ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 33-201 5

(Supersed es AN SI /ASH RAE Standard 1 3 3 -2008)

Method of Testing
Direct Evaporative
Air Coolers

Approved by ASH RAE on J anuary 3 0, 201 5 , and by the American N ational Standards I nstitute on February 2, 201 5 .

ASH RAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date foll owing the standard number is the year of
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 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
ASHRAE Standards Project Committee 1 33
Cognizant TC: TC 5.7, Evaporative Cooling
SPLS Liaison: Waller S. Clements
Patricia T. Graef, Chair* Gursaran D. M athur* H ofu Wu*

Klas C. H aglid * Roy T. Otterbein*

* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 201 4–201 5

Richard L. H all, Chair J ames W. Earley, J r. M ark P. M odera

Douglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J . Emmerich Cyrus H. N asseri

J oseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef H eather L. Platt

J ames Dale Aswegan Rita M . H arrold Peter Simmonds

Charles S. Barnaby Adam W. H inge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, J r.

Donald M . Brundage Srinivas Katipamula J ack H. Zarour

J ohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy J ulia A. Keen, BOD ExO

Waller S. Clements M alcolm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Olesen, CO
David R. Conover Rick A. Larson

J ohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. M elkov

Stephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards

SPECIAL NOTE
This American N ational Standard (AN S) is a national vol untary consensus Standard devel oped under the auspices of ASH RAE. Consensus is defined
by the American N ational Standards I nstitute (AN SI ), of which ASH RAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an AN S, as
“substantial agreement reached by directl y and material l y affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simpl e majority,
but not necessaril y unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution. ”
Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unl ess a l egal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through l egisl ation.
ASH RAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and publ ic review.
ASH RAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifical l y for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project
Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASH RAE; whil e other committee members may or may not be ASH RAE members, al l
must be technical l y qual ified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees.
The Senior M anager of Standards of ASH RAE shoul d be contacted for
a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,
b. participation in the next review of the Standard,
c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, or
d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.

DISCLAIMER
ASH RAE uses its best efforts to promul gate Standards and Guidel ines for the benefit of the publ ic in l ight of avail abl e information and accepted
industry practices. H owever, ASH RAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systems
tested, instal led, or operated in accordance with ASH RAE’s Standards or Guidel ines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines
wil l be nonhazardous or free from risk.

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS

ASH RAE Standards and Guidel ines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by
suggesting safe practices in designing and instal l ing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information
that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASH RAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance
to them is completel y vol untary.
I n referring to this Standard or Guidel ine and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no cl aim shal l be made, either stated or implied,
that the product has been approved by ASH RAE.

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
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CONTENTS
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1 33-201 5,
Method of Testing Direct Evaporative Air Coolers
SECTION PAGE
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
3 Definitions ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Symbols and Subscripts.................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Requirements.................................................................................................................................................... 4
6 Instruments and Methods of Measurement....................................................................................................... 4
7 Equipment and Setup........................................................................................................................................ 6
8 Data to Be Recorded......................................................................................................................................... 7
9 Calculations....................................................................................................................................................... 7
1 0 Performance Corrections to Nominal or Standard Airflow Rate and Speed...................................................... 9
1 1 Report and Results of Test................................................................................................................................ 9
1 2 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 0
Informative Annex A: Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 1 1
Informative Annex B: Additional Figures ............................................................................................................... 1 2

NOTE
Approved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE
Web site at www.ashrae.org/technology.

© 201 5 ASHRAE
1 791 Tullie Circle NE · Atlanta, GA 30329 · www.ashrae.org · All rights reserved.
ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.

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 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely
informative and does not contain requirements necessary
for conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-
cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard
and may contain material that has not been subj ect to
public review or a consensus process. Unresolved obj ec-
tors on informative material are not offered the right to
appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
First published in 2001, Standard 133 provides procedures
for testing direct evaporative cooling devices under labora-
tory conditions to obtain rating information. As an ASHRAE
method-of-test standard, it is intended to offer recommended
practices and accurate measurement procedures. In addition,
the committee incorporates the effects ofambient conditions,
testing error, instrument accuracy, and the need to make cer-
tain that no other sources of heat transfer are taking place
during the testing.
This revision makes a key change to Standard 133- 2008.
The density correction to saturation effectiveness has been
simplified by clarifying that it shall be reported only as a
function ofactual test standard airflow.
Various other improvements were made as well. Refer-
ences were updated to the latest editions, and mandatory lan-
guage was clarified.
1 . PURPOSE
This standard establishes a uniform method of laboratory test-
ing for rating packaged and component direct evaporative air
coolers.
2. SCOPE
The scope of this standard covers a method of testing for
2.1
rating the saturation effectiveness, airflow rate, and total power
of packaged and component direct evaporative air coolers.
2.2 Covered tests also include the methods for measuring the
static pressure differential of the direct evaporative air cooler,
density of the air, and speed of rotation of the fan.
2.3 This standard requires that packaged and component
direct evaporative air coolers be simultaneously tested for air-
flow, total power, and saturation effectiveness.
2.4 The ratings resulting from application of this standard are
intended for use by manufacturers, specifiers, installers, and
users of evaporative air cooling apparatus for residential,
commercial, agricultural, and industrial ventilation; for air-
cooling applications; and for commercial, industrial, and agri-
cultural processing applications.
3. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
adiabatic saturation: evaporating water into air without
external gain or loss of heat. Sensible heat in both air and
water becomes latent heat in evaporated vapor. The air is
cooled and humidified.
appurtenance device power: the electric power to drive
accessories—not including fans, pumps, or rotary devices—
supplied as a standard component of the production model of
Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine
the evaporative cooling unit (ECU) and the appurtenances
that are necessary for, contribute to, or enhance the cooling
capacity of the ECU. Appurtenance device power includes,
but is not limited to, water metering devices, conductivity
controllers, timers, dump cycle pumps, and solenoids.
Devices such as thermostats, transformers providing low volt-
age to control mechanisms, and freeze protection devices
shall not be included.
boundaries: evaporative cooling unit inlet and outlet bound-
aries are defined as the interface between the cooling unit
and the remainder of the system, and these boundaries are at
a plane perpendicular to the airstream where it enters or
leaves the ECU. Various appurtenances, such as filter media
assemblies, inlet boxes, inlet vanes, inlet cones, silencers,
screens, rain hoods, dampers, discharge cones, and eaves,
that are supplied as standard components to the unit shall be
included as a part of the cooling unit between the inlet and
outlet boundaries.
component direct evaporative cooler: a self-contained cabi-
net without a fan whose primary functions are (a) the conver-
sion of the sensible heat of unsaturated air passing through
the cabinet to latent heat by the process of evaporating recir-
culating or nonrecirculating water directly exposed to this air
and (b) the movement of this air through the cabinet that
allows a portion of this water to evaporate. An example of a
component direct evaporative cooler is shown in Informative
Appendix B, Figure B-7.
determination: a complete set of measurements for a particu-
lar point of operation of an ECU. The measurements shall be
sufficient to determine all ECU performance variables as
defined in this standard.
ECU: a term created for use in this document that stands for
“evaporative cooling unit.” The term cooling unit is also used
interchangeably throughout this document for evaporative
cooling unit, evaporative air cooler, and evaporative cooler.
ECU airflow rate: the volumetric airflow rate based on enter-
ing air density.
ECU outlet area: the gross inside area measured in the
plane(s) of the outlet opening(s).
ECU static pressure differential: the static pressure differen-
tial measured across the ECU and its appurtenances at each
point of operation.
ECU total power: the sum of the power in watts supplied to
the electrical components of the evaporative cooler tested.
This includes fan motors, pump motors, and other devices
needed to produce the cooling effect. The power to control
devices such as thermostats, transformers providing low volt-
age to control mechanisms, and freeze protection devices
shall not be included in total power.
ECU water flow rate: the water supplied to the ECU header.
evaporative air cooling: two methods using evaporating
water to cool air: direct, which is adiabatic and humidifies the
air, and indirect, which is not adiabatic and cools the air being
treated without adding moisture.
 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
fan power: the power required to drive the fan and any ele- Pn static pressure at nominal air density, Pa (in. wg)
ments in the drive train that are considered a part of the fan. Psx static pressure at plane x, Pa (in. wg)
fan speed: the rotational speed of the impeller. If a fan has Pstd static pressure at standard air density, Pa (in. wg)
more than one impeller, fan speeds are the rotational speeds
pb ambient barometric pressure, Pa (in. Hg)
of each impeller.
pe saturated vapor pressure at twx, Pa (in. Hg)
free delivery: the point of operation where the external static
pressure is zero. pp partial vapor pressure, Pa (in. Hg)
QECU ECU airflow rate, m3 /s (cfm)
gas constant: the gas constant (R ) for air is 287.1 J/kg·K
(53.35 ft·lbf/lbm·°R). Qn nominal airflow rate, m3 /s (cfm)
packaged direct evaporative cooler: a self-contained unit, Qw ECU water flow rate, L/s (gpm)
including a fan and fan motor, whose primary functions are R gas constant, J/kg·K (ft·lbf/lbm·°R)
(a) the conversion of the sensible heat of unsaturated air pass- Re Reynolds number, dimensionless
ing through the cabinet to latent heat by the process of evapo-
rating recirculating or nonrecirculating water directly exposed tdx dry-bulb temperature at plane x, °C (°F)
to this air and (b) the movement of this air through the unit. twx wet-bulb temperature at plane x, °C (°F)
An example of a direct evaporative air cooler is shown in Vx velocity at plane x, m/s (fpm)
Informative Appendix B, Figure B-6.
W total power, W
point of operation: the relative position on the cooling unit
Wf power input to ECU fan, W
characteristic curve corresponding to a particular airflow rate.
It is controlled during a test by adjusting the position of the Wfn nominal power input to ECU fan, W
throttling device, by changing flow nozzles or auxiliary fan Wp power input to pump or rotary device, W
characteristics, or by any combination of these. Wa power input to appurtenances, W
pressure, barometric: the absolute pressure exerted by the Wstd total ECU power at standard air density, W
atmosphere.
Wfstd ECU fan power at standard air density, W
pump or rotary device power: the electric power to drive the Y nozzle expansion factor, dimensionless
pump or rotary device used to distribute water in the ECU.
 static pressure ratio for nozzles, dimensionless
saturation effectiveness: the dry-bulb temperature reduction
achieved by the ECU divided by the entering wet-bulb
 diameter ratio for nozzles, dimensionless
depression.  saturation effectiveness, dimensionless
shutoff: the point of operation where the airflow rate is zero.  ratio of specific heats of air, dimensionless

standard air: dry air with a density of 1 .204 kg/m3 (0.075 P pressure differential, Pa (in. wg)
lbm/ft3 ), a specific heat of 1 .006 kJ/kg·K (0.24 Btu/lbm·°F), PECU pressure differential across ECU, Pa (in. wg)
and a viscosity of 1 .82×1 0 –5 N·s/m2 (1 .22×1 0 –5 lbm/ft·s). Air Pelbow pressure differential of elbow, Pa (in. wg)
at 20°C (68°F), 0% relative humidity, and 1 01 .325 kPa (29.92
in. Hg) has these properties, approximately.
Pnozzle pressure differential of nozzle, Pa (in. wg)
Pstd pressure differential corrected to standard air,
test: a series of determinations for various points of operation. Pa (in. wg)
wet-bulb depression: the difference between the dry-bulb and µ air viscosity, Pa·s (lbm/ft·s)
wet-bulb temperatures of an airstream.
 air density, kg/m3 (lbm/ft3 )
4. SYMBOLS AND SUBSCRIPTS x air density at plane x, kg/m3 (lbm/ft3 )
4.1 Symbols std density of air at standard air condition, kg/m3 (lbm/ft3 )
A area of cross section, m2 (ft2 )  summation sign
C nozzle discharge coefficient, dimensionless 4.2 Subscripts

D diameter and equivalent diameter, m (ft) x plane or station x, where x = 0, 1 , 2, etc., as appropriate
D pressure tap diameter, mm (in.) 0 plane 0 (ECU inlet)
E energy factor, dimensionless 1 plane 1 (pressure tap station)
L nozzle throat dimension, m (ft) 2 plane 2 (temperature measurement station)
M chamber diameter or equivalent diameter, m (ft) 3 plane 3 (nozzle inlet station)
Nn nominal or corrected fan speed, rpm 4 plane 4 (nozzle discharge station)
N ECU fan speed as measured, rpm n nominal
n number of readings, dimensionless std standard

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 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
FIGURE 1 Air-sampling device: aspirated psychrometer with sample tree.
5. REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Determinations. The number of determinations required
to establish the performance of an evaporative cooling unit
over the range from shutoff to free delivery shall be estab-
lished depending on the shapes of the various characteristic
curves. Plans shall be made to vary the opening of the throt-
tling device in to evenly space the test points. For smooth
characteristics, at least eight determinations shall be required
to define curves that are not smooth. When performance at
only one point of operation is required, at least three determi-
nations shall be made to define a short curve that includes that
point.
5.2 Equilibrium. Equilibrium conditions shall be estab-
lished before each determination. To test for equilibrium, trial
observations shall be made until steady readings are obtained.
Ranges of air delivery over which equilibrium cannot be
established shall be recorded.
5.3 Stability. Any bi-stable performance points (airflow
rates at which two different ECU static pressure differentials
are to be measured) shall be so reported. When they are a
result of hysteresis, the points shall be identified as that for
increasing and decreasing airflow rate.
5.4 Acceptable Temperature and Humidity Test Condi-
tions. Inlet plenum air dry-bulb temperature (t 0) shall be
46°C (1 1 5°F) maximum, the wet-bulb temperature (twb) shall
be 5°C (41 °F) minimum, and the wet-bulb depression shall be
1 1 °C (20°F) minimum during the testing period. The
upstream wet-bulb temperature (tw0 ) shall differ from the
downstream wet-bulb temperature (tw2 ) by no more than 1 °C
(2°F) during the test for the test results to be considered valid.
5.5 Acceptable Water Quality. Conductivity of the water
shall be measured using a conductivity meter. The conductiv-
ity of the water supplied to the distribution header shall be
between 350 and 3500 microsiemens (µS).
Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine
5.6 Entrainment Verification. Precautions shall be taken to
ensure water entrainment is not occurring in equipment being
tested for rating. Water entrainment will obviously affect tem-
perature measurements; therefore, any water entrainment
shall invalidate test results. A means to check the plenum air-
flow measuring station for wetness shall be incorporated in
the test apparatus, such as a sensitive paper that changes color
when water touches it.
6. INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS
OF MEASUREMENT
6.1 Temperature-Measurement. Temperature measurement
and temperature-measuring instruments, unless noted below,
shall conform to the requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE Stan-
dard 41 .1 . 1 The apparatus shall be the aspirated psychrometer
with a sample tree shown in Figure 1 . The sample tree shall
sample at least nine equal areas of the chamber. Both dry- and
wet-bulb temperatures shall be measured in this air-sampling
device. Care shall be taken to ensure that there is no loss of
heat or moisture from this device. To prevent erroneous air-
flow readings, the discharge of the psychrometer shall be
reconnected to the duct or chamber.
6.1.1 Type. Temperature measurement shall be made with
instruments that demonstrate the accuracy required by Sec-
d
tion 6.1 .2.
6.1.2 Accuracy. The accuracy shall be within the following
limits:
a. Air wet-and dry-bulb temperatures: ±0.2°C (0.40°F)
b. Other dry-bulb temperatures: ±0.30°C (0.50°F)
6.1.3 Scale. In no case shall the smallest scale division of
the temperature-measuring instrument exceed twice the speci-
fied accuracy. For example, for the specified accuracy of
±0.20°C (0.40°F), the smallest scale division shall not exceed
0.40°C (0.80°F).
 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
FIGURE 2 Static pressure tap. Note: A 2 mm (0.07 in.) hole is the maximum size that will allow space for a smooth surface 20 D from
the hole when installed 38 mm (1 .5 in.) from a partition, as in Figures 3 and B-1 .
6.1.4 Calibration. Where an accuracy closer than ±0.30°C
(0.50°F) is specified, the instruments shall be calibrated by
comparison with a thermometer that has a National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST) certification in the range
of use, or a thermometer with a NIST certification shall be
used.
6.1.5 Practice
6.1.5.1 Wet-Bulb Temperature. Wet-bulb temperatures
shall be read only under conditions that ensure an air velocity
of 3.5 to 1 0 m/s (700 to 2000 ft/min) over the wet-bulb, and
only after sufficient time has been allowed for evaporative
equilibrium to be attained.
6.1.5.2 Measurement Stations. The same measuring
methods and equipment shall be used at all measurement sta-
tions.
6.2 Pressure Measurement. Other than barometric pressure,
static pressure in ducts or chambers shall be measured with
special taps designed to eliminate velocity effects. Each loca-
tion requiring a static pressure measurement shall use a mini-
mum of four taps equidistant around the perimeter of the duct
or chamber. These taps shall be joined in a piezometer ring
and the ring used for measurement. Static pressure taps (Fig-
ure 2) are required on both sides of the flow nozzles and
downstream of the ECU.
6.2.1 Type. Pressure measurement shall be made in accor-
dance with ASHRAE Standard 41 .3. 2
6.2.2 Accuracy. The accuracy of pressure-measuring
instruments shall permit measurements with ±1 % of the
reading. Barometric pressure shall have accuracy of ±34 Pa
(0.01 in. Hg).
6.2.3 Scale. In no case shall the smallest scale division of
the pressure-measuring instrument exceed two times the spec-
ified accuracy.
6.3 Airflow Measurement. The airflow rate shall be deter-
mined by measuring the pressure differential across elliptical
flow nozzles in chambers as shown in Figure 3. Determina-
tions shall be in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 41 .2. 3
Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine
6.3.1 Nozzle Apparatus. This airflow-measuring appara-
tus is shown schematically in Figures 3 and B-1 . Each nozzle
station consists of a receiving chamber and a discharge cham-
ber separated by a partition in which one or more nozzles of
equal or unequal size are located. A detailed description of
the nozzle apparatus is given in ASHRAE Standard 41 .2. 3
6.3.2 Calibration. The standard nozzle is considered a pri-
mary instrument and need not be calibrated if maintained in
the specified condition. Reliable coefficients have been estab-
lished for throat dimension L = 0.6 D. Throat dimension L =
0.6 D is recommended for testing airflow of direct evaporative
cooling equipment.
6.3.3 Practice. The throat velocity of any nozzle in use shall
not be less than 1 5 m/s (3000 ft/min) nor greater than 35 m/s
(7000 ft/min). For detailed instructions on nozzle construction
and use with the airflow-measuring apparatus, see ASHRAE
41 .2. 3
6.4 Power. Power shall be measured using a wattmeter con-
nected to the ECU. Wattmeters shall have an accuracy of
±1 .0% of observed reading.
6.5 Water Flow. Water flow shall be measured using a total-
izing water meter connected to the ECU and a timing device
to determine the rate of water flow. Water meters shall have
an accuracy of ±5.0% of observed reading.
6.6 Speed. Speed shall be measured with a revolution coun-
ter and chronometer, a stroboscope counter and chronometer,
a precision instantaneous tachometer, an electronic counter-
timer, or any other device that has a demonstrated accuracy of
±0.5% of the value being measured.
6.6.1 Strobe. A stroboscopic device triggered by the line
frequency of a public utility is considered a primary instru-
ment and need not be calibrated if it is maintained in good
condition.
6.6.2 Chronometer. The chronometer used for all time
measurements shall have a display in seconds and keep time
accurately to within ±2 minutes per day.
6.6.3 Other Devices. The combination of a line frequency
strobe and chronometer shall be used to calibrate all other
 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.

FIGURE 3 Airflow measuring apparatus from setup in Figure B-1 (shown without throat taps or air-sampling device).
Note: Dimension J shall be at least 1 .0 times the fan equivalent discharge diameter for ECUs having fans with axis of rotation perpendic-
ular to the discharge airflow and at least 2.0 times the fan equivalent discharge diameter for ECUs having fans with axis of rotation paral-
lel to the discharge airflow.
Note: The distance from the exit face of the largest nozzle to the downstream settling means shall be a minimum of 2.5 × D4, the throat
diameter of the largest nozzle.

speed-measuring devices. Friction-driven counters shall not
be used when they influence the speed due to drag.
6.7 Water Conductivity. Water conductivity shall be mea-
sured using a conductivity meter having an accuracy ±1 0% of
observed reading. The meter shall have a means for tempera-
ture compensation.
6.7.1 Calibration. Conductivity meters shall be calibrated
using a certified calibration solution according to the manu-
facturer’s instructions.
7. EQUIPMENT AND SETUP
7.1 Setup. The suggested setup is shown in Figure B-1 .
7.1.1 Down Discharge Coolers. Down discharge coolers
shall be tested with a uniform elbow of an area with ±0.5% of
the ECU outlet area and a shape to fit the ECU outlet. The
elbow shall connect the discharge of the ECU to the chamber.
See Figure 4.
7.1.2 The elbow system effect factor (SEF) shall be consid-
ered. To minimize SEF for downdraft ECUs having centrifu-
gal blowers, the blower shall be oriented such that the turn of
the elbow follows the rotation of the shaft (see Figure 4).
7.1.3 Component Direct Evaporative Cooler Testing.
Component ECU testing shall be performed using the same
techniques as packaged ECU testing.
7.1.4 Mixers. Mixing or other types of devices shall be
used to ensure uniform temperature profiles to the ECU and
measurement devices in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 41 .1 . 1
7.2 Ducts. Short ducts that are used to simulate outlet duct
work shall be between 2 and 3 equivalent diameters in length
and have an area ±0.5% of the outlet area and a uniform shape
to fit the outlet. If the ECU is tested without outlet ductwork,
it shall be mounted on the end of the chamber.
7.2.1 Leakage. The ducts, chambers, and other equipment
utilized shall be designed to withstand the pressure and other
forces to be encountered. All joints between the ECU and the
measuring station shall be sufficiently tight so that measure-
ments are not affected by more than one-half the allowable
instrument error.
7.3 Chambers. A chamber shall be incorporated in a labora-
tory setup to provide a measuring station, to simulate the con-
ditions the ECU is expected to encounter in service, or both.

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 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.

FIGURE 4 Details of orientation of elbows for downdraft ECUs from Figure B-1 .

Such a chamber shall have a circular or rectangular cross-sec- shall be checked against a drawing and a copy of the drawing
tional shape. The dimension M in the test setup diagram (Fig- attached to the data.
ure 3) is the inside diameter of a circular chamber or the
8.2 Test Setup. The description of the test setup, including
equivalent diameter of a rectangular chamber with inside
specific dimensions, shall be recorded. The instruments and
transverse dimensions a and b where
apparatus used in the test shall be listed. Names, model num-
bers, serial numbers, scale ranges, and calibration information
M= (4 ab ⁄ ) 1 ⁄2 (1 )
shall be recorded.
7.3.1 Airflow Settling Means. Airflow settling means 8.3 Test Data. Test data for each determination shall be
shall be installed in the chamber(s) where indicated on the
recorded. Readings shall be made simultaneously whenever
test setup as shown in Figures 3 and B-1 . Settling means pro-
possible.
vide a proper airflow pattern. Where a measuring plane is
For all tests, three readings of the following shall be
located downstream of the settling means, the settling means
recorded and averaged for each determination:
is provided to ensure a substantially uniform airflow ahead of
the measuring plane. In this case, the maximum velocity at a a. ECU inlet dry-bulb temperature (td0 )
distance 0.1 M downstream of the screen shall not exceed the b. ECU inlet wet-bulb temperature (tw0 )
average velocity by more than 25% unless the maximum c. ambient barometric pressure (pb)
velocity is less than 2 m/s (400 fpm). Where measuring d. ECU downstream dry-bulb temperature (td2 )
planes are located on both sides of the settling means within
e. ECU downstream wet-bulb temperature (tw2 )
the chamber, the requirements for each side as outlined above
f. Fan speed (N)
shall be met. A performance check shall be performed to ver-
g. Power input to fan (Wf)
ify that the airflow settling means are providing proper air-
flow patterns. h. Power input to pump or rotary device (Wp)
i. Power input to appurtenances (Wa)
7.3.2 Multiple Nozzles. Multiple nozzles shall be located
j. ECU static pressure differential (P ECU)
as symmetrically as possible. The centerline of each nozzle
shall be at least 1 .5 nozzle throat diameters from the chamber k. Nozzle pressure differential (Pnozzle)
wall. The minimum distance between centers of any two noz- l. Water conductivity
zles in simultaneous use shall be three times the throat diame- When the ECU is not supplied with a pump or rotary
ter of the larger nozzle. device, water flow to the ECU (QW) shall be recorded.
7.4 Point of Operation. A means of varying the point of 8.4 Personnel. The names of test personnel shall be listed
operation shall be provided in the laboratory setup. If auxil- with the data for which they are responsible.
iary fans are used to control the point of operation of the
ECU, they shall be designed to produce sufficient pressure at 9. CALCULATIONS
the desired airflow rate to overcome losses through the test
setup, including any necessary transitional ductwork or 9.1 Calibration Correction. Calibration corrections, when
elbows located between the ECU and test chamber. Auxiliary required, shall be applied to individual readings before aver-
fans shall not surge or pulsate during tests. aging or other calculations. Calibration corrections need not
be made if the correction is smaller than one-half the maxi-
8. DATA TO BE RECORDED mum allowable error as specified in Section 6.

8.1 Test ECU. The description of the test ECU shall be 9.2 Density and Viscosity ofAir
recorded. The nameplate data shall be copied. Dimensions 9.2.1 Air Density

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
9.2.1.1 Atmospheric Air Density. The atmospheric air 9.3.1.2 Beta Ratio. Beta ratio is the ratio ( ) of nozzle
density ( 0 ) shall be determined from measurements of dry- exit diameter (D4 ) to approach duct diameter (D3 ):
bulb temperature (td0 ), wet-bulb temperature (tw0 ), and baro-
metric pressure at plane 0 (pb) using the following equations:
 = D4⁄D3 (8)

For the chamber approach, it is sufficiently accurate for

pe = 3.25 E-03 t w2 0 + 1 .86 E-02 t w 0 + 0.692 (2 SI) to be taken as zero.
9.3.1.3 Expansion Factor. The expansion factor (Y) shall
pe = 2.96 E-04 t w 0 – 1 .59 E-02 t w 0 + 0.41
2
(2 I-P) be calculated as follows:
1 2
pp = p e – p b  td 0 – tw 0   1 500 (3 SI)   2  1 –   – 1   1 2
1 –
4
Y = (9)
–1 1 – 1 –
4
2 
pp = p e – p b  td 0 – tw 0   2700 (3 I-P)
The ratio of specific heats () shall be taken as 1 .4 for air
0 =  p b – 0.378 p p   R  t d 0 + 273.1 5  (4 SI) or, alternatively, the expansion factor for air shall be calcu-
lated under this standard using the following equation:
0 = 70.73  p b – 0.378 p p   R  td 0 + 459.67  (4 I-P)
Y = 1 –  0.548 + 0.71 
4
1 –  (1 0)
Equation 2 is approximately correct for saturated vapor
pressure (pe) for a range of tw0 between 4°C (39°F) and 32°C 9.3.1.4 Reynolds Number. The Reynolds number (Re),
(90°F). More precise values of pe are available from ASHRAE based on air properties measured at plane 2 and nozzle exit
Handbook—Fundamentals. 4 The gas constant (R) for air is diameter (D4) in m (ft), shall be calculated from the following:
287.055.1 J/kg·K (53.352 ft·lbf/lbm·°R).
9.2.1.2 Chamber Air Density. It is acceptable to calcu-
Re = D4 V4  2   2 (1 1 SI)

late the density of air in a duct or chamber at plane x ( x) by

Re = D 4 V4  2  60  2 (1 1 I-P)
correcting the density of atmospheric air ( 0 ) for pressure
(Psx) and temperature (tdx) at plane x using the following: using properties of air as determined in Section 9.2 and the
appropriate velocity (V4 ) in m/s (fpm). Since the velocity
 td 0 + 273.1 5   P sx + p b  determination depends on Reynolds number, an approxima-
x =  0 (5 SI)
 tdx + 273.1 5  pb tion shall be employed:

 t d 0 + 459.67   P sx + 1 3.63 p b 
x =  0 (5 I-P) Re =
2
CD 4 Y   P Nozzle  2   1 – E 4  
1 2
 tdx + 459.67   1 3.63 p b  2
(1 2 SI)

If Psx is numerically less than 1 kPa (4 in. wg), it is

acceptable to consider  x equal to  0 . 1 097 1 2
Re = CD 4 Y  P Nozzle  2   1 – E 4   (1 2 I-P)
9.2.2 Air Viscosity. The viscosity (µ) shall be calculated 60  2
from the following:
A simplified approximation suitable for the range of tem-
2 =  1 .723 + 0.0048 td 2   1 0 –5 (6 SI) peratures from 4°C (40°F) to 38°C (1 00°F) is:

Re = 7.09  1 0 4 D 4   P Nozzle  2  (1 3 SI)

=  1 .1 00 + 0.001 8 t d 2 
–5
2  10 (6 I-P)

The viscosity value for air at 20°C (68°F), which is

Re = 1 .36  1 0 6 D 4   P Nozzle  2  (1 3 I-P)
1 .81 9×1 0 –5 Pa·s (1 .222×1 0 –5 lbm /ft·s), is sufficiently accu-
This is based on the chamber approach where C = 0.95, Y
rate for temperatures ranging between 4°C (39°F) and 32°C
= 0.96, E = 1 .0, (1 – E 4 ) 1 /2 = 1 , and µ2 = 1 .81 9×1 0 –5 Pa·s
(90°F).
(1 .222×1 0 –5 lbm /ft·s).
9.3 ECU Airflow Rate at Test Conditions 9.3.1.5 Discharge Coefficient. For Re of 1 2,000 and
9.3.1 Nozzle. It is acceptable to calculate the airflow rate above, the nozzle discharge coefficient (C) shall be deter-
from the pressure differential (PNozzle) measured across a mined from the following:
single nozzle or a bank of multiple nozzles.
C = 0.9986 –  7.006  Re  +  1 34.6  Re  for L  D = 0.6
9.3.1.1 Alpha Ratio. The ratio () of absolute nozzle exit
(1 4)
pressure to absolute approach pressure shall be calculated
from the following:
C = 0.9986 –  6.688  Re  +  1 31 .5  Re  for L  D = 0.5
 = 1 –   P Nozzle   P S 3 + pb  (7 SI) (1 5)

9.3.1.6 Airflow Rate for Chamber Nozzles. The volu-

 = 1 –  5.1 87  P Nozzle    2 R  t d 2 + 459.67    (7 I-P) metric airflow rate (Q3 ) at the entrance to a nozzle or multiple

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
nozzles with the chamber approach shall be calculated from 1 0. PERFORMANCE CORRECTIONS TO NOMINAL
air density determined at plane 2. For (Q3 = Q2 ), OR STANDARD AIRFLOW RATE AND SPEED
10.1 Standard Airflow Rate. The airflow rate shall be cal-
Q2 = Y4  2  P Nozzle   2  1  2    CA 4  (1 6 SI)
culated from the test data as follows:

Q2 = 1 097 Y 4  2  P Nozzle   2 
1 2
 CA 4  (1 6 I-P) Qstd = QECU( 0⁄std) (22)

The coefficient (C) and area (A 4 ) shall be determined for

10.2 ECU Standard Static Pressure Differential. The stan-
dard static pressure differential of the ECU shall be calculated
each nozzle and their products summed as indicated. The area
as follows:
(A 4 ) shall be measured at the plane of the throat taps or the
nozzle exit for nozzles without throat taps.  Pstd = PECU(std⁄ 0) (23)
9.3.1.7 ECU Airflow Rate. The ECU airflow rate
10.3 Fan Standard Power
(QECU) at test conditions shall be obtained from the equation
of continuity: Wfstd = Wf(std ⁄0) (24)

Q ECU = Q2   2   0  (1 7) 10.4 ECU Standard Power Input

9.4 ECU Power Input at Test Conditions. The total power
input to the test unit is the sum of fan and pump or rotary
device power and appurtenance device power:
W = W f + W p + Wa
9.4.1 Fan Power. The electric power input to the fan
(expressed in watts) shall be included in the total power input.
9.4.2 Pump or Rotary Device Power. The electric power
input to the pump or rotary device (expressed in watts) shall
be included in the total power input.
9.4.3 Appurtenance Power. The electric power input to
appurtenances supplied with the ECU (expressed in watts)
shall be included in the total power input when
a. the appurtenance is a standard component of the produc-
tion unit, and
b. the appurtenance is necessary for, contributes to, or
enhances the cooling capacity of the ECU.
9.5 Saturation Effectiveness. The saturation effectiveness
shall be calculated as follows:
 = 1 00  d 0 t – td 2    td0 – tw 0 
9.6 ECU Static Pressure Differential. The ECU static pres-
sure differential (PECU) shall be the static pressure differen-
tial between plane 0 and plane 1 :
P
 ECU = Ps 1 – Ps 0
For a downdraft ECU utilizing an elbow as shown in Fig-
ure B-1 , the elbow static pressure (Pelbow) shall be deter-
mined in accordance with system effect factor (SEF)
calculations such as those found in ASHRAE Handbook—
Fundamentals. 4 Static pressure differential (PECU) of a
downdraft ECU utilizing an elbow shall be as follows:
P
 ECU = P s 1 – P s 0 +   Pelbow + SEF    std   0 
The Pelbow and system effect factor shall be based on
standard air. The density correction then corrects Pelbow +
SEF to test conditions, such that PECU represents the ECU
static pressure differential at test density.
Wstd = Wfstd + Wp + Wa (25)
10.5 Correction to Nominal Fan Speed at Standard Den-
sity. If, during a laboratory test, the speed of rotation varies
(1 8) from one determination to another, Equations 26, 27, and 28
shall be used to convert the results calculated for test condi-
tions to those that would prevail at nominal constant speed,
using the following:
Qn = Qstd(Nn ⁄N) (26)
 Pn = Pstd (Nn ⁄N)2 (27)
Wfn = Wfstd (Nn ⁄N)3 (28)
10.6 Saturation Effectiveness. The saturation effectiveness
is a function of mass flow only. It shall be reported as a func-
tion airflow rate corrected to standard air. It shall not be cor-
rected for fan speed.
1 1 . REPORT AND RESULTS OF TEST
11.1 Report. The report of a laboratory evaporative cooler
test shall include object, results, test data, and descriptions of
the evaporative cooler, including appurtenances, test setup,
(1 9)
and test instruments as outlined in Section 8. The test baro-
metric pressure shall be clearly identified. The laboratory
shall be identified by name and location. Performance data
for a packaged ECU shall be summarized in a table similar to
Figure B-4. Performance data for a component ECU shall be
(20) summarized in a table similar to Figure B-5. If the ECU is not
supplied with a pump or rotary device, a description of the
method of supplying the water as well as the flow rate of
water delivered to the ECU shall be included.
11.1.1 Identification. Performance sheets shall list the test
evaporative cooling unit and test setup. Sufficient details shall
be listed to identify clearly the cooling unit and setup.
11.1.2 Appurtenances. Various appurtenances, such as fil-
(21 ) ter media assemblies, inlet boxes, inlet vanes, inlet cones,
silencers, screens, rain hoods, dampers, discharge cones, and
eaves, shall be included as a part of the cooling unit between
the inlet and outlet boundaries. The test reports shall clearly
state the inlet and outlet boundaries of the cooling unit and
list included appurtenances.

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 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
11.2 Performance Curves. The results of an ECU test shall
be presented as performance curves. All information, except
airflow and water flow, shall be published at standard air den-
sity and be clearly identified as such.
11.2.1 Test Points. The results for each determination shall
be shown on the performance curve as a series of circled
points, one for each variable plotted as ordinate.
11.2.2 Curve-Fitting. Curves for each variable shall be
obtained by drawing a curve or curves using the test points for
reference. The curves shall not depart from the test points by
more than 0.5% of any test value, and the sum of the devia-
tions shall approximate zero.
11.2.3 Discontinuities. When discontinuities exist, they
shall be identified with a broken line. If equilibrium cannot be
established for any determination, the curves joining the
points for that determination with adjacent points shall be
drawn as broken lines.
11.2.4 Coordinates for Package ECU Performance
Curves. Performance curves shall be drawn with ECU flow
rate as abscissa. ECU standard static pressure differential,
ECU standard power input, and ECU standard saturation
effectiveness shall be plotted as ordinates. If all results were
Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine
converted to a nominal speed, such speed shall be listed; oth-
erwise, a curve with fan speed as ordinate shall be drawn.
Typical packaged ECU performance curve format is shown in
Figures B-2a and B-2b.
11.2.5 Coordinates for Component ECU Performance
Curves. Performance curves shall be drawn with airflow rate
as abscissa. ECU standard static pressure differential, ECU
standard power input, and ECU standard saturation effective-
ness shall be plotted as ordinates. Typical component ECU
performance curve format is shown in Figure B-3.
1 2. REFERENCES
1 . ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41 .1 -1 986 (RA 2006), Standard
Method for Temperature Measurement. Atlanta:
ASHRAE.
2. ASHRAE Standard 41 .3-1 989, Standard Method for Pres-
sure Measurement. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
3. ASHRAE Standard 41 .2-1 987 (RA 92), Standard Meth-
ods for Laboratory Air-Flow Measurement. Atlanta:
ASHRAE.
4. 2009 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals. Atlanta:
ASHRAE.
 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely
informative and does not contain requirements necessary
for conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-
cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard
and may contain material that has not been subj ect to
public review or a consensus process. Unresolved obj ec-
tors on informative material are not offered the right to
appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
INFORMATIVE ANNEX A
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ASHRAE. 2009. ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals , Chap-
ter 1 . Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 201 2 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Systems and
Equipment, Chapter 41 . Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 2006. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41 .1 -1 986 (RA
2006), Standard Method for Temperature Measurement.
Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 2007. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 51 -2007 (AMCA
Standard 21 0-2007), Laboratory Methods ofTesting Fans
for Aerodynamic Performance Rating. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 2005. ASHRAE Guideline 2, Engineering Analy-
sis ofExperimental Data. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 1 992. ASHRAE Standard 41 .2-1 987 (RA 1 992),
Standard Methods for Laboratory Airflow Measurement.
Atlanta: ASHRAE.
Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine
ASHRAE. 1 989. ASHRAE Standard 41 .3, Standard Method
for Pressure Measurement. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASHRAE. 2006. ASHRAE Standard 41 .6-1 994 (RA 2006),
Standard Method for Measurement ofMoist Air Proper-
ties. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASME. 1 967. ASME Steam and Water Properties. New York:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
SAA. 2000. Australian Standard AS 291 3-2000, Evaporative
Air-Conditioning Equipment. North Sydney, NSW: Stan-
dards Association of Australia.
ISO. 1 991 . ISO 51 67-1 :1 991 E, Measurement of Fluid Flow
by Means ofPressure Differential Devices—Part 1: Ori-
fice Plates, Nozzles and Venturi Tubes in Circular Cross-
section Conduits Running Full. Geneva: International
Organization for Standardization.
Koca, R.W., W.C. Hughes, and L.L Christianson. 1 991 . Evap-
orative cooling pads: Test procedure and evaluation.
Applied Engineering in Agriculture 7(4):485–90.
MacLaine-Cross, I.L., and P.J. Banks. 1 991 . A general theory
of wet surface exchanger and its application to regenera-
tive evaporative cooling. Journal ofHeat Transfer 1 03.
Otterbein, R. 1 989. Direct evaporative cooling, theory and
practice. Proceedings of Arizona Energy Engineers
Spring Conference, Tempe Arizona.
Zaleski, R.H., and J.M. Murr. 1 982. A Study of Evaporative
Cooling Pad Media. Muskogee, OK: ACME Engineering
& Manufacturing Corp.
 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for con-
formance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain
material that has not been subj ect to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved obj ectors on informative material
are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

INFORMATIVE ANNEX B
ADDITIONAL FIGURES

FIGURE B-1 Suggested setup for testing direct evaporative coolers.

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.

Date of Test: _____________ Test #: _____________________ Project #: ___________________________________

Manufacturer: ________________________________________ Model #: ________________ Fan Speed: __________
Appurtenances: ___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Name of Testing Laboratory: ____________________________ Curve By: ___________________________________
Address of Testing Laboratory: __________________________ Signature: ___________________________________
___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________________________

FIGURE B-2a Typical performance curve format for packaged ECU reported at constant speed.

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.

Date of Test: _____________ Test #: _____________________ Project #: ___________________________________

Manufacturer: ________________________________________ Model #: ___________________________________
Appurtenances: ___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Name of Testing Laboratory: ____________________________ Curve By: __________________________________
Address of Testing Laboratory: __________________________ Signature: __________________________________
Date: ______________________________________

FIGURE B-2b Typical performance curve format for packaged ECU reported with varying speed.

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.

Date of Test: _____________ Test #: _____________________ Project #: ___________________________________

Manufacturer: ________________________________________ Model #: ____________________________________
ECU Inlet area of Media or Wet Section: ___________________ m2 (ft2 ) Media or Wet Section Type: ____________
Appurtenances: ___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Name of Testing Laboratory: ____________________________ Curve By: ___________________________________
Address of Testing Laboratory: __________________________ Signature: ___________________________________
___________________________________________________ Date: ______________________________________

FIGURE B-3 Typical performance curve format for component ECU.

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
Date of Test: ______________ Test #: ______________ Project #: __________________________________________
Test Unit Description (photo or drawing attached): __________________________H: _______ W: _______ L: _______
ECU Manufacturer: ________________________________Model ___________________________________________
#:
Nameplate Power: _________ Volts: ___________ Hz: _________ Amperes: ___________ Phase: __________
Fan Mfr.: _______________________ Model # _______________ OD: __________Width: ________ Pitch: _________
Motor: Mfr.: _____________________________________ Model #: ___________________________________
Nameplate Power: _______Volts: _______ Hz: _________Amperes: ______ RPM:_________ Phase: ________
Drive: _________________ Sheave Mfr.: ______________ Pulley Size: __________ Belt Length: ____________
Description of Pump, Rotary Device or Other Method to Circulate ECU Water: _________________________________
Manufacturer: _____________________________Model #: _________________________________________
Nameplate Power: ___________ Volts: ________ Hz: ______ Amperes: ______ RPM: _______ Phase: ______
Test Duct Description, (Photo or sketch attached): __________________________ H: _______ W: _______ L: _______
Appurtenances: ____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

INPUT DATA ___________ 1 ________ 2 _______ 3 _______ 4 _______ 5 _______ 6 ______ 7________8 _______
1. ECU Outlet Area: ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Nozzles Used (_a, _b, _c): ______________________________________________________________________________
3. Nozzle P: __________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Static Pressure Differential of ECU: ______________________________________________________________________
PECU = Ps + ( Pelbow + SEF)(  std 0 ) _______________________________________________________________
a) Ps = Ps1 – Ps0 __________________________________________________________________________________
b) Pelbow: _______________________________________________________________________________________
c) SEF ___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Dry-Bulb Temp. in, td0: ________________________________________________________________________________
6. Dry-Bulb Temp. out, td2: _______________________________________________________________________________
7. Wet-Bulb Temp. in, tw0: ________________________________________________________________________________
8. Wet-Bulb Temp. out, tw2: _______________________________________________________________________________
9. Saturation Effectiveness: _______________________________________________________________________________
 = (td0 – td2 ) (td0 – tw0 ): _____________________________________________________________________________
1 0. Barometric Pressure, Pb: _______________________________________________________________________________
1 1 . Air Density: _________________________________________________________________________________________
a)  0 : ____________________________________________________________________________________________
b)  2 : ____________________________________________________________________________________________
1 2. ECU W = Wf+Wp + Wa: ________________________________________________________________________________
a) Fan Power, Wf: __________________________________________________________________________________
b) Pump Power, Wp: ________________________________________________________________________________
c) Appurtenance Power, Wa: __________________________________________________________________________
1 3. Fan Rotation, N: ______________________________________________________________________________________
1 4. Sheave Setting: ______________________________________________________________________________________
1 5. Nozzle Coefficients, C: ________________________________________________________________________________
a) C, Nozzle ‘ a’ ___________________________________________________________________________________
b) C, Nozzle ‘ b’ ___________________________________________________________________________________
c) C, Nozzle ‘ c’ ___________________________________________________________________________________
1 6. Nozzle Area, A a + A b + A c ______________________________________________________________________________
a) Nozzle Area, A a: _________________________________________________________________________________
b) Nozzle Area, A b: _________________________________________________________________________________
c) Nozzle Area, A c: _________________________________________________________________________________
1 7. QECU = (Qa + Qb + Qc)( 2 0) __________________________________________________________________________
a) Airflow, Nozzle ‘ a’, Qa: ___________________________________________________________________________
b) Airflow, Nozzle ‘b’ , Qb ___________________________________________________________________________
c) Airflow, Nozzle ‘ c’, Qc ____________________________________________________________________________
FIGURE B-4 Typical report format for packaged ECU.

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 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
1 8. Entrainment? (Y, N): __________________________________________________________________________________
1 9. ECU Water Flow Rate, Qw _____________________________________________________________________________
20. Water Conductivity ___________________________________________________________________________________
STANDARD DENSITY CORRECTIONS __1 ______2 ______ 3 ______ 4 ______ 5 ______6 ______7 _____ 8 _____
21 . std = 1 – (1 – ) (0std): ________________________________________________________________________________
22. Pstd = PECU (std 0): _______________________________________________________________________________
23. Wfstd = Wf (std 0): ___________________________________________________________________________________
24. Wstd = Wfstd + Wp + Wa: ________________________________________________________________________________
SPEED CORRECTIONS ______________ 1_______2 ______ 3 ______ 4 _____ 5_______6 _____ 7______ 8 _____
25. Corrected to Constant Fan Speed, Nn:
26. Qstd = Q3 (NnN): _____________________________________________________________________________________
27. Pn = Pstd(NnN)2 ___________________________________________________________________________________
28. Wfn = Wfstd(NnN) 3 ____________________________________________________________________________________
29. Wn = Wfn + Wp + Wa ___________________________________________________________________________________
LIST OF INSTRUMENTS _____________________________________________________________________________
Name __________ Make ______ Model # ______ Serial# ______ Scale Range _____ Accuracy ______ Date Calibrated _
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name of Testing Laboratory: _____________________________________ Tested By: _________________________
Address of Testing Laboratory: ____________________________________ Signature: _________________________
_________________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________________
FIGURE B-4 Typical report format for packaged ECU (continued).

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
Date of Test: ______________ Test #: ______________ Project #: __________________________________________
Test Unit Description (photo or drawing attached): __________________________H: _______ W: _______ L: _______
Manufacturer: __________________________________ ____________________________________________________
Model #:
Nameplate Power: _________ Volts: ___________ Hz: _________ Amperes: ___________ Phase: __________
Description of Pump, Rotary Device or Other Method to Circulate ECU Water: _________________________________
Manufacturer: _____________________________Model #: _________________________________________
Nameplate Power: ___________ Volts: ________ Hz: ______ Amperes: ______ RPM: _______ Phase: ______
Test Duct Description, (Photo or sketch attached): __________________________ H: _______ W: _______ L: _______
Appurtenances: ____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

INPUT DATA ___________ 1 ________ 2 _______ 3 _______ 4 _______ 5 _______ 6 ______ 7________8 _______
1. ECU Outlet Area: ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Nozzles Used (_a, _b, _c): ______________________________________________________________________________
3. Nozzle PNozzle: _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Static Pressure Differential of ECU: ______________________________________________________________________
PECU = Ps + ( Pelbow + SEF)(  std 0 ) _______________________________________________________________
a) Ps = Ps1 – Ps0 __________________________________________________________________________________
b) Pelbow: _______________________________________________________________________________________
c) SEF ___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Dry-Bulb Temp. in, td0: ________________________________________________________________________________
6. Dry-Bulb Temp. out, td2: _______________________________________________________________________________
7. Wet-Bulb Temp. in, tw0: ________________________________________________________________________________
8. Wet-Bulb Temp. out, tw2: _______________________________________________________________________________
9. Saturation Effectiveness: _______________________________________________________________________________
 = (td0 – td2 ) (td0 – tw0 ): _____________________________________________________________________________
1 0. Barometric Pressure, Pb: _______________________________________________________________________________
1 1 . Air Density,  : _______________________________________________________________________________________
a)  0 : ____________________________________________________________________________________________
b)  2 : ____________________________________________________________________________________________
1 2. ECU W = Wf+ Wp + Wa: _______________________________________________________________________________
a) Pump Power, Wp: ________________________________________________________________________________
b) Appurtenance Power, Wa: __________________________________________________________________________
1 3. Nozzle Coefficients, C: ________________________________________________________________________________
a) C, Nozzle ‘ a’ ___________________________________________________________________________________
b) C, Nozzle ‘ b’ ___________________________________________________________________________________
c) C, Nozzle ‘ c’ ___________________________________________________________________________________
1 4. Nozzle Area, A a + A b + A c ______________________________________________________________________________
a) Nozzle Area, A a: _________________________________________________________________________________
b) Nozzle Area, A b: _________________________________________________________________________________
c) Nozzle Area, A c: _________________________________________________________________________________
1 5. Entrainment? (Y, N): __________________________________________________________________________________
1 6. ECU Water Flow Rate, Qw _____________________________________________________________________________
1 7. Water Conductivity ___________________________________________________________________________________
DENSITY CORRECTIONS______________1 ______2 ______ 3 ______ 4 ______ 5 ______6 ______7 _____ 8 _____
1 8. QECU = (Qa + Qb + Qc) ( 2 0)__________________________________________________________________________
a) Airflow, Nozzle ‘ a’, Qa: ___________________________________________________________________________
b) Airflow, Nozzle ‘b’ , Qb ___________________________________________________________________________
c) Airflow, Nozzle ‘ c’, Qc
1 9. std = 1 – (1 – ) (0std): _______________________________________________________________________________
20. Pstd = PECU (std 0): _______________________________________________________________________________
21 . Wstd = Wp + Wa: ______________________________________________________________________________________
FIGURE B-5 Typical report format for component ECU.

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
LIST OF INSTRUMENTS _____________________________________________________________________________
Name ________Make ______ Model # ______ Serial# _____ Scale Range _____ Accuracy _____ Date Calibrated ______
1. _________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name of Testing Laboratory: _____________________________________ Tested By: _________________________
Address of Testing Laboratory: ____________________________________ Signature: _________________________
Date:
FIGURE B-5 Typical report format for component ECU (continued).

FIGURE B-6 Illustration of a packaged direct evaporative air cooler (ECU).

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.

FIGURE B-7 Illustration of a component direct evaporative air cooler (ECU).

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 © ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.
POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN
FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES
ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment.
ASHRAE’s members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of
the systems and components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide,
consistent with accepted Standards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the
indoor and outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the Standards and Guidelines as established by
itself and other responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive Technical Committee structure,
continue to generate up-to-date Standards and Guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote
those new and revised Standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date Standards and design considerations as the
material is systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and
will seek out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating
Standards and Guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the
system’s intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scope
operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and
energy transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection
should be made by its members.

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine

 ASHRAE · 1 791 Tullie Circle NE · Atlanta, GA 30329 · www.ashrae.org

About ASHRAE
ASHRAE, founded in 1 894, is a global society advancing human well-being through sustainable technology for the
built environment. The Society and its members focus on building systems, energy efficiency, indoor air quality,
refrigeration, and sustainability. Through research, Standards writing, publishing, certification and continuing
education, ASHRAE shapes tomorrow’s built environment today.

For more information or to become a member of ASHRAE, visit www.ashrae.org.

To stay current with this and other ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines, visit www.ashrae.org/standards.

Visit the ASHRAE Bookstore

ASHRAE offers its Standards and Guidelines in print, as immediately downloadable PDFs, on CD-ROM, and via
ASHRAE Digital Collections, which provides online access with automatic updates as well as historical versions of
publications. Selected Standards and Guidelines are also offered in redline versions that indicate the changes made
between the active Standard or Guideline and its previous version. For more information, visit the Standards and
Guidelines section of the ASHRAE Bookstore at www.ashrae.org/bookstore.

IMPORTANT NOTICES ABOUT THIS STANDARD

To ensure that you have all of the approved addenda, errata, and interpretations for this
Standard, visit www.ashrae.org/standards to download them free of charge.
Addenda, errata, and interpretations for ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are no
longer distributed with copies of the Standards and Guidelines. ASHRAE provides
these addenda, errata, and interpretations only in electronic form to promote
more sustainable use of resources.

Product code: 86434 2/1 5

Copyright American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engine