Number

Systems
Learning Objectives:
1 INTRODUCED WHAT IS

NUMBER SYSTEM
LEARN THE DIFFERENT

2 TYPES OF NUMBER

SYSTEMS
3 BE ABLE TO CONVERT

NUMBERS USING

DIFFERENT TYPES OF

NUMBER SYSTEMS
NUMBER

SYSTEM
are the technique to

represent numbers in

the computer system

architecture, every value

that you are saving or

getting into/from

computer memory has a

defined number system.

NUMBER

SYSTEM
A number system

relates quantities and

symbols.In digital

system, how information

is represented is key

and there are different

radices, i.e. number

bases, that a numbering

system can use.

NUMBER SYSTEMS
 Binary number system

 Octal number system

 Decimal number

system

 Hexadecimal (hex)

number system
WHAT IS BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM?
Numbers that contain only two digit 0 and 1

are called Binary Numbers. Each 0 or 1 is

called a Bit, from binary digit. A binary

number of 4 bits is called a Nibble. A binary

number of 8 bits is called a Byte. A binary

number of 16 bits is called a Word on some

systems, on others a 32-bit number is called

a Word while a 16-bit number is called a

Halfword. The base of binary number

system is 2, because it has only two digits.

USING 2 BIT 0 AND 1 TO FORM

A BINARY NUMBER OF 1 BIT,

NUMBERS ARE 0 AND 1

A BINARY NUMBER OF 2 BIT, NUMBERS ARE:

00, 01, 10, 11

A BINARY NUMBER OF 3 BIT, SUCH NUMBERS ARE:
000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111
A BINARY NUMBER OF 4 BIT, SUCH NUMBERS ARE:

0000, 0001, 0010, 0011, 0100, 0101, 0110, 0111, 1000, 1001,

1010, 1011, 1100,1101,1110,1111

EACH DIGIT IN A BINARY NUMBER

HAS A VALUE OR WEIGHT.

THE BIT FURTHEST TO THE LEFT IS

CALLED LSB (LEAST SIGNIFICANT

BIT) OR THE LEAST WEIGHTED BIT.

THE BIT FURTHEST TO THE RIGHT

IS CALLED MSB (MOST SIGNIFICANT

BIT) OR THE MOST WEIGHTED BIT.

 ON THE GIVEN TABLE BELOW, THE LSB HAS A

VALUE OF 1. THE SECOND FROM THE RIGHT HAS

A VALUE OF 2, THE NEXT 4, ETC.,

WHAT IS THE MSB?

 THE TABLE SHOWS

THE EQUIVALENT OF

EVERY DECIMAL

VALUE TO BINARY

VALUE.
ASSIGNMENT:

PROVIDE THE BINARY

VALUE EQUIVALENT

OF THE AMERICAN

ALPHABETH

(UPPERCASE).
 IN CONVERTING

DECIMAL TO BINARY

NUMBERS WE COULD

USE TWO DIFFERENT

METHODS:
SUBTRACTION

METHOD
SUCCESSIVE

DIVISION
SUBTRACTION

METHOD
 MAKE SURE TO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE

POWERS OF 2
85 ===> 64 + 16 + 4 + 1
85 - 64 = 21 - 16 = 5 - 4 = 1

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1

85 = 1010101
10 2
120= ?
120 ===> 64 + 32 + 16 + 8
120 - 64 = 56 - 32 = 24 - 16 = 8 - 8 = 0

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0

120 = 1011010
10 2
87 = ?
87 ===> 64 + 16 + 4 + 2 + 1
87 - 64 = 23 - 16 = 7 - 4 = 3 - 2 = 1 - 1 = 0

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 1

87 = 1010111
10 2
131 = ?
131 ===> 128 + 2 + 1
131 - 128 = 3 - 2 = 1 - 1 = 0

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

131 = 10000011
10 2
SUCCESSIVE

DIVISION
NOTE: EVERY REMAINDER IS

EQUIVALENT TO ONE (1)

 MAKE SURE TO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE

POWERS OF 2
85 2 = 42 R 1
42 2 = 21 R 0
21 2 = 10 R 1
10 2 = 5 R 0
5 2= 2 R1
85 =1010101
10 2
2 2= 1 R0
1 2= 0 R1
220= ?
117= ?
39= ?
238= ?
180= ?
 MAKE SURE TO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE

POWERS OF 2
220 2 =110 R 0
110 2 =55 R 0
55 2 =27 R 1
27
13
2 =13 R 1
2=6 R1 220 =11011100
10 2
6 2=3 R0
3 2=1 R1
1 2=0 R1
 MAKE SURE TO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE

POWERS OF 2
117 2 =58 R 1
58 2 =29 R 0
29 2 =14 R 1
14
7
2=7 R0
2=3 R1 117 = 1110101
10 2
3 2=1 R1
1 2=0 R1
 MAKE SURE TO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE

POWERS OF 2

39 2 =19 R 1
19 2=9R1
9
4
2=4R1
2=2R0
39 = 100111
10 2

2 2=1R0
1 2=0R1
 MAKE SURE TO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE

POWERS OF 2
238 2 =119 R 0
119 2 = 59 R 1
59 2 = 29 R 1
29
14
2 = 14 R 1
2=7 R0
238 10
= 11101110 2

7 2=3 R1
3 2=1 R1
1 2=0 R1
 MAKE SURE TO BE FAMILIAR WITH THE

POWERS OF 2
180 2 =90 R 0
90 2 =45 R 0
45 2 =22 R 1
22
11
2 =11 R 0
2=5 R1
180 10
= 10110100 2

5 2=2 R1
2 2=1 R0
1 2=0 R1
IN CONVERTING

BINARY TO

DECIMAL IS A

LITTLE BIT

DIFFERENT.
 11100 =28 2 10

23=2.2.2.2 14 1 31 201 00
4

22 =2.2.2 24 23222 2
2 =2.2 22200
16+8+4 = 2810
1010 = ?
2 =2.2.2
3 1010 =102 10

2 =2
1
1010
23 2 21 2
3 2 1 0

2020
8 + 2 = 1010
11111111 = ?
 11111111 = 255 2 10

11111111
22222222
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10

128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 255
ASSIGNMENT
NOTE: MAKE SURE TO

CAPTURE YOUR ASSIGNMENT.

TO BE PASS NEXT MEETING.

WRITE IT ONLY ON A ONE

WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER.

SHOW YOUR SOLUTION.

CONVERT THE FOLLOWING

FROM DECIMAL TO BINARY

USING SUBTRACTION

METHOD:
1. 280 -
2. 652 -
3. 111 -
4. 320 -
5. 71 -
6. 97 -
7. 68 -
8. 116 -
9. 419 -
10. 610 -
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING

FROM DECIMAL TO BINARY

USING SUCCESSIVE

DIVISION:
1. 610 -
2. 419 -
3. 97 -
4. 280 -
5. 116 -
6. 111 -
7. 68 -
8. 71 -
9. 652 -
10. 320 -
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING

FROM BINARY TO DECIMAL:

1. 11100101 -
2. 10111001 -
3. 11111110 -
4. 00111101 -
5. 01111100 -
6. 10101010 -
7. 01001010 -
8. 10000111 -
9. 10000001 -
10. 11011001 -
 IN CONVERTING

DECIMAL TO

OCTAL WE WILL

USE THE

SUCCESSIVE

DIVISION BUT IN

PARTNERSHIP OF

MULTIPLICATION
IN CONVERTING DECIMAL TO OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM,

WE WILL USE SUCCESSIVE DIVISION METHOD WITH A

LITTLE TWIST.

360 8 =45 R0 394 8 =49.25 R 2

45 8 =5.625 R 5 49 8 =6.125 R 1
5 8 =0.625 R 5 6 8 =0.75 R 6
360 = 550
10 8 394 = 612
10 8
220= ?
117= ?
39= ?
238= ?
180= ?
IN CONVERTING DECIMAL TO OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM,

WE WILL USE SUCCESSIVE DIVISION METHOD WITH A

LITTLE TWIST.

220 8 =27.5 R 4 117 8 =14.625 R 5

27 8 =3.375 R 3 14 8 =1.75 R 6
3 8 =0.375 R 3 1 8 =0.125 R 1
220 = 334
10 8 117 = 165
10 8
IN CONVERTING DECIMAL TO OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM,

WE WILL USE SUCCESSIVE DIVISION METHOD WITH A

LITTLE TWIST.

39 8 =4.875 R 7 230 8 =28.75 R 6

4 8 =0.5 R 4 28 8 =3.5 R4
3 8 =0.375 R 3
39 = 47
10 8 230 = 346
10 8
IN CONVERTING DECIMAL TO OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM,

WE WILL USE SUCCESSIVE DIVISION METHOD WITH A

LITTLE TWIST.

180 8 =22.5 R 4
22 8 =2.75 R 6
2 8 =0.25 R 2
180 = 264
10 8
 IN CONVERTING

OCTAL TO

DECIMAL WE WILL

USE THE TABLE

OF POWER OF 8
 131 = ? 8 10

1 3 1
8 2
2
8 1
1
8 0
0
=1 x 8 + 3 x 8 + 1 x 8
=1 x 64 + 3 x 8 + 1 x 1
=64 + 24 + 1
= 8910

131 = 89 8 10
IN CONVERTING

BINARY TO

OCTAL
REMEMBER THE

POWER 2?
 1111110 = ? 2 8

1 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
0 0 +1 4 + 2 +1 4+2+0
1 7 6

1111110 = 176 2 8
100111 = ?
2 8

1 0 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 2 1 4 2 1
4 + 0 +0 4 + 2 + 1

4 7

100111 = 47 2 8
IN CONVERTING

OCTAL TO

BINARY
 56 = ?
8 2

5 6
4 2 1 4 2 1
4 + 1 4+ 2
1 0 1 1 1 0

56 = 101110
8 2
 643 = ?
8 2

6 4 3
4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
4+2 4 2+1
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

643 = 110100011
8 2
IN CONVERTING

DECIMAL TO

HEXADECIMAL
REMEMBER THE

EQUIVALENTS OF

HEXADECIMALS
IN CONVERTING DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL NUMBER

SYSTEM, WE WILL USE SUCCESSIVE DIVISION METHOD

IN PARTNERSHIP WITH MULTIPLICATION PLUS TWIST.

D- HD
1 - 1
479 16 = 29.9375 = 29 R 15 = F 2 - 2
29 16 =1.8125 = 1 R 13 = D 3 - 3
1 16 =0.0625 = 0 R 1 = 1 4 -
5 -
4
5
6 - 6

479 = 1DF
10 16
7 -
8 -
9 -
7
8
9
10 - A
11 - B
12 - C
13 - D
14 - E
15 - F
 IN CONVERTING

HEXADECIMAL TO

DECIMAL

REMEMBER THE

EQUIVALENTS OF

HEXADECIMALS
 23E = ?
D- HD
1 - 1
16 10 2 - 2
3 - 3
2 3 E=14 4 -
5 -
4
5
6 - 6
2 1 0
16 2
16 1
16 0
7 -
8 -
7
8
=2 x 16 + 3 x 16 + 14 x 16 9 -
10 - A
9

=2 x 256 + 3 x 16 + 14 x 1 11 -
12 -
B
C
=512 + 48 + 14 13 -
14 -
D
E
= 57410 15 - F

23E = 57416 10
 IN CONVERTING

HEXADECIMAL TO

BINARY

REMEMBER THE

EQUIVALENTS OF

HEXADECIMALS
 A9 = ?
D- HD
1 - 1
16 2 2 - 2
3 - 3
A 9 4 -
5 -
6 -
4
5
6
= 10 =9 7 - 7
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 -
9 -
8
9
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 10 - A
11 - B
12 - C
13 - D
14 - E
15 - F

A9 = 10101001
16 2
IN CONVERTING

BINARY TO

HEXADECIMAL

REMEMBER THE

EQUIVALENTS OF

HEXADECIMALS

AND POWER OF 2
 10110111 = ?
D- HD
1 - 1
2 16 2 - 2
3 - 3

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 4 -
5 -
6 -
4
5
6
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 7 - 7
8 + 2+1 4 + 2 +1 8 -
9 -
8
9
11 7 10 - A
11 = B 7 = 7 11 -
12 -
B
C
13 - D
B 7 14 - E
15 - F

10110111 =B7 2 16
 THANK YOU and

PREPARE FOR EXAM

GOOD LUCK!