LESSON 2: 

ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY AND RULES OF NETIQUETTE

INTERNET SAFETY- refers to the online security or safety of people and their information when using internet.
NETIQUETTE- is network etiquette, the do’s and don’ts of online communication.

TEN RULES OF NETIQUETTE

Rule No. 1: Remember the human
 You need to remember that you are talking to a
real person when you are online.
 The internet brings people together who would
otherwise never meet.
 Remember this saying when sending an email:
Would I say this to the person’s face.
Rule No. 2: Adhere to the same standards online that
you follow in real life.
 You need to behave the same way online that
you do in real life.
 You need to remember that you can get caught
doing things you should not be doing       online
just like you can in real life.
 You are still talking to a real person with
feelings even though you can’t see them.
Rule no. 3: Know where you are in cyberspace.
 Always take a look around when you enter a
new domain when surfing the web.
 Get a sense of what the discussion group is
about before you join it.
Rule no. 4: Respect other people’s time and
bandwidth.
 Remember people have other things to do
besides read your email. You are not the center
of their world.
 Keep your post and emails to minimum by
saying what you want to say.
 Remember everyone won’t answer your
questions.
Rule no. 5: Make yourself look good online.
 Be polite and pleasant to everyone.
 Always check your spelling and grammar before
posting.
STSEM SECURITY
 Know what you are talking about and make
sense saying it.
Rule no. 6: Share expert knowledge
 Ask questions online
 Share what you know online.
 Post the answers to your questions online
because someone may have the same question        
you do.
Rule no. 7: Help keep flame wars under control
 Netiquette does not forgive flaming.
 Netiquette does however forbid people who are
flaming to hurt discussion groups by putting the
group down.
Rule no. 8: Respect other people’s privacy.
 Do not read other people’s mail without their
permission.
 Going through other people’s things could cost
you, your job or you could even go to jail.
 Not respecting other people’s privacy is a bad
netiquette.
Rule no. 9: Don’t abuse your power.
 Do not take advantage of other people just
because you have more knowledge or power
than them.
 Treat others as you would want them to treat you
if the roles were reversed.
Rule no. 10: Be forgiving of other people’s mistake.
 Do not point out mistakes to people online.
 Remember that you were once the new kid on
the block.
 You still need to have a good manner even
though you are online and cannot see the          
person face to face.

System security describes the controls and safeguards that an organization takes to ensure its networks and resources are
safe from downtime, interference or malicious intrusion. If data security is meant to protect the information in the books
in the library, then system security is what protects the library itself. https://tinyurl.com/mud5xcns

Data security relates to all the efforts your organization takes to ensure that the information you possess isn’t accidentally
deleted or modified — or deliberately accessed, manipulated, stolen, sold or otherwise misused. 

A computer intruder is anyone or anything that tries to get access to any part of your computer system. An intruder is
typically referred to as a hacker. Hackers are known to use automated computer programs to compromise your
computer's security system. They are very smart and know a lot about technology and security.
https://tinyurl.com/4hfh89dx

Types of System Intruders

 Masquerader – unauthorized use who penetrates a system exploiting a legitimate user’s account (outside)
 Hackers / Misfeasor– legitimates user who makes unauthorized accesses or misuses his privileges (inside)
 Clandestine user – seizes supervisory control to evade auditing and access controls or suppresses audit collection
(inside & outside) Reference: https://cs.hofstra.edu/~cscvjc/Spring06/Slides/Sess09/text4.html

A computer virus is a malicious application or authored code used to perform destructive activity on a device or local
network. The code’s malicious activity could damage the local file system, steal data, interrupt services, download
additional malware, or any other actions coded into the program by the malware author. Many viruses pretend to be

Empowerment Technology
Prepared by: Kimberly Ann B. Palaran
Reference: https://ictcom444251764.wordpress.com/2018/03/31/empowerment-technologies-lessons-1-15/
legitimate programs to trick users into executing them on their device, delivering the computer virus payload.
(https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-reference/computer-virus)
Virus stages
 Dormant phase – Virus is idle.
 Propagation phase – Virus places an identical copy of itself into other programs or into certain system areas on
the disk.
 Triggering phase – Virus is activated to perform the function for which it was intended. Caused by a variety of
system events
 Execution phase – Function is performed

Symptoms of Computer Virus
Malware authors write code that is undetectable until
the payload is delivered. However, like any software
program, bugs could present issues while the virus runs.
Signs that you have a computer virus include:
 Popup windows, including ads (adware) or links
to malicious websites.
 Your web browser home page changes, and you
did not change it.
 Outbound emails to your contact list or people
on your contact list alert you to strange
messages sent by your account.
 The computer crashes often, runs out of memory
with few active programs, or a blue screen of
death in Windows.
 Slow computer performance even when running
few programs or the computer was recently
booted.
 Unknown programs start when the computer
boots or when you open specific programs.
 Passwords change without your knowledge or
your interaction on the account.
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-reference/
computer-virus

Examples of Computer Virus  CryptoLocker

 Morris Worm  Conficker
 Nimda  Tinba
 ILOVEYOU  Welchia
 SQL Slammer  Shlayer
 Stuxnet

KEY TERMS

Cyber crime- a crime committed or assisted through the

use of the Internet. Spam– unwanted email mostly from bots or advertisers.
Privacy Policy/Terms of Services (ToS) – tells the user Phishing- acquires sensitive personal information like
how the website will handle its data. passwords and credits card details.
Malware- stands for malicious software. Pharming- a more complicated way of phishing where
Virus- a malicious program designed to transfer from it exploits the DNS system.
one computer to another in any means possible. Copyright- a part of law, wherein you have the rights to
Worms– a malicious program designed to replicate itself work, anyone who uses it w/o your consent is punishable
and transfer from one file folder to another and also by law.
transfer to other computers. Fair Use- means that an intellectual property may be
Trojan-a malicious program designed that is disguised used w/o consent as long as it is used in commentaries,
as a useful program but once downloaded or installed, criticism, parodies, research and etc.
leaves your PC unprotected and allows hacker to get Keyloggers- used to record the keystrokes done by user.
your information. This is done to steal passwords or any other sensitive
Spyware– a program that runs in the background information.
without you knowing it. It has the ability to monitor Rogue security softwares– is a form of malicious
what you are currently doing and typing through key software and internet fraud that misleads users into
logging. believing there is a virus on their computer, and
Adware- a program designed to send you advertisement, manipulates them into paying money for a fake malware
mostly pop-ups. removal tool.
Four search strategies (KEYWORD SEARCHING)
Enter terms to search Use quotation marks to search as a phrase and keep the words linked together
Common words are ignored (That, to, which, a, the …)
+ and – can be used to include or exclude a word

BOOLEAN
AND – enter words connect with AND- it will include NOT – searches for the first term and excludes sites that
sites where both words and found have the second term.
   Uses: joining different topics (i.e. global warming (i.e. Washington NOT school)
AND California) Question                                
OR   – requires at least one of the terms is found.  a question may be entered in the search field of search
   Uses: join similar or synonymous topics (i.e. global engine    
warming OR greenhouse effect)
Empowerment Technology
Prepared by: Kimberly Ann B. Palaran
Reference: https://ictcom444251764.wordpress.com/2018/03/31/empowerment-technologies-lessons-1-15/
 Advanced – Features are offered on many engines by selections. Effective in narrowing search returns to a
going to an “Advanced search” page and  making specific topic or phrase
.

Empowerment Technology
Prepared by: Kimberly Ann B. Palaran
Reference: https://ictcom444251764.wordpress.com/2018/03/31/empowerment-technologies-lessons-1-15/