
· Applied Loads
Tension
6 1 γR X.j eZ
5 n dc
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
-1
Fpo.Rd = 0.45 if <1
γM2 sp.o

0.65 otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 2146.56 N

Page II - 47

head fasteners
1
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
γM2
( )
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 516.33 N < Ft.Rd.min = 1,330.56 N
Shear
γR X.j
n
 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 741.85 N < Fv.Rd = 2,772.17 N

Page II - 48
Bearing
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 741.85 N < Fb.Rd = 4,032.00 N
Combined Load

CR2 = + = 0.57
(
Comparing,
CR = 0.57 < 1.00

Page II - 49
Chapter 3:
Analysis of Type W-K Window Brackets

Page III - 1
SECTION 3.01
LOAD CALCULATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE TYPE W-K WINDOW BRACKETS

Wface = 740.00 mm Panel width of protruding face

Wside.d = 275.00 mm Frame width at sides
Wside.w = 300.00 mm Panel width exposed to wind at sides
Hop = 1025.00 mm Height of operable panels
Hfx = 857.00 mm Height of fixed panels
Hp = Hop + Hfx = 1882.00 mm Total height of panels

Page III - 2
· Dead Load
Glass
Drawing Reference:
JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-1002
Drawing Reference: Drawing Reference: Drawing Reference:

JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-1002 JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-1002 JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-2008
Hg.op = 883.00 mm Height of operable glass panel

Wg.op = 387.00 mm Width of operable glass panel
Hg.fx = 761.00 mm Height of fixed glass panel
Wg.fx = 509.00 mm Width of fixed glass panel
tg = ( 9.50 + 6.00 + 6.00)  mm = 21.50 mm Glass thickness
kgf
ρg = 2498.00 Density of glass
3
m
(
DLg.face = ρg tg Hg.op Wg.op + Hg.fx Wg.fx ) Dead load of glass at face panel
DLg.face = 383.99 N

Page III - 3
Aluminum
Face Panel
2 Cross-sectional area of vertical operable frame
Aface.op.ver = 3801.64 mm
extrusions
2 Cross-sectional area of horizontal operable frame
Ahor.op = 1406.27 mm
extrusions
2
Aface.fx.ver = 2560.07 mm Cross-sectional area of vertical fixed frame extrusions
2
Ahor.fx = 1362.83 mm Cross-sectional area of horizontal fixed frame extrusions
kgf
ρa = 2700.00 Density of aluminum
3
m
( )
DLa.face = ρa Hop Aface.op.ver + Hfx Aface.fx.ver + Wface Ahor.op + Ahor.fx 
 
DLa.face = 215.53 N Dead load of aluminum extrusions at face panel
Side Panel
2
Aside.ver = 2832.28 mm Cross-sectional area of vertical side panel extrusions
( ) (
DLa.side = ρa  Hop + Hfx  Aside.ver + Wside.d Ahor.op + Ahor.fx 
 )
DLa.side = 161.30 N Dead load of aluminum extrusions at side panels

Page III - 4
Insulation
Wins = 162.00 mm Width of insulation

tins = 46.00 mm Insulation thickness
kgf
ρins = 125.00 Density of insulation
3
m
DLins.side = ρins Wins tins Hp = 17.19 N Dead load of insulation at side panels
Total Dead Load

SF = 1.10 Safety factor to take into consideration weight of
accessories and other components
( )
DLface = SF DLg.face + DL a.face = 659.47 N Total dead load of face panel
( )
DLside = SF DLa.side + DL ins.side = 196.34 N Total dead load of side panel

Page III - 5
· Wind Load
q = 1.33 kPa Characteristic wind pressure
Jamb Brackets
sf.j = 600.00 mm Jamb frame fastener spacing
nside = 2 Number of side panels
nsupp = 2 Number of supports of idealized portal frame
Wface = 740.00 mm Panel width of protruding face
Wside.w = 300.00 mm Panel width exposed to wind at sides
W 2
 face nside Wside.w  Reaction along global x-axis on supports of idealized
RX.j = q  +   sf.j = 489.37 N
nsupp Wface portal frame
 
Reaction along global z-axis on supports of idealized
RZ.j = q Wside.w sf.j = 239.40 N
portal frame
Head and Sill Frame Fasteners

sf.hs = 300.00 mm Head and sill frame fastener spacing
Hp = 1882.00 mm Total height of panels
( )
tw.face = min 0.5 Hp , 0.5 Wface = 370.00 mm Tributary width on face panel for trapezoidal loading
( )
tw.side = min 0.5 Hp , 0.5 Wside.w = 150.00 mm Tributary width on side panel for trapezoidal loading
RXZ.trap = q max( tw.face , tw.side)  sf.hs = 147.63 N Reaction on frame fasteners due to trapezoidal loading
q max( tw.face , tw.side)  ( Hp - max( tw.face , tw.side) )
RXZ.mullion =
2
RXZ.mullion = 372.03 N Reaction on frame fasteners due to concentrated load at
mullion locations
RXZ.hs = RXZ.trap + RXZ.mullion = 519.66 N Maximum reaction on head and sill frame fasteners
been added for conservative analysis
Head and Sill Brackets
 Hp  Reaction along global x-axis due to wind load on face

RX.hs = q  W = 926.13 N
 2  face panel
 Hp  Reaction along global z-axis due to wind load on side

RZ.hs = q    Wside.w = 375.46 N
 2 panels

Page III - 6
SECTION 3.02
FOLDED SHEET)
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page III - 7
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page III - 8

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 1.04 
ad =  
 6.94 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 1.00 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 260.00 

Page III - 9
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 8064.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 3993.60 
(
Bending Resistance
1 3
(
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 10.86 mm
4
3
) Section modulus
· Load Parameters
Refer to Section 3.01 Load Calculation for the Analysis o f the Type W-K Window Brackets
RX.j = 489.37 N Reaction along global x-axis

RZ.j = 239.40 N Reaction along global z-axis
Load Factors
Design Action
γR X.j = γQ RX.j = 734.06 N Factored reaction along global x-axis

γR Z.j = γQ RZ.j = 359.10 N Factored reaction along global z-axis
· Applied Loads
Tension
Number of fasteners
n = 1.00
γR Z.j
Ft.Ed = = 359.10 N Factored tensile load
n

Page III - 10
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
-1
Fpo.Rd = 0.45 if <1
γM2 sp.o

0.65 otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 1038.34 N

head fasteners
1
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
γM2
( )
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 359.10 N < Ft.Rd.min = 1,038.34 N

Page III - 11
Shear
γR X.j
n
 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 734.06 N < Fv.Rd = 2,772.17 N
Bearing
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 734.06 N < Fb.Rd = 3,993.60 N
Combined Load

CR2 = + = 0.53
(

Comparing,
CR = 0.53 < 1.00

Page III - 12
SECTION 3.03
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE JAMB BRACKET ALUMINUM FOLDED SHEET

i.e., Welded, None
IV = Fixed - Roller
VI = Fixed - Free

( )
2

Page III - 13
Connection Details

dh = 7.19 mm

2
1 3  1  d 3 t + d  t z 2
Iy =
12
b t -
 
 12
h h  fnf 
 
nf
4
Iy = 94559426.35 mm
1 1 2
  12 dht
3 3
12 nf 
nf
4
Iz = 10202.62 mm
Iy
3
0.50 b
Iz
3
0.50 t
  dhtzfnf = 494214.00mm
2 3
nf
 2
  0.25dht  = 5101.31mm
2 3
nf
 0.5 t  ( 0.5 t)
4
3 16
 1-
3 0.5 b  4
  12 ( 0.5 b) 
4
It = 41055.84 mm
Iz
Ag

Page III - 14
250 MPa
fo


 0.80  if ( ψ < -1)

 
 1 - ψ
b
t
β2 = 24.87
β3 = 27.14
2 if β1 < βy  β2
3 if β2 < βy  β3
4 if β3 < βy

Page III - 15


γM2 = 1.25
Shear Capacity
1 fo
γM1 3
Buckling Resistance
b
t
Classv = "Slender"
2
2
  fu 
  fo 

t Ea

0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if < λw < 0.937
λw η
2.3
if 0.937  λw
(1.66 + λw)

Page III - 16
0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw
λw η
"Check" otherwise
Tension Capacity
2
-1
( )
-1
Effective Area

C2 = 198.00
  2
ρc.y = C  ε  β - 1 - C   ε  β - 1  if β > β
 1 y  2 y  y 3
1.00 otherwise
2

Nc.u.Rd =  An fu = 380898.00 N
γM2 holes

γM1

Page III - 17
Buckling Resistance


0.00 if BC = "B"
0.32 if BC = "B"
2
2


r z π Ag Ea
ϕB = 0.50 1 + αB λB - λ0.B + λB  = 0.62


ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 B B B 
1.00 otherwise
χB = 0.89

γM1

Page III - 18
Bending Capacity
Strong Axis Bending
1 2 3
6
3
3
Wpl.y
Wel.y
  Wpl.y   Wpl.y 

β3 - βy
min1 + 
-1 , if Class y = 3

β3 - β2  Wel.y   Wel.y 

 Wel.eff.y   Wpl.y 
 Wel.y   Wel.y 
"Check" otherwise
αy = 0.84
1
γM2
1
γM1

4
2
(k Lb) 2 2
π  Ea Iz
Buckling Resistance

Mcr


Page III - 19


ϕLT = 0.82
 1 
χLT = min , 1.00 if λLT > 0.40
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 LT LT LT 
1.00 if λLT  0.40


1
γM1
Mb.Rd.y = 24114.81 N·m
Weak Axis Bending

3
3
Wpl.z Shape factor
αz = = 1.50
Wel.z
1
γM2
1
γM1

Page III - 20
· Load Parameters
Refer to Section 3.02 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Frame to Folded Sheet)
γR X.j = 734.06 N Factored reaction along global x-axis

γR Z.j = 359.10 N Factored reaction along global z-axis
· Applied Loads
Shear
Torsional Shear

b' = 0.50 t = 3.00 mm
3  Mτ  2 3
b'  
4
 b'   b'   b'  
VEd.τ =  1 + 0.6095   + 0.8865   - 1.8023   + 0.9100   

2  a a a a
8 a b'
Direct Shear
VEd.d = γR X.j = 734.06 N Factored direct shear
VEd.d
Av
VEd.d
ρv bw t
VEd = 0.34 MPa Factored shear stress

Comparing,
VEd = 0.34 MPa < VRd = 57.74 MPa

Page III - 21
Tension
Nt.Ed = γR Z.j = 359.10 N Factored tensile load

  Ed   VEd
ρo.V = 1 - 2 - 1  if  0.50
  VRd   VRd
1.00 otherwise
ρo.V = 1.00
Nt.Rd = (
"Check" otherwise
Nt.Rd = 342808.20 N
Comparing,
Nt.Ed = 359.10 N < Nt.Rd = 342,808.20 N
Compression
Nc.Ed = γR Z.j = 359.10 N Factored compressive load
holes
(
Comparing,
N c.Ed = 359.10 N < N c.Rd = 255,348.55 N

Strong Axis Bending

(
MRd.y = min Mu.Rd.y , Mo.Rd.y , Mb.Rd.y ) Moment capacity for strong axis bending
MRd.y = 24114.81 N·m
Comparing,
MEd.y = 0.00 N-m < MRd.y = 24,114.81 N-m


Page III - 22
Weak Axis Bending

eX = 262.00 mm Load eccentricities
eZ = 25.00 mm
MEd.z = γR X.j eZ + γR Z.j eX = 112.44 N·m Factored weak axis bending moment
( )
Comparing,
MEd.z = 112.44 N-m < MRd.z = 380.90 N-m
Combined Forces
"Check" otherwise
"Check" otherwise
Ψ = 2.00
 N Ψ Ψ
 c.Ed   Nt.Ed  
 ωo Nc.Rd   ωo Nt.Rd  
0.6
 M 1.7 1.7
   M 
Ed.z  
+ 
Ed.y 
+ 
  
 ωo MRd.y   ωo MRd.z  
"Check" otherwise
Comparing,
CR = 0.29 < 1.00
• THUS, THE ALUMINUM FOLDED SHEET IS STRUCTURALLY ADEQUATE.

Page III - 23
SECTION 3.04
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE JAMB BRACKET STAINLESS STEEL FASTENER (FOLDED
SHEET TO STUD FRAMING)
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page III - 24
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2 thickness)
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page III - 25

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 1.74 
ad =  
 3.22 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 1.00 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 430.00 

Page III - 26
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 8064.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 12384.00 
(
Bending Resistance
1
( 3
)
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 10.86 mm
4
3
Section modulus
· Load Parameters
Refer to Section 3.02 Load Capacity Analysis of the Jamb Bracket Stainless Steel Fastener (Frame to Folded Sheet)
γR X.j = 734.06 N Factored reaction along global x-axis

γR Z.j = 359.10 N Factored reaction along global z-axis
· Applied Loads
Tension
Number of fasteners
n = 2.00
Depth of compression blocks
dc.in = ( 50.00 + 13.00)  mm = 63.00 mm
dc.out = ( 50.00 + 25.00)  mm = 75.00 mm
eX = 266.00 mm Load eccentricities
eZ = 25.00 mm
-γR X.j 6 γR X.j eZ + γR Z.j eX
Ft.Ed.in = +  Factored tensile load due to counter-clockwise moment
n 5 dc.in
Ft.Ed.in = 1801.96 N
γR X.j 6 γR X.j eZ + γR Z.j eX
Ft.Ed.out = +  Factored tensile load due to clockwise moment
n 5 dc.out
Ft.Ed.out = 2188.98 N
(
Ft.Ed = max F t.Ed.in , F t.Ed.out = 2188.98 N ) Governing factored tensile load

Page III - 27
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
-1
Fpo.Rd = 0.45 if <1
γM2 sp.o

0.65 otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 3219.84 N

head fasteners
1
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
γM2
( )
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 2,188.98 N < Ft.Rd.min = 2,661.12 N

Page III - 28
Shear
1 γR Z.j
Fv.Ed =  = 179.55 N Total factored shear on a single fastener
nv n
 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 179.55 N < Fv.Rd = 2,772.17 N
Bearing
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 179.55 N < Fb.Rd = 8,064.00 N
Combined Load

CR2 = + = 0.84
(
Comparing,
CR = 0.84 < 1.00

Page III - 29
SECTION 3.05
(FRAME TO SHEET)
Fastener
i.e., CS, A2, A4
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page III - 30
Base Material
First Base Metal

1
1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page III - 31

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 1.74 
ad =  
 6.94 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 1.00 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 260.00 

Page III - 32
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 10752.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 3744.00 
(
Bending Resistance
1
( 3
)
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 10.86 mm
4
3
Section modulus
· Load Parameters
RXZ.hs = 519.66 N Factored reaction on head and sill frame fasteners
Load Factors
Design Actions
γR XZ.hs = γQ RXZ.hs = 779.49 N Factored reaction on head and sill frame fasteners
· Applied Loads
Tension
Number of fasteners
n = 1.00
Pull-out Resistance

2
2
-1
Fpo.Rd = 0.45 if <1
γM2 sp.o

0.65 otherwise
γM2
Fpo.Rd = 673.92 N

Page III - 33

head fasteners
1
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
γM2
( )
Comparing,
F t.Ed = 0.00 N < F t.Rd.min = 673.92 N
Since the factored tension is less than the tension capacity,
TENSION IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.
Shear
γR XZ.hs
n
 8.00 
 1.50 
eb = tgap + 0.5
 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 779.49 N < F v.Rd = 1,577.54 N
Since the factored shear is less than the shear capacity,
SHEAR IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.

Page III - 34
Bearing

Comparing,
F b.Ed = 779.49 N < F b.Rd = 3,744.00 N
Since the factored bearing load is less than the bearing capacity,
BEARING LOAD IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.
Combined Load

CR2 = + = 0.21
(
Comparing,
CR = 0.49 < 1.00
Since the combined force ratio is less than 1.00,
COMBINED FORCE IS WITHIN THE CAPACITY.

Page III - 35
SECTION 3.06.01
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE HEAD AND SILL BRACKET ALUMINUM SHEET (OPTION 1)
i.e., Welded, None
IV = Fixed - Roller
VI = Fixed - Free

b = 740.00 mm Gross width of critical section
Taken as frame width
2

Page III - 36
Connection Details
dh = 8.39 mm
 300.00   0.00 
   
 180.00   0.00 
 60.00   0.00 
 60.00   0.00 
 180.00   0.00 
   
 300.00   0.00 
2
1 3  1  d 3 t + d  t z 2
Iy =
12
b t -
 
 12
h h  fnf 
 
nf
4
Iy = 253237773.09 mm
1  1  d  t3 + d t y 2

3
Iz =  b t -  h  fnf  Moment of inertia about the weak axis using net area
12 12 h  
nf
4
Iz = 29426.13 mm
Iy
3
0.50 b
Iz
3
0.50 t
  dhtzfnf = 1022732.00mm
2 3
nf
 2
  0.25dht  = 11034.80mm
2 3
nf

Page III - 37
 
0.5 t( 0.5 t) 
4
3  16 
3 0.5 b  4
  12  ( 0.5  b ) 
4
It = 125433.17 mm
Iz
Ag
250 MPa
fo


 0.80  if ( ψ < -1)

 
 1 - ψ
b
t
β2 = 24.87
β3 = 27.14
2 if β1 < βy  β2
3 if β2 < βy  β3
4 if β3 < βy

Page III - 38


γM2 = 1.25
Shear Capacity
1 fo
γM1 3
Buckling Resistance
b
t
Classv = "Slender"
2
2
  fu 
  fo 

t Ea

0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if < λw < 0.937
λw η
2.3
if 0.937  λw
(1.66 + λw)

Page III - 39
0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw
λw η
"Check" otherwise
Tension Capacity
2
-1
(
Nt.u.Rd = 0.9 An  fu γM2 ) -1
Effective Area

C2 = 198.00
  2
ρc.y = C  ε  β - 1 - C   ε  β - 1  if β > β
 1 y  2 y  y 3
1.00 otherwise
2

Nc.u.Rd =  An fu = 617948.80 N
γM2 holes

γM1

Page III - 40
Buckling Resistance


0.00 if BC = "B"
0.32 if BC = "B"
2
2


r z π Ag Ea
ϕB = 0.50 1 + αB λB - λ0.B + λB  = 11.09


ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 B B B 
1.00 otherwise
χB = 0.05

γM1

Page III - 41
Bending Capacity
Strong Axis Bending
1 2 3
6
3
3
Wpl.y
Wel.y
  Wpl.y   Wpl.y 

β3 - βy
min1 + 
-1 , if Class y = 3

β3 - β2  Wel.y   Wel.y 

 Wel.eff.y   Wpl.y 
 Wel.y   Wel.y 
"Check" otherwise
αy = 0.91
1
γM2
1
γM1

4
2
(k Lb) 2 2
π  Ea Iz
Buckling Resistance

Mcr


Page III - 42


ϕLT = 4.24
 1 
χLT = min , 1.00 if λLT > 0.40
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 LT LT LT 
1.00 if λLT  0.40


1
γM1
Mb.Rd.y = 8259.03 N·m
Weak Axis Bending

3
3
Wpl.z Shape factor
αz = = 1.50
Wel.z
1
γM2
1
γM1

Page III - 43
· Load Parameters
DLface = 659.47 N Total dead load of face panel

DLside = 196.34 N Total dead load of side panel
RX.hs = 926.13 N Reaction along global x-axis due to wind load on face
panel
RZ.hs = 375.46 N Reaction along global z-axis due to wind load on side
panels
Load Factors
γG = 1.35 Partial factor for permanent actions

Design Action
γR X.hs = γQ RX.hs = 1389.19 N Factored reaction along global x-axis
γR Z.hs = γQ RZ.hs = 563.19 N Factored reaction along global z-axis
γR Y.face = γG DLface = 890.28 N Factored dead load of face panel
γR Y.side = γG DLside = 265.06 N Factored dead load of side panels
Eccentricities Due to Loads on Side Panels

Wside.d = 275.00 mm Frame width at sides
Wside.d
dpanel = = 68.75 mm Location of dead load application of side panels
4 Assumed to act at quarter-poin ts of the side frame width

Page III - 44
eX.Y.face = 380.00 mm Load eccentricities

eX.Y.side.1 = 298.50 mm
eX.Y.side.2 = 163.00 mm
eX.Z = 297.00 mm
eY = 8.50 mm
· Applied Loads
Shear
Torsional Shear

b' = 0.50 t = 4.00 mm
3  Mτ  2 3  4
 b'  + 0.8865  b'  - 1.8023  b'  + 0.9100  b'  
VEd.τ =  1 + 0.6095        
8 a b'
2  a a a a

Page III - 45
Direct Shear
(
VEd.d = γR Y.face + nside  γR Y.side )2 + (nside γRZ.hs)2
VEd.d = 1812.81 N Factored direct shear
VEd.d
Av
VEd.d
ρv bw t

Comparing,
VEd = 0.47 MPa < VRd = 57.74 MPa

Tension

  Ed   VEd
ρo.V = 1 - 2 - 1  if  0.50
  VRd   VRd
1.00 otherwise
ρo.V = 1.00
Nt.Rd = (
"Check" otherwise
Nt.Rd = 556153.92 N
Comparing,
Nt.Ed = 1,389.20 N < Nt.Rd = 556,153.92 N

Page III - 46
Compression
holes
(
Comparing,
N c.Ed = 1,389.20 N < N c.Rd = 23,755.48 N

Strong Axis Bending

eX.Z = 297.00 mm Load eccentricity
MEd.y = nside  γR Z.hs eX.Z = 334.53 N·m Factored strong axis bending moment
(
MRd.y = 8259.03 N·m
Comparing,
MEd.y = 334.53 N-m < MRd.y = 8,259.03 N-m


Page III - 47
Weak Axis Bending

eX.Y.face = 380.00 mm Load eccentricities
eX.Y.side.1 = 298.50 mm
eX.Y.side.2 = 163.00 mm
eY = 8.50 mm
(
MEd.z = γR X.hs eY + γR Y.face eX.Y.face + γR Y.side eX.Y.side.1 + eX.Y.side.2 )
MEd.z = 472.44 N·m Factored weak axis bending moment
( )
Comparing,
MEd.z = 472.44 N-m < MRd.z = 823.93 N-m

Combined Forces
"Check" otherwise
"Check" otherwise
Ψ = 2.00
 N Ψ Ψ
 c.Ed   Nt.Ed  
CR = max , ... if Type = "Plate"  Type = "RHS"  Type = "CHS"
 ωo Nc.Rd   ωo Nt.Rd  
    
0.6
 M 1.7 1.7
 Ed.y   Ed.z  
M
+  +
 ωo MRd.z  
 ωo MRd.y 
"Check" otherwise
Comparing,
CR = 0.57 < 1.00

Page III - 48
· Vertical Deflection
RY.δ = DL face + nside  DL side = 1052.15 N Unfactored vertical reaction at support
(
MZ.δ = RX.hs eY + DLface eX.Y.face + DLside  eX.Y.side.1 + eX.Y.side.2 )
MZ.δ = 349.08 N·m Unfactored moment reaction at support
kgf
3
m
DL face eX.Y.face + DL side   eX.Y.side.1 + eX.Y.side.2

3 3 3 2 4
RX.hs eY Lb ρa b t Lb
 
δY = + +
3 Ea Iz 2 Ea Iz 8 Ea Iz
δY = 7.41 mm Total vertical deflection with respect to sheet support

Page III - 49
SECTION 3.06.02
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE HEAD AND SILL BRACKET STEEL PLATE (OPTION 2)
SS EN 1993-1-1 2005 - DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - GENERAL RULES AND RULES FOR BUILDINGS
Es = 210000.00 MPa Modulus of elasticity
ν = 0.30 Poisson ratio
Es
G= = 80769.23 MPa Shear modulus
2 ( 1 + ν)
Grade = "S 275" Steel grade
fy = 275.00 MPa Yield strength
IV = Fixed - Roller
VI = Fixed - Free

2

Page III - 50
Connection Details

Note: hole diameter is taken as 1/16 in. bigger than fastener diameter.
dh = 8.39 mm
 300.00   0.00 
   
 180.00   0.00 
 60.00   0.00 
 60.00   0.00 
 180.00   0.00 
   
 300.00   0.00 
2
1 3 1 2
  12 dh t + dht zfnf 
3
12
nf
4
Iy = 253237773.09 mm
1  1  d  t3 + d t y 2

3
12  12  
nf
4
Iz = 29426.13 mm
Iy
3
0.50b
Iz
3
0.50t
  dhtzfnf = 1022732.00mm
2 3
nf
 2
  0.25dht  = 11034.80mm
2 3
nf

Page III - 51
 0.5t 
4 
It = 0.5b ( 0.5t)   - 3.36 
3 16 ( 0.5t)
 1- Torsion constant
3 0.5b  4
  12 ( 0.5 b) 
4
It = 125433.17 mm
Iz
Ag

b = 740.00 mm Width depth
t = 8.00 mm Section thickness
b
λ= = 92.50 Element slenderness
t
235 MPa
fy
Class = if Type = "Plate" = 4.00 Section classification

1 if λ  33ε
2 if 33ε < λ  38ε
3 if 38ε < λ  42ε
4 if 42ε < λ
"Check" otherwise

Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clause 6.1 (1)
γM0 = 1.00 Partial factor for resistance of cross-sections

γM1 = 1.00 Partial factor for resistance of members to instability
γM2 = 1.25 Partial factor for resistance to fracture due to tension
Tension Capacity
Tensile Yielding
2
1
Npl.Rd =  A  f = 1628000.00 N Design plastic resistance
γM0 g y

Page III - 52
Tensile Fracture
Net Area Computation
Stagger = "No" Presence of staggered fasteners along the critical section
sf = ( 0.00 ) mm Fastener longitudinal spacing
pf = ( 0.00 ) mm Fastener transverse spacing
 s 2 t 
 f 
Astag =
  4 p  if Stagger = "Yes"
 f  nf
Area correction for staggered holes
nf
2
2
Astag = 0.00 mm
2
An = Ag - nf dh t + Astag = 5517.40 mm Net cross-sectional area
1
Nu.Rd =  0.90 An fu = 1708187.04 N Design ultimate resistance
γM2
Effective Area
Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Clau se 4.4 (2)

kσ = 23.90 Buckling factor
-1
b t
λp = = 0.85 Relative slenderness parameter
28.40 ε kσ
ρc = 1.00 if λp  0.5 + 0.085 - 0.055 ψ Reduction factor
λp - 0.055 ( 3 + ψ)
otherwise
2
λp
ρc = 1.00
2
Aeff = ρc Ag = 5920.00 mm Effective cross-sectional area
2
1
Nc.o.Rd =  Aeff fy if Class = 4 Compression resistance due to general yielding
γM0
1
 Ag fy otherwise
γM0
Nc.o.Rd = 1628000.00 N

Page III - 53
Buckling Resistance
αB = 0.49 Imperfection factor (for solid sections)

2
2
Es = 210000.00 MPa Modulus of elasticity of steel

Es
λ l = π = 86.81 Slenderness value to determine the relative slenderness
fy
(k Lb)  -1 Relative slenderness parameter

Aeff Ag Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clau se 6.3.1.3 (1)
λB = if Class = 4 = 4.39
rz λl
(k Lb)  1 otherwise

rz λl
ϕB = 0.50 1 + αB λB - 0.2 + λB  = 11.18


χB = min , 1.00 if λB > 0.2 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Equation 6.49
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 B B B 
1.00 otherwise
χB = 0.05
Compression capacity due to flexural buckling
1
Nc.B.Rd =  χB Aeff fy if Class = 4 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clause 6.3.1.1 (3)
γM1
1
 χB Ag fy otherwise
γM1
Nc.B.Rd = 75847.36 N

Page III - 54
Shear Capacity
Av = (0.90 Ag) if Type = "Plate" = 5328.00 mm

2
Shear area
"Check" otherwise
1 fy Shear resistance for general yielding
Vo.Rd =  = 158.77 MPa Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Equation 6.18
γM0 3
Buckling Resistance
η = 1.20 Factor for shear area
For steel grades up to S460
b
t
-1 Plate slenderness
Classv = "Non-slender" if βv  72ε  η Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Clau se 5.1 (2)
-1
"Slender" if βv > 72ε  η
Classv = "Slender"
 4 
2  I 3 Iz
3
 
kτ.sl = min9      ,  = 0.90
b z 2.10
 Additional factor for shear buckling coefficient
  Lb   3 b  t b Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Clau se A.3 (1)
  
t 
Lb 2 Shear buckling coefficient
b
kτ = 5.34 + 4.00   + kτ.sl if 1 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Equation A.5
 Lb  b
2
b
4.00 + 5.34   + kτ.sl otherwise
 Lb 
kτ = 22.72
2 2
π  Es t
σE = = 22.18 MPa Elastic critical plate buckling stress
(
12 1 - ν  b
2) 2 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Equation A.1
τcr = kτ σE = 504.07 MPa Elastic shear buckling stress

fy Relative slenderness parameter
τcr

Page III - 55

χv = if Stiffenertype = "Rigid End Post" = 1.20 Shear buckling factor

0.83
η if λw <
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw < 1.08
λw η
1.38
if 1.08  λw
(0.70 + λw)
0.83
η if λw <
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw
λw η
"Check" otherwise
 1 fy 1 η fy 
VB.Rd = min
Shear resistance for shear buckling
 ,  = 158.77 MPa
 γM1 3 γM1 3  Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Clau se 5.2 (1)
Bending Capacity
Strong-Axis Bending
Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clau se 6.2.5 (2)
ρc = 1.00 Reduction factor

teff.y = ρc t = 8.00 mm Effective reduced thickness
1 2 3
6
3
Wel.y = 684426.41 mm Elastic section modulus
3
Wpl.y = 1022732.00 mm Plastic section modulus
1 Nominal design bending resistance of a cross section

MRd.y.n =  Wpl.y fy if Class = 1  Class = 2
γM0
1
 Wel.y fy if Class = 3
γM0
1
 Wel.eff.y fy otherwise
γM0
MRd.y.n = 200786.67 N·m

Page III - 56
Lateral-Torsional Buckling
C1 = 1.00 Factor for loading and end restraint conditions

αLT = 0.76 Imperfection factor (for solid sections)
2
π  Es Iz (k Lb)2 Gs It = 29268.50 N m
Mcr = C1  Elastic critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling
( )k Lb
2 2
π  Es Iz
Relative slenderness parameter
Wel.y fy Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clau se 6.3.2.2 (1)
λLT = = 2.54
Mcr
ϕLT = 0.50 1 + αLT λLT - 0.20 + λLT  = 4.60

 1  Reduction factor for lateral-torsional buckling

χLT = min , 1.00 = 0.12 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Equation 6.56
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 LT LT LT 
1
Mb.Rd.y =  χLT Wpl.y fy if Class = 1  Class = 2
γM1
1
 χLT Wel.y fy if Class = 3
γM1
1
 χLT Wel.eff.y fy otherwise
γM1
Mb.Rd.y = 23777.35 N·m Design buckling resistance moment
Weak-Axis Bending
Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1 Clause 6.2.5 (2)
3
Wpl.z = 11034.80 mm Plastic section modulus
1
MRd.z.n =  W  f = 3034.57 N·m Nominal bending resistance of cross section
γM0 pl.z y
· Load Parameters
Refer to Section 3.06.01 Load Capacity An alysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Aluminum Sheet (Option 1)
DLface = 659.47 N Total dead load of face panel

DLside = 196.34 N Total dead load of side panel
RX.hs = 926.13 N Reaction along global x-axis due to wind load on face
panel
RZ.hs = 375.46 N Reaction along global z-axis due to wind load on side
panels
γR X.hs = 1389.19 N Factored reaction along global x-axis
γR Z.hs = 563.19 N Factored reaction along global z-axis
γR Y.face = 890.28 N Factored dead load of face panel
γR Y.side = 265.06 N Factored dead load of side panels

Page III - 57
· Applied Loads
Shear
Torsional Shear

as per Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain
b' = 0.50 t = 4.00 mm
3  Mτ  2 3
b'  
4
 b'   b'   b'  
VEd.τ =  1 + 0.6095   + 0.8865   - 1.8023   + 0.9100   

2  a a a a
8 a b'
as per Art. 9.2 Table 20 of Roark's Formula s for Stress and Strain
Direct Shear
VEd.d = (γRY.face + nside γRY.side)2 + (nside γRZ.hs)2

VEd.d = 1812.81 N Factored direct shear
VEd.d
VEd = + VEd.τ = 0.34 MPa Factored shear stress
Av
Vo.Rd = 158.77 MPa Shear resistance for general yielding

VB.Rd = 158.77 MPa Shear resistance for shear buckling for slender sectrions
VRd = Vo.Rd if Class v = "Non-slender" Shear capacity
VB.Rd if Class v = "Slender"
VRd = 158.77 MPa

Comparing,
VEd = 0.34 MPa < VRd = 158.77 MPa


Page III - 58
Tension

  Ed   VEd
ρo.V = 1 - 2 - 1  if  0.50
  VRd   VRd
1.00 otherwise
ρo.V = 1.00
Npl.Rd = 1628000.00 N Design plastic resistance
Nu.Rd = 1708187.04 N Design ultimate resistance
( )
Nt.Rd = min ρo.V Npl.Rd , Nu.Rd = 1628000.00 N Tension capacity
Comparing,
Nt.Ed = 1,389.19 N < Nt.Rd = 1,628,000.00 N
Compression
Nc.o.Rd = 1628000.00 N Compression resistance due to general yielding
( )
Nc.Rd = min ρo.V Nc.o.Rd , Nc.B.Rd = 75847.36 N Compression capacity
Comparing,
N c.Ed = 1,389.19 N < N c.Rd = 75,847.36 N

Strong Axis Bending

eX.Z = 297.00 mm Load eccentricity
MEd.y = nside  γR Z.hs eX.Z = 334.53 N·m Factored strong axis bending moment
MRd.y.n = 200786.67 N·m Nominal design bending resistance of a cross section
( )
MRd.y = min ρo.V MRd.y.n , Mb.Rd.y = 23777.35 N·m Design bending resistance
Comparing,
MEd.y = 334.53 N-m < MRd.y = 23,777.35 N-m


Page III - 59
Weak Axis Bending

eX.Y.side.1 = 298.50 mm
eX.Y.side.2 = 163.00 mm
eY = 8.50 mm
(
MRd.z.n = 3034.57 N·m Nominal bending resistance of cross section
MRd.z = ρo.V MRd.z.n = 3034.57 N·m Design bending resistance
Comparing,
MEd.z = 472.44 N-m < MRd.z = 3,034.57 N-m

Combined Forces
 Nt.Ed Nc.Ed  MEd.y MEd.z

CR = max , + + = 0.19 Combined force ratio
 Nt.Rd Nc.Rd  MRd.y MRd.z
Comparing,
CR = 0.19 < 1.00
RY.δ = DL face + nside  DL side = 1052.15 N Unfactored vertical reaction at support
(
MZ.δ = RX.hs eY + DLface eX.Y.face + DLside  eX.Y.side.1 + eX.Y.side.2 )
MZ.δ = 349.08 N·m Unfactored moment reaction at support
kgf
ρs = 7850.00 Density of steel
3
m
DL face eX.Y.face + DL side   eX.Y.side.1 + eX.Y.side.2

3 3 3 2 4
  + RX.hs eY Lb + ρs b t Lb
δY =
3 Es Iz 2 Es Iz 8 Es Iz
δY = 2.63 mm Total vertical deflection with respect to plate support
. THUS, THE STEEL PLATE IS STRUCTURALLY ADEQUATE.

Page III - 60
SECTION 3.07
(SHEET TO ANGLE)
Fastener
Designation = "M6" Fastener designation
i.e., CS, A2, A4
fub = 700.00  MPa Ultimate tensile strength
fyb = 450.00  MPa Yield strength
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page III - 61
Base Material
First Base Metal

1

1
1
1
1
1 thickness)
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2 thickness)
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page III - 62

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 1.39 
ad =  
 1.39 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 1.00 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 140.00 
 260.00 

Page III - 63
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 13440.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 31200.00 
(
Bending Resistance

1
(
3
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 21.21 mm
4
3
) Section modulus
· Load Parameters

· Applied Loads
Tension
eX.Y.side.1 = 298.50 mm
eX.Y.side.2 = 163.00 mm
eY = 12.50 mm
Wbracket = 740.00 mm Bracket width (taken as frame width)
p1 = 120.00 mm Fastener spacing
1
sf.o = p1  ( n - 1) = 600.00 mm Distance between outermost fasteners
1
dc.X = 25.00 mm Depth of compression blocks
(
dc.Z = sf.o + 0.5 Wbracket - sf.o = 670.00 mm )
(
- γR Y.face + nside  γR Y.side ) ...
Ft.Ed =
n
6 1 γR (
X.hs eY + γR Y.face eX.Y.face + γR Y.side eX.Y.side.1 + eX.Y.side.2  )
+   ...
5 n dc.X 
 nside γR Z.hs eY 
+ 
dc.Z
 
Ft.Ed = 3612.46 N Factored tensile load

Page III - 64

head fasteners
1
1
dw tp  fu
1 1
γM2
( )
Ft.Rd.min = min F t.Rd , F pt.Rd = 4480.00 N Governing tensile resistance
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 3,612.46 N < Ft.Rd.min = 4,480.00 N
Shear
sf.o = 600.00 mm Distance between outermost fasteners
eX.Z = 297.00 mm Load eccentricity
2 2
 γR X.hs nside γR Z.hs eX.Z   nside γR Z.hs 
1
Fv.Ed =  + + 
nv  n sf.o   n 
 
Fv.Ed = 811.11 N Total factored shear on a single fastener
 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 811.11 N < Fv.Rd = 6,665.36 N

Page III - 65
Bearing
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 811.11 N < Fb.Rd = 13,440.00 N
Combined Load
F v.Ed F t.Ed Combined load ratio due to base material strength

F b.Rd F pt.Rd
( )
CR = max CR1 , CR2 = 0.87 Maximum combined load ratio
Comparing,
CR = 0.87 < 1.00

Page III - 66
SECTION 3.08.01
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE HEAD AND SILL BRACKET ALUMINUM ANGLE (OPTION 1)
Alloy = "EN AW - 6063-T6" Alloy-temper of extrusion
i.e., Welded, None
BC = "A" Material buckling class*
IV = Fixed - Roller
VI = Fixed - Free

2

Page III - 67
Connection Details

dh = 8.39 mm
 300.00   0.00 
   
 180.00   0.00 
 60.00   0.00 
 60.00   0.00 
 180.00   0.00 
   
 300.00   0.00 
2
1 3 1 2
  12 dh t + dht zfnf 
3
12
nf
4
Iy = 316547216.36 mm
1  1  d  t3 + d t y 2

3
12  12  
nf
4
Iz = 57472.92 mm
Iy
3
0.50 b
Iz
3
0.50 t
  dhtzfnf = 1278415.00mm
2 3
nf
 2
  0.25dht  = 17241.88mm
2 3
nf

Page III - 68
 
0.5 t( 0.5 t) 
4
3  16 
3 0.5 b  4
  12  ( 0.5  b ) 
4
It = 244566.67 mm
Iz
Ag
250 MPa
fo

BC = "A" Buckling condition

 0.80  if ( ψ < -1)

 
 1 - ψ
b
t
β2 = 20.00
β3 = 27.50
2 if β1 < βy  β2
3 if β2 < βy  β3
4 if β3 < βy

Page III - 69


γM2 = 1.25
Shear Capacity
1 fo
γM1 3
Buckling Resistance
b
t
Classv = "Slender"
2
2
  fu 
  fo 

t Ea

0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if < λw < 0.937
λw η
2.3
if 0.937  λw
(1.66 + λw)

Page III - 70
0.83
η if λw 
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw
λw η
"Check" otherwise
Tension Capacity
2
-1
( )
-1
Effective Area

C2 = 220.00
  2
ρc.y = C  ε  β - 1 - C   ε  β - 1  if β > β
 1 y  2 y  y 3
1.00 otherwise
2

Nc.u.Rd =  An fu = 1075893.00 N
γM2 holes

γM1

Page III - 71
Buckling Resistance


0.00 if BC = "B"
0.32 if BC = "B"
2
2


r z π Ag Ea
ϕB = 0.50 1 + αB λB - λ0.B + λB  = 0.77


ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 B B B 
1.00 otherwise
χB = 0.85

γM1

Page III - 72
Bending Capacity
Strong Axis Bending
1 2 3
6
3
3
Wpl.y
Wel.y
  Wpl.y   Wpl.y 

β3 - βy
min1 + 
-1 , if Class y = 3

β3 - β2  Wel.y   Wel.y 

 Wel.eff.y   Wpl.y 
 Wel.y   Wel.y 
"Check" otherwise
αy = 1.02
1
γM2
1
γM1

4
2
(k Lb) 2 2
π  Ea Iz
Buckling Resistance

Mcr


Page III - 73


ϕLT = 1.09
 1 
χLT = min , 1.00 if λLT > 0.40
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 LT LT LT 
1.00 if λLT  0.40


1
γM1
Mb.Rd.y = 87091.19 N·m
Weak Axis Bending

3
3
Wpl.z Shape factor
αz = = 1.50
Wel.z
1
γM2
1
γM1

Page III - 74
· Load Parameters

· Applied Loads
Shear
Torsional Shear

b' = 0.50 t = 5.00 mm

3  Mτ
 b'  + 0.8865  b'  - 1.8023  b'  + 0.9100  b'  
2 3 4
VEd.τ =  1 + 0.6095        
8 a b'
2  a a a a
Direct Shear
VEd.d =
2
(
γR X.hs + nside  γR Z.hs )2 = 1788.46 N Factored direct shear
VEd.d
Av
VEd.d
ρv bw t

Comparing,
VEd = 0.36 MPa < VRd = 83.98 MPa


Page III - 75
Tension
Nt.Ed = 0.00 N Factored tensile load

  Ed   VEd
ρo.V = 1 - 2 - 1  if  0.50 = 1.00
 VRd  VRd
  
1.00 otherwise
Nt.Rd = (
"Check" otherwise
Nt.Rd = 968303.70 N
Comparing,
Nt.Ed = 0.00 N < Nt.Rd = 968,303.70 N
Compression
Nc.Ed = γR Y.face + nside  γR Y.side = 1420.40 N Factored compressive load
holes
(
Comparing,
N c.Ed = 1,420.40 N < N c.Rd = 877,782.50 N

Strong Axis Bending

MEd.y = nside  γR Z.hs eY = 79.97 N·m Factored strong axis bending moment
(
MRd.y = 87091.19 N·m
Comparing,
MEd.y = 79.97 N-m < MRd.y = 87,091.19 N-m


Page III - 76
Weak Axis Bending

eX.Y.side.1 = 298.50 mm
eX.Y.side.2 = 163.00 mm
eY = 71.00 mm
(
( )
Comparing,
MEd.z = 559.26 N-m < MRd.z = 1,793.16 N-m

Combined Forces
"Check" otherwise
"Check" otherwise
Ψ = 2.00
 N Ψ Ψ
 c.Ed   Nt.Ed  
 ωo Nc.Rd   ωo Nt.Rd  
0.6
 M 
1.7 1.7
  M 
Ed.z  
+ 
Ed.y 
+ 
  
 ωo MRd.y   ωo MRd.z  
"Check" otherwise
Comparing,
CR = 0.30 < 1.00

Page III - 77
Deflection of First Bracket Component
RY.δ = 1057.09 N Unfactored vertical reaction at support

MZ.δ = 350.22 N m Unfactored moment reaction at support
δY.1 = 7.41 mm Vertical deflecton of first aluminum bracket
Total Vertical Deflection

eX.δ = 149.50 mm Load eccentricity
kgf
3
m
3 4 2
RY.δ eX.δ ρa b t eX.δ MZ.δ eX.δ
δY.2 = + + Vertical deflection with respect to folded sheet support
3 Ea Iz 8 Ea Iz 2 Ea Iz
δY.2 = 1.27 mm
δY.tot = δY.1 + δY.2 = 8.68 mm
Total vertical deflection with respect to bracket support
• THUS, THE ALUMINUM ANGLE IS STRUCTURALLY ADEQUATE.

Page III - 78
SECTION 3.08.02
LOAD CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF THE HEAD AND SILL BRACKET STEEL ANGLE (OPTION 2)
SS EN 1993-1-1 2005 - DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - GENERAL RULES AND RULES FOR BUILDINGS
Es = 210000.00 MPa Modulus of elasticity
ν = 0.30 Poisson ratio
Es
G= = 80769.23 MPa Shear modulus
2 ( 1 + ν)
Grade = "S 275" Steel grade
IV = Fixed - Roller
VI = Fixed - Free

2

Page III - 79
Connection Details

Note: hole diameter is taken as 1/16 in. bigger than fastener diameter.
dh = 8.39 mm
 300.00   0.00 
   
 180.00   0.00 
 60.00   0.00 
 60.00   0.00 
 180.00   0.00 
   
 300.00   0.00 
2
1 3 1 2
  12 dh t + dht zfnf 
3
12
nf
4
Iy = 316547216.36 mm
1  1  d  t3 + d t y 2

3
12  12  
nf
4
Iz = 57472.92 mm
Iy
3
0.50b
Iz
3
0.50t
  dhtzfnf = 1278415.00mm
2 3
nf
 2
  0.25dht  = 17241.88mm
2 3
nf

Page III - 80
 0.5t 
4 
It = 0.5b ( 0.5t)   - 3.36 
3 16 ( 0.5t)
 1- Torsion constant
3 0.5b  4
  12 ( 0.5 b) 
4
It = 244566.67 mm
Iz
Ag

b = 740.00 mm Width depth
t = 10.00 mm Section thickness
b
λ= = 74.00 Element slenderness
t
235 MPa
fy
Class = if Type = "Plate" = 4.00 Section classification

1 if λ  33ε
2 if 33ε < λ  38ε
3 if 38ε < λ  42ε
4 if 42ε < λ
"Check" otherwise

Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clause 6.1 (1)
γM0 = 1.00 Partial factor for resistance of cross-sections

γM1 = 1.00 Partial factor for resistance of members to instability
γM2 = 1.25 Partial factor for resistance to fracture due to tension
Tension Capacity
Tensile Yielding
2
1
Npl.Rd =  A  f = 2035000.00 N Design plastic resistance
γM0 g y

Page III - 81
Tensile Fracture
Net Area Computation
Stagger = "No" Presence of staggered fasteners along the critical section
sf = ( 0.00 ) mm Fastener longitudinal spacing
pf = ( 0.00 ) mm Fastener transverse spacing
 s 2 t 
 f 
Astag =
  4 p  if Stagger = "Yes"
 f  nf
Area correction for staggered holes
nf
2
2
Astag = 0.00 mm
2
An = Ag - nf dh t + Astag = 6896.75 mm Net cross-sectional area
1
Nu.Rd =  0.90 An fu = 2135233.80 N Design ultimate resistance
γM2
Effective Area
Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Clau se 4.4 (2)

kσ = 23.90 Buckling factor
-1
b t
λp = = 0.76 Relative slenderness parameter
28.40 ε kσ
ρc = 1.00 if λp  0.5 + 0.085 - 0.055 ψ Reduction factor
λp - 0.055 ( 3 + ψ)
otherwise
2
λp
ρc = 1.00
2
Aeff = ρc Ag = 7400.00 mm Effective cross-sectional area
2
1
Nc.o.Rd =  Aeff fy if Class = 4 Compression resistance due to general yielding
γM0
1
 Ag fy otherwise
γM0
Nc.o.Rd = 2035000.00 N

Page III - 82
Buckling Resistance
αB = 0.49 Imperfection factor (for solid sections)

2
2
Es = 210000.00 MPa Modulus of elasticity of steel

Es
λ l = π = 86.81 Slenderness value to determine the relative slenderness
fy
(k Lb)  -1 Relative slenderness parameter

Aeff Ag Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clau se 6.3.1.3 (1)
λB = if Class = 4 = 0.51
rz λl
(k Lb)  1 otherwise

rz λl
ϕB = 0.50 1 + αB λB - 0.2 + λB  = 0.70


χB = min , 1.00 if λB > 0.2 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Equation 6.49
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 B B B 
1.00 otherwise
χB = 0.84
Compression capacity due to flexural buckling
1
Nc.B.Rd =  χB Aeff fy if Class = 4 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clause 6.3.1.1 (3)
γM1
1
 χB Ag fy otherwise
γM1
Nc.B.Rd = 1706626.39 N

Page III - 83
Shear Capacity
Av = (0.90 Ag) if Type = "Plate" = 6660.00 mm

2
Shear area
"Check" otherwise
1 fy Shear resistance for general yielding
Vo.Rd =  = 158.77 MPa Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Equation 6.18
γM0 3
Buckling Resistance
η = 1.20 Factor for shear area
For steel grades up to S460
b
t
-1 Plate slenderness
Classv = "Non-slender" if βv  72ε  η Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Clau se 5.1 (2)
-1
"Slender" if βv > 72ε  η
Classv = "Slender"
 4 
2  I 3 Iz
3
 
kτ.sl = min9      ,  = 0.90
b z 2.10
 Additional factor for shear buckling coefficient
  Lb   3 b  t b Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Clau se A.3 (1)
  
t 
Lb 2 Shear buckling coefficient
b
kτ = 5.34 + 4.00   + kτ.sl if 1 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Equation A.5
 Lb  b
2
b
4.00 + 5.34   + kτ.sl otherwise
 Lb 
kτ = 859.36
2 2
π  Es t
σE = = 34.66 MPa Elastic critical plate buckling stress
(
12 1 - ν  b
2) 2 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Equation A.1
τcr = kτ σE = 29785.66 MPa Elastic shear buckling stress

fy Relative slenderness parameter
τcr

Page III - 84

χv = if Stiffenertype = "Rigid End Post" = 1.20 Shear buckling factor

0.83
η if λw <
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw < 1.08
λw η
1.38
if 1.08  λw
(0.70 + λw)
0.83
η if λw <
η
0.83 0.83
if  λw
λw η
"Check" otherwise
 1 fy 1 η fy 
VB.Rd = min
Shear resistance for shear buckling
 ,  = 158.77 MPa
 γM1 3 γM1 3  Refer to BS EN 1993-1-5: 2006 Clau se 5.2 (1)
Bending Capacity
Strong-Axis Bending
Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clau se 6.2.5 (2)
ρc = 1.00 Reduction factor

teff.y = ρc t = 10.00 mm Effective reduced thickness
1 2 3
6
3
Wel.y = 855533.02 mm Elastic section modulus
3
Wpl.y = 1278415.00 mm Plastic section modulus
1 Nominal design bending resistance of a cross section

MRd.y.n =  Wpl.y fy if Class = 1  Class = 2
γM0
1
 Wel.y fy if Class = 3
γM0
1
 Wel.eff.y fy otherwise
γM0
MRd.y.n = 250983.33 N·m

Page III - 85
Lateral-Torsional Buckling
C1 = 1.00 Factor for loading and end restraint conditions

αLT = 0.76 Imperfection factor (for solid sections)
2
π  Es Iz (k Lb)2 Gs It = 395418.62 N m
Mcr = C1  Elastic critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling
( )k Lb
2 2
π  Es Iz
Relative slenderness parameter
Wel.y fy Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Clau se 6.3.2.2 (1)
λLT = = 0.77
Mcr
ϕLT = 0.50 1 + αLT λLT - 0.20 + λLT  = 1.01

 1  Reduction factor for lateral-torsional buckling

χLT = min , 1.00 = 0.60 Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1: 2005 Equation 6.56
ϕ + ϕ 2- λ 2 
 LT LT LT 
1
Mb.Rd.y =  χLT Wpl.y fy if Class = 1  Class = 2
γM1
1
 χLT Wel.y fy if Class = 3
γM1
1
 χLT Wel.eff.y fy otherwise
γM1
Weak-Axis Bending
Refer to BS EN 1993-1-1 Clause 6.2.5 (2)
3
Wpl.z = 17241.88 mm Plastic section modulus
1
MRd.z.n =  W  f = 4741.52 N·m Nominal bending resistance of cross section
γM0 pl.z y
· Load Parameters


Page III - 86
· Applied Loads
Shear
Torsional Shear

as per Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain
b' = 0.50 t = 5.00 mm
3  Mτ  2 3
b'  
4
 b'   b'   b'  
VEd.τ =  1 + 0.6095   + 0.8865   - 1.8023   + 0.9100   

2  a a a a
8 a b'
as per Art. 9.2 Table 20 of Roark's Formula s for Stress and Strain
Direct Shear
VEd.d =
2
(
γR X.hs + nside  γR Z.hs )2 = 1788.46 N Factored direct shear
VEd.d
VEd = + VEd.τ = 0.27 MPa Factored shear stress
Av
Vo.Rd = 158.77 MPa Shear resistance for general yielding

VB.Rd = 158.77 MPa Shear resistance for shear buckling for slender sectrions
VRd = Vo.Rd if Class v = "Non-slender" Shear capacity
VB.Rd if Class v = "Slender"
VRd = 158.77 MPa

Comparing,
VEd = 0.27 MPa < VRd = 158.77 MPa

Page III - 87
Tension
Nt.Ed = 0.00 N Factored tensile load

  Ed   VEd
ρo.V = 1 - 2 - 1  if  0.50
  VRd   VRd
1.00 otherwise
ρo.V = 1.00
Npl.Rd = 2035000.00 N Design plastic resistance
Nu.Rd = 2135233.80 N Design ultimate resistance
( )
Nt.Rd = min ρo.V Npl.Rd , Nu.Rd = 2035000.00 N Tension capacity
Comparing,
Nt.Ed = 0.00 N < Nt.Rd = 2,035,000.00 N
Compression
Nc.Ed = γR Y.face + nside  γR Y.side = 1420.40 N Factored compressive load
Nc.o.Rd = 2035000.00 N Compression resistance due to general yielding
( )
Nc.Rd = min ρo.V Nc.o.Rd , Nc.B.Rd = 1706626.39 N Compression capacity
Comparing,
N c.Ed = 1,420.40 N < N c.Rd = 1,706,626.39 N

Strong Axis Bending

MEd.y = nside  γR Z.hs eY = 79.97 N·m Factored strong axis bending moment
MRd.y.n = 250983.33 N·m Nominal design bending resistance of a cross section
( )
MRd.y = min ρo.V MRd.y.n , Mb.Rd.y = 149953.77 N·m Design bending resistance
Comparing,
MEd.y = 79.97 N-m < MRd.y = 149,953.77 N-m


Page III - 88
Weak Axis Bending

eX.Y.side.1 = 298.50 mm
eX.Y.side.2 = 163.00 mm
eY = 71.00 mm
(
MRd.z.n = 4741.52 N·m Nominal bending resistance of cross section
MRd.z = ρo.V MRd.z.n = 4741.52 N·m Design bending resistance
Comparing,
MEd.z = 559.26 N-m < MRd.z = 4,741.52 N-m

Combined Forces
 Nt.Ed Nc.Ed  MEd.y MEd.z

CR = max , + + = 0.12 Combined force ratio
 Nt.Rd Nc.Rd  MRd.y MRd.z
Comparing,
CR = 0.12 < 1.00
Deflection of First Bracket Component
Refer to Section 3.06.02 Load Capacity An alysis of the Head and Sill Bracket Steel Plate (Optio n 2)
RY.δ = 1057.09 N Unfactored vertical reaction at support

MZ.δ = 350.22 N m Unfactored moment reaction at support
δY.1 = 2.63 mm Vertical deflecton of first steel bracket
Total Vertical Deflection

eX.δ = 149.50 mm Load eccentricity
kgf
ρs = 7850.00 Density of steel
3
m
3 4 2
RY.δ eX.δ ρa b t eX.δ MZ.δ eX.δ
δY.2 = + + Vertical deflection with respect to angle support
3 Es Iz 8 Es Iz 2 Es Iz
δY.2 = 0.42 mm
δY.tot = δY.1 + δY.2 = 3.05 mm
Total vertical deflection with respect to bracket support
. THUS, THE STEEL ANGLE IS STRUCTURALLY ADEQUATE.

Page III - 89
SECTION 3.09
(ANGLE TO STUD FRAMING)
Fastener
Designation = "M6" Fastener designation
i.e., CS, A2, A4
fub = 700.00  MPa Ultimate tensile strength
fyb = 450.00  MPa Yield strength
-1
(
2
 1.2269  2
Nf
 
2
 0.9743  2
Nf
 

Page III - 90
Base Material
First Base Metal

1

1
1
1
1
1
1 fastener back row
1 fastener column
1
1
Second Base Metal

2
2
2
2
2
2 thickness)
2 fastener back row
2 fastener column
2 1
2 1

Page III - 91

γM2 = 1.25
Tension Resistance

0.90 otherwise
2
1
γM2 2 ub t
Shear Resistance

2
2
2
1
γM2
Bearing Resistance
 e1   p1 
 i   i 1 
i  3 d   3 d 4 
   f f 
 2.31 
ad =  
 5.56 
 fub 
i  i fu 
 i
 1.00 
ab =  
 1.00 
  e2   p2 
  i   i 
k1 = min 2.50 , 2.80 - 1.70 , 1.40 - 1.70
    
 2.50 
k1 =  
 2.50 
 260.00 
 430.00 

Page III - 92
1
i γM2 i i i i i
 31200.00 
Fb.Rd.o =  N
 15480.00 
(
Bending Resistance

1
( 3
Wel =  π 0.50 df = 21.21 mm
4
3
) Section modulus
· Load Parameters

· Applied Loads
Tension
eX.Y.side.1 = 454.00 mm
eX.Y.side.2 = 318.50 mm
eX.Z = 452.50 mm
eY = 71.00 mm
Wbracket = 740.00 mm Bracket width (taken as frame width)
p1 = 120.00 mm Fastener spacing
1
sf.o = p1  ( n - 1) = 600.00 mm Distance between outermost fasteners
1
dc.Y = 41.50 mm Depth of compression blocks
(
dc.Z = sf.o + 0.5 Wbracket - sf.o = 670.00 mm )
γR X.hs (
6  1 γR X.hs eY + γR Y.face eX.Y.face + γR Y.side eX.Y.side.1 + eX.Y.side.2  )
Ft.Ed = +   ...
n 5 n dc.Y 
 nside γR Z.hs eX.Z 
+ 
dc.Z
 
Ft.Ed = 4904.10 N Factored tensile load

Page III - 93

head fasteners
tp = 3.00 mm Thickness of base material critical in pull-through
2
fu = 430.00 MPa Ultimate strength of base material critical in pull-through
2
dw tp  fu
2 2
γM2
( )
Ft.Rd.min = min F t.Rd , F pt.Rd = 5160.00 N Governing tensile resistance
Comparing,
Ft.Ed = 4,904.10 N < Ft.Rd.min = 5,160.00 N
Shear
sf.o = 600.00 mm Distance between outermost fasteners
2 2
 γR Y.face + nside γR Y.side γR Z.hs eY   γR Z.hs 
1
Fv.Ed =  + + 
nv  n sf.o   n 
 
Fv.Ed = 317.57 N Total factored shear on a single fastener

 F t.Ed 
 1 αm MRk 
 γM2 e + 10- 10mm 
 b 
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 317.57 N < Fv.Rd = 6,665.36 N

Page III - 94
Bearing
Comparing,
F v.Ed = 317.57 N < Fb.Rd = 15,480.00 N
Combined Load
F v.Ed F t.Ed Combined load ratio due to base material strength

F b.Rd F pt.Rd
( )
CR = max CR1 , CR2 = 0.97 Maximum combined load ratio
Comparing,
CR = 0.97 < 1.00

Page III - 95
Appended References
Appended References
Page A - 1
-------- Forwarded Message -------- PTCC-C720-CS01-101CI REV 0.1
Subject:RE: C717 Alucra Structural calcula on request
Date:Mon, 21 Mar 2022 09:11:12 +0000
From:Adora Rosario <Adora.Rosario@alucra systems.co.uk>
To:Rodel Velasco <rodel.velasco@ptcc.design>
CC:Amine Marzougui <amine.marzougui@alucra systems.co.uk>
Hi Rodel,
We confirm we are okay with the latest schedule per your e-mail.
Also, please find the a1ached for Pritchar1s specs and wind loading value in the below.
Wind loading is 1.330 kPa as per Sub JR008545-ASL-ZZ-ZZ-RP-X-00100-S3-P01 Wind loading assessment report
I made a summary of all PTCC turn-around dates per all our conversa on.
Please confirm these are correct.
Regards
Adora Rosario
Senior Structural Engineer Alucra) Systems
+44 1827 262435
Waterlands, Meadows Road, Brookfields Park, Manvers, Rotherham, South Yorkshire,S63 5DJ,United Kingdom
Alucra Systems is part of The Clarison Group

Visionaries in Building Envelope Solu ons and Architectural Glazing
Whilst it suits me to send this email now, I do not expect a response or ac on if it is outside your own working hours
Alucra Systems Ltd accepts no liability for the content of this email, or for the consequences of any ac ons taken on the basis of the informa on provided unless that informa on is subsequently confirmed in wri ng. Any views or opinions presented in this
email are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the company.
ALUCRAFT SYSTEMS LTD. REGISTERED IN THE UK NO. 3667231 | Registered Office: 4 Ninian Park, Ninian Way, Tamworth, Staffs, B77 5ES | VAT NO. 729409513
From: Rodel Velasco <rodel.velasco@ptcc.design>

Sent: 21 March 2022 03:56
To: Adora Rosario <Adora.Rosario@alucra systems.co.uk>
Cc: Amine Marzougui <amine.marzougui@alucra systems.co.uk>
Subject: Re: C717 Alucra Structural calcula on request
Adora,
Thank you for your message regarding the submittal dates for the structural calculations of C720 Pritchartts Park. PTCC will submit the structural
report for window brackets and fixations on Friday, 25 March 2022, as per your request. For the window feature grills and fixations, however, we will be
able to send the report on 01 April 2022.
Please may we also request for the project specifications and design wind pressures in these areas for PTCC's reference.
Best regards,
--
Rodel Velasco
Technical Supervisor
PTCC Façade Design

11th Floor Telecom Plaza
316 Senator Gil Puyat Avenue
Salcedo Village, Makati City
1200, Metro Manila,
Appended References
Page A - 2

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Submittal No.

DOCUMENT: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION

Document Title: Analysis for window brackets and fixations

Document Number: JR008545-ASL-ZZ-ZZ-RP-X-00200

Client: Prepared by:

Project name and number: Date:

Suitability status: Revision number:

Structural Analysis of the

Document Reference No.

REVISION STATUS SUMMARY

Submission Date Revision Notes Comments

Chapter 1: Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets I - 1

Chapter 2: Analysis of Multiple Span Window Brackets II - 1

Chapter 3: Analysis of Type W-K Window Brackets III - 1

This report covers the facade system shown in 1JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-X-1000, JR008545-ASL-XX-XX-DR-

• Anchorage of Type W-K Window Brackets to Stud Framing System

• Orientation of Coordinate Axis Systems

• Mechanical Properties of Materials

Modulus of elasticity Ea = 70,000 MPa

EN-AW 6063-T6 Extruded Profile

Tensile ultimate strength (thickness thru 10 mm) Ftu = 215 MPa

EN-AW 3103-H14 Sheet

Tensile ultimate strength Rm = 140 MPa

Modulus of elasticity Es = 210,000 MPa

S275 Hot Rolled Structural Steel

Tensile strength, minimum (thickness thru 16 mm) fu = 410 MPa

Stainless Steel A2-70 Fasteners

Tensile strength, minimum Rm = 700 MPa

Ultimate Limit States

Where D is dead load, and W is characteristic wind load.

Project Specifications Outline Performance Specification

BS EN 1990:2002 Basis of structural design

• Aluminum Panels, Frames, and Brackets

BS EN 1999-1-1:2007 Design of Aluminum Structures – Part 1-1: General structural rules

• Steel Panels, Frames, and Brackets

BS EN 1993-1-8:2010 Design of Steel Structures – Part 1-8: Design of joints

Drawing Title Drawing No.

Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets

Drawing Reference: Drawing Reference: Drawing Reference:

Drawing Reference: Drawing Reference:

Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets

 min 0.5⋅ Hfx , 0.5⋅ Wp  

q = 1.33⋅ kPa Characteristic wind pressure

γQ = 1.50 Partial factor for leading actions

Reactions from Trapezoidal Loading

Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets

0.5⋅ Wp ⋅  tw.op + tw.fx  

Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets

Drawing Reference: JR008545-ASL -XX-XX-DR-X-2002

Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets

First Base Metal

Second Base Metal

Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets

· Material Load Resistance

Type = "Hex Head" Fastener type

Plane = "Threaded" Bolt condition at shear plane

Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets

df = 4.80 mm Nominal thread diameter

MRk' = 1.2 Wel fub = 9.12 N m Characteristic bending resistance

tsup = tp = 1.50 mm Thickness of second base material

df tsup fu.sup

Analysis of Single Span Window Brackets