Reaction Paper

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The formation of Earth, a terrestrial planet located in the Solar System, is a subject of much scientific

study and debate. The prevailing theory is that Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas in
the early Solar System, a process known as accretion.

Before Earth was born there was only the Sun that exist in the Solar System and only dust and rocks that
are roaming around but then the gravity start pulling these dust and rocks forming larger and larger
objects. These objects, continued to collide and merge, eventually forming protoplanets.

One of these protoplanets, known as the "proto-Earth," Over time, the proto-Earth continued to grow in
size through the collision and accretion of smaller bodies,

As the proto-Earth grew larger, its gravity also increased, allowing it to attract and hold onto a thicker
and thicker atmosphere. The early atmosphere of Earth there was no air, the Earth is just a boiling ball
of lava primarily composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor the heat on Earth is estimated
2000 degrees Fahrenheit.

Scientists believed that planet Theia collided with the Earth, resulting in the formation of the Moon. The
impact would have been catastrophic, with both planets being completely vaporized and the debris
forming a ring around the Earth and inside this ring full of debris and rocks there was a giant ball of rock
circling around the Earth and is believed that is our moon but much closer than our moon today, the
impact would have had significant effects on the Earth. The collision would have released a tremendous
amount of energy, equivalent to the explosion of billions of nuclear bombs. The ocean lava on Earth is
gone due to the impact of the collision with planet Theia.

600 million years later the geographic of Earth changes and Earth was attacked by dozens of meteors
which is believed that inside the meteors there are crystals and inside of each crystals is what the
scientists believed a droplet of water which will fill up the Earth surface, the gravity is still unbalance, a
megastorm roaming inside the earth due to the Earth's rapid rotation and the closeness of the moon to
Earth causes overwhelmed gravity that creates huge tides, but overtime the moon moves away and the
waves calmed down, millions of years later the molten rocks bursts up to the Earth crust and forming
volcanic Islands.

3.8 billion years ago meteors raining from the skies and carrying minerals, the meteor dissolves in the
water combining the chemical from the meteorites and the water it creates the first life form, the
bacteria.
In 3.5 billion years ago it all began with the emergence of photosynthetic organisms, such as
cyanobacteria, that had the ability to convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. This process
also released oxygen as a byproduct, which slowly began to accumulate in the atmosphere.

Initially, the Earth's atmosphere was primarily composed of methane, ammonia, and other gases that
were toxic to most forms of life as we know it. However, as oxygen levels increased, it began to change
the composition of the atmosphere and make it more hospitable to life.

The initial life forms that existed were mostly aquatic organisms that lived in the oceans. These early
forms of life were simple, single-celled organisms that were able to survive in the harsh, oxygen-poor
environment. As oxygen levels continued to increase, more complex forms of life began to evolve, such
as multicellular organisms, algae.

One of the most interesting and ancient forms of aquatic life are stromatolites. These are layered rock
formations that were created by the growth of cyanobacteria and other microorganisms.

The emergence of photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, which created a hospitable


environment for more complex forms of life to evolve. These early aquatic organisms, such as
stromatolites, were some of the first forms of life to appear on Earth and continue to fascinate scientists
to this day.

1.5 billion years ago the Earth's crust and breaks into several plates and due to the extreme heat from
the core it generates movement and the plates moved along with the volcanic Islands for over 400
million years passed by the islands piece by piece joined together and forming a super continent called
Rhodinia, but it didn't stay forever, 750 million years ago as the Earth crust stretched and weakened by
the force of heat the super continent Rhodinia splits into two.

The event known as the "Snowball Earth" occurred around 700 million years ago, and it was a period of
intense global glaciation that covered the entire planet in ice. Scientists believe that this event was
caused by a combination of factors, including changes in the Earth's orbit and the emergence of new
forms of life.

During this time, the Earth's atmosphere was still mostly composed of methane, ammonia, and other
gases that were toxic to most forms of life as we know it, despite the harsh conditions of the Snowball
Earth, who knows if life forms can survive
But the event didn't end there, as the Earth completely covered in ice for 15 million years the Earth's
core is still hot as ever and then the volcanoes emerge from beneath the ice and reach up the surface,
many volcanoes erupted and released tons of amount of carbon dioxide but the stone that used to
absorb these gases is covered by ice and there's nothing can absorb the carbon dioxide and then the
gases covered the entire Earth's atmosphere as the Snowball Earth began to thaw, the increased levels
of atmospheric oxygen allowed for the evolution of more complex forms of life and forming new
generation of multicellular organisms.

The Snowball Earth event was a significant period in Earth's history that had a profound impact on the
evolution of life. Despite the harsh conditions, some forms of life were able to survive by exploiting
niches in the oceans.

The evolution from the Jurassic period to the emergence of the human race is a complex and gradual
process that occurred over millions of years.

After the Jurassic period, during the Cretaceous period, the dinosaurs were the dominant land animals.
But at the end of the Cretaceous, there was a mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs, which
opened up new opportunities for other groups of animals to evolve and diversify.

One of the groups that took advantage of this opportunity were the mammals. The mammals were small
and insignificant during the time of the dinosaurs, but after the mass extinction, they began to diversify
and evolve into a wide variety of forms. Some mammals evolved into herbivores, others into carnivores,
and some into omnivores.

One of the groups of mammals that evolved during this time were the primates, which includes lemurs,
monkeys, apes, and humans. Among the primates, the first monkeys and apes appeared around 25
million years ago, and the first human-like apes, such as Australopithecus, appeared around 4 million
years ago.

The genus Homo, which includes modern humans, appeared around 2.8 million years ago. The first
species in this genus, Homo habilis, was the first known to make stone tools, and over time, human
ancestors evolved larger brains, the ability to make more advanced tools, and the ability to walk upright
on two legs.

Around 200,000 years ago, the species Homo sapiens appeared, which is the modern human. Over time,
human populations spread
In conclusion, the creation of oxygen through photosynthesis by early microorganisms in the oceans was
a crucial step in the evolution of life on Earth. These organisms, such as stromatolites, thrived in the
underwater environment and played a significant role in shaping the planet's atmosphere.

The movement and collision of the Earth's tectonic plates led to the formation of the first continents,
Rhodinia and Gondwana, and the emergence of diverse life forms.

The Snowball Earth event, which occurred around 700 million years ago, resulted in a dramatic shift in
the planet's climate, but life managed to survive and adapt.

The Jurassic period saw the evolution of many iconic species, including dinosaurs, and ultimately led to
the emergence of the human race.

Overall, the Earth's history is a complex interplay of geological, biological and environmental factors that
have shaped the planet and its inhabitants over billions of years.

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