Design of Dual-band Microstrip antenna for WiMax
and X band applications
Prahlad, Prasanna.M, Rakesh.V, Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed
School of ECE REVA University Bengaluru-64, India
Email:prahladpallu1998@gmail.com, prasanna.m2097@gmail.com, rakeshvcr@gmail.com, riyaz@reva.edu.in
Abstract—While the major part of wireless communication
industry is driven by the motto of ’Small is Beautiful’, all devices
and processing units have been miniaturized owing to Moore’s
Law, except antennas. In an attempt to realize compact sized
antennas, microstrip antennas have become a prominent and
pleasing prospects for this purpose. While transrecieving anten-
nas avoid the need of two separate antennas for transmission and
reception, dual band antennas go one step ahead and operate in
two bands there by avoiding individual antennas for each band.
In this work, a Microstrip patch antenna for WiMax and X
band wireless applications is proposed. The antenna shows the
resonant behavior at 3.8 and 9 GHz with fractional bandwidths
of about 159.2 MHz(3.713 GHz to 3.8722 GHz) for WiMax and
263.4 MHz (8.9053 GHz to 9.1687 GHz) for X band application.
The significance of various performance parameters, of proposed
antenna’s is analyzed and discussed by various parametric study.
Index Terms—Dualband, Line feed, Microstrip Patch antenna,
Wimax, X band.
I. I NTRODUCTION
In recent times, the compact multiband microstrip patch
antenna has received an alarming amount of attention due
to its low profile and ease of fabrication in the field of
antenna design. Its adaptability to all the efficient feeding
and polarisation techniques has uplifted its proliferation into
today’s growing IoT market.
The microstrip patch antenna may come in various shapes
such as a rectangle, ring, circular or so but have a common
constituency. A continuous metal layer known as the ground
plane is bonded onto the base of a dielectric substrate over
which, the patch is fabricated by etching the antenna element
pattern in a metal trace. The ground plane provides sufficient
reflections to the fringing fields which are incurred owing to
the change in the framework of the antenna. An air-based
microstrip patch structure is used as it facilitates a reduction in
dielectric losses and leads to improved impedance bandwidth.
Low impedance matching, reduced gain and efficiency and
relatively high cross polarisation, and large ohmic losses with
minimal power handling capability are a few mentionable
drawbacks. the multiband patch antennas can be used for many
wireless communication fields such as the.
Nowadays, multiband microstrip patch antennas are inves-
tigated because it can be used for many wireless communica-
tionfields such as the Wireless Local Area Networks(WLANs),
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID),Radio location, FSS
military, WiMax, and other application. Devices where WiMax
and X band useed are mobile broadband connectivity and FSS
978-1-5386-5657-0/18/$31.00 2018
c IEEE 598
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TABLE I
C OMPARISON BETWEEN W I M AX AND X BAND F REQUENCIES
Band Operating Fre- Operating Data Application
Name quency Range Speed
WiMax 2GHz - 6GHz < 50Km ∼70Mbps VoIP Calling
X-band 8GHz - 12GHz < 60Km ∼300Mbps Radar Detector
Military application respectively[4]. Among all the frequency
band WiMax has better operating range of < 50Km with data
speed of ∼ 70mbps of clear IP video calling ability.X-band
also have better operating range of < 60Km and having better
data speed of ∼ 300mbps so it is used in Radar and other
military detection area.
Compare to other Broadband services WiMAX is a faster
and it is easy to extend because it is not required any
lay cables so it will reduce the cost. X band is used for
Radar application because compare to other band its Doppler
Velocity is double sharply which will give more accuracy.
Some other application are space communication, terrestrial
networks and motion detector.The major design issue during
designing of the patch antenna are dimensions, feeding tech-
niques, and various polarization mechanisms. Patch antenna
can be fed by various techniques which are microstrip line
feed, aperture/slot-coupled feed and probe feed[7]. Compared
to these feeding method microstrip line or offset feeding is
more reliable, ease of fabrication, good feed radiation and
better impedance matching[8].
During design of a patch antenna many parameters are
effecting on the performance of it, such as air gap, Size
and properties of dielectric substrate,dimension of feed strip,
separation distance and different shapes of radiator patch. In
this work, a dual-band Microstrip antenna is proposed.Here
calculated results all are in mili meter and planar configuration
antenna is obtained here. FR4 Epoxy is a substrate which
is used here, which has 1.6 mm thickness, 4.4 dielectric
constant with 0.02 is the loss tangent. WI-Max and FSS
military applications of this antenna.The antenna is designed
and simulated by using Ansoft HFSS[6].
II. G EOMETRY OF M ICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
For the design of microstrip antenna, the choice of substrate
material is played very important. The larger the substrate
thickness, the wider the bandwidth of antenna will get. How-
ever, the broader the bandwidth can cause the surface waves or
spurious radiation on the patch. Therefore, substrate selection
very prominent in antenna design consideration. Here substrate TABLE II
FR4 epoxy is used, which has excellent mechanical property C ALCULATED PARAMETERS FOR THE M ICROSTRIP
PATCH A NTENNA
and low cost. FR4 epoxy has a permittivity of 4.4 with a
height of 1.6 mm with dielectric loss tangent 0.02 is selected Parameters Symbol Value
Substrate permitivity r 4.4
for patch antenna design of this study. Thickness of Substrate h 1.6 mm
Patch Length Lp 8.799 mm
A. Design Equation Patch Width Wp 15.7391 mm
The proposed structure is designed by using the set of Ground Length Lg 18.399 mm
Ground Width Wg 25.339 mm
equation which are given below[5][8][9]. Feed Length Lf 5.075 mm
1) Estimation of Width of patch antenna: Width of mi- Feed Width Wf 1 mm
crostrip antenna given by
c 4) Estimation of Length Extension (ΔL):
Wp =  (1)
r + 1
2f0 (ef t + 0.3)( Whp + 0.264)
2 ΔL = 0.412h (5)
(ef t − 0.258)( Whp + 0.8)
Where fo is the operating frequency of 3.8 GHz, c is the speed
of light in air is 3x108 m\sec and r is dielectric permitivity 5) Estimation of actual Length of proposed Patch antenna
of substrate is 4.4. (Lp ):
2) Estimation of Effective dielectric constant (ef t ): Where Lp = Lef t − 2ΔL (6)
h is thickness or height of the substrate which is 1.6mm. When we substitute the value ofLef t and ΔL we will get
W
When hp > 1,
√ W
length of patch is 8.799mm.
Zo = Zf 2π ef t ln(8 Whp + hp ) 6) Estimation of Ground Dimensions (Lg ,Wg ):
r + 1 r − 1 h −1 Wp 2 Lg = 6h + Lp (7)
ef t = + [(1+12 ) 2 +0.04(1− ) ] (2)
2 2 Wp h
W
When hp < 1, Wg = 6h + Wp (8)
Zf
Zo = √ Wp Wp
Length and Width of ground is 18.399mm and 29.339mm
ef t (1.393+ h + 23 ln( h +1.44))
r + 1 r − 1 h −1 respectively.
ef t = + [(1 + 12 )2 ] (3) 7) Estimation of Length of the feed(Lf ):
2 2 Wp
Here h is substrate height which is 6mm and Zf is wave λg
Lf = (9)
impedance of free space which is equal to 376.8. 4
3) Estimation of Effective Length (Lef t ): Where λg is Guide wavelength, which is given by
c λ
Lef t = √ (4) λg = √ (10)
2fo ef t ef t
When we substitute the value of λg in equation 8 we will get
length of the feed in 5.075mm. For finding the value of λ we

 have to go through equation 10, which is given by
c
λ= (11)

 fo
Where c is the speed of light in air is 3x108 m\sec and f is
operating frequency of 3.8GHz.

  B. Analysis of Equivalent Circuit


A common and simple equivalent circuit of proposed rect-
 angular patch antenna is showed in figure 2. Which consists
of parallel connection of resistor(R), capacitor(C) and conduc-
tance(G) with series connection of inductor(L). The values of
each elements are calculated by the equation given
Lp Wp  o  r Π
C= cos2 ( Lp ) (12)
2h Xo
Q
Fig. 1. Front view geometry Microstrip Patch antenna R= 2 (13)
wr C

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 1
G= (14)
R
Q
L= (15)
wr2 C
Where Lp is length of patch,Wp is width of patch, o is per-



mitivity of the media, r is dielectric permitivity of substrate

is 4.4. Q is the quality factor which is given by
√
c r
Q= (16)
4fo h

L
Fig. 2. Return Loss at 3.8GHz and 9GHz

R G C
Here Inducter(L) and Resistor(R) are connected in series
because antenna fed by a line feed and Conductance (G)and
Capacitor (C) are formed by the rectangular patch.
III. D ESIGN PARAMETERS OF ANTENNA
Fig. 1 describes the front view of proposed microstrip patch
antenna by using Ansoft HFSS which has line feed patch
with dual-band of WiMax and X-band operations. For better
impedance matching, the dimension and feed point location
for the proposed antenna has been optimized. Designed pa-
rameters of of proposed patch antenna is given is table 1.
The obtained patch antenna is constructed by using Ansoft
HFSS and the final result is obtained by simulating the same
by using HFSS. Here offset feeding or microstrip line feeding
is used to feed the microstrip patch antenna in which a
feeding strip is connected directly to the edge of the patch.
The width of the microstrip patch is larger compared to the
feeding line. The feeding line is smaller in width compared
to the patch. So it is easy to obtain the planar structured
microstrip patch antenna For proper operation of antenna at
particular frequency substrate played very well role. For proper
electrical efficiency and mechanical support by give resistance
towards the many environmental condition. So here FR4 epoxy
substrate is used which have ability to withstand for many
distinct environmental effect.
length proposed antenna’ will gives the better return loss of
-20.28dB(3.8GHz)and -21.22dB(9GHz).
The radiation pattern is another important parameter of
the microstrip patch antenna, which defined as imitation of
radiation properties of the antenna graphically as the behavior
of space coordinate. Fig.3 and 4 shows the radiation pattern
for 3.8GHz and 9GHz respectively. Here we can clearly see
that radiation pattern at 3.8GHz has no any side lobes, all the
radiation is in the major lobe direction, hence it is having the
more negative return loss and better VSWR compare to 9GHz.
Since the 9GHz resonating bands have more side lobes, less
radiation is in the major lobe direction and so its return loss
is less negative.
The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) ratio which will
indicate the matching of impedance between load and feed
line. For the better operation of the antenna VSWR should be
equal to 1 ideally but practically it should be less than 1.5[1].
Fig 5 shows the graph of VSWR with respect to the frequency
in GHz. The designed antenna operates in two bands, the
bandwidth of each band can be found at the point the VSWR
is below 1.5. The VSWR for the proposed antenna is 1.21 and
1.19 for 3.8GHz and 9GHz with the beam-width of 52 MHz.

IV. R ESULTS A ND D ISCUSSION

This section explains the simulation results with its dis-
cussion of proposed dual-band microstrip patch antenna. Fig.
2 describes the simulated input return loss of the obtained
microstrip patch antenna. The resonant frequencies checked
admit to the 10 dB bandwidth principle. Here Lp1 shows the
return loss, when length of the patch is 6.799mm, which gives
the return loss of -16.05dB(3.8GHz) and -15.4dB(9.3GHz). If
we increase the patch length to 10.799mm i.e Lp3, which gives
the return loss of -23.543dB(3.8GHz) and -14.97dB(8.9GHz).
Here we can see that patch’s length will highly effected on
the return and higher frequency. But compared to these two Fig. 3. Radiation Pattern at 9 GHz

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Fig. 4. Radiation Pattern of proposed antenna at 3.8 GHz

TABLE III
C OMPARISON BETWEEN OBTAINED F REQUENCY
Operating VSWR Bandwidth Return Gain Application
Frequency Loss
3.8GHz 1.21 159.2MHz -20.38dB 1.28dBi WiMax
9GHz 1.91 263.4MHz -21.22dB 3.31dBi FSS



Fig. 6. Gain of antenna at 9 and 3.8 GHz

Gain is another important parameters which describes the
efficiency of the antenna. So gain of the antenna is a measure
of an antenna’s relative ability concentrate or to direct the RF V. C ONCLUSION
energy in a particular required direction or required pattern.
Antenna gain is related to the substrate which is used to design A complicated microstrip patch antenna has been simulated
the antenna and therefore, by using FR4 as a substrate we and proposed using Ansoft High-Frequency (AHF) structure
can not expect the large gain because of its dielectric loss. simulation software. Proposed antenna operates for X band and
But air as a substrate can give you large gain for a specific WiMax of 9GHz and 3.8GHz band. The impedance bandwidth
design since it has no dielectric loss. Fig. 6 shows the gain of the proposed antenna is 3.8 GHz at 159.2 MHz with
of 1.28 dBi and 3.31dBi T 3.8GHz and 9 GHz respectively
for proposed antenna. In Fig.7 the current variation along
the patch is showed. Here red area represents the maximum
current movement.




Fig. 5. VSWR vs.Frequency at GHz Fig. 7. Surface current density at (a)3.8 GHz and (b)9 GHz

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the correlative return loss of -20.38 dB and for 9GHz the
impedance bandwidth is 263.4 MHz with the correlative value
-21.22 dB of return loss which is enough for impedance
matching of obtained frequency ranges for WiMax and X
band application. In future tri-band with good axial ratio and
increased gain can also be implement by making a proper
slots in ground plane. Narrow bandwidth, better efficiency
and slots designing equation are to be considered in further
development. In future works high impedance matching, high
gain with broad bandwidth patch antenna will proposed.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors would like to thank Rukmini Educational Charita-
ble Trust for providing necessary infrastructure and support.
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