GLAZING – PAGE 12

ARC

GLASS – PAGE 2
022
BUILDING
TECHNOLOGY
AR. SILVANO V. AQUINO
 Leader
GULOY, ARA JANE V. ARC 022 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Members
ALIADO, ALLYSSAH MARIE
GLASS
ANGCO, KEANA MEI S.
• Production Techniques
CALICDAN, REYNA MAE
• Types of Glass

Powerpoint & Design • Glass Treatments

GULOY, ARA JANE V.

RESEARCHERS
ALIADO, ALLYSSAH MARIE GLAZING
ANGCO, KEANA MEI S.
CALICDAN, REYNA MAE
2 • Types of Glazing Methods

• Types of Glazing
GULOY, ARA JANE V.

1/20/2023 1
1 GLASS
Architectural Glass is glass that is used as a building material.
It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the
building envelope, including windows in the external walls.
Is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural
feature. When used in buildings, glass is often of a safety type,
which include reinforced, toughened and laminated glasses.
1/20/2023
Glass is a non-crystalline, often
transparent, amorphous solid that has
widespread practical, technological, and
decorative use.
Ordinary window glass in annealed,
cooled slowly under controlled condition
to avoid locked-in thermal stresses.
Thermal stress is one of many factors that
can cause glass to break, even when it is
not impacted by a projectile.
THICKNESS OF GLASS
Glass is typically manufactured in a serries
of thickness ranging from approximately
25mm, through 3mm, is called “single
strength”, or 6mm to 22mm, is called “double
strength” and on “special order”, 25mm is
available
2
1 GLASS
Workability and Recycle Property: glass
has superior workability as it can be
molded into countless shapes or blown
during melting. Also, any type of glass can
be 100% recyclable and used as a raw
material in construction.
Strength: the strength of glass is
determined by its modulus of rupture
value. Glass is usually brittle but we can
make it stronger by adding admixtures
and laminates.
Transmittance: this is the visible fraction
5 PROPERTIES OF GLASS of light passing through the glass.

Glass has 5 engineering properties: U value: this represents how much heat
transferred through the glass. Insulated
Transparency: this is the primary property of glass that glass units should have a low U value.
allows us to see through it. Glass can be transparent from
both sides or from one side only (the other side acts like a
mirror).

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1 GLASS
Some glass products contains a small amount of
additives such as magnesium, iron oxide, carbon,
lead oxide and sodium sulphate to enhance certain
characteristics:
o Resistance to breaking and durability
o The color
o Absorption of infrared and UV radiation
o Transparency
o Reflection
o Amount of air bubbles

INGREDIENTS OF GLASS
 The major ingredient of glass is sand silicon
dioxide. It is produced by melting a mixture of
silica, a flux and a stabilizer
Glass is made by melting silicate and minerals such
as quartz, sand, and crushed flint (over 70% of the
mixture), together with potash or sodium oxide, to
influence the melting point.
The mixture is heated to temperatures between
1200° C and 1500° C and cooled down
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 1.1 PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES

CHEMICAL MECHANICAL
POLISHING
For common optical components, polishing of
the parts is done by friction of a polishing tool on
the surface of the material. This process that
gives a good optical transparency

On the other side, this process takes a long time

FIRE POLISHING to be done and as it needs the contact of the
polishing tool to the surface of the material, is
Also called flame polishing, as it correspond to a limited in the shape of the parts it can polish.
heating of the surface of a glass part with a torch. It
will result in local softening of the glass that will
reform with a smoother and more homogeneous
surface.

This process is mainly used to polish glass tubes

edges or to smooth a surface. Although it is called
polishing, quality of the resulting surface is far from
the optical quality of the mechanical polishing.

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WHAT DOES THE GLASS PRODUCTION LOOK
LIKE

6
1.2 TYPES OF GLASS 2. CAST GLASS
 Cast glass was still in use in the post-war period for
particular decorative applications. By casting molten
glass paste onto a table with a rough or textured
surface, the resulting glass was imprinted with a
pattern in relief.

1. MIRROR & WINDOW GLASS

 Flat sheets of polished cast mirror glass and drawn
window glass were the most common types of
glass used in house building, until the rise of
double glazing in the post-war period.
 Contrary to what the terminology implies, both are
transparent
 The difference between them is that window glass
is polished by fire, while mirror glass is polished
mechanically.
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 1.2 TYPES OF GLASS
3. PROCESSED GLASS

• Insulating Glass • Double Glazing

Double glazing was one of the most common glass
Insulating glass, which also enhances the thermal
products used in housing construction in the post-war
insulating capacities, included a layer of glass
period. It was first commercially produced by the
fibers between two panes of glass, hermetically
Libbey-Owens-Ford glass company in the early 1940s,
sealed at the edges. However, the fiber layer
under the brand name Thermopane.
made the glass translucent instead of
transparent. Double glazing became
A second sheet of glass very popular because of
applied to a window its insulation capacities,
with airspace between both thermal and
the sheets cuts this acoustic. It reduced heat
rate of heat loss in half. loss by 50% over single
Two kinds of edges glazing, and because of
seals are fused glass the two-stage transition
edges and a metal from cold to warm,
spline and organic prevented condensation.
sealant.

8
 1.2 TYPES OF GLASS
3. PROCESSED GLASS

• Safety Glass
Production of safety glass began at the beginning
of the 20th century when multiple sheets of glass
were combined using a celluloid foil, pvb-film or
resin, to create laminated safety glass. Although
this involved two panes of glass, multi-layered
and laminated glass are not double glazing – this
term applies only to two (or more) panes of glass
with a layer of dry air or gas between them.
4. SPANDREL GLASS
Special opaque glasses are produced for covering the
spandrel area (the bands of wall around the edges of
floors) in glass curtain. It is usually tempered or heat-
strengthened to resist the thermal stresses that can
cause by accumulations of solar heat behind the
spandrel.

-Tempered glass,
invented in 1929 by the
French glass company
Saint-Gobain, was a
specific type of safety
glass. It was made by
heating a sheet of glass
up to 600° C and cooling
it down very quickly.

9
1.2 TYPES OF GLASS
5. GLASS BLOCKS
They are made into two separate halves, which are
heat-sealed together to form a hollow unit with
reasonably high thermal efficiency and sound
insulation. The edge surfaces of the block are coated
with a gritty mortar bond.
1/20/2023
Glass was also made in shapes other than flat, for
example in corrugated sheets and blocks. Glass
blocks were produced in various shapes (mostly
square or round), sizes (e.g. square blocks from 5 by
5 cm to 30 by 30 cm), colours and types (solid or
hollow).
• Functional Blocks
Direct or diffuse the daylight, which upward
toward the ceiling used always above eye level
• Decorative or
Architectural Blocks
Available in a wide range of styles and patterns.
These glass masonry units provide almost
unlimited design versality when used in window,
openings and facades, as interior walls and
divider paneling
10
1.3 GLASS TREATMENTS
 The last category in the BBRI’s Technical
Information Note consisted of various ways to
treat glass, either industrially or by craftsmen. For
instance, by applying a very thin coat of metal to
one side of the glass infrared rays were reflected.
The glass may be given any of the following
treatment:
(1) Bending: The glass may be bent into desired
shape by placing it in ovens in which the
temperature can be regulated. The glass in the form
of rods, sheets or tubes is placed in such ovens and
heated. It is then bent when it is suitably heated.
(2) Cutting: The glass is cut in required sizes with
the help of diamond or rough glasses or small
wheels of hardened steel.
(3) Opaque making: The glass can also be made
opaque or impervious to light. It is done by
grinding the glass surface with emery. It can also
be achieved chemically by the application of
hydrofluoric acid.
(4) Silvering: This process consists in applying a
very thin coat of tin on the surface of glass. The
silver is deposited on this layer of tin. A suitable
paint is then applied to give protection against
the atmospheric effects.
-Other examples were non-reflecting glass, glass
that conducted electricity, engraved glass,
frosted glass, and enameled glass. The latter was
a specific type of opaque glass: a layer of colored
enamel was applied to the glass and thermally
treated to assure a complete vitrification. This
glass resisted mechanical and thermal shocks,
and atmospheric agents, very well; and needed
little maintenance.
2 GLAZING
 The glazing for a project may include
standard glass, sun windows, storefront
glass, and skylights. It is common for
glazing to be clear glass, but we also use
other forms such as frosted, textured, and
etched glass for aesthetics. This article will
discuss the applications of glazing in
construction.
 Glazing describes installing glass in fixed
openings within a building and refers to all
the glass required to support a building
under construction. Glazing has both
aesthetic and functional value in
As used in construction, glazing refers to installing glass in a construction.
building’s fixed openings, such as windows and doors.
 The word glazing refers to the glass that is
Glazing also refers to any glass within a building or structure.
installed in the window frame (the term is
In construction, the glazing for a project refers to the glass
also used to describe the work done by a
needed to complete the project.
glazier). One sheet of glass is a single
There is a misconception that glazing infers a special coating glazed window, two glass panels create a
is added to the glass – this is not true. double glazed window and so on.
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2.1 TYPES OF GLAZING METHODS
2. WET GLAZED
 The wet glazed method involves applying an adhering
agent to the aluminum frame before fitting the
window panel. The adhering agent, such as structural
silicone, secures the panel to the frame. The wet
glazed method is suitable for indoor projects to avoid
dust that would otherwise make the adhering agent
less effective.

1. DRY GLAZED
 Metal panels or glass units are compressed into the
glazing pockets on the frames using structural
tapes or rubber gaskets to generate sufficient
compression force. These compression stresses are
placed on either side of the glazed element.
Depending on the structure, glazing can be done
from the internal or external side.

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2.1 TYPES OF GLAZING METHODS

3. POINTED SUPPORT GLASS

SYSTEM  The pointed support glass systems method is
popular in buildings with a view because the
bolted fittings are relatively tiny and do not
obstruct the view. There are various pointed
support glass system configurations to meet
different architectural needs.

 Pointed support systems are aesthetically

pleasing, but this method requires a lot of caution
and expertise to achieve precision. It is a rather
complicated process but is well worth it as pointed
support glass systems have a significantly longer
life cycle due to tempered glass. Manufacturers
process tempered glass by exposing it to high
temperatures.

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2.1 TYPES OF GLAZING METHODS

5. DOUBLE SKIN WALL

 As the name suggests, this method involves the
construction of a façade made out of two layers of
glass with space between them. It is the most
expensive and complex of the five glazing methods.
However, one can manipulate the space between the
double skin walls to bring in lots of sunlight,
ventilation, and energy.

4. CABLE NET
 The cable net method delivers substantial views
like the pointed support systems method. The
cable net method is elegant because it eliminates
the need for framing. However, it's a costly method
due to cable net structural analysis and
coordination. Provide aesthetic views without
interfering with the functionality of the building.

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2.2 TYPES OF GLAZING

2. ANNEALED GLASS
 Float glass can be cooled slowly in a controlled
environment to reduce internal stresses within the
sheets and make the glass stronger. Annealed glass is
less likely to break because of its manufacture.
However, annealed glass can be risky as it breaks into
large jagged shards.

1. FLOAT GLASS
 Float glass, also known as soda-lime glass, is a
smooth sheet of glass with a consistent thickness
achieved by floating molten glass on a pool of
molten tin. The method is referred to as “float”
that’s why it’s called float glass. Float glass is large
and thin. It is the most widely used type of glass in
construction.

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2.2 TYPES OF GLAZING
4. FULLY TEMPERED GLASS
 Fully tempered glass is made by heating the annealed
glass and cooling it much faster than heat
strengthened glass. The rapid cooling leaves the
internal parts of the glass fluid for longer than the
surface.
 This forms equal amounts of tensile and compressive
stresses across the glass, making it approximately
three times more potent than annealed glass.

3. LAMINATED GLASS
 Laminated glass is made by sandwiching a
transparent vinyl interlayer between sheets of
glass under heat and pressure. Laminated glass can
be manufactured using heat-strengthened glass or
tempered glass

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2.2 TYPES OF GLAZING

6. WIRED GLASS
 Wired glass is fire-resistant glazing made by
placing wire mesh between layers of glass, similar
to how PVB is used to make laminated glass. This
type of glazing is less likely to shatter under high
temperatures due to the mesh.

5. HEAT STRENGTHENED
GLASS
 The heat strengthened process is similar to
tempering but its about one-third as high as
tempered glass in terms of building and strength.
typically needs to be laminated because it is
hazardous when broken.

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2.2 TYPES OF GLAZING

8. LOW EMISSIVITY GLASS

 Low emissivity glass is made by coating glass with
silver or tin to reflect long-wave infra-red radiation.
Low emissivity glass regulates temperature within a
building because it does not absorb much radiation.

7. SELF CLEANING GLASS

 This type of glazing is made by applying a
transparent coating to glass. This coating reacts
with UV rays to break down dirt so that it is easily
washed off when it rains.

1/20/2023 19
 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING :))))

20
 ARC 022 – BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 – BUILDING MATERIALS

GLASS AND GLAZING

JANUARY 19, 2023 GROUP 2

GLASS
FLOAT PROCESS
Glass is an
IT FLOATS ONinorganic
THE TIN, solid material that
SPREADS OUTis AND
usuallyFORMS
transparent or translucent
A LEVEL SURFACE. as
well as hard, brittle, and impervious to the natural elements. Glass has been made
into practical and
THICKNESS IS decorative
CONTROLLED objects since
BY ancient
THE times,SPEEDand itAT is stillWHICH
very
important in applications as disparate as building construction, housewares, and
SOLIDIFYING GLASS RIBBON IS DRAWN OFF FROM THE BATH.
telecommunications. It is made by cooling molten ingredients such as silica sand
with sufficient rapidity to prevent the formation of visible crystals.
TYPES OF GLASS AND THEIR USES
FOUR MAIN TYPES
ANNEALED GLASS
SOMETIMES CALLED STANDARD GLASS IS A SOFTER GLASS THAT HAS BEEN
THERMALLY TREATED ANDTHEN SLOWLY COOLED TO RELIEVE ANY INTERNAL
STRESSES. ANNEALED GLASS TENDS TO BREAK INTO LONGER,JAGGED SHARDS
WHICH CAN CAUSE SIGNIFICANT INJURY. IT IS GENERALLY USED WHEN STRENGTH
OR SAFETY ARE NOT CONCERNSBUT COST IS.

HEAT STRENGTHENED GLASS

IS SEMI TEMPERED OR SEMI TOUGHENED GLASS. THE HEAT STRENGTHENING
PROCESS INVOLVES HEATING ANNEALED GLASS BACK UP TO ABOUT 650 TO 700
DEGREES CELSIUS AND THEN COOLING IT QUICKLY, ALTHOUGH NOT AS FAST AS
WITH TOUGHENED GLASS. THE HEAT STRENGTHENING PROCESS INCREASES THE
MECHANICAL AND THERMAL STRENGTH OF ANNEALED GLASS, MAKING IT TWICE AS
TOUGH AS ANNEALED GLASS.
TEMPERED GLASS
MANUFACTURED THROUGH A PROCESS OF EXTREME HEATING AND
RAPID COOLING,TEMPERED GLASS IS MUCH HARDER AND STRONGER
THAN NORMAL GLASS. ANOTHER BENEFIT OF TEMPERED GLASS IS THE
ABILITY TO STAND UP TO MODERATE HEAT(470°F).

LAMINATED GLASS
TAKES THE IDEA OF SAFETY GLASS A STEP FURTHER. LAMINATED
SAFETY GLASS IS CRAFTED BY ADHERING TWO PIECES OF ANNEALED
GLASS TOGETHER BY A VINYL LAYER. THE VINYL LAYER HOLDS THE
GLASSTOGETHER IF THE GLASS IS BROKEN OR IMPALED.
OTHER TYPES OF GLASS
OPTICAL GLASS
GLASS IS SOFTER THAN ANY OTHER GLASS .IT IS CLEAR AND
TRANSPARENT. POTASSIUM AND LEAD SILICATES ARE USED IN MAKING
OPTICAL GLASS. IT IS ALSO CALLED FLINT GLASS. THE MAIN USE OF FLINT
GLASS IS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LENSES, PRISMS AND OTHER OPTICAL
INSTRUMENTS.

PYREX GLASS
PYREX GLASS IS HIGHLY HEAT RESISTANT.IN ORDINARY GLASS, SILICA IS THE
.
MAIN CONSTITUENT. IN PYREX GLASS SOME OF THE SILICA IS REPLACED BY
BORON OXIDE. BORON OXIDE EXPANDS VERY LITTLE WHEN HEATED, THUS,
PYREX GLASS DOES NOT CRACK ON STRONG HEATING, PYREX GLASS IS ALSO
CALLED BOROSILICATE GLASS.

PHOTOCHROMATIC GLASS

ACQUIRES A DARKER SHADE WHEN EXPOSED TO BRIGHTLIGHT AND

RETURNS TO ITS ORIGINAL LIGHTER SHADE IN DIM LIGHT. THIS HAPPENS
BECAUSE SILVER IODIDE IS ADDED TO THIS GLASS.(SILVER IODIDE GETS
COLOUREDWITH THE INTENSITY OF LIGHT.)
OTHER TYPES OF GLASS
OPTICAL GLASS
GLASS IS SOFTER THAN ANY OTHER GLASS .IT IS CLEAR
AND TRANSPARENT. POTASSIUM AND LEAD SILICATES ARE
USED IN MAKING OPTICAL GLASS. IT IS ALSO CALLED FLINT
GLASS. THE MAIN USE OF FLINT GLASS IS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LENSES, PRISMS AND OTHER OPTICAL
INSTRUMENTS.
PYREX GLASS
PYREX GLASS IS HIGHLY HEAT RESISTANT.IN ORDINARY
.
GLASS, SILICA IS THE MAIN CONSTITUENT. IN PYREX GLASS
SOME OF THE SILICA IS REPLACED BY BORON OXIDE. BORON
OXIDE EXPANDS VERY LITTLE WHEN HEATED, THUS, PYREX
GLASS DOES NOT CRACK ON STRONG HEATING, PYREX
GLASS IS ALSO CALLED BOROSILICATE GLASS.
PHOTOCHROMATIC GLASS
ACQUIRES A DARKER SHADE WHEN EXPOSED TO
BRIGHTLIGHT AND RETURNS TO ITS ORIGINAL LIGHTER
SHADE IN DIM LIGHT. THIS HAPPENS BECAUSE SILVER
IODIDE IS ADDED TO THIS GLASS.(SILVER IODIDE GETS
COLOUREDWITH THE INTENSITY OF LIGHT.)
LEAD CRYSTAL GLASS
LEAD CRYSTAL GLASS HAS HIGH REFRACTIVE INDEX,
AND SO HAS THE MAXIMUMBRILLIANCE. IT SPARKLES AND IS
USED FOR HIGH QUALITY ART OBJECTS AND FOR EXPENSIVE
GLASSWARE. IT IS ALSO CALLED CUT GLASS BECAUSE THE
SURFACE OF THEGLASS OBJECTS IS OFTEN CUT INTO
DECORATIVE PATTERNS TO REFLECT LIGHT. IN ORDERTO
INCREASE THE REFRACTIVE INDEX, LEAD OXIDE IS USED AS
FLUX IN CRYSTAL GLASS,THEREFORE IT IS CALLED LEAD
CRYSTAL GLASS.
GLASS WOOL
GLASS WOOL IS MADE OF FIBERS OF GLASS AND ACTS
AS AN INSULATING FILLER. IT IS FIRE-RESISTANT GLASS.
OBSCURE GLASS
GLASS HAVING ONE OR BOTH SIDES ACID-ETCHED OR
SANDBLASTED TO OBSCURE VISION
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF IONS USED TO PRODUCE
VARIOUS COLORS IN GLASSES
COLORED GLASS
COLORING ION COLOR
SMALL AMOUNTS OF METALLIC OXIDES
ARE MIXED WITH THE HOT MOLTEN MIXTURE IRON OXIDE GREEN
OF SAND, SODIUM CARBONATE AND
LIMESTONE.THE DESIRED COLOUR
SULPHUR BLUE
DETERMINES THE CHOICE OF THE METALLIC
OXIDE TO BE ADDED, AS DIFFERENT
MANGANESE DIOXIDE BLACK
METALLIC OXIDESGIVE DIFFERENT COLOURS
TO THE GLASS. COLOURED GLASS IS MUCH IN
DEMAND. IT IS USED FOR DECORATING COBALT BLUE
WALLS, MAKING SUNGLASSES, AND FOR
MAKING LIGHT SIGNALS FOR AUTOMOBILES, CHROMIUM DARK GREEN
TRAINS AND AEROPLANES.
TITANIUM YELLOWISH BROWN

URANIUM YELLOW
PROPERTIES
OF GLASS
T TRANSPARENCY OF
GLASS
TRANSPARENCY IS THE MAIN
S STRENGTH OF GLASS

GLASS IS TECHNICALLY A BRITLE

PROPERTY OF GLASS WHICH ALLOWS MATERIAL BUT CAN BE
THE VISION OF THE OUTSIDE WORLD MANUFACTURED IN VARIOUS
THROUGH IT. THE TRANSPARENCY OF STRENGTH CAPACITIES.
GLASS CAN BE FROM BOTH SIDES OR
FROM ONE SIDE ONLY. IN ONE SIDE
TRANSPARENCY, GLASS BEHAVES
LIKE A MIRROR FROM THE OTHER
SIDE.

W WORKABILITY OF
GLASS V VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE

GLASS CAN BE BLOWN, DRAWN, IS THE FRACTION OF VISIBLE

OR PRESSED. IT IS POSSIBLE TO LIGHT THAT COMES THROUGH
OBTAIN GLASS WITH DIVERSIFIED GLASS.
PROPERTIES SUCH AS CLEAR,
COLORLESS, DIFFUSED, AND
EVEN STAINED.
G GREENHOUSE EFFECT

REFERS TO CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE

R RECYCLE PROPERTY
OF GLASS
ANY GLASS CAN BE 100%
THE SHORT WAVELENGTHS OF VISIBLE RECYCLABLE. IT CAN ALSO BE
LIGHT FROM THE SUNPASSES USED AS RAW MATERIAL IN
THROUGH THE GLASS AND ARE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.
ABSORBED.

W WEATHERING OF
GLASS T THERMAL EXPANSION

A REACTION BETWEEN SODIUM THE COEFFICIENT OF LINEAR

FROM THE GLASS AND EXPANSION IS ALMOST
ATMOSPHERIC WATER AND CONSTANT FOR MOST TYPE OF
CARBONDIOXIDE CAN LEAD TO GLASS.
THE FORMATION OF SODIUM
CARBONATE,WHICH
CRYSTALLIZES IN FINE NEEDLES.
 GLASS WAS 01 WHEEL
CUTTING
PRIMARILY WITH
A HEATED AND
TYPES OF SHARPLY
POINTED ROD FILAMENT
GLASS
02
OF IRON. BUT IN
PRESENT TIMES CUTTING

CUTTING
THERE ARE
OTHER WAYS IN
03
C02
LASER
DOING SO.
GLAZING
GLAZING REFERS TO THE
INSTALLATION OF GLASS IN
WINDOWS, DOORS, OR ANY OTHER
FIXED OPENING. GLAZING CAN BE
REFERRED TO AS ANY AND ALL THE
GLASS WITHIN THE STRUCTURE OR
THE INSTALLATION OF ANY PIECE OF
GLASS WITHIN A SASH OR FRAME.
COMMONLY USED GLAZING SYSTEMS:
STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURAL GLAZING IS A SYSTEM OF BONDING GLASS TO A BUILDING'S STRUCTURAL FRAMING MEMBERS UTILIZING A
HIGHSTRENGTH, HIGH PERFORMANCE SILICONE SEALANT SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED AND TESTED FOR STRUCTURAL GLAZING.

BOLTED GLAZING CABLE STAYED GLAZING FIN SUPPORTED GLAZING

CURTAIN WALLS

A CURTAIN WALL IS AN
OUTER COVERING OF
A BUILDING IN WHICH
THE OUTER WALLS
ARE NON-
STRUCTURAL,
UTILIZED ONLY TO
KEEP THE WEATHER
OUT AND THE
OCCUPANTS IN.

STICK SYSTEM UNITIZED SYSTEM

Thank you!

.
GLASS & GLAZING
P R E S E N T I N G - G R O U P 2
 WHAT IS GLASS?

Glass - Glass is an inorganic solid

material that is usually transparent
or translucent as well as hard,
brittle, and impervious to the
natural elements. It is usually made
up of sand, limestone, and sodium
carbonate.
WHAT IS GLAZING?

Glazing - the action, process, or

trade of fitting windows with glass;
panes or sheets of glass set or
made to be set in frames, as in
windows, doors, or mirrors.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
GLASS & GLAZING

Glazing is the act of putting windows or

applying glaze to windows, it can also
be the broader term that refers to a
pane of glass. Glass on the other hand
refers to the specific type of glass used
in glazing.
TYPES OF GLASS
 TYPES OF GLASS

Sheet Glass
Sheet glass is manufactured
by having molten glass pass
through rollers to produce a
nearly flat finish. sheet glass
is mainly used in glazing
greenhouses and the like.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Float Glass
Made from sodium silicate and
calcium silicate, float glass is also
known as soda-lime glass. The
applications of float glass include
fixed and opening windows above
waist height, shop fronts, as well
as public places.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Laminated Glass
Sheet glass is manufactured
by having molten glass pass
through rollers to produce a
nearly flat finish. sheet glass
is mainly used in glazing
greenhouses and the like.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Shatterproof Glass
Shatterproof glass is just what
it sounds like, a type of glass
that’s resistant to shattering.
It’s commonly used in
windows, floors, and skylights.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Energy-efficient Glass
This type of glass is produced
by glazing float glass with a
special thin coating on one
side.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Extra-clean / Self-cleaning Glass

Extra-clean or self-cleaning glass is both photocatalytic and
hydrophobic.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Chromatic Glass
Used in ICUs and meeting
rooms, chromatic glass can
control the transparent
efficiency to protect the
interior from daylight.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Patterned Glass
Patterned glass is flat glass
that’s been rolled onto one side
during production. Patterned
glass is used for decoration
purposes, with or without added
privacy.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Tinted Glass
Tinted glass is simply
coloured glass.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Toughened Glass
Toughened glass, also called
safety or tempered glass, is
used extensively throughout
the industry for its ability to
resist breaking. It can also be
used in laminated panels for
extra safety precautions.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Wired Glass
Wired glass has a wire
mesh in the middle of its
glass structure. wired glass
is commonly used in more
industrial areas or
structures such as garages.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Glass Blocks
Also called as glass bricks, glass
blocks are made from two
halves pressed and annealed
during the melting process of
glass.
 TYPES OF GLASS

Insulated Glazed Units

an insulated glazed unit
consists of two or three layers
separated by air or vacuum.
TYPES OF GLAZING
 TYPES OF GLAZING

Single glaze

A window with a single sheet of glass.

 TYPES OF GLAZING
Double
A window with two sheet of glass that has a space
in the middle between the two parallel glass pane.
IIt also contains a noble gas that insulates any
noise, air, and heat.

Examples of noble gas insulators are:

Argon
Krypton
Xenon
 TYPES OF GLAZING
Triple Glazing Quadruple Glazing
 PURPOSE OF GLAZING

Purpose of glazing in terms of construction is to provide a proper

installation of glass on our doors, windows, and walls which has an
aesthetical reason and to save money on heating and cooling bills also to
conserve energy efficiency. Nowadays, single glazed windows aren’t
enough. Usually multi-layered pane windows are common since it has a lot
of benefits inside of the building. Also glazing is much more adaptive
rather than caulking in terms of installing glass with the strength of the
used product, cure, and proper maintenance which the glass will last
longer for around 100 years.
ADVANTAGES OF
GLAZING
Lower energy consumption

Safety

Soundproofing

Lesser interior fading

Durability

Design options

Reduce on energy bills

DISADVANTAGES OF
GLAZING

Trap heat

Can’t be repaired

Not a good match for older homes

Costly
FACTORS THAT AFFECT
THE USAGE OF GLASS
AND GLAZING
Glass and frames in windows,
external doors and skylights
has a significant effect on
thermal performance. 40% of a
home’s heating energy can be
lost and up to 87% of its heat
gained through windows.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE USAGE
OF GLASS AND GLAZING

Glass Properties

Properties play a
big role to how a
glass conduct and
reflect light.
 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE USAGE
OF GLASS AND GLAZING

Visible light transmittance Conduction

The amount of light that passes
through the glazing is known as
visible light transmittance
(VLT) or visible transmittance
(VT).
Conduction is how readily a
material conducts heat. This is
known as the U value. The U
value for windows (expressed as
Uw), describes the conduction of
the whole window.
 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE USAGE
OF GLASS AND GLAZING
Solar heat gain
The solar heat gain
coefficient (SHGC) for
windows (expressed as
SHGCw) measures how
readily heat from direct
sunlight flows through a
whole window (glass and
frame together). SHGC is
expressed as a number
between 0 and 1
 IDEAL USAGE OF VARIOUS GLASS
AND GLAZING

Low emissivity glass

It reduces heat transfer

Types
High transmission low-e glass
Low transmission low-e glass
 IDEAL USAGE OF VARIOUS GLASS
AND GLAZING

Laminated Glass
Laminated glass has a plastic
glazing layer, called an
interlayer, which is adhered
permanently between 2 sheets
of standard glass. Toughened
Glass
 IDEAL USAGE OF VARIOUS GLASS
AND GLAZING

Toughened Glass
It can resist higher impact loads before breaking.
It also makes it safer because, when it does
shatter, it breaks into many small cubic pieces
rather than dangerous shards.
 IDEAL USAGE OF VARIOUS GLASS
AND GLAZING

Single glazing
You can use single glazing with a more energy-
efficient type of glass such as low emissivity
(low-e) glass.
 IDEAL USAGE OF VARIOUS GLASS
AND GLAZING

Double or triple glazing

Also known as IGUs, Insulated Glass Units can
deliver better energy performance for all climates,
especially in heated and air-conditioned homes.
PROPER USAGE OF
GLASS & GLAZING
Selecting the Right Tools

For Double Glazing

Use low emittance glass

Type of Glazing Putty

THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!