EXCEL REVIEW CENTER GENERAL ENGINEERING SCIENCES

GEAS | ESAS
The only review center that offers
review for SPLE in Middle East
my.excelreviewer.com Thermodynamics Part 5

Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Thermodynamics

Systems Processes Processes Formulas
A thermodynamic system refers to a matter A thermodynamic process is defined as the ADIABATIC PROCESS
enclosed within a defined volume. Everything energetic evolution a thermodynamic system
under study is part of the system. Everything proceeding from an initial state to a final Q =0 U = −W
external to the system is defined as the state.

Excel Review Center

Excel Review Center
surroundings or environment. The ISOBARIC PROCESS
interface between the system and the ADIABATIC PROCESS
environment is called the boundary. This is A process where no heat or other processes P = 0 Q = H
where most interaction of energy happens. crosses the system boundary. The term
“adiabatic” comes from Greek word ISOTHERMAL PROCESS
ADIABATIC SYSTEM “adiabatos” which means “not to be passed”.
T = 0 Q=W
It is a system that has no exchange of energy
or matter with surrounding environment. ISOBARIC PROCESS ISOVOLUMETRIC PROCESS
A process in which the pressure remains
OPEN SYSTEM constant. V = 0 Q = U W =0
If mass flows through the system across ISOTHERMAL PROCESS ISENTROPIC PROCESS
system boundary. In an open system, heat, A process in which the temperature remains
work and matter may cross the boundary. constant. S = 0 Q =0
This is often called “control volume system”.
Examples: Jet engine, pumps ISOVOLUMETRIC PROCESS THROTTLING PROCESS
A process in which the volume remains
STEADY FLOW SYSTEM constant. Also known as isochoric or H = 0 P2  P1
isometric process
It is a type of open system wherein matter Excel Review Center
enters and leaves at the same rate. Examples: POLYTROPIC PROCESS
ISENTROPIC PROCESS
Boilers, turbines Excel Review Center An adiabatic process in which there is no where:
change in system entropy P1 V1n = P2 V2n n = polytropic exponent
CLOSED SYSTEM
THROTTLING PROCESS n = 0 for constant pressure process
If no mass flows through the system An adiabatic process in which there is no n = 1 for constant temperature process
boundaries, i.e. matter does not cross change in system enthalpy but with n = k for isentropic process
boundary but energy can cross the boundary. significant drop in pressure.The ratio of the n =  for constant volume process
ThisThe
is often
amountcalled “control
of heat mass system”.
to be supplied change in temperature to the change in Excel Review Center
to an object to produce a unit pressure when a real gas is throttled is called Q = mcn T n−k
change in its temperature.
cn = cv
ISOLATED SYSTEM Joule-Thomson coefficient. This coefficient n−1
Another term for heat capacity is
It isThermal Capacity.
a type of SI unit iswherein
closed system J/K neither
Brownian Movement
is also known as the Joule-Kelvin where:
coefficient. cn = polytropic specific heat
mass nor energy crosses the boundaries.
QUASISTATIC PROCESS
DIATHERMIC SYSTEM A process which can be divided infinitesimally
where: from equilibrium
If energy crosses
C = heat the system boundaries.
capacity
Q = heat
POLYTROPIC PROCESS
ΔT = change
Characteristics ofinthe
temperature
different thermodynamic A process that follows the polytropic equation
systems: Excel Review Center of state

REVERSIBLE PROCESS
A process in which its conclusion, both the
system and the local surroundings can be
restored to their initial state
The future
IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS of Philippine
A process in which its conclusion, both the Education
system and the local surroundings cannot be
Excel Review Center restored to their initial state. All actual
processes are irreversible processes. Excel Review Center