Name: DE GUZMAN ,Ace Christian A.

Date Performed: 01/22/2023

Course: BS MATHEMATICS 2

EXPERIMENT NO. 2
PASCAL PRINCIPLE

Objective:

 To demonstrate understanding of Pascal’s Law

 To use a Cartesian diver based on understanding of density, buoyancy and pressure

Materials:

 1-liter bottle with cap filled with water

 bowl of water
 Cartesian diver (using plastic Straw and rubber band)

Theory:

Pascal’s Law states that when you apply pressure to confined fluids (contained in a flexible yet
leak-proof enclosure so that it can’t flow out), the fluids will then transmit that same pressure in all
directions within the container, at the same rate.

The simplest instance of this is stepping on a balloon; the balloon bulges out on all sides under the foot
and not just on one side. This is precisely what Pascal’s Law is all about – the air which is the fluid in this
case, was confined by the balloon, and you applied pressure with your foot causing it to get displaced
uniformly.

Pascal’s Principle and Hydraulics

Hydraulic systems use an incompressible fluid, such as oil or water, to transmit the force applied within
the fluid from one location to another. Most aircrafts use hydraulics in the braking systems as well as
landing gear.

Pneumatic systems use compressible fluids such as air for their operation. Some aircrafts also utilize
pneumatic systems for their brakes, landing gear as well as the movement of wing flaps.

Procedure:

Make the Cartesian diver

1. First you need a plastic straw (sipping straw) then cut a 2 inch long.
2. Then bend and fix the two end using rubber bands.

Note: Be sure that the sipping straw is tightly fix that air and water cannot enter inside the sipping straw.
Experiment Procedure

1. Fill the bottle with water.

2. Using the bowl of water, adjust the amount of water and air inside the Cartesian diver so that it
barely floats.
3. Place the Cartesian diver inside the bottle, making sure the bottle is filled to the top with water.
4. Screw the cap on the bottle so it is closed securely.
5. Squeeze the bottle and observe what happens to the Cartesian diver.

Lab Set:

This is a labeled sketch of your experiment

• Sketch large enough that your drawing can be easily understood

• Use enough detail for your drawing to be understood

• Label the important parts of your drawing

Observation

(At this part what did you observe about this experiment)

Questions

1. What happens when the bottle is squeezed?

-when you squeeze the bottle, you are forcing water up into the bendy straw which
compresses the air that is trapped inside. This results in enough of an increase in density that the
Cartesian diver will sink to the bottom.
2. What happens when the bottle is released?
-releasing the bottle decreases the pressure on the Cartesian diver. The water that was forced
into the bendy straw comes out which releases some of the pressure on the trapped air. This
means that the density goes down, and the Cartesian diver rises back up to the top of the bottle.
3. What variables affect an object’s ability to float?
-the density of an object determines whether it will float or sink in another substance. An
object will float if it is less dense than the liquid it is placed in. An object will sink if it is more
dense than the liquid it is placed in.
4. Use the variables you listed in question 3 to explain what is happening inside the bottle.
5. How do Pascal’s law apply to the Cartesian diver?
-that pressure is transmitted to all parts of the container. This increases the pressure inside the
small glass vial. The increased pressure decreases the volume of air at the top of the vial, and in
so doing, decreases the amount of water displaced by the vial.

Documentation