Name : Mahardhika Andiansyah

SRN : 0201622014
Subject Matter: Language Instruction in National Setting
Assignment The Summary of Meeting I (Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Constructivism)

The term behaviourism is derived from the English word "behavior". Behaviourism is a scientific
theory that deals with human behaviour. Behaviourists are primarily interested in describing
human behaviour. Behaviourism believes that everyone is born as a clean slate(tabula rasa). By
using rewards and punishments as a basis for reconciliation, people slowly learn to behave
appropriately.
For example, if we perceive specific actions of desirable individuals, we offer them an
appropriate reward as positive conditioning. If we see some individual's actions as undesirable,
we punish them as a negative condition. The result of this conditioning done repeatedly is the
development of behaviour in individuals.

While cognitivism affirms that an individual's learning occurs as they process the information
and stimuli they receive. Instead of just responding to stimuli and responding through
conditioning, learners reflect and analyse their responses.
Cognitivists argue that a person moves from layer to layer of the cognitive domain to learn
deeper. Each domain personalizes the individual learning experience.
In the classroom, self-reflection and memorizing activities also help to develop students' learning
potential. Asking students to present a concept, recite and memorize poetry, give practice in
problem solving, and interactive discussions are all ways to reinforce cognitive learning.

Constructivism is based on the idea that individuals create their understandings and
interpretations of lesson based on past experience and knowledge. This theory also claims that all
knowledge and learning exists only in the mind.
Constructivism treats learning as an active and social process. The students bring their own
unique experiences and perspective to the classroom, shaping their understanding of
concepts taught to them.
The students utilize their own understanding and experience for gaining unique insights on
the subject. Allowing students to drive learning via discussions, debates, and the sharing of
knowledge between peers, are some ways constructivism makes its way inside modern
classrooms.