Brkipm 3114 PDF

#CLUS
Troubleshooting
mLDP
Luc De Ghein - Technical Leader

BRKIPM-3114
#CLUS
Agenda
• Introduction
• Signaling and Forwarding
• Root and Neighbor
• Protecting mLDP
• MPLS OAM
#CLUS BRKIPM-3114 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
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#CLUS © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Introduction
Before We Start
• Only IOS-XR is covered, unless otherwise mentioned
• We will not cover mVPN Deployment models/ Profiles
• mLDP’s purpose: replication on multicast (labelled) packets on P
routers
• IOS(-XE): mLDP enabled by default
• IOS-XR: must enable mLDP
mpls ldp
mldp
!
router-id 10.100.1.1
Example of disabling mLDP on a link on IOS-XR: interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
address-family ipv4
mldp disable
!
!
Recap: mLDP Basics
• mLDP is on top of LDP
• clear mpls ldp neighbor
• mLDP does not have PHP: always one MPLS label on top
• A regular label is always used; explicit null label cannot be used
Signaling and
Forwarding
Recap: mLDP Signalling
• LDP Label Mapping Message FEC Type 0x100
Label
Opaque
Label FEC FEC
Type
Root
Mapping
TLV Element TLV
Message
P2M or MP2MP Down or MP2MP Up

P2MP : ingress PE
MP2MP : configured
these 3 items = uniquely Determines the service

identify the mLDP tree P routers do not interpret this value
• LDP Label Mapping Message FEC Type 0x100
Label
Opaque
Label FEC FEC
Type
Root
Mapping
TLV Element TLVshow
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2#
Message
mpls mldp database p2mp
mLDP database
LSM-ID: 0x00003 Type: P2MP Uptime: 00:40:29
FEC Root : 10.0.0.3
Opaque decoded : [mdt 65000:100 1]
Upstream neighbor(s) :
Is CSI accepting : N
10.0.0.3:0 [Active] Uptime: 00:40:29
Local Label (D) : 24014
Downstream client(s):
LDP 10.0.0.1:0 Uptime: 00:00:09
Next Hop : 10.1.8.1
these 3 items = uniquely Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
Remote label (D) : 24036
identify the mLDP tree LDP 10.0.0.7:0
Next Hop
Uptime: 00:25:26
: 10.7.8.7
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/4
Opaque Type Type Group # Bytes Supported Mcast app Spec
LSP Identifier 0 Static LSP Identifier (4) -
Global/Generic 1 mVPN Global Identifier Partitioned MDT with BGP AD RFC 6388
Identifier (4)
mVPN VPNID 2 mVPN OUI (3)
VPN Index (4) Default MDT
PMSID ID (4
Transit IPv4 3 In-band Source (4)
SSM in global RFC 6826
Source TLV signaling(global) Group (4)
Transit IPv6 4 In-band signaling Source (16)
SSM in global RFC 6826
Source TLV (global) Group (16)
Transit vpnv4 250 In-band signaling Source (4) SSM in VRF
Source TLV VPN Group (4) Partitioned MDT with no BGP AD RFC 7246
RD (8)
Transit vpnv6 251 In-band signaling Source (16)
SSM in VRF
Source TLV VPN Group (16) RFC 7246
RD (8)
Note: OUI (3) + VPN Index (4) equals vpn-id in the IOS/IOS-XR configuration
Opaque Examples
• Type 1 example:
• Opaque decoded : [global-id 2]
type 1 global-id 2
• Type 2 example: vrf one

• Opaque decoded : [mdt 65000:100 0] vpn id 65000:100
=0 : Default MDT
>0 : Data MDT type 2 vpn-id 0
65000:100
• Type 250 example:

• Opaque decoded : [vpnv4 65000:3 10.3.12.12 232.10.6.1]
type 250 (S,G) RD 65000:3

P2MP LSPs
• show mpls forwarding p2mp
• shows the p2mp LSPs in the LFIB
• show mrib mpls forwarding
• shows the link between mLDP FEC and forwarding
• show mpls mldp forwarding
• shows the forwarding information presented by mLDP to the LFIB
Check mLDP Capabilities
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE2# show mpls ldp capabilities
Type Description Owner

------ ---------------------------------------- ------------
0x50b Typed Wildcard FEC LDP
0x3eff Cisco IOS-XR LDP
0x508 MP: Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) mLDP
0x509 MP: Multipoint-to-Multipoint (MP2MP) mLDP
0x703 P2MP PW L2VPN-AToM
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE2# show mpls mldp neighbors
mLDP neighbor database

MLDP peer ID : 10.0.0.7:0, uptime 16:41:20 Up,
Capabilities : Typed Wildcard FEC, P2MP, MP2MP
Target Adj : No
Upstream count : 1
Branch count : 0
Label map timer : never
Policy filter in :
Path count : 1
Path(s) : 10.2.7.7 GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1 LDP
Adj list : 10.2.7.7 GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
Peer addr list : 10.1.7.7
: 10.2.7.7
: 10.7.8.7
: 10.7.9.7
: 10.107.9.7
: 10.1.1.7
: 10.0.0.7
Show mpls mldp status
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp status
mLDP statistics
Process status : Active, Running and Ready mLDP running?
Logging notifications : Enabled
Label release scan in : never
LSM ID scan in : never logging of mLDP DB entry changes
RIB connection status
RIB connection open
:
:
Connected
Yes
enabled?
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show run mpls ldp mldp

mpls ldp
mldp
logging notifications
!
!
mpls_ldp[1185]: %ROUTING-MLDP-5-BRANCH_DELETE : 0x00009 [mdt 65000:100 8] P2MP 10.0.0.3, Delete LDP 10.0.0.1:0 branch remote label 24033
mpls_ldp[1185]: %ROUTING-MLDP-5-BRANCH_ADD : 0x00009 [mdt 65000:100 8] P2MP 10.0.0.3, Add LDP 10.0.0.1:0 branch remote label 24033
mLDP-only SAC
• RFC 7473: State Advertisement Control for Non-negotiated LDP apps
• Have an LDP peer negotiate to advertise label bindings for certain MPLS apps or not
by means of capability exchange at LDP session establishment
• Configure LDP to negotiate the label advertisement for IPv4, IPv6, FEC128, FEC129,
and mLDP
• Request: run (m)LDP for advertisement of mLDP label bindings, but not for unicast
label bindings
• Use-case: Segment Routing network (no LDP for unicast is needed)
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3(config-ldp)# capabilities sac ?
fec128-disable Disable exchanging PW FEC128 label bindings

fec129-disable Disable exchanging PW FEC129 label bindings
ipv4-disable Disable exchanging IPv4 prefix label bindings
ipv6-disable Disable exchanging IPv6 prefix label bindings
mldp-only Only exchange mLDP label bindings
<cr>
Conventions
• Upstream label switching forwarding
24010
• Labelled packet in the direction to the root
• Downstream label switching forwarding
24004
• Labelled packet in the direction away from the root
Lab Used for All Examples
ROOT
6
PE6
ingress
1 3
24019
PE1 PE3
Receiver Source
• Last octet is router 8

number P2
• Service can be anything, 7 4

IPv4 mcast, IP mcast in P1 PE4
VRF, Default MDT, …

9
P3
egress
2 5
PE2 PE5
Receiver Source
mLDP P2MP Signaling
P2MP P2MP
6
Opaque PE6 Opaque
Root = 3 Root = 3
ROOT
1 Label 24036 Label 24014 3

PE1 PE3
Receiver Source
P2MP
Opaque
Root = 3 8
Label 24028 P2
P2MP 7
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp database p2mp
4
Opaque P1 mLDP database PE4
Root = 3 LSM-ID: 0x00003 Type: P2MP Uptime: 00:40:29
FEC Root : 10.0.0.3
Label 24004 Opaque decoded : [mdt 65000:100 1]
9 Upstream neighbor(s) :
P3 10.0.0.3:0 [Active] Uptime: 00:40:29
2 Downstream client(s):
5
LDP 10.0.0.1:0 Uptime: 00:00:09
PE2 Next Hop PE5
: 10.1.8.1
Receiver Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
LDP 10.0.0.7:0 Uptime: 00:25:26
Next Hop : 10.7.8.7
mLDP P2MP Signaling
P2MP P2MP
6
Opaque PE6 Opaque
Root = 3 Root = 3
ROOT
1 Label 24036 Label 24014 3

PE1 PE3
Receiver Source
P2MP
Opaque
Root = 3 8
Label 24028 P2
7 4
P1 PE4
P2: show mpls mldp bindings 9

P3
LSP-ID: 0x00003 Paths: 3 Flags:
0x00003 P2MP 10.0.0.3
2 [mdt 65000:100 1] 5
Local Label: 24014PE2
Active PE5
Remote Label: 24028 NH: 10.7.8.7 Inft: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/4
Receiver
Remote Label: 24036 NH: 10.1.8.1 Inft: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
mLDP P2MP Signaling RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp database p2mp
mLDP database
FEC Root : 10.0.0.3
ROOT Upstream neighbor(s) :
3 10.0.0.3:0 [Active] Uptime: 00:40:29
1 PE3
PE1
8 LDP 10.0.0.1:0 Uptime: 00:00:09
Next Hop : 10.1.8.1
P2 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
7 LDP 10.0.0.7:0 Uptime: 00:25:26
Next Hop : 10.7.8.7
P1 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/4
show mpls forwarding

Local Outgoing Prefix Outgoing Next Hop Bytes
Label Label or ID Interface Switched
------ ----------- ------------------ ------------ --------------- --------
24014 24036 mLDP/IR: 0x00003 Gi0/0/0/0 10.1.8.1 0
24028 mLDP/IR: 0x00003 Gi0/0/0/4 10.7.8.7 0
mLDP MP2MP Signaling ROOT
6 MP2MP Down
MP2MP Up PE6
Opaque
Opaque
Root = 6
1 Root = 6 3
Label 24019
PE1 Label 24010 PE3
MP2MP Down
MP2MP Down 8 Opaque
Opaque
P2 Root = 6
show mpls mldp database Root = 6 MP2MP Up
MP2MP Up Label 24027
LSM-ID: 0x00001 Type: MP2MP Uptime: 02:51:33
Label 24004 Opaque
Opaque
Root = 6
FEC Root : 10.0.0.6 Root = 6
Upstream neighbor(s) : Label 24004 Label 24020
10.0.0.6:0 [Active] Uptime: 02:51:33
Next Hop : 10.6.8.6
Local Label (D) : 24019 Remote Label (U): 24010
LDP 10.0.0.1:0 Uptime: 02:51:33
Next Hop : 10.1.8.1
Remote label (D) : 24004 Local label (U) : 24004
LDP 10.0.0.3:0 Uptime: 02:51:33
Next Hop
Interface
: 10.3.8.3
: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
root is configured on
all edge/PE routers
mLDP MP2MP Signaling ROOT
6 MP2MP Down
MP2MP Up PE6
Opaque
Opaque
Root = 6
1 Root = 6 3
Label 24019
PE1 Label 24010 PE3
MP2MP Down
MP2MP Down 8 Opaque
Opaque
P2 Root = 6
Root = 6 MP2MP Up
MP2MP Up Label 24027
Label 24004 Opaque
Opaque
Root = 6
Root = 6
Label 24004 Label 24020
show mpls mldp bindings
LSP-ID: 0x00001 Paths: 5 Flags:

0x00001 MP2MP 10.0.0.6 [mdt 65000:100 0]
Local Label: 24019 Remote: 24010 NH: 10.6.8.6 Inft: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/3 Active
Local Label: 24004 Remote: 24004 NH: 10.1.8.1 Inft: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
Local Label: 24020 Remote: 24027 NH: 10.3.8.3 Inft: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
mLDP MP2MP Signaling show mpls database
ROOT FEC Root : 10.0.0.6
6 Upstream neighbor(s) :
PE6 Is CSI accepting : N
=
24019
10.0.0.6:0 [Active] Uptime: 02:51:33
1 = 3 Next Hop
Interface
: 10.6.8.6
: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/3
PE3
PE1 Local Label (D) : 24019 Remote Label (U): 24010
8 Downstream client(s):
LDP 10.0.0.1:0 Uptime: 02:51:33
show mpls forwarding P2
Next Hop : 10.1.8.1
Local Outgoing Prefix Outgoing Next Hop Bytes Remote label (D) : 24004 Local label (U) : 24004
Label Label or ID Interface Switched LDP 10.0.0.3:0 Uptime: 02:51:33
------ ----------- ------------------ ------------ --------------- -------- Next Hop : 10.3.8.3
24004 24027 = mLDP/IR: 0x00001 Gi0/0/0/1 10.3.8.3 0 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
24010 mLDP/IR: 0x00001 Gi0/0/0/3 10.6.8.6 0
= Remote label (D) : 24027 Local label (U) : 24020
24019 24004 = mLDP/IR: 0x00001 Gi0/0/0/0 10.1.8.1 0

24027 mLDP/IR: 0x00001 Gi0/0/0/1 10.3.8.3 0 ROOT
=
6
24020 24004
24010
= mLDP/IR: 0x00001
mLDP/IR: 0x00001
Gi0/0/0/0
Gi0/0/0/3
10.1.8.1
10.6.8.6
0
0 = PE6
=
=
3
ROOT 1 PE3
PE1
6 8
PE6 P2
= = 3
1
PE1
PE3 = = = same outgoing label pairs
8
P2
MP2MP - Always Traffic to the Root
ROOT
6
PE6
24019
1 3
PE1 PE3
Receiver Source
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp database

8
mLDP database P2
FEC Root : 10.0.0.6
Opaque decoded : [mdt 65000:100 0] 7 4
P1 PE4
10.0.0.6:0 [Active] Uptime: 00:04:04
Next Hop : 10.6.8.6
Local Label (D) : 24018 Remote Label (U): 24019 9 it does not matter if
LDP 10.0.0.1:0 Uptime: 00:03:06
P3
root is PE or P router
Next Hop : 10.1.8.1
Interface 2
: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 5
Remote label (D) : 24025 PE2 Local label (U) : 24020 PE5
LDP 10.0.0.3:0 Uptime: 00:04:04
Next Hop : 10.3.8.3
MP2MP - Never U-Turning
ROOT
6
no U-turn
24018
PE6
24019
1 3
PE1 PE3
Receiver Source
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp database 8

P2
mLDP database
FEC Root : 10.0.0.6
Opaque decoded : [mdt 65000:100 0] 7 4
Upstream neighbor(s) : P1 PE4
10.0.0.6:0 [Active] Uptime: 00:04:04
Next Hop : 10.6.8.6
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/3 9
P3
LDP 10.0.0.1:0 Uptime: 00:03:06
: 10.1.8.12
Next Hop
5
Remote label (D) : 24025 PE2 Local label (U) : 24020 PE5
LDP 10.0.0.3:0 Uptime: 00:04:04
Next Hop : 10.3.8.3
Show MPLS mLDP Forwarding
Local internal label, label not used for forwarding
Local label, tail end router

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mpls mldp forwarding
mLDP MPLS forwarding database
24004 LSM-ID: 0x00001 HLI: 0x00002 flags: In Pk

24020, NH: 10.3.8.8, Intf: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 Role: H Roles:
24027 LSM-ID: 0x00001 flags: Pk
Lmdtone, RPF-ID: 1, TIDv4: E0000010, TIDv6: E0800010
H: Headend
M: Midpoint
24005 LSM-ID: 0x00001 flags: None
24027, NH: 10.3.8.3, Intf: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1 Role: M
24018 LSM-ID: 0x00001 flags: None

24027, NH: 10.3.8.3, Intf:
24010, NH: 10.4.8.4, Intf:
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1 Role: M
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/2 Role: M
Pk = Peek flag, for
punting packets
Ingress PE
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mrib vrf one route 232.10.1.1 10.3.12.12 detail RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mrib mpls forwarding head-lsm-id 0x00005
(10.3.12.12,232.10.1.1) Ver: 0x53e6 RPF nbr: 10.3.12.12 Flags: RPF EID, FMA: 0x10000 LSP information (mLDP) :
RPF-ID: 0, Encap-ID: 4 LSM-ID: 0x00005, Role: Head, Head LSM-ID: 0x00005
Incoming Interface List Incoming Label : (24029)
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1 Flags: A, Up: 01:10:12 Transported Protocol : <unknown>
Outgoing Interface List Explicit Null : None
Lmdtone Flags: F NS LMI MA, Up: 01:10:12, Head LSM-ID: 0x00005 IP lookup : disabled
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mrib encap-id 4 Outsegment Info #1 [H/Push]:

Encap ID Key : 00000105000000500000000000000000000000 OutLabel: 24029, NH: 10.3.8.8, ID: 0x5, IF: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
Encap ID Length : 19
Encap ID Value : 4
Primary FMA: 0x1, Backup FMA: 0x0
Flags (Vrflite(v4/v6),Stale,v6): N/N, N, N
Oles:
[1] type: 0x5, len: 12 Use local (internal) label to find outgoing
label/interface
LSM-ID: 0x00005 MDT: 0x50 Turnaround: FALSE
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mpls mldp database 0x00005

FEC Root : 10.0.0.3 (we are the root)
Opaque decoded : [mdt 65000:100 3] RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mpls mldp forwarding label 24029
Upstream neighbor(s) : mLDP MPLS forwarding database
None
Downstream client(s): 24029 LSM-ID: 0x00005 HLI: 0x00005 flags: In
LDP 10.0.0.8:0 Uptime: 00:58:38 24024, NH: 10.3.8.8, Intf: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 Role: H
Next Hop : 10.3.8.8
PIM MDT Uptime: 01:11:55
Egress intf : Lmdtone RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mpls forwarding labels 24029
Table ID : IPv4: 0xe0000010 IPv6: 0xe0800010 Local Outgoing Prefix Outgoing Next Hop Bytes
HLI : 0x00005 Label Label or ID Interface Switched
RPF ID : 1 ------ ----------- ------------------ ------------ --------------- --------
Ingress : Yes 24029 24024 mLDP/IR: 0x00005 Gi0/0/0/0 10.3.8.8 0
Local Label : 24029 (internal)
Egress PE
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1# show mrib vrf one route 232.10.1.1 10.3.12.12 detail
MRIB
(10.3.12.12,232.10.1.1) Ver: 0x732d RPF nbr: 10.0.0.3 Flags: RPF RPFID, FMA: 0x10000
Up: 1d19h
RPF-ID: 1, Encap-ID: 0
Incoming Interface List Outgoing label on previous hop
Lmdtone Flags: A LMI, Up: 1d19h
Outgoing Interface List
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/2 Flags: F NS, Up: 1d19h
MFIB
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1# show mpls mldp forwarding label 24037 RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1# show mfib vrf one route 232.10.1.1 10.3.12.12 detail
mLDP MPLS forwarding database
IP Multicast Forwarding Information Base
24037 LSM-ID: 0x0000E flags: None Entry flags: C - Directly-Connected Check, S - Signal, D - Drop,
Lmdtone, RPF-ID: 1, TIDv4: E0000010, TIDv6: E0800010 IA - Inherit Accept, IF - Inherit From, EID - Encap ID,
ME - MDT Encap, MD - MDT Decap, MT - MDT Threshold Crossed,
MH - MDT interface handle, CD - Conditional Decap,
DT - MDT Decap True, EX - Extranet, RPFID - RPF ID Set,
MoFE - MoFRR Enabled, MoFS - MoFRR State, X - VXLAN
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1# show mpls mldp database 0x0000E
Interface flags: F - Forward, A - Accept, IC - Internal Copy,
mLDP database
NS - Negate Signal, DP - Don't Preserve, SP - Signal Present,
LSM-ID: 0x0000E Type: P2MP Uptime: 00:14:24
EG - Egress, EI - Encapsulation Interface, MI - MDT Interface,
FEC Root : 10.0.0.5
(10.3.12.12,232.10.1.1), Flags: RPFID , FMA: 0x10000 ,
Features : MoFRR
Up: 1d19h
SW Forwarding Counts: 0/498616/13961248
SW Replication Counts: 0/498616/13961248
10.0.0.7:0 [Active] Uptime: 00:14:24
SW Failure Counts: 0/0/0/0/0
MVPN Info :-
Associated Table ID : 0xe0000000
MDT Handle: 0x0, MDT Probe:N [N], Rate:Y, Acc:Y
Egress intf : Lmdtone
MDT SW Ingress Encap V4/V6, Egress decap: 0 / 0, 0
Table ID : IPv4: 0xe0000010 IPv6: 0xe0800010
EG count: 1
RPF ID : 1
Encap ID: 0, RPF ID: 1
Local Receiver: True, Turnaround: False
Lmdtone Flags: A LMI, Up:1d19h
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/2 Flags: NS EG, Up:1d19h
Looking up mLDP Entry
• Look up mLDP database entry by: RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp database ?
<0x1-0xffffe> LSM ID
• LSM-ID brief Brief information
details Details
• Root mp2mp Show mp2mp LSPs
opaquetype specify specific opaque value
• Type of tree: P2MP vs. MP2MP p2mp
root
Show p2mp LSPs
Show based on root address
• Opaque value |
<cr>
Output Modifiers
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1# show mpls mldp database brief

• Use keyword brief to see overview
of the mLDP database
LSM ID Type Root Up Down Decoded Opaque Value
0x00003 P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 1]
0x00004 P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 2]
0x00005 P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 3]
0x00006 P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 4]
0x00007 P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 5]
0x00008 P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 6]
0x00009 P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 7]
0x0000A P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 8]
0x0000B P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 9]
0x0000C P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 10]
0x0000D P2MP 10.0.0.3 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 11]
0x00001 MP2MP 10.0.0.6 1 1 [mdt 65000:100 0]
Root and Neighbor
Finding Root (Root Lookup)
• P2MP: automatic (BGP next-hop from RIB entry)
• MP2MP: configured
• One or more root routers are configured
• Lowest distance/metric is chosen, i.e. entry in the RIB
If ECMP: round robin for each tree
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show pim rpf summary
• ISIS Mcast Topology Not configured
MoFRR Flow-based Not configured
MoFRR RIB Not configured
• SAFI 2 will be chosen if in use! RUMP MuRIB Enabled
PIM RPFs registered with Multicast RIB table

• If so, root lookup (aka RPF to the root) could fail Default RPF Table: IPv4-Multicast-default
• Configuration to use SAFI 1 at all times

RIB Convergence Timeout Value: 00:30:00
RIB Convergence Time Left: 00:00:00
Multipath RPF Selection is Disabled
mpls ldp Table: IPv4-Multicast-default

mldp PIM RPF Registrations = 0
address-family ipv4 RIB Table converged
rib unicast-always
!
Bound Addresses / Peer Address List
• Route to root-> next hop address in RIB
• Next hop addresses is looked up in bound addresses list of all mLDP
neighbors in order to find the mLDP neighbor
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE2# show mpls mldp neighbors
mLDP neighbor database

MLDP peer ID : 10.0.0.7:0, uptime 16:41:20 Up,
Capabilities : Typed Wildcard FEC, P2MP, MP2MP
Target Adj : No
Upstream count : 1
Branch count : 0
Label map timer : never
Policy filter in :
Path count : 1
Path(s) : 10.2.7.7 GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1 LDP
Adj list : 10.2.7.7 GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
Peer addr list : 10.1.7.7
: 10.2.7.7
: 10.7.8.7
: 10.7.9.7
: 10.107.9.7
: 10.1.1.7
: 10.0.0.7
IGP Cost to Neighbor
• When looking at mLDP adjacencies, IOS-XR ignores the link cost
(towards the LDP router-ID of the neighbor)
• Reason: avoid forwarding over another path, non-connected, with lower
metric
• So, any link to the adjacent mLDP router will be used, even if there
is a different IGP cost
• This applies to the up- and downstream direction
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp database
mLDP database
LSM-ID: 0x0000D Type: P2MP Uptime: 01:55:50 6
FEC Root : 10.0.0.3 PE6
Opaque decoded : [vpnv4 65000:3 10.3.12.12 232.11.12.1] ROOT
Is CSI accepting : N 1 3
10.0.0.3:0 [Active] Uptime: 01:55:50
Local Label (D) : 24016 PE1 PE3
Downstream client(s): Source
LDP 10.0.0.7:0 Uptime: 01:55:50
Next Hop : 10.7.8.7
8
P2
7 parallel links, 4
any mLDP tree can pick one of P1
equal cost PE4
the two outgoing intfs

9 RP/0/0/CPU0:P1# show mpls mldp database
P3 mLDP database
LSM-ID: 0x0000C Type: P2MP Uptime: 01:52:18
FEC Root : 10.0.0.3
2 Opaque decoded
5
: [vpnv4 65000:3 10.3.12.12 232.11.12.1]
PE2 Is CSI accepting PE5
: N
10.0.0.8:0 [Active] Uptime: 01:52:18
Receiver Local Label (D) : 24016
LDP 10.0.0.2:0 Uptime: 01:52:18
Next Hop : 10.2.7.2
no incoming intf specified Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
6
PE6
ROOT
1 3
PE1 PE3
Source
8 any mLDP tree can

pick one of the two
P2
outgoing intfs
7 IGP cost parallel links, 4
P1 100 different cost PE4
9
P3
2 5
PE2 PE5
Receiver
ECMP show mpls forwarding
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp database Local Outgoing Prefix Outgoing Next Hop Bytes
Label Label or ID Interface
mLDP database Switched
LSM-ID: 0x00001 Type: MP2MP Uptime: 1d03h ------ ----------- ------------------ ------------ --------------- ------
FEC Root : 10.0.0.6 24017 24025 10.0.0.9/32 Gi0/0/0/2 10.4.8.4 0
Opaque decoded : [mdt 65000:100 0] 24016 10.0.0.9/32 Gi0/0/0/4 10.7.8.7 0
Upstream neighbor(s) : 24016 10.0.0.9/32 Gi0/0/0/5 10.107.8.7 0
10.0.0.6:0 [Active] Uptime: 1d03h
Next Hop : 10.6.8.6
Local Label (D) : 24019 Remote Label (U): 24010 show mpls mldp neighbor
Downstream client(s): MLDP peer ID : 10.0.0.7:0, uptime 1d03h Up,
LDP 10.0.0.3:0 Uptime: 1d03h Capabilities : Typed Wildcard FEC, P2MP, MP2MP
Next Hop : 10.3.8.3 Target Adj : No
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1 Upstream count : 0
Remote label (D) : 24027 Local label (U) : 24020 Branch count : 1
LDP 10.0.0.4:0 Uptime: 1d03h Label map timer : never
Next Hop : 10.4.8.4 Policy filter in :
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/2 Path count : 2
Remote label (D) : 24010 Local label (U) : 24005 Path(s) : 10.7.8.7 GigabitEthernet0/0/0/4 LDP
LDP 10.0.0.7:0 Uptime: 1d03h : 10.107.8.7 GigabitEthernet0/0/0/5 LDP
Next Hop : 10.107.8.7 Adj list : 10.107.8.7 GigabitEthernet0/0/0/5
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/5 : 10.7.8.7 GigabitEthernet0/0/0/4
Remote label (D) : 24017 Local label (U) : 24018 Peer addr list : 10.0.0.7
: 10.107.8.7
: 10.107.9.7
: 10.7.9.7
: 10.7.8.7
only one outgoing interface from two : 10.2.7.7
: 10.1.7.7
possible interfaces
Default: no ECMP for one mLDP tree
ECMP
• One mLDP tree can have one outgoing interface only, towards a down- or
upstream neighbor
• This is shown in the mLDP database, so in control plane
• Multiple mLDP trees, will statistically load balance over different outgoing
interfaces
• Hashing used: hash based on LDP Peer address and CRC32 hash from the
mLDP FEC
Root is Reachable / not Reachable
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1# show mpls mldp root
mLDP root database

Root node : 10.0.0.3
Metric : 3
Distance : 110
FEC count : 11
Path count : 1
Path(s) : 10.1.8.8 LDP nbr: 10.0.0.8:0
Root node : 10.0.0.6

Metric : Infinity no route to root router
Distance : 255
FEC count : 1
Path count : 0
• Check route
• Check table : SAFI 1 or SAFI 2?
MP2MP Tree and Root
• One root = single point of failure
• Multiple roots (Root Node Redundancy) → multiple trees
Anycast RNR Hot Standby RNR
Primary root PE1 PE1

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1
failure
Root 1 P1 P3 Root 1 P1 P3
10.1.1.1/32 10.1.1.1/32
IGP IGP
Backup root PE2 PE2

10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2
Root 2 P2 P4 Root 2 P2 P4
10.1.1.1/31 10.1.1.2/32
IGP IGP
PE3 PE3
• One root address only, one tree active only • Multiple root addresses
• Longest match routing • Both trees active at the same time
• 10.1.1.1 can be phantom • PE router selects preferred root and sends onto that tree
only (no duplicate traffic), but receives from any tree
RNR
• Only for configured ROOT (i.e. Default MDT i.e. MP2MP tree)
• LSM-ID: 0x00050 (RNR LSM-ID: 0x00051) Type: MP2MP

Uptime: 00:46:32
RNR LSM ID: Identifier of the LSP, assigned to the active LSP
How is the root chosen? Closest metric and then highest IP address
RNR: Anycast
6
PE6
active 1 MP2MP tree 3

ROOT PE1 PE3
Source
10.0.0.99/32 S1
IGP
8
P2
7 4
P1 PE4
Receiver
10.0.0.99/31 9
P3
IGP
standby 2 5
ROOT PE2 PE5
Source
S2
RNR: Anycast
6
PE6

ROOT PE1 PE3
failure Source
10.0.0.99/32 S1
IGP
8
P2
active root failure

7 4
P1 PE4
Receiver
10.0.0.99/31 9
P3
IGP
standby 2 5
ROOT PE2 PE5
Source
S2
RNR: Hot Standby
primary root = PE1
6 secondary root = PE2
PE6

ROOT PE1 PE3
Source
S1
primary root = PE2
P2
7 4
P1 PE4
Receiver
primary root = PE2
P3
active 2 5
ROOT PE2 PE5
MP2MP tree Source
S2
PE3 and PE5 send/receive onto/from different MP2MP trees

RNR: Hot Standby
primary root = PE1
6
PE6

ROOT PE1 PE3
Source
S1
8 primary root = PE1

P2
7 4
P1 PE4
Receiver
active root failure primary root = PE1
9
P3
active 2 5
ROOT failure
PE2 PE5
MP2MP tree Source
S2
end-to-end convergence = speed of IGP convergence

RNR: Hot Standby RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mpls mldp database mp2mp
mLDP database
LSM-ID: 0x00047 (RNR LSM-ID: 0x00032) Type: MP2MP Uptime: 00:03:18
multicast-routing FEC Root : 10.0.0.1
vrf one Opaque decoded : [mdt 65000:100 0]
address-family ipv4 RNR active LSP : LSM-ID: 0x00048 (root: 10.0.0.2)
Candidate RNR ID(s): 00000047
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1 Upstream neighbor(s) :
enable Is CSI accepting : N
! 10.0.0.8:0 [Active] Uptime: 00:03:18
Next Hop : 10.3.8.8
mdt source Loopback0 Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
rate-per-route Local Label (D) : 24049 Remote Label (U): 24046
accounting per-prefix Downstream client(s):
mdt default mldp ipv4 10.0.0.1 Egress intf : Lmdtone
mdt default mldp ipv4 10.0.0.2 Table ID : IPv4: 0xe0000010 IPv6: 0xe0800010
mdt data 100 immediate-switch RPF ID : 7
LSM-ID: 0x00048 (RNR LSM-ID: 0x00032) Type: MP2MP Uptime: 00:03:18

FEC Root : 10.0.0.2
RNR active LSP : (this entry)
Candidate RNR ID(s): 00000047
10.0.0.8:0 [Active] Uptime: 00:03:18
Next Hop : 10.3.8.8
check for active root

Egress intf : Lmdtone
Table ID : IPv4: 0xe0000010 IPv6: 0xe0800010
HLI : 0x00032
RPF ID : 7
mLDP MoFRR UCMP ( + variance) is possible
• Multicast Only Fast ReRoute router ospf 1
router-id 10.100.1.2
• Requirements: ucmp variance 500
• Only inband signalling

• Multipath: IGP
• Only RIB-based, not Netflow-based
• 100’s msec of restoration
• Egress PE initiates two mLDP trees towards ingress PE

• Traffic is forwarded on two trees, egress PE forwards only from one
tree towards receiver
• If primary path goes down, egress PE starts forwarding from
backup mLDP path/tree
mLDP MoFRR
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE2# show mpls mldp database
mLDP database
6
FEC Root : 10.0.0.3 PE6
ROOT
Opaque decoded : [vpnv4 65000:3 10.3.12.12 232.11.12.1]
Features : MoFRR 1 3
Is CSI accepting : N PE1 PE3
10.0.0.9:0 [Active] Uptime: 01:25:08 Source
10.0.0.7:0 [Inactive] Uptime: 01:11:15
8
Downstream client(s): P2
Egress intf : Imdtone
Table ID : IPv4: 0xe0000010 7 4
RPF ID : 1
P1 PE4
RD : 65000:3
ECMP towards
9 ingress PE
P3 ROOT
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE2# show route 10.0.0.3
2 5
Routing entry for 10.0.0.3/32
PE2 PE5metric 4, type intra area
Known via "ospf 1", distance 110,
mpls ldp Installed Apr 12 09:28:05.077 for 00:00:29
Receiver mldp Routing Descriptor Blocks
logging notifications 10.2.9.9, from 10.0.0.3, via GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
logging internal Route metric is 4
address-family ipv4 10.2.7.7, from 10.0.0.3, via GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1
Route metric is 4
mofrr
mLDP MoFRR
primary path is down
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE2# show mpls mldp database
mLDP database 6
LSM-ID: 0x00002 Type: P2MP Uptime: 01:26:26 PE6
FEC Root : 10.0.0.3 ROOT
Opaque decoded : [vpnv4 65000:3 10.3.12.12 232.11.12.1]
Features : MoFRR 1 3
Upstream neighbor(s) : PE1 PE3
10.0.0.7:0 [Active] Uptime: 01:12:33 Source
PIM MDT Uptime: 01:26:26 8
Egress intf : Imdtone
P2
Table ID : IPv4: 0xe0000010
RPF ID : 1
RD : 65000:3
7 4
P1 PE4
9
P3
2 5
PE2 PE5
mpls ldp
Receiver mldp
logging notifications
logging internal
address-family ipv4
mofrr
Protecting mLDP
Protecting mLDP
• Two solutions
1. Unicast TE LSPs
• Requires to have MPLS Traffic Engineering
• Backup auto-tunnels can be used to protect primary onehop tunnels protecting
all links
2. LFA
• Loop Free Alternate
• Per-prefix FRR
• No signalling involved
• Always use BFD for fast detection of link going down

• Backup path is precomputed
Protection using Unicast TE LSP
•
•
Primary onehop TE auto-tunnels with FRR on
Backup TE auto-tunnels } protect
mLDP traffic
ipv4 unnumbered mpls traffic-eng Loopback0 mpls traffic-eng

ipv4 prefix-list mesh-list interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/4
10 permit 10.0.0.0/24 le 32 link IP addresses auto-tunnel backup
! nhop-only
router ospf 1 !
router-id 10.0.0.8 !
area 0 logging events all
mpls traffic-eng !
interface Loopback0 auto-tunnel mesh
! group 1
! primary onehop onehop
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/4
network point-to-point
TE auto-tunnels attribute-set group-1-attr
destination-list mesh-list
! !
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/5 tunnel-id min 2000 max 2999
network point-to-point !
! backup TE auto-tunnel backup
! auto-tunnels tunnel-id min 3000 max 3999
mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0 !
! attribute-set auto-mesh group-1-attr
logging events lsp-status state
logging events lsp-status reroute
fast-reroute
!
!
TE Auto-Tunnels
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls traffic-eng tunnels 2001
6 Name: tunnel-te2001 Destination: 10.1.8.1 Ifhandle:0x270 (auto-tunnel mesh onehop)

PE6 Signalled-Name: autom_P2_t2001_mg1
Status:
primary onehop ...

Admin: up Oper: up Path: valid Signalling: connected
1 3
auto-tunnel Auto-tunnel Mesh:
Group ID: 1
PE1 PE3
Destination list: mesh-list
...
Current LSP Info:
Outgoing Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0, Outgoing Label: implicit-null
Router-IDs: local 10.0.0.8
failure downstream 10.0.0.1
8 ...
backup P2
auto-tunnel RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls traffic-eng fast-reroute database interface gig 0/0/0/0
7 4
Tunnel head FRR information:
label 24018 of backup Tunnel Out Intf : Label FRR Intf : Label
------------ ------------------ ------------------
Status
-------
PE4
P1
tunnel is pushed tt2001 Gi0/0/0/0:Pop tt3000:Pop Ready
9 RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls traffic-eng tunnels 3000 detail
P3 Name: tunnel-te3000 Destination: 10.0.0.1 Ifhandle:0x2b0 (auto-tunnel backup)

Signalled-Name: autob_P2_t3000_Gi0_0_0_0
Status:
2
Admin: up Oper: up Path: valid Signalling: connected
5
path option (autob_nhop_te3000), preference 20, type explicit (autob_nhop_te3000) (Basis for Setup, path weight 2)
PE2 Accumulative metrics: TE 2 IGP PE5
2 Delay 600000
path option (autob_nhop_srlg_te3000), preference 10, type explicit (autob_nhop_srlg_te3000) [disabled]...
Current LSP Info:
Instance: 2, Signaling Area: OSPF 1 area 0
Uptime: 15:24:38 (since Thu Apr 25 14:59:58 UTC 2019)
Outgoing Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/4, Outgoing Label: 24018
...
LFIB Details
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls forwarding labels 24014 private
------ ----------- ------------------ ------------ --------------- ------------
24014 mLDP/IR: 0x00003 (0x00003)
Updated Apr 25 14:35:40.127
mLDP/IR LSM-ID: 0x00003, MDT: 0x0
timestamps !
Flags:IP Lookup:not-set, Expnullv4:not-set, Expnullv6:not-set
Payload Type v4:not-set, Payload Type v6:not-set, l2vpn:not-set
Head:not-set, Tail:not-set, Bud:not-set, Peek:not-set, inclusive:not-set
Ingress Drop:not-set, Egress Drop:not-set
RPF-ID:0, Encap-ID:0
Disp-Tun:[ifh:0x0, label:-]
Platform Data [4]:
{ 1 0 0 0 }
mpls paths: 2, local mpls paths: 2, protected mpls paths: 2
2 outgoing interfaces are
24036 mLDP/IR: 0x00003 (0x00003) \ protected by TE LSP
}
Gi0/0/0/0 10.1.8.1 0
Updated: Apr 25 14:35:40.127
Event History: FIB-MPLS-MPI-EVENT-CLASS

Total entries : 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Event | Time Stamp | S, M | 1 outgoing interface (branch),
repeated for other interfaces
|---------------------------------+----------------------+------|
| object created | Apr 25 14:35:40.160 | 1, 0 |
| pd object create | Apr 25 14:35:40.160 | 1, 0 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Packets Switched: 0
Event History: FIB-MPLS-MOL-EVENT-CLASS
Total entries : 6
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Event | Time Stamp | S, M |
|---------------------------------+----------------------+------|
| object created | Apr 25 08:08:53.504 | 1, 0 |
| pd object create
| pd object unbind
| Apr 25 08:08:53.504 | 1, 0 |
| Apr 25 14:35:21.600 | 1, 1 |
event log for the mLDP entry
| object modify | Apr 25 14:35:40.160 | 1, 1 |
| pd object bind | Apr 25 14:35:40.160 | 1, 1 |
| pd object modify | Apr 25 14:35:40.160 | 1, 1 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Protection using LFA
• Enable LFA for the IGP
• LDP Session Protection is needed
• Forwarding recursive is needed
router ospf 1 mpls ldp

router-id 10.0.0.8 mldp
bfd minimum-interval 200 address-family ipv4
bfd fast-detect make-before-break delay 60 30
fast-reroute per-prefix forwarding recursive
area 0 !
interface Loopback0 !
! router-id 10.0.0.8
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 session protection
network point-to-point address-family ipv4
! discovery targeted-hello accept
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/1 !
network point-to-point interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
! address-family ipv4
!
Recursive Forwarding
• Recursive forwarding allows to forward to neighbor IP address instead of
outgoing interface
mpls ldp
mldp
address-family ipv4
make-before-break delay 60 30
forwarding recursive
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mrib mpls forwarding labels 24017 RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mrib mpls forwarding labels 24017
LSP information (mLDP) : LSP information (mLDP) :

LSM-ID: 0x00001, Role: Mid LSM-ID: 0x00001, Role: Mid
Incoming Label : 24017 Incoming Label : 24017
Transported Protocol : <unknown> Transported Protocol : <unknown>
Explicit Null : None Explicit Null : None
IP lookup : disabled IP lookup : disabled
Outsegment Info #1 [M/Swap]: Outsegment Info #1 [M/Swap, Recursive]:

OutLabel: 24017, NH: 10.1.1.7, ID: 0x1, IF: GigabitEthernet0/0/0/5 OutLabel: 24025, NH: 10.0.0.1, ID: 0x1, Sel IF: Un:0x800300
link IP addresses neighbor LDP router-ID IP addresses
Session Protection
6
PE6
RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls ldp discovery
(m)LDP session
1 3 10.0.0.8:0
Local LDP Identifier:
Discovery Sources:
PE1 PE3
Interfaces:
GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 : xmit/recv
VRF: 'default' (0x60000000)
failure
LDP Id: 10.0.0.1:0, Transport address: 10.0.0.1
8 Hold time: 15 sec (local:15 sec, peer:15 sec)
Established: Apr 26 11:56:19.426 (00:32:22 ago)
P2 …
Targeted Hellos:
10.0.0.8 -> 10.0.0.1 (active), xmit/recv
7 4
LDP Id: 10.0.0.1:0
Hold time:
PE490 sec (local:90 sec, peer:90 sec)
P1
Established: Apr 26 09:37:56.794 (02:50:45 ago)
9
P3
2 5
PE2
link adjacency willPE5
be protected
by targeted LDP neighbor
MPLS OAM
mLDP OAM (Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance)
• MPLS OAM
• Similar to ping and traceroute: echo request and echo reply
• UDP packets, ports 3503
• P2P
• Enhanced packets:
• More output (return codes)
• Verification (next-hop, labels, timestamps,…)
• mLDP OAM
• Works with mLDP
• P2MP and MP2MP trees
• Difference with P2P ping/traceroute: multiple replies
MPLS Echo Request/Reply
MPLS Echo
MPLS Header Msg Type (Request/Reply)
Return Code
TTL is configurable Return Subcode
Router Alert Label (optional)
Vendor Private TLV
IP Header Cisco Specific
Destination : 127.0.0.x Target FEC Stack
Router Alert Option IPv4
RSVP-TE
UDP Header PW
Source and Destination port mLDP
3503 BGP
SR
…
MPLS Echo Message Optional TLVs

DSMAP, DDMAP
Jitter
Pad
Repsonder-ID
MPLS OAM: Return Codes/Return Subcodes
Value meaning
0 No return code
RSC = Return Subcode,
specifying stack depth
1 Malformed echo request received
2 One or more of the TLVs was not understood
3 Replying router is an egress for the FEC at stack- depth <RSC>
4 Replying router has no mapping for the FEC at stack- depth <RSC>
5 Downstream Mapping Mismatch
6 Upstream Interface Index Unknown
7 Reserved
8 Label switched at stack-depth <RSC>
9 Label switched but no MPLS forwarding at stack-depth <RSC>
10 Mapping for this FEC is not the given label at stack- depth <RSC>
11 No label entry at stack-depth <RSC>

12 Protocol not associated with interface at FEC stack- depth <RSC>
13 Premature termination of ping due to label stack shrinking to a single label
14 The Return Code is per "Downstream Detailed Mapping TLV"
https://www.iana.org/assignments/mpls-lsp-ping-parameters/mpls-lsp-ping-parameters.xhtml#return-codes
Ping MPLS mLDP MP2MP
• Can be initiated from any ingress PE or the root, not a P router
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# ping mpls mldp mp2mp 10.0.0.6 mdt 65000:100 0 verbose
Sending 1, 100-byte MPLS Echos to mldp mp2mp 10.0.0.6 mdt (vpn-id:65000:100, mdt:0),
vpn id configured + 0 for Default MDT

timeout is 2.2 seconds, send interval is 0 msec, jitter value is 200 msec:
Codes: '!' - success, 'Q' - request not sent, '.' - timeout,

'L' - labeled output interface, 'B' - unlabeled output interface,
'D' - DS Map mismatch, 'F' - no FEC mapping, 'f' - FEC mismatch,
'M' - malformed request, 'm' - unsupported tlvs, 'N' - no rx label,
'P' - no rx intf label prot, 'p' - premature termination of LSP,
'R' - transit router, 'I' - unknown upstream index,
codes
'X' - unknown return code, 'x' - return code 0, 'd' - DDMAP
Type escape sequence to abort.
Request #1
! size 100, reply addr 10.6.8.6, return code 3
! size 100, reply addr 10.1.7.1, return code 3
!
!
size
size
100,
100,
reply
reply
addr
addr
10.2.7.2,
10.4.8.4,
return
return
code
code
3
3
egress PE routers and root (root replies,
! size 100, reply addr 10.5.9.5, return code 3 even if it is not an egress PE) reply
Round-trip min/avg/max = 40/96/140 ms
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : Echo Hdr decode: version:[1], msg type:[2], reply mode:[2],
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : return_code:[3], return_subcode:[1], sender handle:[815],
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : sequence number:[1],
“debug mpls oam tlv” to show

lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : timestamp sent:[E05E952B.9183D6A4 (05:29:15.568 UTC Mon Apr 15 2019)],
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : timestamp rcvd:[E05E9513.1C2F15AC (05:28:51.110 UTC Mon Apr 15 2019)]
MPLS OAM packet content

lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : Vendor Private, tlvtype:[0xfc00], tlvlength:[0xc]
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : Cisco ext Enterprise TLV decode: size:[12]
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : type:[1], length:[4], tlv revision:[0x4]
Traceroute MPLS mLDP MP2MP
• Can be initiated from any ingress PE or the root, not a P router
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# traceroute mpls mldp mp2mp 10.0.0.6 mdt 65000:100 0 ddmap verbose
Tracing MPLS Label Switched Path to mldp mp2mp 10.0.0.6 mdt (vpn-id:65000:100, mdt:0),
timeout is 2.2 seconds, jitter value is 200 msec
Codes: '!' - success, 'Q' - request not sent, '.' - timeout,

'L' - labeled output interface, 'B' - unlabeled output interface,
'D' - DS Map mismatch, 'F' - no FEC mapping, 'f' - FEC mismatch,
'M' - malformed request, 'm' - unsupported tlvs, 'N' - no rx label,
'P' - no rx intf label prot, 'p' - premature termination of LSP,
'R' - transit router, 'I' - unknown upstream index,
'X' - unknown return code, 'x' - return code 0, 'd' - DDMAP
Type escape sequence to abort.
d 1 10.3.8.8 30 ms [Estimated Role: Unknown], ret code 14

! 2 10.4.8.4 70 ms [Estimated Role: Egress], ret code 3
d 3 10.4.9.9 60 ms [Estimated Role: Unknown], ret code 14
traceroute continues “forever”

. 5 *
. 6 *
number of egress PE routers is unknown to source PE

. 7 *
...
. 29 *
. 30 * lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : Echo Hdr decode: version:[1], msg type:[2], reply mode:[2],
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : return_code:[3], return_subcode:[1], sender handle:[82a],
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : sequence number:[2],
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : timestamp sent:[E05EB7E5.5E92A0AC (07:57:25.369 UTC Mon Apr 15 2019)],
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : timestamp rcvd:[E05EB84F.3E1E69F8 (07:59:11.242 UTC Mon Apr 15 2019)]
“debug mpls oam tlv” to show lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : Vendor Private, tlvtype:[0xfc00], tlvlength:[0xc]
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : Cisco ext Enterprise TLV decode: size:[12]
MPLS OAM packet content lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : type:[1], length:[4], tlv revision:[0x4]
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : Echo packet decoded assuming tlv version:[4]
lspv_server[1114]: [1] DBG-TLV: : mLDP MDT Opaque encode: vpn id 65000:100, mdt 0
mLDP Trace
RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mpls mldp trace database ?
error Display mLDP error trace entries

fec Display mLDP FEC trace entries
file Specific file
global Display mLDP global event trace entries
hexdump Display traces in hexadecimal
last Display last <n> entries
location Card location
reverse Display latest traces first
stats Display statistics
tailf Display new traces as they are added
udir A temporary directory to copy traces from remote locations
unique Unique entries with counts
usec Display timestamp w/usec detail
verbose Display internal debugging information
wide Dont display buffer name, node name, tid
wrapping Wrapping entries
| Output Modifiers
<cr>
example
Apr 10 14:26:10.395 MLDP LSP 0/0/CPU0 t22 DB : 0x00004 Branch LDP 10.0.0.8:0 binding list Remote Add
Apr 10 14:26:10.395 MLDP LSP 0/0/CPU0 t22 DB : 0x00004 Add branch LDP 10.0.0.8:0 Label 24021
Apr 10 14:26:10.395 MLDP LSP 0/0/CPU0 t22 DB : 0x00004 Checkpoint save lbl no_label length: 100 obj 40002f78 version 1 Success
Apr 10 14:26:10.395 MLDP LSP 0/0/CPU0 t22 DB : 0x00004 Checkpoint save Main Entry active 0.0.0.0:0 rec_nh 0.0.0.0 rec_rd 0:0 cont...
Apr 10 14:26:10.395 MLDP LSP 0/0/CPU0 t22 DB : 0x00004 Add LSM-ID type: Main Entry FEC length: 24
Apr 10 14:26:10.395 MLDP LSP 0/0/CPU0 t22 DB : P2MP Label mapping from 10.0.0.8:0 label 24021 root 10.0.0.3 Opaque Len 19
Additional mLDP Commands
• show mpls ldp gr • debug mpls ldp mldp error

• Displays LDP GR global + peer-peer • debug mpls ldp mldp generic
status/info
• debug mpls ldp mldp gr
• show mpls ldp nsr summary
• mLDP Gracefull Restart debugs
• Displays LDP NSR sync status
• debug mpls ldp mldp mfi
• show mpls ldp trace mldp
• mLDP MPLS Forwarding Infrastructure debugs
• Displays LDP traces for mLDP interactions
• debug mpls ldp mldp neighbors
• debug mpls ldp mldp sig [peer ] [root ]
• mLDP neighbors debugs
• show mrib trace lsm
• show mpls ldp mldp trace
• show mLDP trace data
• debug mpls ldp mldp all
• debug mpls ldp mldp database
Netflow for Troubleshooting
• Sample mLDP packets on ingress on P router
sampler-map sampler-1
random 1 out-of 1
sample map
flow monitor-map MPLS

record mpls ipv4-ipv6-fields monitor map
interface Bundle-Ether2
description interface to ingress PE router
mtu 9216
service-policy input Count-Ingress-by-Classes
ipv4 address 10.0.56.1 255.255.255.0
ipv6 address 2001:db8:0:56::1/64
flow mpls monitor MPLS sampler sampler-1 ingress
in- or egress interface
!
Netflow for Troubleshooting
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:motorhead# show flow monitor MPLS cache payload mpls ipv4 format table location 0/1/CPU0
Cache summary for Flow Monitor MPLS:
Cache size: 65535
Current entries: 2
Flows added: 75
Flows not added: 0
Ager Polls:
- Active timeout
2075
0 caught PIM hello from
- Inactive timeout 73 1
- TCP FIN flag
- Emergency aged
0
0
ingress PE over mLDP tree
- Counter wrap aged 0
- Total 73
Periodic export:
- Counter wrap 0
- TCP FIN flag 0
Flows exported 0
LabelType Prefix/Length Label1-EXP-S Label2-EXP-S Label3-EXP-S Label4-EXP-S Label5-EXP-S Label6-EXP-S InputInterface

OutputInterface ForwardStatus FirstSwitched LastSwitched ByteCount PacketCount Dir SamplerID IPV4SrcAddr
IPV4DstAddr IPV4TOS IPV4Prot L4SrcPort L4DestPort L4TCPFlags InputVRFID OutputVRFID
Unknown 0.0.0.0/0 17179-6-1 - - - - - BE2
0 Fwd 41 14:20:28:648 41 14:20:28:648 62 1 Ing 7 10.0.0.4
1 224.0.0.13 0xc0 pim 0 0 0 default 0
Unknown 0.0.0.0/0 17179-0-1 - - - - - BE2

0 Fwd 41 14:20:20:430 41 14:20:29:829 786132 783 Ing 7 10.99.99.4
232.1.1.1 0 icmp 0 2048 0 default 0
2
Matching entries: 2
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:motorhead# show mpls forwarding labels 17179
caught multicast traffic

2
over mLDP tree
------ ----------- ------------------ ------------ --------------- ------------
17179 25158 mLDP/IR: 0x00003 BE13 10.0.13.2 7942524
25664 mLDP/IR: 0x00003 Te0/6/0/5 192.168.33.2 7942524
Wireshark: Data
unicast destination MAC !
unicast and multicast use 0x8847
1 MPLS label
multicast data
Wireshark: OAM
MPLS OAM echo

filter for echo msg: requests and
mpls_echo.msg_type replies
UDP port 3503
Echo content
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#CLUS

Luc De Ghein - Technical Leader

Webex Teams will be moderated cs.co/ciscolivebot#BRKIPM-3114

P2M or MP2MP Down or MP2MP Up

these 3 items = uniquely Determines the service

LSP Identifier 0 Static LSP Identifier (4) -

• Type 2 example: vrf one

• Type 250 example:

type 250 (S,G) RD 65000:3

Type Description Owner

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE2# show mpls mldp neighbors

mLDP neighbor database

RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show run mpls ldp mldp

fec128-disable Disable exchanging PW FEC128 label bindings

• Upstream label switching forwarding

• Downstream label switching forwarding

• Last octet is router 8

• Service can be anything, 7 4

VRF, Default MDT, …

1 Label 24036 Label 24014 3

1 Label 24036 Label 24014 3

P2: show mpls mldp bindings 9

show mpls forwarding

show mpls mldp bindings

LSP-ID: 0x00001 Paths: 5 Flags:

24019 24004 = mLDP/IR: 0x00001 Gi0/0/0/0 10.1.8.1 0

RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp database

RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls mldp database 8

Local label, tail end router

24004 LSM-ID: 0x00001 HLI: 0x00002 flags: In Pk

24018 LSM-ID: 0x00001 flags: None

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mrib encap-id 4 Outsegment Info #1 [H/Push]:

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE3# show mpls mldp database 0x00005

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE1# show mpls mldp database brief

PIM RPFs registered with Multicast RIB table

• Configuration to use SAFI 1 at all times

mpls ldp Table: IPv4-Multicast-default

RP/0/0/CPU0:PE2# show mpls mldp neighbors

mLDP neighbor database

the two outgoing intfs

8 any mLDP tree can

mLDP root database

Root node : 10.0.0.6

Primary root PE1 PE1

Backup root PE2 PE2

• LSM-ID: 0x00050 (RNR LSM-ID: 0x00051) Type: MP2MP

active 1 MP2MP tree 3

active 1 MP2MP tree 3

active root failure

active 1 MP2MP tree 3

PE3 and PE5 send/receive onto/from different MP2MP trees

active 1 MP2MP tree 3

8 primary root = PE1

end-to-end convergence = speed of IGP convergence

LSM-ID: 0x00048 (RNR LSM-ID: 0x00032) Type: MP2MP Uptime: 00:03:18

check for active root

• Only inband signalling

• Egress PE initiates two mLDP trees towards ingress PE

• Always use BFD for fast detection of link going down

ipv4 unnumbered mpls traffic-eng Loopback0 mpls traffic-eng

6 Name: tunnel-te2001 Destination: 10.1.8.1 Ifhandle:0x270 (auto-tunnel mesh onehop)

primary onehop ...

9 RP/0/0/CPU0:P2# show mpls traffic-eng tunnels 3000 detail