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Books in the series of books on how to learn technology by picture

Learn how to repair the electric motor according to the picture

Edited by He Yingjun

Liu Yuxin trial

People Post Press

Beijing
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content summary

This book introduces single-phase asynchronous motors and three-phase asynchronous motors with relatively high maintenance value in the form of a large number of physical photos and concise text.

And the detailed process of the basic principle, structure, component inspection and winding maintenance of the series excitation motor, the content is easy to understand, easy to learn and use.

This book is suitable for self-study by those who want to engage in electric motor maintenance, college students, some practitioners, and electric motor users. It can also be used as a

Teaching materials for training courses.

According to the map to learn technology

series books to learn to repair electric motors

• Chief editor He Yingjun reviewed

Liu Yuxin and responsible

editor

Zhang Peng

• Published by People's Posts and Telecommunications Press , No. 14, Xizhaosi Street,

Chongwen District, Beijing, Zip Code 100061, e-mail 315@ptpress.com.cn URL http://

www.ptpress.com.cn Printed by Beijing Changping Baishan Printing Factory

• Format: 787×1092 1/16 Printed

sheets: 10.512.75 Words: 256

1,000-character prints: 1 – 4 January 2011 1st Edition

000 volumes Beijing 1st Printing January 2011

ISBN 978-7-115-23920-4

Price: RMB 30.00 (with CD)

Reader service hotline: (010)67129264 Printing quality hotline: (010)67129223 Anti-piracy hotline:

(010)67171154 Advertising business license: Jingchong Gongshang Guangzi

No. 0021
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foreword

Now, electric motors have been widely used in many fields such as industrial and agricultural production. The society needs a large number of motor maintenance personnel,

and users also urgently need to master the basic knowledge and skills of motor maintenance and repair. However, in the absence of a master to teach it, it is difficult to actually learn a

technique. Often, it is difficult to think over and over again to find the truth, and I dare not practice it myself. It is generally more difficult for a master to teach one by one. Sometimes a

suitable master cannot be found, and sometimes the master does not have so much time. This book is written to solve this problem, and the purpose is to achieve the effect of the

master's hands-on teaching.

The characteristics of this book are as follows.

(1) This book contains the basic principles, structures, parts and components of single-phase asynchronous motors, three-phase asynchronous motors and series

The detailed process of parts inspection and winding repair etc.

(2) The writing style of this book is to use the method of "finding out the clues" to teach readers to repair the motor, and to show the repairing process intuitively.

The methods and skills of the motor are designed to make readers not only "understand", but also "know". The book contains a large number of physical photos, real pictures of

actual operations and some schematic diagrams. Each picture is accompanied by concise and clear text explanations. Generally, pictures and text are on the same page. The overall

level is clear and the operation steps are clear. It strives to make readers easy to read. You know it, you know it as soon as you learn it.

This book explains the theoretical knowledge necessary for the maintenance of electric motors by combining vivid pictures and texts, so that readers can easily

Easy to understand and not prone to reading fatigue.

(3) The CD-ROM of this book contains videos of the rewinding process (main part) of single-phase asynchronous motors and three-phase asynchronous motors,

About 60 minutes, with language and text descriptions, vivid, easy to understand, no requirements for readers' education level. (4) Target readers of this book: those who

want to engage in motor maintenance, college students, and some already employed. This book is edited by He Yingjun from Hubei Changyang Vocational

Education Center, Tan Shousheng from Changyang Vocational Education Center, and Cai Hongzhen from Changyang No. 2 Middle School.

As the deputy editor, Liu Yuxin from Changyang Vocational Education Center reviewed all manuscripts.

Due to the limited level of the editor, it is inevitable that there will be omissions and mistakes in the book. Readers are urged to criticize and make corrections. Contact

hyj8370315@126.com.

editor
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Table of contents

The first article according to the "base" article

Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of single-phase asynchronous motors and component testing................................... ....................................... 2

Section 1 Introduction to the basic principle of single-phase asynchronous motor................................... ................................... 2 Section 2 Classification

of single-phase asynchronous motors... ................................................... .................................... 4 Section 3 Speed regulation of single-phase

asynchronous motor ................................................... .................................... 6 Section 4 Single-phase asynchronous motor Forward and

reverse ................................................ ..................................... 8 Section 5 Decomposition of single-phase asynchronous motor, understanding and

inspection of each component .............................................. .............. 9

Chapter 2 Basic knowledge and component detection of three-phase asynchronous motors................................... .................................... twenty one

Section 1 Introduction to the basic principles of three-phase asynchronous motors................................... ..................................... 21 Section 2 Nameplates

of three-phase asynchronous motors..... ................................................... ................................... 22 Section 3 Classification and selection of three-phase

asynchronous motors... ................................................... .................................... 23 Section 4 Connection of three-phase asynchronous

motor............ ................................................... ..................... 26 Section 5 Disassemble the three-phase asynchronous motor, recognize and detect each

component........... ................................................ 26 Section 6 Identification of the same name terminal of three-phase asynchronous

motor................................... ................................... 31

Chapter 3 Basic Knowledge of Series Excited Motors and Parts Inspection................................... ................................................ 33

Section 1 Get to know common electric tools using series-wound motors................................... ..................... 33 Section 2 Introduction to the Basic

Principles of Series Wound Motors........... ................................................... .................. 34 Section 3 Disassemble the series-excited motor, recognize

and inspect the components........................... ................................................ 36

The second article according to the "Technology" article

Chapter 4 Recognition and use of tools and materials commonly used in the maintenance of asynchronous motors................................... ................................ 40

Section 1 Know the common tools for repairing asynchronous motors................................... ..................................... 40 Section 2 Know the common

materials for repairing asynchronous motors..... ................................................... ..................... 47 Section 3 Mastering the Use of Special

Tools ...................... ................................................... ................ 51 Section 4 Mastering the method of calculating the size of the winding

die........................... ................................................... .......... 55

Chapter 5 Key skills of single-phase asynchronous motor rewinding...................................... ................................................. 57

Section 1 The basic concepts involved in drawing the winding embedded line diagram................................... ................................................. 57

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Section 2 Common types of single-phase capacitive asynchronous motor windings................................... .................................... 59 Section 3 Learn

to draw the embedded wire diagram of the single-phase asynchronous motor winding........... ................................................... ...... 62 Section 4

Prepare the single-phase asynchronous motor before rewinding...................... ................................... 64 Section 5 Winding each pole phase group of

the main winding... ................................................... .................................... 70 Section 6 Ruling (also known as bottom

line) . ................................................... ................................................ 73 Page 7 Post work on knot

rewinding................................................... ................................................... . 76 Section 8 Mastering the winding distribution and embedding methods

of commonly used single-phase asynchronous motors........................... .......... 81

Chapter 6 The key skills of single-layer winding rewinding of three-phase asynchronous motor................................... ................................ 86

Section 1 Classification of winding forms of three-phase asynchronous motors................................... ................................... 86 Section 2 Learn to

draw the embedding of single-layer winding of three-phase asynchronous motor line graph................................................ ..... 87 Section 3 Prepare

for the rewinding of the three-phase asynchronous motor........................... ................................... 91 Section 4 Rewinding Three-phase Single Layer

Chain Winding................................................ ................................................ 93 Section 5 Rewind Three-phase asynchronous motor single-layer

cross-chain winding................................... ................................... 99 Section 6 Rewinding Three-phase Single-layer Concentric

Winding ........... ................................................... ................... 102 Section 7 Mastering the distribution and embedding methods of common three-

phase asynchronous motor windings........................... ................................... 108

Chapter 7 Key skills for rewinding double-layer windings of three-phase asynchronous motors................................... ................................................ 115

Section 1 The distribution law of the double-layer winding of the three-phase asynchronous motor (the drawing method of the embedded line

diagram) ................................... ..... 115 Section 2 Single and Double Layer

Winding................................... ................................................... ................................................ 117 SECTION 3 SUBSTITUTION OF

CONDUCTORS................................................ ................................................... ..................................... 118 Section 4 Rewinding of double-layer

windings........... ................................................... ................................................ 119 Section 5 Understand the distribution diagram (insertion diagram) of c

Chapter 8 Key skills of winding rewinding of series-excited motor................................... ................................................ 128

Section 1 Rewinding of Stator Windings of Series Excited Motors................................... ..................................... 128 Section 2 Rewinding of rotor

windings of series-excited motors. ................................................... ................................... 129

Chapter Three

Chapter 9 Troubleshooting ideas for single-phase asynchronous motors................................... ................................................... 136

Section 1 Troubleshooting ideas for electrical faults of single-phase asynchronous motors................................... ..................................... 136 Section

2 Maintenance ideas for mechanical faults of single-phase asynchronous motors........... ................................................... ... 139 Section 3

Comprehensive Troubleshooting Ideas................................... ................................................... .... 140 Section 4 Overhaul of Household Refrigeration

Compressor Motors................................... ................................................ 141

Chapter 10 Troubleshooting ideas for three-phase asynchronous motors................................... ................................................ 144

Section 1 The basic method of judging the fault of three-phase asynchronous motor................................... ................................... 144

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Section 2 Troubleshooting ideas for common faults of three-phase asynchronous motors................................... ................................... 145

Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Ideas for Series Excited Motors................................... ................................................ 149

Section 1 Troubleshooting ideas for common faults of series-excited motors................................... ................................... 149 Section 2

Quick Lookup Table for Common Faults of Series Excited Motors............ ................................................... .......... 151

Appendix 1 Introduction to Brushless DC Motors and Brushed DC Motors................................... ................................... 152

Appendix 2 Brief Introduction to Frequency Control of Electric Motors..................................................... ................................................... .......... 154

Appendix III Commonly Used Enamelled Round Copper Wire Data................................... ................................................... .......... 157

Appendix IV Three-phase asynchronous motor technical parameters................................... ................................................... 159

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The first article according to the "base" article

Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of single-phase asynchronous motors and

component testing

Chapter 2 Basic knowledge of three-phase asynchronous motors and

component testing

Chapter 3 Basic Knowledge of Series Excited Motors and Component

Inspection
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Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of single-phase asynchronous motors and component testing

Although the single-phase asynchronous motor has a narrow power range (generally less than 2.2kW), it does not require a three-phase power supply, so it is widely

used. Single-phase asynchronous motors can be divided into three types: shaded pole type, resistance phase split type and capacitor phase split type. Among them, the shaded

pole type is mainly used in micro fans, the resistance phase split type is mainly used in compressors of refrigerators, and the capacitor phase split type Widely used in small

machinery (such as small water pumps, pulverizers, dry and wet mills, vibrators, etc.), household appliances (such as electric fans, air conditioner fans, air conditioner

compressors, etc.) and other places that lack three-phase electricity. This book only discusses the resistor split-phase and capacitor split-phase motors with relatively high

maintenance value. To learn how to repair this type of motor, you should start with the dismantling of the whole machine, component recognition and general troubleshooting.

Section 1 Introduction to the basic principles of single-phase asynchronous motors

1. Basic structure of single-phase asynchronous motor 1.

Stator The stator refers to the non-operating part of the motor,

which consists of the stator core, the stator winding (wound by wires embedded in the stator core slot), the frame (used to fix the iron core), the end cover (the end cover

is installed on the Both ends of the frame are used to protect the iron core and winding. In small and medium-sized motors, the end cover also supports the rotor together with

the bearing) and other components. 2. Rotor The rotor refers to the running part of the motor, which is composed of rotor core, rotor winding and bearings. Rotor windings can

be divided into cage rotors (closed rotor windings composed of several thicker conductor bars and conductor rings) and wound rotors (rotor windings made of enameled

wire windings). 3. Air gap The air gap is the gap between the stator and the rotor, which has a great influence on the performance of the motor. Air gap of small and

medium asynchronous motors

Generally between 0.2 ~ 2.0mm. 2. Classical

experiments to illustrate the basic principles of asynchronous motors 1.

Experimental phenomenon A cage-type rotor (composed of several metal

copper bars, short-circuited with metal copper rings at both ends of the copper bars, similar in shape to a cage) is placed between the two poles of a hoof-shaped

magnet, as shown in Figure 1-1 . When the shoe magnet rotates, it will be found that the cage rotor follows the

Figure 1-1 The rotating magnetic field generated by the rotation of a pair of magnetic poles drags the cage rotor to rotate

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Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of single-phase asynchronous motor and component inspection

It rotates in the same direction. 2.

Explanation of Experimental

Phenomenon According to the law of electromagnetic induction, when there is relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field, that is, when the conductor

moves to cut the magnetic field line in the magnetic field, an induced electromotive force will be generated in the conductor. If the conductor forms a closed circuit, there will be an

induced current produce. When the shoe-shaped magnet rotates, the generated rotating magnetic field moves relative to the copper bars on the cage-type rotor, so an induced

current is generated in the rotor. The rotating magnetic field exerts a force on the copper strips on the rotor, causing the rotor to rotate. 3. Basic principles and related concepts of

asynchronous motors 1. The basic principle of asynchronous motors After the stator winding is energized, a rotating magnetic field will be generated in the air gap and the

space where the rotor is located. This rotating magnetic field acts on the rotor winding (equivalent to the rotor winding cutting the magnetic induction line), so that there is

an induced current in the rotor winding. The rotating magnetic field will exert a force on the current in the rotor winding (this force is called Ampere's force in physics),

causing the rotor to rotate. The direction of rotation of the rotor is the same as the direction of the rotating magnetic field.

The rotation speed of the rotor must be lower than the rotation speed of the rotating magnetic field to produce the phenomenon of continuous cutting of the magnetic induction lines. Only

then can there be continuous induced current in the rotor, and the rotating magnetic field can generate a continuous force on the energized rotor to make the rotor rotate. Because the speed of the

rotor of this type of motor is less than the speed of the rotating magnetic field (the speed is not synchronous), it is called an asynchronous motor.

2. Several basic concepts of asynchronous motors (1) The

number of poles of the motor After the stator winding is

energized, a rotating magnetic field will be generated in the space where the air gap and the rotor are located.

Motive poles. For example, if the number of magnetic poles is 2, the motor is a 2-pole motor. (2) Synchronous speed The

speed of the rotating magnetic field generated after the stator winding is energized is called the synchronous

speed. The size of the synchronous speed (n) is determined by the frequency (f) of the power supply and the logarithm of the magnetic pole (p). Its relationship is

n=60f/ p ÿ1.1ÿ

The frequency of alternating current in our country is 50Hz, so the synchronous speed of the rotating magnetic field of a 2-pole motor is 3 000r/min, and that of a 4-pole motor

The synchronous speed of the engine is 1500r/min. (3) Slip

The difference between the synchronous speed (n) of

the rotating magnetic field and the speed (n1) of the rotor is called slip, and the ratio of slip to synchronous speed is called slip (s). Its relationship is

s=(nÿn1)/ n ÿ1.2ÿ

Fourth, the basic principle of single-phase asynchronous motor The

stator winding of a single-phase asynchronous motor consists of a main winding and an auxiliary winding. The main winding is also called the running winding. Generally, the enameled wire

is thicker and the resistance value is small; the auxiliary winding is also called the starting winding. Generally, the enameled wire is thinner and the resistance value is larger (generally these

characteristics can be used as the basis for distinguishing the main and auxiliary windings. Note : There are also cases where the primary and secondary windings have the same wire diameters and

equal resistance values, such as washing machine motors). The physical picture and schematic diagram of the winding are shown in Figure 1-2. The distribution of the main and auxiliary windings on

the circumference differs by 90°. A capacitor and other start-up components are connected in series on the auxiliary winding, and then connected in parallel with the main winding, and then

connected to a single-phase power supply to generate rotation in the air gap and the space where the rotor is located. The magnetic field drives the rotor to run continuously.

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Figure 1-2 Windings of a single-phase motor (main and auxiliary windings each have two lead wires)

Section 2 Classification of single-phase asynchronous motors

1. Capacitor split-phase motor There are

three types of capacitor split-phase motors. (1)

Capacitor-running motor See Table 1-1 for the physical

diagram, wiring diagram, characteristics and applications of the capacitor-running motor.

Table 1-1 The physical map, wiring diagram, characteristics and application wiring diagram of the

Object (example) and exploded view capacitor running motor Features and Applications

During start-up and operation,

capacitors and primary and secondary

windings are connected to the circuit. The

power factor, efficiency, and overload

capacity are stronger than other single-

phase motors, but the starting torque is

only 35% to 60% of the rated torque.

Because of its small starting torque,

but superior operating performance, it is

widely used in household appliances with

small starting torque, such as washing

machines, electric fans, water pumps, etc.

The three lead wires are: main/auxiliary winding common lead wire,

main winding lead wire, auxiliary winding lead wire

(2) Capacitor-started motor See Table

1-2 for the physical diagram, wiring diagram, characteristics and applications of the capacitor-started motor.

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Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of single-phase asynchronous motor and component inspection

Table 1-2 Physical diagram, wiring diagram, characteristics and application of capacitor start motor

Actual (example) diagram wiring diagram Features and Applications

When the motor is first energized, the centrifugal switch is closed, current

flows through the main and auxiliary windings and the starting capacitor, and

the motor rotates. Due to the large capacity of the starting capacitor (generally

150-250ÿF), the current flowing through the secondary winding is relatively

large, and the starting torque is also large. When the rotational speed reaches

75%~80% of the rated rotational speed, the centrifugal switch is disconnected

under the action of centrifugal force, and the auxiliary winding is in an open

circuit state and does not participate in the operation (otherwise, the auxiliary

winding is easy to burn). The starting torque of this motor is large, and its

operating performance is slightly inferior to that of the capacitor-operated

motor. It is often used in occasions with a large starting load, such as air

compressors, mills, etc.

(3) Capacitor start-running motor See Table 1-3 for

the physical map, wiring diagram, characteristics and applications of the capacitor start-running motor.

Table 1-3 Physical diagram, wiring diagram, characteristics and application of capacitor start-up motor

Actual (example) diagram wiring diagram Features and Applications

When the power is just turned on, the centrifugal

switch is closed, current flows through C1, C2 and the

main and auxiliary windings, and the rotor rotates. When

the speed reaches 75% to 80% of the rated value, the

switch is turned off, and C2 is not connected to the circuit.

At this time, the motor is the same as the capacitor-

operated motor.

This type of motor has large starting torque and good

performance. It combines the advantages of capacitor

starting and capacitor running motors. It is often used in

occasions with large starting loads.

2. Resistance split-phase motor The physical

diagram, wiring diagram, characteristics and application of the resistance split-phase motor are shown in Table 1-4.

Table 1-4 Physical diagram, wiring diagram, characteristics and application of resistance split-phase motor

Actual (example) diagram wiring diagram Features and Applications

The starting process is the same as that of the capacitor-started

motor, and the starting torque is 1 to 1.5 times the rated torque.

The motor is suitable for medium starting torque and

Occasions with small overload capacity and infrequent startup,

such as blowers, medical equipment, small refrigerator compressors,

etc.

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Section 3 Speed regulation of single-phase asynchronous motor

1. Pole-changing speed

regulation 1. The principle of pole-

changing speed regulation Since the speed of an asynchronous motor is inversely proportional to the number of magnetic pole pairs, the speed of the

motor can be changed by changing the connection mode of the winding elements in the stator core to produce different numbers of magnetic pole pairs. 2. Example

of pole-changing speed regulation ÿ For capacitor-started motors, only the main winding participates in the work after starting. Therefore, to have several

speeds, several sets of main windings with different numbers of poles are designed, and only one set of auxiliary windings is required. Since this will

increase the space occupied by the wire in the slot, it is only suitable for motors with 2 to 3 speeds, not for motors with more speeds. ÿ For capacitor-operated motors,

two sets of windings with different numbers of poles can be designed for the main and auxiliary windings to produce two different speeds. For example, for a pulsator

washing machine with a washing speed of 400-500r/min and a dehydration speed of 800-1 000r/min, the circuit shown in Figure 1-3 can be used.

Figure 1-3 Schematic diagram of two-speed capacitor-operated motor speed change

2. Tap speed regulation

Tap speed regulation does not require any additional equipment. It is the simplest and most economical method among various speed regulation methods

for capacitor split-phase motors. The tap speed regulation is essentially to change the speed by connecting different taps and changing the voltage on the winding.

Tap speed regulation is widely used in occasions where the starting torque is not large, such as electric fans, air conditioner fans, etc. The types are shown in Table 1-5.

Table Tap speed regulation of single-phase asynchronous motor

1-5 Name icon illustrate

Several taps are provided on the main winding.

When the selection switch S is switched from gear 1 to

Main winding tap gear 2 and gear 3, the number of turns of the main

speed regulation winding increases and the number of turns of the

auxiliary winding decreases, corresponding to high-

speed, medium-speed and low-speed gears

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Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of single-phase asynchronous motor and component inspection

Continuation

name icon illustrate

Several taps are provided on the secondary

Secondary winding tap winding. When the selector switch S is respectively

speed regulation placed in 1st, 2nd and 3rd gears, it corresponds

to high-speed, medium-speed and low-speed gears

One end of the capacitor is connected in the middle

of the main winding, and the speed control tap is drawn

Double tap
from the auxiliary winding. The advantages are: good speed
speed regulation
regulation performance, large starting torque

3. Change the speed regulation of single-phase asynchronous motor terminal

voltage Change the speed regulation of single-phase asynchronous motor terminal voltage through external equipment to reduce the power supply voltage and add it to the motor winding

And the realization (the voltage on the winding is reduced, the speed is also reduced), its type is detailed in Table 1-6.

Table 1-6 Changing the type of speed regulation of single-phase asynchronous motor terminal voltage

name icon illustrate

The 220V AC charges the capacitor C2

through the potentiometer RP . When the voltage

on C2 rises to the blocking voltage of VD, VD is

turned on, and then VS is turned on. Because VS

works in an AC circuit, VD sends a positive pulse

and a negative pulse to the control pole of the

Using bidirectional bidirectional thyristor symmetrically in the positive

thyristor voltage and negative half cycles, so that the thyristors are

regulation and speed regulation turned on once in the positive and negative half cycles.

Changing the resistance value of RP can

change the charging time of C2 , thereby changing

the turn-on time of VD, which also changes the

conduction degree of VS, so that the voltage at both

ends of VS changes, thereby realizing the voltage

regulation of the motor

ÿ When the speed control switch is turned to

different speed gears (fast, medium and slow gears),

the power supply voltage is divided by the reactor

Using reactor step-
winding and the voltage applied to the motor winding
down speed regulation
is different, so that different speeds are obtained.

ÿ This method is simple to connect, and is often used in

relatively simple household appliances (such as electric fans, etc.)

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Continuation

name icon illustrate

Compared with the picture (a), the secondary winding of the

picture (b) has a reverse winding (or forward winding) winding in

Using reactor step-
series, which is used to adjust the magnitude and phase of the current
down speed regulation
of the main and secondary windings in the middle and slow gears,

and improve the performance of the motor

ÿ Speed regulation principle: When the

selection switch S is placed on different taps of

the secondary winding of the autotransformer, the

motor can get different voltages and thus run at

different speeds.

ÿ Disadvantage: Since the starting torque is

proportional to the square of the applied voltage, the

starting torque is also reduced when stepping down

Adopt the speed, which is suitable for light-load or no-load

autotransformer to starting occasions

change voltage and adjust speed

When the selector switch is placed in high, medium and

low gears respectively, the voltage of the main winding

decreases while the voltage of the auxiliary winding rises, and

the starting torque can be increased while the speed is adjusted

Section 4 Forward and reverse rotation of single-phase asynchronous motor

The forward and reverse of single-phase asynchronous motors are mainly used in capacitor split-phase motors. There are two main ways to control forward and reverse. (1)

Swap the head (head) and tail of the main winding or auxiliary winding to change the direction of rotation. Swap the two terminals of the main winding or auxiliary winding to change its

direction of rotation, as shown in Figure 1-4.

Figure 1-4 Swap the head and tail ends of the main winding or auxiliary winding to change the direction of rotation

(2) Exchange the use of the main and auxiliary windings to change the direction of

rotation. Use an external transfer switch to exchange the use of the main and auxiliary windings. It can also change the direction of rotation of the motor. It is often used in laundry

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Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of single-phase asynchronous motor and component inspection

Forward and reverse rotation of the electric motor, see Table 1-7 for the types.

Table 1-7 Types that change the direction of rotation using primary and secondary windings interchangeably

name icon illustrate

ÿ The number of turns and wire diameter of winding

A and winding B are exactly the same.

Forward and reverse
ÿ When the selection switch is set to gear 1,
control circuit of single-
winding A is the main winding and winding B is the
phase capacitor running
auxiliary winding; when the selector switch is set to gear
motor
2, winding B is the main winding and winding A is the

auxiliary winding, and the running direction changes

Similar to the forward

ÿ The principle of forward and reverse is the same as above.

and reverse control circuit of

a three-phase motor doing

ÿ better performance
single-phase operation

Section 5 Disassemble the single-phase asynchronous motor, recognize and detect each component

There is not much difference in the structure of single-phase asynchronous motors. The following is an example of a relatively complex capacitor start-up motor (two-

value capacitor). 1. Know the nameplate of single-phase asynchronous motor (1) Example of nameplate (as shown in Figure 1-5)

Figure 1-5 Nameplate of single-phase asynchronous motor

(2) Explanation of the nameplate (see Table 1-8)

Table 1-8 Explanation of nameplate of single-phase asynchronous motor

Name Explanation Speed Rated speed. 1 400r/min, is the rated power of a 4-pole motor. The motor is

allowed to output mechanical powerused

voltage from by
thethe
shaft under
motor the rated
to work operating
normally state.
(that is, workRated
in thevoltage The
rated state)

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Continuation

name explain

The current frequency of the input motor when the rated current motor is working normally

The frequency of the AC power input to the motor. There are two standards of 50Hz and 60Hz in the world, and the AC frequency in my country is 50Hz

temperature rise The temperature allowed to rise when the motor generates heat during operation, that is, the difference between the temperature of the motor winding and the ambient temperature

The heat resistance class of the insulating material used in the motor. The allowable limit temperature of Class E insulation is 120°C, and that of Class B insulation is 130°C.
Insulation class
Class F insulation is 155°C

There are two small copper pieces on the forward and reverse terminal. Changing the wiring position of the small copper pieces can make the motor realize forward rotation (forward rotation) or reverse rotation (reverse rotation).

2. Decomposition, component recognition and detection of capacitor start-up motors 1. Familiar with the binding

posts The main/auxiliary windings of the single-phase asynchronous motor, the lead wires of the centrifugal

switch, the phase-splitting components, and the power supply lines are all connected to the binding posts

superior. Removal of the terminal is shown in Figure 1-6.

Step ÿ Remove the 2 screws fixing the terminal cover Step ÿ Take off the cover to expose the terminal

Step ÿ Correspond the wiring on the physical terminals with the wiring in the schematic diagram one by one

ÿ There are also 6 terminals on the reverse side, and each terminal on the front is connected to a corresponding terminal on the reverse (the resistance between them is 0).

ÿ The specific wiring can be handled flexibly under the premise of following the schematic diagram (that is, which terminal the wire is connected to can be flexibly changed).

Figure 1-6 Removal of terminal

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Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of single-phase asynchronous motor and component inspection

Step ÿ Learn how to achieve forward and reverse by changing the wiring

Note: To achieve forward and reverse, only need to change the direction of 2 small copper pieces on the terminal, without changing other wiring.

Figure 1-6 Removal of terminal (continued)

2. Capacitor disassembly and detection

The capacitor is a phase-splitting component of a single-phase asynchronous motor. If it is damaged, the motor will not start; if the power-on time exceeds

After a certain degree (usually a few minutes), the winding will be burned. The removal and detection of capacitors are shown in Figure 1-7.

Step ÿ Remove the 2 fastening screws of the 2 lead wire terminals of the Step ÿ Remove the fixing screws of the running capacitor installation box (one on

running capacitor, and remove the lead wires the left and one on the right)

Step ÿ Take out the running capacitor Step ÿ Get to know the actual running capacitor

Figure 1-7 Disassembly and inspection of capacitors

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Step ÿ Turn the pointer multimeter to the electric barrier Step ÿ Preparation before testing the capacitor: discharge the capacitor

Explanation: Whether or not a capacitor stores charge, it must be discharged.

Step ÿ Use the two test leads of the multimeter to touch the two poles of the capacitor

Step ÿ Observe the deflection of the pointer to determine whether the capacitor is good or bad

Analysis of test results: After the pointer gradually swings to the right to a certain angle, it gradually returns to the original position (ÿ position). When measuring by exchanging the test leads, if the pointer deflection angle is larger

and returns to the original position, the capacitor is good; if the resistance value is 0, it means that the capacitor has been broken down and short-circuited; if the resistance value is ÿ, it means that the capacitor has been broken.

Note: The disassembly and detection methods of the starting capacitor are the same as those of the running

capacitor. Figure 1-7 Disassembly and inspection of capacitors (continued)

3. Dismantling and inspection of terminal post

After the capacitor is disassembled, the terminal post can be disassembled and inspected. The method is shown in Figure 1-8.

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Machine Translated by Google

Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of single-phase asynchronous motor and component inspection

Step ÿ Use a "ten" screwdriver to remove the 2 screws that fix the terminal Step ÿ Remove the terminal from the casing, and observe whether the front and back

terminals are ablated, oxidized, dirty, and the connector is loose.

Note: If it is oxidized or dirty, it needs to be cleaned; if the connector is loose, it can be reconnected; if it is ablated, it should be replaced.

Figure 1-8 Dismantling and inspection of terminal

4. Removing and testing the cooling fan blades

Figure 1-9 shows the removal and testing of the cooling fan blades.

Step ÿ Remove the 3 fixing screws of the fan blade shield Step ÿ Remove the shield to expose the fan blade

Step ÿ Remove the cooling fan blade

Note: If there is a circlip, it should be removed first, and then use a larger "one" screwdriver or other similar tools to alternately pry the fan blade along the diameter direction

to make it fall off.

Figure 1-9 Removal and inspection of cooling fan blades

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Machine Translated by Google

1 Follow the map to learn how to repair the motor

Step ÿ Check (visually) whether the fan blades are broken, loose, or melted

Note: If the blades are broken, loose, or melted, they should be replaced in time to avoid poor heat dissipation of the motor.

Figure 1-9 Removal and inspection of cooling fan blades (continued)

5. Removal of the end cover and rotor

The disassembly of the end cover and rotor is shown in Figure 1-10.

Step ÿ Remove the bolts fixing the rear cover (usually 3 pieces) Step ÿ Remove the bolts fixing the front cover (usually 3 pieces)

Note: Use a dead wrench (fork wrench) or a ring wrench, not an adjustable wrench or wire cutters, so as not to damage the edges and corners of the bolts.

Step ÿ Gently tap the front and rear end covers to loosen the front and rear end covers from the casing

Note: Change the place and knock in turn, do not use too much force to avoid damage to the end cap.

Figure 1-10 Removal of end cover and rotor

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