Republic Act No. 11102 s.

2021

C-A-R-E
for the Coast
I. rationale

The majority of cities and municipalities in the Philippines

are coastal areas, and about 60 percent of the total population
inhabits them. Fisheries, seaweed farming, mangrove lumber,
harvesting seashells, and aquaculture companies are their primary
livelihood sources. Climate change, caused by higher temperatures
and severe weather events, threatens the country's coastal
resources and the lives and livelihoods of millions of Filipinos,
particularly the 1.6 million people employed in the fishing industry.
According to World Meteorological Organization, sea levels across
the country are rising almost three times the global average of 3.1
millimeters. In contrast, the Philippines' water levels increase is
expected every ten years from 7.6 millimeters to 10.2 millimeters.
The fact that the sea level increase is above the average, it badly
affects the coastal communities.
As we all know, coastal processes are unavoidable events
driven by nature and increased by human activities. These hazards
threats can harm livelihoods and infrastructure, exacerbate
unemployment, cause communities' relocation, and disrupt
essential social services. If I were a legislator, I would make this
policy to help the coastal communities to save their place of living.
This program contains principles, policies, and action plans defined
after corresponding to the development goals with local issues.
Identifying this program objective and establishing a coastal
management process are included in the C-A-R-E for the Coast
Program.

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II. POLICY STATEMENT

The Republic Act No. 11102 is known as the "C-A-R-E for

the Coast Program " of 2021, which stands for C- coastal
protection; A- assessment; R-reduce coal erosion; and E-eco
development. This policy can help the coastal communities protect
and mitigate the hazards near the coastline.

III. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

The implementation of C-A-R-E for the Coast Program

shall take into account the following elements:
C-coastal protection. The coast can be secured from
erosion and submersion by specific structures and methods.
Typically, they are built along the coast.
1. Building saline stone-packaging and breakwater structures.
2. By building groins-small walls
3. installing Geosynthetic tubes
4. Soft Solutions
- include plantings of beach grass, sand/snowdrift fencing, and
technology for fiber rolls. A roll of fiber is a set of coconut
fibers rolled together, encased in organic netting, and
anchored at the base of the coastal slope.
5. Hard Solutions
- situated against a coastal dune and come in the form of a sea
wall or rock revetment (covering).

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A-assessment. This assessment is an essential part of the
effectiveness of the CARE for the Coast Program. It undertakes an
assessment of vulnerability to determine the hazards where many
coastal and marine processes are interlinked.

Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessments

- establishes the baseline context for integrated decision-
making. It is a form of four parts.
Part 1: Identify the project area boundaries
- Defining scale and reconciling data sets for baseline variables
and orientation features that include:
a. Coastline and offshore limits of interests
b. Water bodies (rivers, streams, other water bodies in the
interior)
c. Topography
d. Significant features of habitats (forests, dunes, others)
e. Significant links to transport that can limit the area
available for planting
f. Land uses that affect (or potentially invade) ecosystems.

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Part 2: Hazard identification
- Depending on the climate, land-use patterns, and other
factors, the likelihood of different hazards occurring in
individual communities can vary. The entire population would
have an equal vulnerability to such threats, such as coastal
erosion. Certain parts of the city can be more affected than
others; for example, low-lying areas are more vulnerable to
erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain maps of as many
hazard types as possible and clearly outline the unique
characteristics and location-based small-scale variables that
will become important considerations when designing a
mitigation strategy.

Part 3: Vulnerability assessment

- Identify and characterize damage and impacts from previous
disasters within the region during the Hazard Analysis and
those impacts anticipated from potential hazardous events.

Part 4: Risk assessment

- Spatially compare hazards and designate "hot spots" where
multiple occurrences or forms of events happen, such as
coastal erosion.

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R-regulations. There must be regulatory oversight of land-
use practices and siting, design, and construction of structures in
hazardous areas by having an effective program. These
requirements include building codes and standards and land use
ordinances and laws. Requirements vary from place to place and
between localities as they can significantly impact the allowable
location and design of structures in particular areas. Designers,
landowners, and builders should be aware of these laws and
thoroughly explore the limitations that might apply to individual
properties. The following are the things that should be
implemented:

Land Use Regulations

- LGUs should establish policies for governing land
development within their jurisdictions to promote sound
physical, social, and economic development.
a. Ban of mining activities near the coasts;
b. Development of infrastructures must be constructed at
safe distances from the coast.
Building Codes and Standards
- These building codes will set out the criteria for public health
safety and the environment's well-being.

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E-co Development. This development should be
incorporated by the localities, tourists, volunteers, and
organizations to maintain mitigation strategies. The following are
the activities that promote ecological development in the
coastlines:
Encouraging conservation activities, educational and
recreational opportunities to localities and tourists.
Encouraging coastal social forestry
-It engages people living around the area in the use and
management of sustainable coastal forests.
-It enables communities by raising awareness with local people
and respecting their rights and systems of knowledge.
It provides advantages and access to resources to communities
in exchange for participating in sustainable coastal forest
management.
Growing more vegetation along the coastline
- Compared to a seawall that has only a defensive function,
coastal forests shield local communities from floods, tides, and
hurricanes and provide global and local communities with a
wide variety of essential ecosystem services

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IV. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the "C-A-R-E for the Coast Program"
establishes plans and strategies for protecting and mitigating the
effects of coastal hazards such as coastal erosion, salt intrusion,
and submersion. Many people try these mitigation strategies
before, but this will not succeed without the people's cooperation.
Localities, tourists, volunteers, organizations, and others should all
cooperate to achieve the goal of this program. We cannot avoid
natural occurrences like coastal processes. However, if we try to
remove our selfishness and neglectfulness and have more care for
the nature, we can all achieve the peace we all wanted

V. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Coast – a variable-width strip of land that extends inland from
the shoreline to the first significant landform that is
unaffected by coastal processes (such as waves, tides, and
associated currents)C
Coastal dune – vegetated and unvegetated ridges of sand built
up behind a beach. They are made up of dried beach sand that
has been blown inland and become trapped by vegetation or
other obstructions. Stable dunes act as a buffer against wave
damage during storms, shielding the surrounding land from
saltwater intrusion, sea spray, and high winds. Additionally,
coastal dunes serve as a reservoir of sand, replenishing and
maintaining the beach during times of erosion.
Coastal engineering – a subfield of civil engineering concerned
with applying engineering principles to projects located in the
coastal zone (nearshore, estuary, marine, and shoreline).

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Coastal erosion – refers to the landward movement of the
shoreline and a reduction in beach volume that occurs within
the beach fluctuation zone due to storm events or a series of
storm events. Coastal erosion occurs due to one or more
process drivers, including wind, waves, tides, currents, the level
of the ocean, and material movement downslope due to
gravity.
Coastal hazard – is caused by more extreme coastal physical
processes (including confounding variables) and can damage,
disrupt, and even fatalities in estuaries, river mouths, open
coasts, and coastal/shelf waters.
Coastal processes- are the interactions of marine, physical,
meteorological, and biological activities with the geology and
sediments that result in forming a particular coastal system.
Coastal Protection—Measures taken to protect the coast from
a coastal retreat, thereby preventing erosion of housing,
infrastructure, the coast, and the hinterland, frequently at the
expense of the beach and dynamic coastal landscape. Often,
coast protection is accomplished through the use of rigid
structures such as revetments or groins.
Coastal Social Forestry – This type of forestry involves
residents in using and managing sustainable coastal forests.
Dune – underwater: a flow-transverse bedform with spacing
ranging from less than one meter to more than 1000 meters
that form on a sediment bed in the presence of unidirectional
currents.

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Geosynthetic Tubes- also known as geotextile tubes, are a type
of geotextile permeable to water but impermeable to sand
(either woven, non-woven, or composite). They are delivered
to the site as prefabricated elements with various inlet/outlet
ports for filling. Tube diameters range from approximately 1.6
to 5 meters, and lengths range from 25 to 100 meters,
depending on the project. When stuffed with sand or other
granular materials, the system takes on the shape of a pillow.
Geotextile tubes are typically suitable for applications above
and below water to a depth of approximately 6m (i.e.,
emergent or submerged) and should be conveniently filled
hydraulically.
Groins – a shore protection structure constructed (typically
parallel to the shoreline) to trap littoral drift and retard shore
erosion; or a narrow, roughly shore standard structure
constructed to reduce longshore currents and trap and retain
littoral material. The majority of the groins are constructed of
wood or rock and extend from a seawall or the backshore to
the foreshore and occasionally even further offshore.
Hard Solutions- permanent infrastructures with "hard"
reinforcements (e.g., higher free boards, longer revetments), in
conjunction with "rigid" shoreline maintenance.
Revetment or seawall – a type of coastal protection work that
fortifies the shore with erosion-resistant material to protect
assets from coastal erosion. Depending on the design
requirements, large rocks/boulders, concrete, or other hard
materials are used.
Soft Solutions- Soft or "green" solutions (e.g., vegetation, sand
groins) that maintain a defined "space" while allowing for
some degree of shoreline dynamics.

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VI.REFERENCES

https://m.facebook.com/notes/earth-and-life-science/lesson-
39-coping-with-coastal-erosion-submersion-and-saltwater-
intrusion/1830442383859076/?locale=ar_AR
https://m.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/coastal-erosion-
in-india-1511443982-1
http://www.fao.org/3/AG127E10.htm
http://www.fao.org/3/AG127E09.htm
https://www.gov.ph/web/green-climate-fund/coastal-
communities
http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Sand-
filled_geosystems_in_coastal_engineering
https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-
Site/Documents/Water/Coasts/coastal-management-glossary-
180195.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-
sciences/coastal-hazard
https://niwa.co.nz/natural-hazards/hazards/coastal-hazards
http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Coast_protection#cite_note-.E
2.80.9DKarsten.E2.80.9D-1

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