5.

RIZAL STILE:

Dr. lose Rizal is a unique example of a many-splendored genius

who became the greatest hero of a nation.
• Endowed by GOD with versatile gifts, he truly ranked with the
world's geniuses.
• He was a physician (Ophth8lmic surgE'on), poem, dramatist
essayisq novelist, historian, architect, painter, sculptor, educator,
linguist, farmer, economist, businessman, philosopher, engineer,
magician
CONTINUATION....

• Above and beyond all a these he was a hero

political martyr who consecrated his ‹fe for zha
redemption of his oppressed people. No wonder, lie's
now acclaimed as ihe Nanonal h
BIRTH OFA HERO

Born on the moonlit night on Wednesday, June 19, 186 I in

the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna between eleven (II) and
midnight and his mother almost died during the delivery
• Baptized Catholic on June 22, aged Three (3) days old by the
Parish Priest Fr. Rufino Collantes, a Batangueno. (Rizzl baptismal
RIZAL'S PARENTS:

those P. Rizal was seventh of the eleven children of Francisco

Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonzo Realonda.
• The hero's father Francisco (I 8 18 - 1898) was born in Binan.
Laguna on May I I, I8 18.
• Dona Teodora (I 826 — 19 I I ), the hero's mother was born in
Manila on November 8, 1826 and was educated at the College of
CONTINUATION...

• God blessed the marriage of Francisco Nercado Rizal and Teodora Alonzo
Realonda with eleven (I I) children: Two (2) boys and Nine (9) girls.
They are as follows:
Saturnina (1850 — I9l 3) 7. Jose (I 86 I — 1896)
8. Concepcion ( 1862 — 1865)
RIZALiS PARENTS
 QUERRIES? (QUITE NUL1BER OF DETRACTORS ASKED THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS).

•Why Rizal is our National Hero? Had it not been for

the Americans, Rizal would not be our National heros
•Why Rizal!... “He was not the leader of the Revolution"
writes another. “ In fact, he repudiated revolutions —
(did he renounced revolution?)
JUSTIFICATIONS:

• Based on manifesto dated December 15, 1896, it is most unfair

not only to Rizal but also to his comrades who knew Rizal
deeper and better.
As early as June 19, 1887 at the age of 26, Nine (9) long years
before the manifesto of 1896, Rizal confided to his faithful
friend Ferdinand Blumentrit:I — “I can assure you that I have
no desire to take part in Conspiracies which seem to me
premature and risky in the extreme. “But i/ the Government
drives us to it, that is to soy, when there remain to us other I ope
than to seek our ruin in nor, when the filipinos ....
jUSTIFICATION5...

oFili|:nnos shall §re§er to die, rather ltian to endure their

miseries any longer, then / too sha// advocate violent
means”.
•Another justification: RIZAL's reaction on learning
about Lopez taena's decision to go to Cuba. In a letter
to Mariano Ponce, where he openly expressed his own
efe e ce to etur to Ph I ne
JUSTIFICATION: (CONTINUATION...)

<“He should go to the Pf›i/ippines”, wrote Rizal, referring to

Lopez ]aena — “ and let himself be killed in support of his
ideas, one dies only once and if one does not die well, a
good opportunity is lost which will not come again...—
- “// one must die, let one die oz least in his country, and
in the nom° •f his country.”
CONTINUATION...

Rizal, as may be gleaned from his writings, savored violence, But

Only when such became an ABSO1UTE NECESSITY. RIZAL
said that:
• We must win our freedom by deserving it
• By improving the mind
• Enhancing the dignity of the individual
CONTINUATION ...

?When people reach those heights, “GOD provides

the weapon, the Idols and the tyrants fall like
house o( cords, and freedom shines in the first

oThere can be no doubt that RIZAL was acknowledge

3. RIZAL'STIME: A)THEWORLD

?Historical background of the World and of the

Philippines during his times:
oFebruary 19, I 86l — four (4) months before Rizal's
birth in Calamba, the Liberal Czar Alexander II (I 85S —
188 I) issued proclamation to appease the rising
discontent of the Russian masses, emancipating
22,500,000 serfs.
THE WORLD DURING RIZAL'STI 'IE:(CONTINUATION...)

oWhen Rizal was born on June 19, 186 I , the American

( 186 I — 1865) was raging furiously in the U.S. over the issue of
Negro Slavery. This titanic conflict which erupted April 12, 1861
compelled President Lincoln to issue his famous emanci
roclamation on September 22, 1862 freeing the Negro slaves.
o]une I, 186 I just 18 days before Rizal's birth, Benito ]uarez, a full
CONTINUATION...

oln Rizal's time two (2) European Nations (Italians and

Germans) succeeded in underlying their own countries.
oThe times of Rizal saw the flowering of Western
Imperialism.
oEngland emerged as the world leading imperialist power.
" tish people during the glorious reign of Queen
RIZAL'S TIME: B)THE PHILIPPINES.

During the times of Rizal, the sinister shadow of Spain's

decadence darkened Philippine Skies. The Filipino people
organized beneath the yoke of Spanish misrule, for they were
unfortunate victims of the evils unjust. bigoted. and
deteriorating colonial power. Among these evi/s werea • f•**°•*:
Instability of Colonial
government underwent frequent changes - it brought fre
eriodic shifcs in colonial
RIZAL'S TUE: B)Tfi4E PPllLtPPlNES.

2. Corrupt Officialdom — unlike their predecessors of the 16

, I 7^ , and 18th centuries. They were corrupt, cruel, incompetent
or venal.
3. No Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes (Spanish
Parliament) but later representation was granted also (I 8 10 —
18 13).
4. Human Rights denied to Filipinos — (freedom of speech, of
the press. association and other Human rights except Religicn).
CONTINUATION....

5. No equality before the Law — they arrogantly

regarded the browned-skinned Filipino as an inferior
begin, not their Christian brothers to be protected
but rather as their a e s sub ect t be e oited.
oTo their imperialist way of thinking, brown Filipinos and
White Spaniards may be equal before GOD, but not
before the Law and certainly not in practice. Heavy penalties
for Filipinos (Penal Code).
CONTINUATION...

6, L'1aIadministration of justice — Corrupt, notoriously they were

Court of Injustice.
7. Racial Discrimination — they treat us unfairly because of our
race. color. descent or ethnic origin.
8. Frailocracy — so named because it was a "Government of
Friars”. The friars (Augustinian, Dominicans and Franciscans)
controlled the religious and educational life of the Philippines.
The Friars were so influential & powerful that they practically
ruled the Country.
RIZALSTII°IE:THE PHILIPPINES.

9. Forced labor (a.I‹.a. Polo) — compulsory labor imposed by

Spanish colonial authorities or adult Filipino males in the
construccion of Churches, schools, Hospitals, etcetera,..
10. Hacienda own by Friars.
I I . The Guardia Civil — the last hated symbol of Spanish
tyranny was the Guardia Civil (Constabulary) which was
created by &oyaI Decree, February 12, 1852. It was
atterned after the famous Guardia Civil in Spain. .•. ..
 UNIT II RIZAL'S CHILDHOOD

•TOPICS

2. Family and Ancestry

UNIT II — RIZAL'S CHILDHOOD (CONTINUATION. )

•TOPICS
5. Sa Aking mga Kabata:
6. Boyhood Influences; and
7. Education in Calamba and Binan
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

TAt the end of the lesson, the Students should be able

tO:
I . Ascertain the significance of family and a home to
Rizal's early achievements, and
2. Determine the influence in Rizal's young life that
shaped his aspirations and value.
I. BIRTH OFA HERO

?]ose Rizal was born on /une 19, 186/, in the lakeshore

town of Calamba, Laguna.
• Baptized as Catholic on June 22, aged three (3) days old by
the parish priest fr. fttzfno Cotlonzes a Batangueno.
•His Godfather was Fr Pedro Cosmos. friend of Rizal
 2. FAMILY AND ANCESTRY:

eThe Rizal's Ancestry: Rizal was a product of a mixture of races.

In his vein flowed the blood of both East and West — Negrito,
Indonesia, Malay, Chinese,japanese, and Spanish.
• Predominantly, he was a Mafoyon and was a moeni cent
’Asian manhood.
• The real Surname of Rizal family was Mercado which was
adopted in 173 I by Domingo 1amco; (The paternal great-
great-grandfather of Jose Rizal) Chinese immigrant from Fukien cit:/
of Changchow. who arrive
3.DISTINGUISH FAMILY INTHEIR HOI*IETOWN CALAMBA.

• f\izal family acquired a second surname — Rizal given by

Spanish Alcalde mayor (provincial governor) of Laguna.
wA good middle-class family — Rizal family belonged to
the noble class (principofio/principo/sj a town aristocracy
in Spanish Philippines.
•One of the distinguished families in Calamba, Rizal
Family's had a simple, contented, and happy life. ., . ,- ..
EARLY CHILDHOOD MEMORIES:

!) The first memory of Rizal in his infancy was his happy days in
the family garden when he was three (3) years old. He was
frail, sicMy. A kind old-woman hired as Aya (nurse maid). His
father built a Nipa cottage in the garden for lose to play in
the dajrtime.
2) Another childhood memory was the — daily Angelus prayer.
3) Also remembered the happy Moonlit Nights of @zotea after
the night Rosary.
4) The nocturnal walk in the town especially, when there's
4. BOYHOOD INFLUENCES

TThe influences of the Hero's Boyhood are as follows:

I . Hereditary influences
2. Environmental influence
3. Aid of divine providence
BOYHOOD INFLUENCES:

I . Hereditary influences — according to biological

science, there are inherent qualities that a person inherits
from his ancestors and parents.
• From I'ñalayan Ancestors — lose inherited his love for
freedom. His intimate desire to travel and his formidable
courage.
• From Chinese Ancestors — derive his serious nature,
frugality, patience, and love for children
HEREDITART INFLUENCE \CONTINUATION...)

•From Spanish Ancestors — got his elegance of

bearing, sensitivity to insult and gallantry to ladies.
• Rizal inherited from his Father — A profound sense of
self-respect, love for work, and the habit of
independent thinking.
•From his mother — his religious nature, spirit of self-
sacrifice, and passion for arts and literature.
BOYHOOD INFLUENCE:

2. Environmental influence — according to psychologists,

environment, as well as hereditary, affects the nature
persons. It includes places, association, events.
• Liked Rizal, he was affected by his family and environmental
influence and taught him to be a good son and develop his
ENVIRONS IENTAL INFLUENCE THE UNCLES WHO EXERTED GOOD
INFLUENCE OF RIZAL):

The Uncles who were brothers of his mother also had much
influence on the early childhood of Rizal.They are as follows:
I ) The youngest uncle named Jose Alberto. took care of teaching
regular lessons to Rizal (inspired Rizal to develop his artistic

2) His huge uncle f•tanuel developed his physique until he had a

CONTINUATION...

3) The last uncle, Gregorio (book lover)- a scholar,

instilled into the mind of the boy love
education.
•instilled in the mind of Rizal that it was not easy to
obtain something until you put effort into it.
WHO IS FATHER LEONCIO LOPEZ IN RIZAL'S LIFE'

Father 1eoncio Lopez a parish priest in Calamba

fostered Rizal's love for scholarship and
intellectual honesty.
•The sorrow of his family such as the death of Concha in
I86S and the imprisonment of his mother in 1872-74
contributed to strengthen the character of Jose,
enabling him to resist blows adversity in later ypars.
S.THE STORY OF THE MOTH

Q - What did Rizal learn from the Story of the !"1oth?

• Above all, it was from his mother he learned about
Obedience. Through the Story of the f'1oth that got burned
by the flame because he disobe ed his mother. Noth warning
not to get too near the flamed.
Q - WHAT DOES THE PARABLE OF THE MOTH SYFIBOLIZES!

TOne of the Major symbols in the poem is the flame for

which the moth is willing to die. It implies that there
ore things thot certain people ore so inclined to do,
even init may cost them their lives.
THE STORY OF THE MOTH
THEME OF THE POEM

wThe Story of The Fabled I*Ioth taught him lose)

accidentally the meaning of light.
o“See that if you do not behave like the young Moth,
you may get burnt as it did. So don't be disobedient.
oCloth talks. It knows how to warn. They advised just
liked my mother. It is the reason why the moths circled
the flame.
CONTINUATION...

o The tragic death of the young moth — “dieda martyr

for its illusions” — lek a deep impression on Rizal's
mind.
oRizal justified such noble death — asserting that ”to
sacrifice one's life to it, meaning for an ideal is
worthwhile and like the young moth, He lated to
die asa martyr fora noble cause.
CONTINUATION. . ..

oAt a young age, Rizal gained inspiration from the

parable (of the moth) that it's not impossible to
conquer insurmountable odds and bea mam
in reality but never in illusion. This what Rizal did as
6. SA AKING MGA KABATA

<“To f•1y Fellow Children”. This poem reveals Rizal's

earliest nationalistic sentiments (Age eight (8) at that
time).
oHis first poem (Sa Aking Mga l¢abata) was originally written
in Tagalog in 1869.
oThis nationalistic poem is a timely reminder to our
Countrymen to love our Native Languages — thus.. .
TO MY FELLOW CHILDREN (CONTINUATION...)

o Thus people who love their native language will

honestly “Strive for liberty like the birds which
soar to free space above, and that Tagalog is the
equal of Latin, English, Spanish, and any other
 7. EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA AND BINAN

Typical Schooling that a son of an Ilustrado family received during

his time are characterized by 4R’s —(reading, writing, arithmetic,
and religion)
a Instruction was rigid and strict. Knowledge was compelled into
the mind of the pupils employing/utilizing a tedious memory
method aided by the teacher's whip.
o It is said Rizal was born a physical weakling rose to become an
intellectual giant.
PHOTO OF RIZA,ț’S SCHOOL IN BINAN
EARLY EDUCATION IN CALA/‘\BA AND BINAN (CONTINUATION...)

Qt teacher — her mother.

o2nd Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua and later

an old man named Leon /’1onroy, former classmate of
Rizal's father — became the boy's tutor. This old
man teacher lived at the Rizal's home and instructed
Jose in Spanish and Latin.
 EDUCATION IN CALAFIBA AND BINAN.

none Sunday afternoon in June 1869. Jose, after kissing the hands
of his parents and a tearful parting from his sister, lek Calamba
for Binan. He was accompanied by Patiano, who acted as his
second

• The next day (!'flonday), Paciano brought his younger brother to

the school of Maestro /ustiniono Aquino Cruz.
FIRST SCHOOL BRAWL

The first school brawl in the akernoon of his first day

when the teacher had his siesta, lose met with the Bully
Pedro. He was angry with this bully for making fun of him
during his conversation with the teacher in the morning,
•jose challenged Pedro to a fight. The latter readily
accepted, thinking that he could easily beat the Calamba
boy who was smaller and younger.
FIRST SCHOOL BRAWL

•Jose, having learned the art of wrestling from his

athletic uncle, Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger boy, thus
became popular.
•Another classmate, Andres Salandanan challenged him
to an arm wrestling match, Jose having a weaker arm,
Lost.......other fights in succeeding days.
CONTINUATION...

•Rizal was not quarrelsome by nature but he never ran

away from fight.
•Painting lesson in Binan — with his classmate Guevarra
•Best Student in School. In academic studies,Jose beat all
Binan boys. He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and
other subjects.
CONTINUATION...

•Some of his older classmates were jealous of his

intellectual superiority.
•They wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever he
had fight outside the school and even told lies to
discredit him before the teacher's eyes. Consequently,
the teacher had to punish Jose Rizal. MML k/.8..W!#WWWu 6 Wmm#
 INjUSTICESTO HERO'S MOTHER

Before ]une of 1872, Donya Teodora was suddenly arrested

on a malicious charge that she and her brother jose
Alberto tried to poison the latter's perfidious wife. He
tried to divorce but to avert scandal, Dona Teodora
persuaded him to forgive his wife (they live again). But the
evil wife with the connivance of the Spanish lieutenant of
the Guardia Civil filed a case in court accusing her husband
and Dona Teodora of attempting to poison her.
INJUSTICES; (CONTINUATION ..)

• Aker the arrest, the sadistic lieutenant forced her to walk

from Calamba to Santa Cruz (50 I‹ms) and incarcerated at
Provincial Prison where he languished for two (3) years and
a half until the Manila Royal Audiencia (Supreme Court)
acquitted her of the alleged crime.
• Dona Teodora was defended by Francisco de Marcaide and
Manuel f'1arzan, most famous lawyers of Manila. .. . , .. ,
 A. ATENEO DE ?EANILA

Ateneo ?•1unicipal - a college under the supervision of the

Spanish jesuits.
• This college was the bitter rival of the Dominican owned College
of San Juan De Letran.
• It was formerly the Escuela Pia (Charity School), a school for
f'1aniIa which was established by the City
OLD PICTURE OF ATENEO
ATENEO MUNICIPAL

•At first Father f•1agin Fernando, College Registrar,

refused to admit Rizal for two (2) reasons:
I . He was late for registration
2. He was sickly undersized for his age (eleven then) but
because of entreaties of Dr. Manuel Xerez Burgos, a
licentiate medicine and nephew of ill lated Fr. Burgos,
Jose Rizal was admitted.
I.jESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION:

Jesuit System of Education in Ateneo was more advanced than that of

the other College in that period.
• It trained the character of the students by rtgtd dtsclpltne and
profoundly religious instruction.
• Promotes physical culture. humanities, and scientific studies
• Aside from academic courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of
Arts:
It also offered vocational Courses in Agriculture. Commerce,
Mechanics, and Surveying.
CONTINUATION....

e Students are divided/classified into two (2) groups; namely:

I . Roman Empire (Red banner) — consisting of internoes (borders)
2. Carthaginian Empire/Greek empire (Blue banner) - composed
of externoes (non-borders). Each of these empire had it ranks.
oIts Aim/purpose is to motivate/stimulate student
CONTINUATION...

4Each of thèse Empire has its ranks:

I) Emperor — best student in each empire
2) The Tribune —2ndbest
3) Decurion — 3 best
4) Centurion — 4 best
S) Sændard Bearer — S'h best
RIZAL ISTYEAR IN ATENEO (1872 — 1873)

Riza!'s I ^ year Professor was Fr. Jose Bech, being a newcomer and
having knows little Spanish, he was placed at the bottom of the
class.
• He was an externo, thus assigned to the Carthaginian/Greek.
• After I °t week, the frail Calamba boy progressed rapidly. At the
end of the month, he became Emperor.
• He was the brightest pupil of the whole class and was awarded
the prize ( I prize he ever won at the Ateneo).
ATENEO (CONTINUATION.. )

•In the 2nd half of his first year Jose did not try hard
enough to retain academic supremacy as the previous
semester (because he resented to some remarks of his
professor).
•Yet he placed second though at the end of the year and
all his grades still mark“Exce/lent".
2NDYEAR IN ATENEO (1873 —74)

Rizal repented having neglected his studies the

previous year
•Three of new classmates were boys from Binan, who
had been his classmates in the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
•Rizal received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold
medal at the end of the school year.
CONTINUATION ...

Prophecy of ?'ñother’s release — in the course of

Rizal & his mother's conversation, Dona Teodora told
her son of her dream the previous night. Rizal
interpreting the dream, told her that she would be
released from prison in three month's time. Rizal's
prophecy 6ecome true.
 THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO
BY:ALEXANDER DUMAS
?The first favorite Novel of Rizal. During the summer
vacation in 1874, Rizal's interest in reading began to ignite,
particularly in romantic novel. He was stirred by the
sufferings of Edmund Dontes (the hero) in prison, his
spectacular escape from dungeon chateau and, his finding a

the dramatic revenge of his enemies who wronged him.

 TRAVELS IN THE PHILIPPINES
BY: DR. FEODOR jAGOR
Rizal later read also “Travels in the Phili ines” by: Feodor Jagor,
a German scientist traveler who visited the Philippines
• @ — What impressed Rizal to read the book?
I . Jagor keen observations of the defects (imperfections)
Spanish Colonization.
H is prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and
3RDYEA& IN ATENEO (1874 — 1875)

Her mother arrived, told him that she was already

released from prison. Rizal did not make excellent
showing in his studies.
•He won one medal in Latin but failed to win medal in
Spanish.
•He himself was not impressed by his scholastic work.
4THYEARIN ATENEO (1875 — 1876)

ñFr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez a great educator

and scholar. He inspired Rizal to study harder and write
poetry.
• They became friends but with the highest affection and
respect. Rizal considered him as his best professor
in Ateneo.
4TH YEAR IN ATENEO (CONTINUATION. .)

•Rizal wrote Fr. Sanchez showing his affection and gratitude.

•He described his jesuit professor as “Hodel
Uprightness, Earnestness and Love
advancement of pupils/students.
PHOTO OF FR. FRANCISCO PAULA DE SANCHEZ
i+:cLizc to ccinini£ C iL'ni vYoa +eXzsa to+ Ij
LASTTEAR IN ATENEO (1876 — 1877)

*Graduate o/ Highest on March 23, 1877.

Rizal, 16 years old, received from his Alma Mater, Ateneo
Municipal, the Degree of Bachelor of Arts.
• He finish schooling in Ateneo in a Blaze of glory because
he obtained the highest grade in all subjects —
Philosophy, Biology, Physics, Language, mineralogy, etcetera.
•jose Rizal was the most brilliant Atenean of his time.
He was trul the Pride of jesuits”. . . ... .. .
EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

?Became an emperor inside the classroom (Campus leader)

• Active member and later secretary of religious society
•f’•1ember of f’4arian congregation because of devotion to
our lady of Immaculate Concepcion
•Member of che Academy of Spanish Literature and Natural
Science. (Exclusive Sociecies in Ateneo)
EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES CONTINUATION...

• Fr. Francisco Sanchez —encouraged Rizal to cultivate his

literary sI‹iIIs by writing essays and poetry.
• Painting lesson — Agustin Saenz
• Improved his Sculpture talents — Romualdo de Jesus
• Gymnastics and Fencing — Tio Manuel .. ..
 2. POEMS &ARTISTICWORKS WRITTEN INATENEO:

I . t"1i Primera Inspiracion (My first Inspiration) — was

the first poem Jose Rizal had written during his
stint in Ateneo. He wrote the poem in 1874, before
he turned l4. This poem was dedicated or written in
honor of his mother on her birthday. In this poem, he
expresses his filial affection in sonorous verses.
POEMSWRITTEN IN ATENEO

2. Rizal's poem on Education — “Education gives

luster to motherland”(Por La educacion Recibe
Lustre La Patria — ”Sa Edukasyon Magtatamo ng
Liwanag ang Bansa*) written in 1876.
•Rizal had a very high regard for education. He believed
in the significant role which education plays in the
progress and welfare of the nation.
CONTINUATION. ..

3. In another poem (Alianza Íntima Entre La Religion Y La Buena

Educacion) — the Intimate Alliance between Religion
anda Good Education.
• Rizal showed the importance of religion in education. To him
Education without God is not true education.
4. Rizal's Religious Poem — he expressed his devotion to his
Catholic faith. Al Nino Jesus ( to the Child Jesus) and A
Virgin I'daria ( to the Virgin Mary).
OY Es Espanol: Elcano, el Primers en dar La Vuelta El Mundo,
1• FIRST ROMANCE:

Painful Experience, the girl Segunda Katigbak, a pretty 14 -year

old Batanguena from Lipa.
• It was loved at first sight, but it was hopeless since Segunda was
already engaged to be married to her townmate, Manuel Lopez.
• Segunda has manifested, by insinuation and deeds, her affection on
him but he timidly failed to propose.
• In short, his first romance was ruined by his own Shyness and
Reserve. The first girl whom he loved with ardent fervor was lost
to him forever. .. . . ... .... ... .. ... ..

• W°”-° °” °-F,--,. ..,..•„„ •. ”

 B. UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS (UST}
I. I 1EDICAL STUDIES

?l'›1other’s Opposition to Higher Education:

• The Bachelor of Arts course during Spanish times was
equivalent only to the High School and junior College
today. It merely qualified its graduates to enter a
University.
•Both Don Francisco and Paciano wanted Jose to pursue
higher learning in the University but Dona Teodora, ...
MOTHER'S OPPOSITION CONTINUATION .

•who knew what happened to GOMBURZA (Leaders of

secular movement to Filipinize the Philippine parishes)
vigorously opposed the idea and told her husband:
Don't send him to l'flanila again, he knows enough, if
he gets to know more, the Spaniards will cut off his
head. Despite the mother tears, Don Francisco told
Paciano to accompany Rizal to t'ñanila. Rizal himself was
surprised by his mother's opposition whom he knows a
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

Rizal enters the University: In April 1877, Rizal who

was then nearly 16 years old matriculated in UST taking
the Course Philosophy and Letters. He enrolled this
course for two (2) reasons:
I ) His father liked it, and
2) He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue.
JOSE RIZALAT UST
UST: (CONTINUATION ..)

• It was only during the following term that Rizal having;

I) Received the Ateneo rectors advice to study medicine,
2) Other reason why h dicine for a career was to
be able to cure his mo rowing blindness.
• During his I S’ school term in UST, Rizal also
studied in
ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS:

••’Shortly after losing Segunda Katigbak, he paid to court

young woman of Calamba. In his memoirs he called her
simply “Miss 1" — describing her faith with seductive
eye. Rizal did not give her name. His romance died a natural
death. However, he gave two {2j reasons for his change of
heart:
I . The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart,
2. His father did not like the family of“Miss L".
ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS:

During his sophomore year at UST, He courted Leonor

Valenzuela.
• He sent her love notes written in invisible ink. This ink
consisted of salt and water. It left no trace in the paper.
• Rizal taught Orang (pet name of Leonor Valenzuela) the
secret of reading any note written in invisible ink by
heating it over a candle or lamp so that words may appear.
ROMANCEWITH OTHERWOMAN

•Rizal next romance with another Leonor (Leorior

Rivera) his cousin from Camiling,Tarlac.
•Rizal at the start of his junior year at the University, he
lived at Casa Tomasino.
• His landlord uncle Antonio Rivera had a pretty
daughter, Leonor, a student of La Concordia College
where Soledad her younger sister was studying.
CONTINUATION...

•Leonor born in Camiling, Tarlac on April I I, 1867. They

became engaged.
• In her letter to Rizal, Leonor signed her name
order to camouflage their intimate relationship from their
parents and friends.
• The code name Taimis given by Rizal to Leonor in order for
VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER BRUTALITY:

When Rizal was a freshmen medical student at UST, he

experienced his first taste of Spanish Brutality.
• One dark night in Calamba during his summer vacation in 1878,
not knowing the person due to darkness he did not salute nor
say “courteous Good evening ”- the vague figure turn out to
be a Lieutenant of Guardia Civil.
• With a snarl, he turned upon Rizal, whipped out his sword and
VICTIM OF SPANISH BRUTALITY
iaaar i.to*+i
REPORTED THE INCIDENT TO GOVERNOR GENERAL

Rizat repor te‹d rhe inc idenL ro G er›ero/ Prim a

de Rize'ro , t he Sp an1s h gavernor generaI of the
PhiIippines at tha t rim e. But nothi ng came aut
because he was an Indio an d t he abus› ve
I ieu ten anI was a Spaniards.

Later, ina fetLer to Blumentri tt, dated March

21 ,1887, he refatecl: “I wenL ro rhe Captain -
Ge nerat bu t I coutd no t obta in j ustic e; rn y wont d
fas tecl t wo weeks".
2. A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA (TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH):

wThe main idea of the poem was — “ The Phi/ippines is

the countc’ for the Filipinos”. It revealed his longing
for the glory of his beloved country, the Philippines.
• In the year 1879, the Liceo Artistico-Literario (Artistic-
Literary Lyceum) of Manila, a society of literary men
and artisc, held a literary contest.
A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA

• Rizal who was then 18 years old submitted the poem entitled "A La
Juventud Filipino”.
• Rizal won the first prize- which consisted of a silver penny feathered-
shaped and decorated with a gold ribbon.
• The prize winning poem — A La Juventud Filipina — is an inspiring poem of
PURPOSE:

• “ To the Filipino Youth" by Dr Jose Rizal is a

message primarily to tell the importance of one's
love and aspiration to his dialect and language,
for it is the bridge and intermediary connecting
people's country to each other. . ..
CONTINUATION. . .

•The winning poem of Rizal is a Classic Philippine Literature,

for two (2) reasons:
It was the first great poem in Spanish written bya
Filipino whose merit was recognized by Spanish literary
authorities.
y. It expresses for the first time the Nationalistic concept
TREASURE OFATENEOART GALLERY/JOSE RIZAL
3. EL CONSEjO DE LOS DIOSES BTHE COUNCIL OF GOD — 1880)

wThe artistic literary lyceum opened another literary

contest to commemorate the fourth (4th! Centennial of
the death of Cervantes (Spain's glorified man-of-letter
and famous author of Don Quixote).
• The contest opened to both Filipino and Spaniards.
Many participated — priest, newspaperman, scholars and
professors.
EL CONSEJO (CONTINUATION ..)

• Rizal inspired by his poetic triumph the previous years,

he then entered the literary joust submitting those
allegorical dramas entitled — El Consejo De Los Dioses.
•All judges of the contest were all Spaniards, after long
and critical appraisal of the entries they awarded the
fir t rize to Ri al orl because of literary superiority
to others.
CONTINUATION ...

• Despite all the objections the Spanish community in Manila

— are against the decision because the winning author was
an lndio — the prize was awarded to Rizal: A Gold Ring
on which was engraved the Bust of Cervantes.
• Spanish writer D. N, Del Puzo won the second prize.
• For the first time in history, an India - 19 years otd
Filipino Medical Students at that — excelled in National
Literary Contest.
CONTINUATION ...

• The winning allegor of Rizal was a (iterory masterpiece

based on Gree1 classics. The allegory established parallel
among Homer,Virgil and Cervantes.
• The Gods discuss the comparative merit of these grezit writers
and finally decides to give trumpet to Homer, the Lyre of Vigil
OTHER LITERARYWORKS

• junta AI Pasig (Sa Tabi ng Pasig - Xarzuela) — isinulat nya ito

nang Pangulo sya ng Al‹ademya ng Literaturang Espanyol sa
Ateneo.
• A Filipina - para sa album ng Samahan ng mga Iskultor.
• Abd-el-Azis y t’1al oma — biniglcas ni L'1anuel Fernandez, isang
Atenista noong Disyembre 8, 1789 bilang parangal sa pinuoo ng
Ateneo.
• AI f•t.R.P. Pablo Ramon — isang tulang nagpakita ng
Pagmamahal sa &ector ng Ateneo na naging P1abuti at
Matulungin sa kanye ‹ .. .L R md Wom ofa Gewx, Wr m, Wwnu wQ ¥ W Huo. pp, 6H.

•w-u-- •--m .F,-,.. ..,..•i„, ' -

4. CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS

wFilipino Students in their frequent fights against arrogant

Spanish students, who were often surpassed by the Filipinos.
• In class work — insultingly called their brown classmate —
“lndio Chongo”. In retaliation, the Filipino called them —
“Kastila Bangus”.
• Hostility both these students groups often exploded in angry
street rumbles, and Rizal Participated in these Students
Brawl.
STUDENT SECRET SOCIETY

e In 1880, Rizal founded a Secret Society of Filipino Students

called COMPANERfSMO (Comradeship) in UST. Whose
members were called “Companion of Jehu” after a valiant
general (Hebrew) who fought Armeans and ruled the Kingdom
of Israel for 28 years (B43-8 16 B.C.)
CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
5. UNHAPPY DAYS WITH UST.

wRizal, Ateneo's boy wonder found the atmosphere

suffocating to his sensicive spiric. He was unhappy at this
Dominican Institution of Higher Learning because:
I ) The Dominican professors were hostile to him.
2) The Filipino students were racially discriminated by
Spaniards,
3) The method of Instructions was obso/ete and repressive.
UNHAPPY DAYS (CONTINUATION. .

•in his novel El Filibusterismo, he describe how the Filipino

students were humiliated, and insulted by their Dominican
professors and how backward the methods of Intructions
was , especially in the teaching of Natural Science — the
science subject was taught ithou labo ato e e i e .
The Microscope and other laboratory apparacus was kept
inside — the showcases to be seen by the visitors but
students woutd not even touch them.
5. UNHAPPT DATS WITH UST.

Rizal, Ateneo's boy wonder found the atmosphere

suffocating to his sensitive spirit. He was unhappy at this
Dominican Institution of Higher Learning because:
I ) The Dominican professors were hostile to him.
2) The Filipino students were racially discriminated by
Spaniards,
3) The method of Instructions was also/ete and repressive.
UNHAPPY DAYS (CONTINUATION. ..)

• Because of unfriendly attitude of his professors, Rizal the

most ant graduate of Ateneo, failed to win hi
scholastic honors in UST (performance not impressive).
Decisions to Study Abroad: After finishing 4’h Year
Medical Course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could
DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD

For the first time, Rizal did not seek his parents
permission and blessings to go abroad because he knew
they, especially his mother, would disapproved it.
• He did not bring his beloved Leonor his Confidence
either. He had enough common sense to know that
Leonor being a woman young and romantic could not
keep secret.

wz.„,l„,i-,.F,-,;.„.i..i„, .
DECISION TO STUDY....

•Rizal's parent Leonor and Spanish authorities f¢ziew

Nothing of his decision to go abroad in order to finish
his /'›1edical Studies in Spain, where the professors
were more liberal than those of the University of Santo