"1967-76: A Decade of Change" in Pakistani Cinema by Mushtaq Gazdar is a study of a critical decade

in the history of Pakistani cinema. The author argues that the period from 1967 to 1976 was a time
of significant change in the Pakistani film industry, marked by the emergence of new voices, new
genres, and new styles.

The book explores how the social, cultural, and political context of the time influenced the films
produced during this period. Gazdar notes that the 1960s and 70s were a time of social upheaval in
Pakistan, with the rise of student movements, leftist politics, and women's rights activism. This era of
change was reflected in Pakistani cinema, with the emergence of films that challenged traditional
gender roles, questioned social hierarchies, and explored new themes. For example, the film "Aakhri
Station" (1970) explored the experiences of a female train conductor in a male-dominated
profession, while "Aurat Raj" (1979) examined the ways in which women were excluded from
political power.

Gazdar also examines the impact of technological advancements on Pakistani cinema during this
period, including the introduction of colour and new sound systems. Similarly, the introduction of
new sound systems allowed filmmakers to experiment with new musical styles and use sound to
create atmosphere and emotion. He discusses how these changes allowed Pakistani filmmakers to
experiment with new visual and aural styles, leading to the emergence of new genres such as the
"social film" and the "art film." The social film was a genre that addressed social issues and explored
the lives of ordinary people. For example, the film "Sangam" (1964) dealt with the issue of bonded
labor, while "Gumnaam" (1971) examined the exploitation of women in rural areas. The art film, on
the other hand, was characterized by its experimental style and emphasis on visual aesthetics. For
example, "Saza" (1972) was a film that used innovative camera techniques and lighting to create a
haunting atmosphere.

Overall, "1967-76: A Decade of Change" in Pakistani Cinema is a richly detailed and insightful analysis
of a transformative era in Pakistani film history. The book sheds light on the ways in which cinema
both reflected and contributed to the social and cultural changes of the time, making it a valuable
resource for scholars, filmmakers, and anyone interested in the history of Pakistani cinema.