DANIEL ANGELO E.

ARANGO
BS NURSING 2-A
NUTRION AND DIET THERAPY

Table 2-3. Worksheet for Carbohydrate-related Diseases

Diseases Symptoms Causes Prevalence Dietary

changes
- Hypertension If your blood pressure Blood pressure Prevalence of One of the
is extremely high, is the measure hypertension was steps your
there may be certain of the force of 31.5% (95% CI: doctor may
symptoms to look out blood pushing 27.1–35.9). There recommend to
for, including: against blood existed a significant lower your
vessel walls. The (P < 0.05) high blood
- Severe headaches heart pumps association of BP pressure is to
blood into blood with age, start using the
- Nosebleed vessels, which educational status, DASH diet.
carry the blood occupation,
- Fatigue or throughout the socioeconomic DASH stands
confusion body. High class, tobacco for Dietary
blood pressure, consumption, waist Approaches to
- Vision problems also called circumference, wai Stop
hypertension, is st-hip ratio, and Hypertension
- Chest pain dangerous nutritional status. (high blood
because it No significant pressure). The
- Difficulty makes the heart association was diet is simple:
breathing work harder to found with gender,
pump blood out religion, caste, - Eat more
- Irregular to the body and marital status, type fruits,
heartbeat contributes to and size of family, vegetables
hardening of family without , and low-
- Blood in the urine the arteries, or NCDs, awareness of fat dairy
atherosclerosis, screening camps foods
- Pounding in your to stroke, for NCDs and - Cut back
chest, neck, or kidney disease, national program on foods
ears and to heart for prevention and that are
failure. control of cancer, high in
People sometimes (WEBMD) diabetes, saturated
feel that other cardiovascular fat,
symptoms may be diseases and cholestero
related to high blood stroke, and alcohol l, and
pressure, but they consumption. trans fats
may not be: Significant - Eat more
association of whole-
- Dizziness education, grain
nutritional, and foods, fish,
- Nervousness occupational status poultry,
 obtained in and nuts
- Sweating univariate analysis - Limit
got eliminated in sodium,
- Trouble sleeping the logistic model. sweets,
Risk of sugary
- Facial flushing hypertension was drinks,
higher in the 45–64 and red
- Blood spots in years age group meats
eyes (AOR: 3.06; 95% CI: In research
(WEBMD) 1.75–5.35) and in studies,
socioeconomic people who
class IV and V were on the
(AOR: 2.24; 95% CI: DASH diet
1.17–4.31). lowered their
(MEDKNOW) blood pressure
within 2
weeks.

Another diet --
DASH-Sodium
-- calls for
cutting back
sodium to
1,500
milligrams a
day (about 2/3
teaspoon).
Studies of
people on the
DASH-Sodium
plan lowered
their blood
pressure as
well.
(WEBMD)
TYPE 2 DIABETES Signs and symptoms Type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes The key to
of type 2 diabetes is primarily the (formerly called eating with
often develop slowly. result of two non-insulin- diabetes is to
In fact, you can be interrelated dependent, or eat a variety of
living with type 2 problems: adult-onset) results healthy foods
diabetes for years and from the body’s from all food
not know it. When - Cells in ineffective use of groups, in the
signs and symptoms muscle, fat insulin. More than amounts your
are present, they may and the liver 95% of people with meal plan
include: become diabetes have type outlines.
resistant to 2 diabetes. This
Increased thirst insulin. type of diabetes is The food
Frequent urination Because largely the result of groups are
 Increased hunger these cells excess body weight
Unintended weight loss don't and physical - vegetables
Fatigue interact in a inactivity. - fruits
Blurred vision normal way - grains
Slow-healing sores with insulin, Symptoms may be - protein
Frequent infections they don't similar to those of - dairy
Numbness or tingling in the take in type 1 diabetes but
hands or feet enough are often less
Areas of darkened skin, usually sugar. marked. As a
in the armpits and neck - The result, the disease
(MAYO CLINIC) pancreas is may be diagnosed
unable to several years after
produce onset, after
enough complications have
insulin to already arisen.
manage
blood sugar Until recently, this
levels. type of diabetes
Exactly why this was seen only in
happens is adults but it is now
unknown, but also occurring
being increasingly
overweight and frequently in
inactive are key children.
contributing
factors.
(MAYO CLINIC)
STROKE Signs and symptoms High
of stroke include: carbohydrate
intake specially
- Trouble speaking refined sources
and with high
understanding glycemic index
what others are (GI) and
saying. You may glycemic load
experience (GL) is
confusion, slur associated with
words or have increased risk of
difficulty stroke. 
understanding
speech. There are two
- Paralysis or main causes of
numbness of the stroke: a
face, arm or leg. blocked artery
You may develop (ischemic
sudden stroke) or
numbness, leaking or
weakness or bursting of a
 paralysis in the blood vessel
face, arm or leg. (hemorrhagic
This often affects stroke). Some
just one side of people may
the body. Try to have only a
raise both your temporary
arms over your disruption of
head at the same blood flow to
time. If one arm the brain,
begins to fall, you known as a
may be having a transient
stroke. Also, one ischemic attack
side of your (TIA), that
mouth may droop doesn't cause
when you try to lasting
smile. symptoms.
- Problems seeing
in one or both
eyes. You may
suddenly have
blurred or
blackened vision
in one or both
eyes, or you may
see double.
- Headache. A
sudden, severe
headache, which
may be
accompanied by
vomiting,
dizziness or
altered
consciousness,
may indicate that
you're having a
stroke.
- Trouble walking.
You may stumble
or lose your
balance. You may
also have sudden
dizziness or a loss
of coordination.
(MAYO CLINIC)
HYPOGLYCEMIA If blood sugar levels Hypoglycemia The prevalence of - Eat small
become too low, occurs when hypoglycemia was meals
hypoglycemia signs your blood estimated to every 3 to
and symptoms can sugar (glucose) be 57.44% (95% CI 4 hours
include: level falls too 52.48-62.25) Among throughou
- Looking pale low for bodily the 224 patients t the day,
- Shakiness functions to with hypoglycemia, rather
- Sweating continue. 77.7% were female. than 3
- Headache There are Severe large
- Hunger or several hypoglycemia meals per
nausea reasons why requiring help from day. Avoid
- An irregular or this can other persons or foods high
fast heartbeat happen. The medical assistance in saturate
- Fatigue most common for plasma glucose d fats or
- Irritability or reason for low correction was trans fats.
anxiety blood sugar is prevalent among 24 - Choose
- Difficulty a side effect of (10.7%) patients foods with
concentrating medications who had a
- Dizziness or used to treat hypoglycemia. low glyce
lightheadedne diabetes. mic index
ss score.
- Tingling or - Reduce or
numbness of eliminate
the lips, processed
tongue or and
cheek refined
As hypoglycemia sugars
worsens, signs and from your
symptoms can include: diet.
- Confusion, - Choose
unusual complex
behavior or carbohydr
both, such as ates over
the inability to simple
complete carbohydr
routine tasks ates.
- Loss of - Reduce or
coordination eliminate
- Slurred speech alcoholic
- Blurry vision drinks,
or tunnel and never
vision mix
- Nightmares, if alcohol
asleep with
- Severe sugar-
hypoglycemia filled
may cause: mixers,
- Unresponsiven such as
ess (loss of fruit juice.
consciousness) - Eat lean
- Seizures protein.
 - Eat foods
high in
soluble
fiber.

GALACTOSEMIA People with Galactosemia Classic The most

galactosemia are is an inherited galactosemia occurs common
unable to fully break disorder. This in 1 in 30,000 to treatment for
down the simple sugar means it is 60,000 newborns. galactosemia
galactose. Galactose passed down Galactosemia type II is a low-
makes up one half of through and type III are less galactose diet.
lactose, the sugar families. If common; type II This means
found in milk. both parents probably affects that milk and
carry a fewer than 1 in other foods
If an infant with nonworking 100,000 newborns that contain
galactosemia is given copy of the and type III appears lactose or
milk, substances made gene that can to be very rare. galactose can't
from galactose build cause be consumed.
up in the infant's galactosemia,
system. These each of their
substances damage children has a
the liver, brain, 25% (1 in 4)
kidneys, and eyes. chance of
being affected
People with with it.
galactosemia cannot There are 3
tolerate any form of forms of the
milk (human or disease:
animal). They must be - Galactose-
careful about eating 1
other foods containing phosphate
galactose. uridylic
transferase
(GALT)
deficiency:
Classic
galactose
mia, the
most
common
and most
severe
form
- Deficiency
of
galactose
kinase
(GALK)
- Deficiency
of
galactose-
6-
phosphate
epimerase
(GALE)