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Chapter 4 - History X PDF
Chapter 4 - History X PDF
Chapter 4 - History X PDF
अ याय 4. भूमड
ं ल कृत व व का बनना
Á'u & oS”ohdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k us Hkkjrh; vFkZ O;oLFkk esa D;k u, vk;ke tksMs \
mÙkj & oS”ohdj.k vSj mnkjhdj.k us Hkkjrh; vFkZ O;oLFkk esa fuEu u, vk;ke tksMsA
Á'u & cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;k¡ fdls dgrs gSa \ budh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ vkSj buds pkj ykHk fy[kks A
mÙkj & cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;k¡ mu daifu;ksa dks dgrs gSa tks fo”o ds fofHkUu ns”kksa esa tkdj viuh iw¡th fuos”k djrh gS] ogk¡
viuk mRiknu djrh gSa vkSj rS;kj eky dks fo”o ds cktkjksa esa csprh gSa A
(1) cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;kksa us ftl ns”k eas dke fd;k mu ns”kksa esa ukSdjh ds volj c<sc<s vkSj casjkstxkjh dks de fd;k A
(2) cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;ksa us fodkl”khy ns”kksa dks muds iqjkus mifuos”kkssa ls fudyus esa dkQh lgk;rk dh A
(3) viuh mRiknd vkSj O;kikfjd xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k oSf”od O;kikj vkSj iw¡thizokg dks izHkkfor fd;k A
(4) cgqjk’Vªh;
h; daifu;ksa us oS”ohdj.k dks xfr iznku fd;k A
mÙkj & oS”ohdj.k dk vFkZ gSa %& viuh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fo”o vFkZO;oLFkk esa lkekatL; LFkkfir djuk A blds varZxr
fo”o ds vusd ns”k vius O;kikj ] dke vkSj ikjLikfjd t:jrksa ds fy, ,d nwljs ls ,d lw= ls c¡/k tkrs gSa A
(1) oS”ohdj.k ds dkj.k fo”o ds fofHkUu ns”k varZjk’Vªh; Lrj ij ikjLikfjd :Ik esa ,d nwljs ij fuZHkj gks tkrs gSaA (2)
oS”ohdj.k ds dkj.k fo”o ds fofHkUu ns”k ,d nwljs dh lsok¡, ys ;k ns ldrk gSaA
Á'u & oS”ohdj.k dks c<+kok nsus okys dkSu dkSu ls dkjd gSa \
mÙkj & oS”ohdj.k dksks c<+kok nsus okys fuEufyf[kr dkjd gSa %&
(1) O;kikj
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ATP Education Class 10, History Notes ( हंद मा यम )
Á'u & vesfjdk ds vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, fdl chekjh ds dhVk.kq lcls Hk;adj fl) gq, \
mÙkj & ;wjksih; yksxksa us vesfjdk dks vius lSfud cy ij gh ugha thrk oju~ mu pspd ds dhVk.kqvksa ds dkj.k thrs
tks Lisu dss lSfud vkSj vQlj vius lkFk ys x, FksA bupspd ds dhVk.kq ds geys ls cgqr ls vesfjdh vkfnoklh ekSr
ds f”kdkj gq,Adgha dgha rks pspd ls leqnk; ds leqnk; gh [kRe gks x, A
Á'u & Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij egkeanh ij fdUgha rhu izHkkoksa dk o.kZu djks A
1- baXySaM esa vkus okyh vkS|ksfxd Økafr ftlds dkj.k mlus Hkkjr ls lwrh diM+s dk vk;kr djuk fcYdqy can dj
fn;k A
2- Hkkjrh; cktkjksa esa e”khuksa nkjk fufeZr lwrh diM+s dh Hkjekj dj nh A
3- v¡xzsth daaiuh Fkksd esa Hkkjr ls :bZ rFkk dikl [kjhndj nwljs ns”k dks Hkst nsrh Fkh ftlls Hkkjrh; cktkjksa esa
vPNs eky dh deh gks tkrh Fkh A
4- fczfV”k ljdkj }kjk Hkkjh mRiknu dj yxk fn;k tkuk A
Á'u & vQhe ;q) ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ phu ij vQhe ;q) ij iM+s izHkkokssa dk o.kZu djks A
mÙkj & tc 19oha “krkCnh esa fczfV”k yksxksa us vius LokFkZ ds fy, phfu;ksa ij vQhe dks yknus dk iz;Ru fd;k rks
nksuksa i{kksa esa vkilh ;q) fNM+ x;k tks bfrgkl esa vQhe ;q) ds uke ls izfl) gSa A
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ATP Education Class 10, History Notes ( हंद मा यम )
Á'u & egkeanh ls D;k rkRik;Z gSa \ blds dkj.kksa dh O;k[k;k dhft, A
mÙkj & 1919 bZ esa leLr lalkj dks ,d Hk;adj vf/kd ladV esa vk ?ksjk A ;g ladV la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa 1929 esa
iSnk gqvk vkSj ns[krs gh ns[krs ;g 1931 rd iwjs fo”o esa QSy x;k A
1- ;g ladV vkS|ksfxd Øakfr ds dkj.k vko”;drk ls vf/kd mRiknu ds dkj.k iSnk gqvk FkkA
2- vesfjdk esa rS;kj eky ds brus HkaMkj gks x, fd dksbZ mlds [kjhnnkj ugha jgk A
3- izFke fo”o ;q) ds dkj.k ;wjksi ds cckZn gq, ns”k vesfjdk ls eky vk;kr djus dh voLFkk es au Fks A
4- vesfjdk dh “ks;j ,Dlpsat ekdsZV esa ““ks;jksa dh fxjkoV vk xbZ A
Á'u & cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;k¡ fdUgsa dgrs gSa \ bu daifu;ksa dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ \ buds pkj ykHk fy[kks A
mÙkj & cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;k¡ mu daifu;k¡ dks dgrs gSa tks fo”o ds fofHkUu ns”ksk esa t
tkdj
kdj viuh i¡th fuos”k djrs हA ogk¡
viuk mRiknu
Riknu djrh gSa vkSj rS;kj eky dks fo”o ds cktkjksa esa csprh gSa A
1- cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;ksa us ftl ns”k esa dke fd;k mu ns”kksa esa ukSdjh ds volj c<+s vkSj csjkstxkjh dh deh gqbZ A
2- cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;ksa us fodkl”khy ns”kks
”kksa dks muds iqjkus fuoklh pqxy ls dkQh lgk;rk dh A
3- viuh mRikfnd vkSj O;kikfjd xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k oS”okfld O;kikj vkSj i¡th izokg dks izHkkfor fd;k A
4- bu cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;ksa us oS”ohdj.k dks izokfgr fd;k A
mÙkj & vesfjdk esa egkeanh ds dkj.k iSnk gq, fo’ke izHkko fuEu gSa %&
1- “ks;j cktkj dh dherksa esa fxjkoV ds dkj.k 1 yk[k O;kikfj;ksa dks fnokyk fudkyk x;k A
2- fdlkuksa dks ykHk esa deh vk xbZ A
3- d`f’k etnwjksa dh etnwjh de gks xbZ A
4- eky dk dksbZ [kjhnnkj u gksus ds dkj.k dkj[kkus can gks x, vkSj gtkjksa etnwj csjkstxkj gks x, A
mÙkj & og <ax ftlds }kjk dksbZ “kfDr”kkyh ns”k detksj ns”k dks gj mfpr ,oa vuqfpr rjhds ls vius v/khu ykus dk
iz;Ru djrs gSa vkSSj “kklu djrs gSa mifuos”kokn dgykrk gSa A
mÙkj & czsVu oqM~l G – 77 fodkl”khy ns”kksa dk gksus okyk ,d lEesyu Fkk A
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ATP Education Class 10, History Notes ( हंद मा यम )
Á'u & varZjk’Vª; eqnzk dks’k vkSj fo”o cSad dk tUe dSls gqvk \
mÙkj & lu~ 1944 esa czsVu oqM~l ds lEesyu esa varZjk’Vª; eqnzk dks’k vkSj fo”o cSad dk tUe gqvk A
Á'u & l;qDr jk’Vª ds fdu nks laLFkkvksa dks czsVu oqM~l dh tqMo+ k larkus dgk tkrk gSa \
Á'u & varZjk’Vª; eqnzk dks’k vkSj fo”o cSad us vkSipkfjd :Ik ls dc dke djuk “kq; fd;k \
Á'u & varZjk’Vª; eqnzk dks’k vkSj fo”o cSad ds fdlh Hkh QSlys dks dkSu lk ns”k ohVks dj ldrk gSa \
mÙkj & vks|kSfxd Økafr og Øakafr gSa ftlesa dkj[kkuksa ds fodkl ds lkFk lkFk vkS|ksfxd mRiknu esa csgrlk o`f) gqbZ
vkSj vrZjk’Vªh; cktkj esa cM+s iSekus ij vkS|ksfxd
x mRiknu gksus yxk ftls vkS|ksfxd mRiknu gksus yxk ftls vk|kSfxd
Økafr ds uke ls tkuk x;k A
Á'u & izFke fo”o ;q) ds le; Hkkjr ds vk|kSfxd mRiknu esa o`f) ds D;k dkj.k Fks ?
mÙkj & izFke fo”o ;q) ds le; Hkkjr baXySaM dk mifuos”k Fkk A baXySaM Hkh izFke fo”o ;q) esa “kkfey Fkk A bl ;q) ls
Hkkjr ds fy, ,d u;h fLFkfr iSnk dj nh vkSj vkS|ksfxd {ks= esa o`f) gqbZ ftl
ftlds
ds fuEu dkj.k Fks %&
1- fczfV”k dkj[kkus lsuk dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ;q) lac/kh mRiknu esa O;Lr Fks blfy, Hkkjr esa esupsLVj
ds eky dk vk;kr de gks x;k ftlls Hkkjrh; cktkjksa dks jkrksja kr ,d fo”kky ns”kh cktkj fey x;k A
2- ;q) yack [khapk rks Hkkjrh; dkj[kkus esa Hkh QkSt ds fy, leku cukus ds vkMZj vkus yxs A
3- izFke fo”o ;q) ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa u, u, dkj[kkus yxk, x, vkSj iqjkus dkj[kkus dbZ ikfy;ksa esa pyus yxs A
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