St.

Joseph's Institution
Mathematics Worksheet

Name: ______________________________ ( ) Date: ___________

Class: __________

EM Year 3 Topical Revision: Congruency and Similarity

Question 1
A B
Q

P
D C

In the diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram. The points P and Q lie on the diagonal AC
such that AQD  CBP  90 .
(a) Name a triangle that is congruent to ΔADQ .
(b) Name another pair of congruent triangles.
In both questions, state the reasons clearly for their congruence.

Question 2
D E
a C

A b
B

In the diagram, ABCD is a rhombus. F is the point of intersection between lines BD

and AE. BD is a diagonal of the rhombus. Given that DEA  a and CBA  b ,
(a) prove that AFB and CFB are congruent, stating your reasons clearly.
(b) Hence, find BFC in terms of a and b.

1
Question 3
A

8 cm

10 cm

C B
Q
2 cm
P

In the diagram, AP = 10 cm, BP = 2 cm and AR = 8 cm.

(a) Show with reasons, that ABC is congruent to ARP ,
(b) Find the length of RC.

Question 4
In the diagram, DF is parallel to AC and DE is parallel to BC. DB = 4 cm, AD = 8 cm
and AE = 16 cm.

8 cm 16 cm

D E

4 cm

B F C

(a) Show that CFE is congruent to DEF .

(b) If CF = a cm, find the length of BF in terms of a.

2
Question 5
In the figure, ABCD is a square and BEF  45 .
(a) Show that AE = FC.
(b) Show that triangle EAD is congruent to triangle FCD.
(c) Show that triangle DEF is an isosceles triangle.

A E B
45

D C

Question 6
In the diagram, points X, P and Q lie on AB. AC and BC respectively and XPCQ is a
parallelogram. It is given that 4AX = 3XB and XP = 15 cm.

15 cm
X P

B Q C

(a) Explain why triangles AXP and XBQ are similar.

(b) Show that the length of BQ = 20 cm.
Area of ΔAXP
(c) Find the ratio of .
Area of ΔXBQ
(d) Given that the area of AXP = 153 cm2, find the area of ΔXBQ .
Area of ΔAXP Area of ΔAXP
(e) Find the ratio of and hence find the ratio of .
Area of ΔABC Area of XPCQ

3
Question 7
ABCD is a rectangle. M is the mid-point of AB and N is a point on CD. MC and BN
meet
at X.

A M B

D N C

(a) Prove that triangles CXN and MXB are similar.

(b) Given that the ratio of the area of triangles CXN and MXB is 9 : 4. Find the
following ratios.
(i) CN : MB
(ii) CN : ND
(iii) Area of BXC : area of BXM

Question 8
In the diagram below, B is on AE such that AB = 6 cm and BE = 14 cm. C is on AD
such
that AC = 8 cm and CD = 7 cm.

A
6
B
8
14

C
E
7

(a) Prove that triangle ACB is similar to triangle AED.

(b) If BC = 9 cm, find the length of DE.
area of triangle ABC
(c) Find the ratio of .
area of quadrilateral BCDE

4
Question 9
In the diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram and F is the mid-point of AD. The lines BF
and
AC intersect at G. The lines BF and CD are produced to meet at E.

(a) Name, with reasons clearly stated,

(i) a triangle that is congruent to ABF .
(ii) a triangle that is similar to BCG .
(b) If the area of AFG is 4 cm2, calculate the area of BCG .

Question 10
In the diagram below, PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral with diagonals PR and QS
intersecting at X.

(a) Stating your reasons clearly, prove that  PQX is similar to  SRX .
(b) Given that PQ = 10 cm, RS = 3 cm and QX = 8 cm, calculate the length of RX.
PX
(c) Given that  PXS is similar to QXR , find the value
 of .
SX

 


5
 [Answer Key]

Question 1
(a) CBP (AAS) (b) ABP and CDQ (AAS)

Question 2
b
(b) 180  a 
2

Question 3
(b) 2 cm

Question 4
1
(b) a
2

Question 5

Question 6
9 9 3
(c) (d) 272 cm2 (e) ,
16 49 8

Question 7
(b) (i) 3 : 2 (ii) 3 : 1 (iii) 3 : 2

Question 8
4
(b) 22.5 cm (c)
21

Question 9
(a) (i) DEF (ii) FAG (b) 16 cm2

Question 10
2 1
(b) 2 or similar (c) 3 or similar
5 3

 

6
[Solution]

Question 1
(a) Since ABCD is a parallelogram, AD is parallel to BC and AD = CB.

DAQ  BCP (alternate angles)

AQD  CPB  90 (given)

Hence, another triangle congruent to ADQ is CBP by AAS.

(b) Since ABCD is a parallelogram, AB is parallel to DC and AB = CD.

BAP  DCQ (alternate angles)

APB  90  180 (angles on a straight line)

APB  90

CQD  90  180 (angles on a straight line)

CQD  90

 APB  CQD  90

Hence, ABP is congruent to CDQ by AAS.

7
Question 2
(a) AB = CB (equal sides of a rhombus)

Since BD is a diagonal of the rhombus, BD bisects ABC .

b
ABF  CBF 
2

For AFB and CFB , FB is a common side.

Hence, AFB is congruent to CFB by SAS. (shown)

(b) Since ABCD is a rhombus, AB is parallel to DC.

BAE  DEA (adjacent angles)

a

BAF  BAE
a

Since AFB is congruent to CFB ,

BCF  BAF
a

In BCF ,
b
BFC  a   180 (sum of angles in triangle)
2
b
BFC  180  a 
2

b
Hence, BFC  180  a  .
2

8
Question 3
(a)
AB  AP  BP
 10  2
 8 cm

CAB  PAR (common angle)

AB = AR
ABC  ARP  90 (given)

Hence, ABC is congruent to ARP by ASA. (shown)

(b) Since ABC is congruent to ARP , AC = AP.

RC  AC  AR
 AP  AR
 10  8
 2 cm

Hence, RC is 2 cm.

Question 4
(a) DEF  CFE (alt. s)

DFE  CEF (alt. s)

EF is a common side.

CFE  DEF (ASA)

(b)
BC a

12 8
3
BC  a
2

1
BF  a
2

9
Question 5
(a) BEF  45 (given)

BFE  180  90  45

 45

Therefore, BE = BF (isos. triangle)

AB = BC (Sides of square)

AE  BE  CF  BF
AE  CF (Shown)

(b) AE = CF (Proven)
AD = CD (Sides of a square)

EAD  FCD
 90 ( of a square)

 EAD  FCD (SAS) (Shown)

(c) Since EAD  FCD , therefore, ED = FD.

Hence, DEF is an isosceles triangle. (Shown)

10
Question 7
(a) CXN  MXB (vert. opp. )
XCN  XMB (alt. )
XNC  XBM (alt. )

By AAA, CXN is similar to MXB .

Question 8
(a)
AC 8

AE 20
2
 (S)
5

Angle A is a common angle (A).

AB 6

AD 15
2
 (S)
5

By SAS property, triangle ACB is similar to triangle AED.

(b)
BC 2

DE 5
5
DE  ( BC )
2
5
 ( BC )
2
5
 (9)
2
 22.5 cm

(c)
Area of triangle ABC 2 2

Area of triangle AED 5 2
4

25

Area of triangle ABC 4


Area of quadrilateral BCDE 25  4
4

21

11
Question 9
(a) (i) AFB  DFE (vert. opp.  s)
BAF  EDF (Alt.  s, AB // DC )
AF  DF ( F is mid  point of AD)

 ABF  DEF (AAS - congruency)

(ii) BGC  FGA (vert. opp.  s)

BCG  FAG (alt.  s, AD // BC

 BCG is similar to FAG (AAA - similarity)

(b)
2
Area of ΔBCG  2 
 
Area of ΔFAG  1 
Area of ΔBCG  4  4
 16 cm 2

12
 Question 10
(a) PQX  SRX (s in the same segment)
QPX  RSX (s in the same segment)
PXQ  SXR (Vertically opposite s)

  PXQ is similar to  SRX (AAA similarity)

 (b)
RX SR
 
QX PQ
3
RX   8
10
2
 2 or similar
5

(c)
PX SX
 
QX RX
PX SX

8 
12 
 
 5 
PX 8

SX 12 
 
 5 
1
 3 or similar
3



13