Final CPTS Chapter 2

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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Chapter 2
Related Literature and Studies
The proponents found the following studies from unpublished thesis and
literature derived from journals, books, and internet that is relevant to the system
being proposed. The chapter is also going to explore the product of research
conducted on existing car parking systems. This chapter is basically to identify
some car parking ticketing system and compare to produce some limitations of
the current system. The following studies found from unpublished thesis and
literature derived from journals, books, articles, and internet that is relevant to the
system being proposed.
Avida’s Car Parking Ticketing System (CPTS) 2 - 15|P a g e

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2.1 Theoretical Framework
MySQL Server
I.T
THEORIES .NetFramework 4.0
Car
Parking
Ticketing
System
Log Book
NON- I.T
THEORIES Ticket Number
Figure 2.1 Theoretical Framework
The information and record for Car Parking Ticketing System at EDSA
corner Reliance Street, Brgy, Mandaluyong, Metro Manilahas an intention to
have a comprehensive system that provide great convenient for both HR
Management, guest and tenants. However, the database management system
essential part of a hotel-oriented systems. The purpose of having a database is
to be able to handle the information in record form of the system. The database
system designed is approach carefully.

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It may discover how they organized the function once the database is
completed. The user may see the user interface and other parts of the system.
RAD Model helps the team to accomplish the goal on what be the output of the
desktop application system for Car Parking Ticketing System.
2.1.1 I.T Theories
 MySQL Server
According to the article of SQL-to-NoSQL Schema
Demoralization and Migration authored by Chao Hsien Lee
2017Content management systems (CMSs) are able to let people,
who have no technical skill to manage systems, rapidly create, edit,
organize and publish online contents. For example, CMSs are often
used to establish e-commerce online shops, community portals,
personal blogs, or organization systems. Thus, CMSs play the role
of collecting data and then can be easily extended to become
intelligent internet systems. Most popular CMSs, e.g., Word Press
and Joomla, rely on relational databases or SQL databases, e.g.,
MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc. However, due to the explosive growth of
huge data, the well-structured characteristic of SQL databases may
limit the scalability to handle horizontal scaling. Therefore,
regarding the flexibility and the feasibility of parallel processing,
cloud computing takes Not Only SQL (NoSQL) databases into

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consideration. How to migrate the original CMS software from SQL
databases to NoSQL databases becomes one emerging and critical
research issue. This paper is motivated to propose an autonomous
SQL-to-NoSQL schema DE normalization and migration. Is a
system that contains the informative information of the client the
tool includes both script editors and graphical tools which work with
objects and features of the server. A central feature of SSMS is the
Object Explorer, which allows the user to browse, select, and act
upon any of the objects within the server. [Chao 2017]
.NetFramework 4.0
According to the article of titled an experimental study of
software IT learning using .Net Framework authored by Niketa
Gandhi 2015. Net Framework is a software development
framework from Microsoft. It provides a controlled programming
environment where software can be developed, installed and
executed on windows-based operating system. Security
programs developed in .NET are based on a common security
model.

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2.1.2 Non-IT Theories
 Book Record
To record each guests and tenant’s that incoming in the car
parking area.
 Ticket Number
To give each guests and tenants that before entering in the
car parking area.

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2.2 Conceptual Framework
Input Process – Model (RAD) Output
Knowledge
Requirements
Knowledge about:
 Planning CAR PARKING
Avida Towers Centera TICKETING
Parking Lot SYSTEM
 Designing
Software Requirements
 Windows 7 Higher  Develop
 Xampp
 Cutover
 Network
Framework
Hardware
Parking Area
Requirements
 Laptop/PC (Intel
Core duo 4GB
RAM, 4GB, disk
space) and up
 Thermal printer
 Thermal paper
Figure 2.2 Paradigm of the Study

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Figure 2.2 shows about an analytical tool with several variations
and contexts that may applied in different categories of work. It is used to
make conceptual frameworks distinctions and organizes ideas. It helps the
proponents in conducting a research concerning to a proposed system. In
the diagram above, it describes the following inputs which are essential for
the proponents to create a good system which Avida Towers Centera’s
Car Parking Ticketing System. The knowledge of information about Car
Parking Ticketing System, knowledge of programming, and perception of
the respondents are the factors or inputs needed which will give the
proponents ideas to improve it.
Planning is the first process wherein, proponents will conduct a
survey and interview often in a Designing will be the next process by
which the proponents will gather information needed for the system
designing. These are defining the components, module, interfaces, and
data for a system to fulfill specified requirements that will be used to the
project.
The proponents are collaborating all their knowledge and applied it
in the project to develop a reliable and valuable system. After passing this
process proponents will proceed to the last part which is cutover where
the proponents’ shows user’s manual and party’s agreement that allows
the user to verify the integrity and authenticity of the system.

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As an output, it will be the legit system for Avida Towers Centera
that uses to maintain and to secure the whole parking area.
2.3 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
2.3.1 Local Studies
2.3.1.1 Robotic Parking System Garage Manager
Figure 2.3 Robotic Parking System
The country’s first and only parking service of its kind.
Robotic Parking System is the only parking facility in the country
that’s designed with air travelers in mind. It’s a 200-car parking
garage where you can leave your car for days, weeks, or even
months without you having to worry about the condition of your car
when you get back.

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The Robotic Parking System software offers an intuitive,
user-friendly graphical user interface with real time display of entire
automated car park. The user interface and extensive diagnostic
tools and alerts make it easy for operators and technicians to keep
things running smoothly. [MICH2015]
To compare this study, the Car Parking Ticketing System is
a Parking area having 50 slots while the Robotic Parking System
having 200 car parking garages so if 200 parking garages are
properly managed then it is easier to maintain the 50 parking slots.
 Admin and guard can manage the 200 cars in the parking
garages
 Organization of parking record adding of client in parking area.
 Organization of saved parking space
 Data entry for the guest information
 Parking Area is high technology that rotates like a Ferris Wheel
2.3.1.2 Automated Number Plate License (ANPR)
System

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Figure 2.4 Automated Parking Garage Payment
System
The Automated Parking Garage Payment System shows the
information about payment and can also called auto pay station or
pay and display machine, it is a set up on the way to parking lot exit
or other proper location. Car park inside a building is become
popular because it is user friendly, especially in the place where
parking lots are high demand. [DAVI2016]
In the relation of this study to our system it maintains the
payment and of the guests depends on how long in our guest inside
the parking area and the time in of the guest and tenants inside the
parking area.
 Organization of entry and exit the parking area.

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 Payment process automatically increases to the client’s duration.
 Organization of Parking payment
 Parking date and time
 Minimum payment for parking space
2.3.1.3 Automated multi-storey automated Car Parking
System
Figure 2.5 Automated Car Parking System
The Automated Car Parking System is a domestic parking lot of
operation and system specialized company and offering every parking
lot related service such as parking lot development, related facility
manufacturing, operating, and consulting. The first parkin0067 system
rental service starts at more than 250 rental offices are administered
currently. 160 fields are operating. Guarantee of stable rental income

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by parking lot lease, environmental improved and systematization
establishing the parking environment through the optimum system for
the field. [ANDR2016]
To compare this study, the system is having a category if the
person is an employee or a guest which can monitor the available
parking slot between the guest and employees and it look likes in our
system that can monitor the guest and the tenants with different total of
parking slots.
 Organization of available parking space
 Organization of Employee who is on duty
 Parking Date and release
 Data entry for the truck and car has an integration record in the
different parking area.

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2.3.1.4 Car Park Management System
Figure 2.6 Car Park Garage Information System
This study aims to develop a prototype for a car park garage
information system that will increase the quality of service of parking
lots through the integration of a car park ticket that assist of car owner
in finding vacant park lot. The research was based on implementing an
operating system and a monitoring system for parking system without
the use of manpower. [JASO2016]
In the relation of this study. The system of Car Park Garage
Information System can monitor the parking area and security for the
warning of the same plate number.

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 Manage employee account under by admin
 SMS Notification
 Organization of Date and time
 Security of same plate number
 Payment process automatically increases to the guest duration
2.3.1.5 Car Park Management System
Figure 2.6 Automatic Vertical Rotary Mode Parking
System
The Automatic Vertical Rotary Mode Parking System is when
the driver drives the car to the empty loading plate, lock the car and
then press the operation button. Another empty parking berth would
automatically move down to the entrance for the next vehicle. When

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retrieving the vehicle, simply press the parking berth number or swipe
the parking card. The system will automatically choose the shortest
way to move the vehicle down to the entrance then the driver can drive
the vehicle out. [ANGE2015]
To compare this study, The Automatic Vertical Rotary Mode
Parking System can also detect the available parking space which can
monitor the total of available parking garage.
 Generate the ticket for parking space
 Retrieving for payment
 SMS Notification
 Payment process automatically increases to the guest duration
2.3.2 Local Literature
2.3.2.1 Car Parking Changes
According to book of “Car Parking Changes” by Ryan Magno
(May 9,2016), In Philippines, there is a big problem in parking
because of the highly increasing number of vehicles which has a
big impact in the commuters, this lead the creation of Real-Time
Viewing for parking area that help the parking congestion especially
in mall parking and other establishment. The car parking uses

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proximity sensors for the prototype to detect the vehicles. The
driver can use mobile phone to access the web application and
reserve the slot for parking while the system administrator assists
the transaction. This parking can lessen the struggling on finding
parking availability and tool for transportation trends.
2.3.2.2 Park & Ride
However, According to book of “Park & Ride” by Chino J.
Jeddison (Oct 19,2016). The Park & Ride developed in this study
aims to reduce the waiting time at check-in, check-out and parking
processes of the present car park system. The system also aims to
enhance the reliability in data generating and handling the Park &
Ride comprises three major blocks, the hardware, the software and
the interfaces. The hardware includes the sensor in detecting the
presence of the cars in both the entry and exit points. The sensor is
also installed inside the parking area, the sensors aims the drivers
in looking for an available slot in the developed Park & Ride. Other
parts of the hardware block the system includes the printer and
printing car parking tickets, the camera that is used to capture the
image of the car plates and the LED display for displaying the
necessary information such as converted data and the number of
slots available.

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2.3.2.3 How to Secure Car Parking
Meanwhile, According to book of “How to secure Car
Parking” by Alex Rivera (August 15, 2015). The management of a
lot area to produce real-time and good profit by using secured
parking facility at each entry and exit point of the parking area.
Revenue parking generates profit by charging corresponding
amount to every vehicle owner uses the parking facility or area. The
parking composes of both hardware and software equipment. It is a
complete for managing pay to park facilities, for both occasional
and registered parkers. The system can be configured with one or
more, either in manual or automatic, cash registers on multi-level
facilities with signage showing occupancy counts. It is becoming
more and more popular as solutions to traffic issues within large
and small urban centres alike.

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2.3.2.4 Chief of Firearms and Explosives Office;
Ferdinand P. Oroza, President/CEO of Park Solutions
Inc.
According to Book of “Chief of Firearms and Explosives
Office; Ferdinand P. Oroza, President/CEO of Park Solutions Inc.”
by Valeriano De Leon (May 23 2019). SM Intelligent Car Park, the
first automated parking system in Philippines, was officially unveiled
on Thursday via a ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by (from left)
Steven Tan, SM Supermalls’ COO; PC SUPT. Valeriano De Leon,
Chief of Firearms and Explosives Office; Ferdinand P. Oroza,
President/CEO of Park Solutions Inc.; Hans T. Sy, Director of SM
Prime Holdings; Fernando Khalil Oroza, Vice President of Park
Solutions and Kenji Kawakami, Director/ Manager of Hokoku
Parking System, Japan. SM Intelligent Car Park, the first automated
parking system in Philippines, was officially unveiled on Thursday
at the SM Mega Mall Building A by Park Solutions Inc., which
expects to revolutionize the parking industry in many ways.

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2.3.2.5 Car Parking Industry
However, According to book of “Car Parking Industry” by
Lorenzo Magpili (January 21, 2016). The Automated Car Parking
System is a domestic parking lot of operation and system
specialized company and offering every parking lot related service
such as parking lot development, related facility manufacturing,
operating, and consulting. The first parkin0067 system rental
service starts at more than 250 rental offices are administered
currently. 160 fields are operating. Guarantee of stable rental
income by parking lot lease, environmental improved and
systematization establishing the parking environment through the
optimum system for the field.

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2.3.4 Foreign Studies
2.3.4.1 Car Parking Ticket Selling System
Figure 2.7 Car Parking Ticketing Selling System
This developed system shows the Car Parking Ticketing Selling
System with the incorporation of advanced technologies and
researches from various academic disciplines. With its deployment in
the car parking ticketing selling system, it is hoped that it would solve

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the aforementioned problems faced by the patrons within the car park
ticket. [ZACK2017]
In the relation of this study is also a system that can maintain
the parking area using a ticket same in Car Parking Ticketing System
that can monitor the parking area using a ticket but in a different way.
Like the car parking selling management system is recording a daily
record while the Car Parking Ticketing System can automatically
record the time and date of login.
 Payment process automatically increases to the client’s
duration.
 Organization of Parking payment
 Organization of Parking using a ticket
 Organization of Specific Date and Time
 Can visit the View Bookings
2.3.4.2 GSM Based Car Parking System

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Figure 2.8 GSM Based Car Parking with SMS
Notification
This developed system shows the Car Parking with SMS
Notification are provides information which aim the decision-making
process in reaching their destination location and aids them in
locating a vacant parking space using sms notification within the car
park facility. [MARK2017]

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 Can Organize the parking available parking space by using SMS
Notification
 Can monitor the entry and exit
 Organization the parking area
 Can view the whole parking area
 Can reserve the parking slot
2.3.4.3 RFID Smart Parking Management Solution

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Figure 2.9 TAGPARK RFID Parking Management System
This study, the adoption of passive Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) tag-to-tag communication paradigm within the
context of a smart parking management system is evangelised, in
terms of achieving improved energy-efficiency and operational
effectiveness to demonstrate that the joint routing and RFID
readers’ transmission power minimization problem is studied,
considering tag-to-tag communication. [CLIN2015]
 Can automatically identify if the guest is a authorize person or not
 RFID Reader installed at the Entrance/Exit of gated premises for
the visitor's car image that captured through the surveillance
camera
 Organize the car information using RFID tag on the windshield of
the car.

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 Organize of the entry/exit of parking area
 Data entry for the authorize person’s information
2.3.4.4 RFID Android Parking System
Figure 2.10 RFID Car Parking
System Android Based
This developed system shows the RFID Parking System using
Android, which will make pay and park system very efficient and easy.
The usage of the application is divided into three parts, Admin,
Operator and user. By the use of application, the admin can keep track
of daily happening and transactions of his pay and park service. The
operator and user can use the app to keep track of parking duration
and the amount to be charged and paid, respectively. As this is a RFID
based system it will track the entry and exit of a vehicle also keeping

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the track of parking time. It uses digital wallet payments, making it easy
to pay and receive payment for parking slot. [JAMA2015]
 Organization of Payment
 Can secure transaction using account
 Can monitor the entry and exit
 Organization of Operator who is on duty
2.3.4.5 Parking Management System

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Figure 2.11 Web Based Car Parking Ticketing System
This project Parking Management System is developed with
PHP, MYSQLI, BOOTSRAP, and AJAX JQUERY as a web
application. This System offers hourly parking management,
parking ticketing system, parking lot management. [JACK2016]

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 Organization of hourly parking
 Organization of parking slot using ticket
 Category of vehicle
 Organization of Payment
 Can reserve a parking slot
2.3.2 Foreign Literature
2.3.2.1 Importance of Car Parking
According to book of “Importance of Car Parking” by Khyati
Gupta (November 12, 2017). Car parking system refers to a
mechanical system devised to park a large number of cars in
minimum space available. The Car Parking transports cars from
one parking space to another, mechanically, without requiring a
driver. An MPS structure basically stacks cars vertically in levels to
eliminate the need for large land spaces.

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2.3.2.2 Importance of France at the Garage Rue de
Ponthieu Parking Garage
However According to book of “France at the Garage Rue de
Ponthieu Parking Garage” by Brandon Garcia 2014, Car Parking
Garage was first introduced in Paris, France at the Garage Rue de
Ponthieu. The necessity for manual parking system works on the
basis of one’s need for a space to park and the undersupply. It was
structured like a Ferris wheel that could adjust eight cars in the
space of two cars., the structure became popular as it was easy to
operate and occupied lesser space. It could also be incorporated
into a building. Concurrently, A Car Parking Garage with the ability
to park more than a thousand cars.
2.3.2.3 Monitor the Parking Area
According to book of “Monitor the Parking Area” by John
Smith in Washington D.C (January 21,2015). The Parking
Monitoring shows the first ever driverless parking garage in 1951 in
which got closed shortly. Parking Monitoring captured in the U.S.
Some of the systems employed during that time.

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Meanwhile, these systems were faced by frequently
occurring mechanical problems and people had to wait for eternity
to get their cars back U.K. got its own Auto Stacker in DC which
was also hard to operate. The U.S. regained its interest in Parking
Monitoring in the 90’s and got its first car parking monitoring, in
2015 in Hoboken, New Jersey. The interest of the U.S. weakened
in MPS in the 90s, while there were installations of more technically
advanced MPS in Europe, Asia, and Central America. During that
time, Japan built around 40,000 parking bays using paternoster
Parking Monitoring According to recent data, the U.S. holds nearly
6,000 parking spaces and 25 major Parking Monitoring
simultaneously.
2.3.2.4 “Smart Parking for Cities”
According to book of “Smart Parking for Cities” by Aisha
Rashid Masoud (March 5, 2019). The concepts of smart cities and
technology have become popular these days because of the
Internet of Things. The presence of smart cities has become a
verifiable matter which needs to be studied in detail. The problems
of smart cities include crowding due to so many vehicles and the
difficulty of getting parking easily, which leads to getting late for
work. This paper discusses the smart parking based on technology,

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which consists of the distance measuring devices (sensors)
connected to the connectivity device having Wi-Fi. Also, it is a
component of a cloud services and a mobile phone application that
shows the person the information to find an empty parking. This
system can be applied in all college and universities. It can be used
in all organization that faced a congestion problem and difficulty in
finding car parking that also effected the time and late for work.
2.3.2.5 Vehicle Parking Industry
However, According to book of “Vehicle Parking Industry” by
Corneille Ndayisaba (February 10, 2018). The Online Vehicle
Parking Reservation System (OVPRS) is a system that enables
customers/drivers to reserve a parking space. It also allows the
customers/drivers to view the parking status at kyebando people’s
park. It was developed because the congestion and collision of the
vehicle, the system was developed for Kyebando People’s Park
located in Kyebando Therefore the project aimed at solving such
problems by designing a web-based system that will enable the
customers/drivers to make a reservation of available parking space
at people’s park.

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The requirements for the developed system were collected
using observation and interviewing the customer and staff member
from Kyebando people’s park. The data from interviews was
analyzed using Microsoft Excel so as to come up with the
functional, non- functional and system requirements. These
requirements were later used to design the system by creating data
flow diagrams and entity relationship diagrams. The designed
system was implemented using different development tools which
include HTML for creating interfaces, CSS for styling wed
pages ,JavaScript, and Jquery for dynamism in the web pages and
as an input validation tool.XAMMP was used to build the database
and PHP used as a server side scripting language to connect the
user interfaces to the database. The system was tested by the
researchers for errors.
Synthesis
The advantage of Car Parking Ticketing System is finding a space or a
vacant for parking much easier since the parking area is already systematized. A
Car Parking Ticketing System is a system that multiplies parking capacity inside
a parking lot and it will save time and fuel cost. Over the decades, the country
has developed drastically, transportation has become the backbone of the day to

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day life and the backbone of the economy, so the system way of parking of
transportation or ve0068`icles has become a matter of considerations.

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Final CPTS Chapter 2

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PWU-CDCEC CALAMBA

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Related Literature and Studies

conducted on existing car parking systems. This chapter is basically to identify

system being proposed.

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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2.1 Theoretical Framework

Figure 2.1 Theoretical Framework

corner Reliance Street, Brgy, Mandaluyong, Metro Manilahas an intention to

have a comprehensive system that provide great convenient for both HR

Management, guest and tenants. However, the database management system

essential part of a hotel-oriented systems. The purpose of having a database is

system designed is approach carefully.

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desktop application system for Car Parking Ticketing System.

2.1.1 I.T Theories

According to the article of SQL-to-NoSQL Schema

Demoralization and Migration authored by Chao Hsien Lee

2017Content management systems (CMSs) are able to let people,

who have no technical skill to manage systems, rapidly create, edit,

used to establish e-commerce online shops, community portals,

personal blogs, or organization systems. Thus, CMSs play the role

of collecting data and then can be easily extended to become

intelligent internet systems. Most popular CMSs, e.g., Word Press

and Joomla, rely on relational databases or SQL databases, e.g.,

MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc. However, due to the explosive growth of

huge data, the well-structured characteristic of SQL databases may

limit the scalability to handle horizontal scaling. Therefore,

regarding the flexibility and the feasibility of parallel processing,

cloud computing takes Not Only SQL (NoSQL) databases into

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consideration. How to migrate the original CMS software from SQL

databases to NoSQL databases becomes one emerging and critical

research issue. This paper is motivated to propose an autonomous

SQL-to-NoSQL schema DE normalization and migration. Is a

system that contains the informative information of the client the

objects and features of the server. A central feature of SSMS is the

upon any of the objects within the server. [Chao 2017]

According to the article of titled an experimental study of

software IT learning using .Net Framework authored by Niketa

Gandhi 2015. Net Framework is a software development

framework from Microsoft. It provides a controlled programming

environment where software can be developed, installed and

executed on windows-based operating system. Security

programs developed in .NET are based on a common security

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2.1.2 Non-IT Theories

To record each guests and tenant’s that incoming in the car

To give each guests and tenants that before entering in the

car parking area.

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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2.2 Conceptual Framework

Input Process – Model (RAD) Output

 Windows 7 Higher  Develop

Figure 2.2 Paradigm of the Study

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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY