DISEASES OF

SKIN PART I
Maji Jose
CLASS -1

03/15/2023
Specific learning Objective

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

 At the end of the class students should know
why in depth knowledge on mucoutaneous
disorders is important for a dentist
 Terminologies used while describing
mucocutaneous disorders
 Briefly describe Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia

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SIGNIFICANCE

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Why dentists should learn about muco-
cutaneous disorders?

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

Many dermatological diseases can have oral
mucosal involvement
Concomitant
Preceded by

Identificationof these lesions help in early

diagnosis and timely treatment
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TERMINOLOGI
ES
 Genodermatosis : Hereditary Dermatological
diseases

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 Genokeratosis: Hereditary Dermatological diseases

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

presenting with alteration in keratinization

 Dyskeratosis - Disturbance in normal keratinisation

resulting in premature keratinisation

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 Nodule

03/15/2023 Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

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Papule

Patch
Macule
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Macule - Flat well circumscribed
area of change in normal skin colour.

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

Papule - Solid elevated lesion up to 1
cm in diameter

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Plaque - Flat, Solid elevated lesion more
than 1 cm in diameter (Formed either by

03/15/2023
extension or coalescence of papules)

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

Nodule - Palpable, round or ellipsoidal
elevated solid lesion which is greater than
1 cm in diameter.

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03/15/2023 Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU
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Bulla

Pustule
Vesicle
Pustule - Circumscribed elevation of
skin that contains a collection of pus. (A

03/15/2023
small accumulation of pus in the epidermis or dermis. Eg: A
pimple filled with pus.)

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

Vesicle - Fluid filled circumscribed
elevated lesion up to 1 cm in diameter.
They arise from cleavage at various
levels of skin.
Bulla - Fluid filled circumscribed
elevated lesion greater than 1 cm in 10

diameter
03/15/2023 Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU
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Ulcer
Erosion
Erosion - Shallow defect in the mucosa
which involves loss of epithelium but not

03/15/2023
including basal cell layer.

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

Ulcer - It is a break in the continuity of
covering epithelium – skin or mucous
membrane, including the basement
membrane

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03/15/2023 Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU
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Scale

Fissure
Crust
Crust - Develops when serum, blood,
purulent exudate dries on the skin

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surface

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

Scale - Cornified cells that become
visible on the skin surface.
E.g. Psoriasis

Fissure - Linear defect that extends

from skin surface into dermis.
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03/15/2023 Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU
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HEREDITARY
ECTODERMAL
DYSPLASIA
Hereditary- Inheritted in family

03/15/2023
 Ectodermal - skin, hair, nails, glands,

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

and teeth

Dysplasia – Defective formation

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INTRODUCTION

03/15/2023
The ectodermal dysplasias (EDs)
comprise a large, heterogeneous group of

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

inherited disorders that are defined by
primary defects in the development of 2
or more tissues derived from embryonic
ectoderm.

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

03/15/2023
Ectodermal dysplasia results from the

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

abnormal morphogenesis of cutaneous or
oral embryonal ectoderm (ie, hair, nails,
teeth, eccrine glands).

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 SKIN CHANGES
 Dry , smooth, shiny skin

03/15/2023
 Unusual scaling or peeling of the skin,

 Itchy (pruritic), scaling skin rashes (eczema).

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

 Skin on most of the body is unusually thin and soft
and can lack normal pigmentation
(hypopigmentation).

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 HAIR DEFECTS:
HYPOTRICHOSIS

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 A reduction in the number of
hair follicles along with structural abnormalities

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

 Scanty / Absence of eyebrows and scalp hair
 Most patients have fine, sparse, lusterless, fair
hair resembling lanugo
 Beard & mustache may not be affected

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03/15/2023 Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU
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 EXOCRINE GLANDS DEFECTS:
HYPOHYDROSIS

03/15/2023
 Sweat glands may be absent or sparse and
rudimentary leading to Hyperthermia .

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

 Hypoplasia of the salivary and lacrimal glands
– xerostomia
( Decreased salivation), Xerophthalmia (decreased
tears) & conjunctivitis

 Absence of mucous glands in the upper

respiratory tract & digestive tract- laryngitis
and pharyngitis, and rhinitis 23
 DENTAL DEFECTS:
HYPODONTIA

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 Abnormal morphogenesis ( conical) or
complete or partial absence of teeth may occur .

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

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NAIL DYSTROPHY:

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 Abnormal nail plate formation may
result in brittle, thin, ridged, or grossly

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

deformed nails.

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OTHER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Short stature

03/15/2023
 Typical facial features
 frontalbossing

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

 sunken cheeks
 Saddle nose
 Thick, everted lips
 Wrinkled, hyperpigmented periorbital skin
 Large, low-set ears
 Deficient
hearing or vision
 Developmental delay or mental retardation
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ALL AFFECTED PEOPLE LOOK LIKE THEY ARE
SIBLINGS

03/15/2023
Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU
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 Scanty hair

03/15/2023
Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU
Frontal bossae

Scanty
eyebrows

Depressed nasal bridge

Conical teeth

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ORAL MANIFESTATIONS

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 Dental manifestations include conical or
pegged teeth, hypodontia or complete

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

anodontia, and delayed eruption of
permanent teeth.
 Poorly developed alveolar bone leading to
decreased vertical height and over closure of
mouth and protuberant lips.
 Xerostomia (decreased saliva) and frequent
dental caries
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03/15/2023 Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU
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03/15/2023 Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU
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TREATMENT

03/15/2023
No treatment available for the
condition

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

For oral manifestations
Denture to replace missing teeth
Artificial saliva

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SUMMARY

03/15/2023
 Knowledge of dermatological disorders is
important

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

 Terminologies
 Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia
Hypohydrosis
Hypotrichosis
Hypodontia

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ASSIGNMENT:

03/15/2023
 Yengage forum activities

Dept of Oral Pathology, YDC, YDU

REFERENCES:
 Shafer’s Text book of Oral Pathology
 Nevill’s Text book of Oral Pathology

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