Name: Arianne Joy P.

Dosano Score: _______________

Group #: Date: February 2, 2023

ACTIVITY 2
HOUSEHOLD POISONS
Most poison exposures occur at home and it is important to be aware of these potential
poisons. Children are most at risk for poison exposures from household products, as they
do not have the ability to distinguish between safe and unsafe things that look very similar.
Although children are most at risk, this is an issue that can affect anyone (IWK Health
Center).

Objective:
At the end of the laboratory activity, the students should be able to:
1. identify and list different household poisons
2. discuss the properties, uses, toxic effects and antidotes of the household poisons

Activity:
1. List 10 household poisons and provide the following information:

a. Chemical/physical properties:

b. Uses:

c. Toxic effects:

d. Antidote:

HOUSEHOLD CHEMICAL/ USES TOXIC ANTIDOTE

POISONS PHYSICAL EFFECTS
PROPERTIES

1. Paints Color, layer Paint is used Headache, Not available or

thickness, layer as a barrier Irritation of necessary
sequence, surface against the eyes, nose
features, layer elements and and throat,

Clinical Toxicology
 features, pollutants, to embellish, nausea,
and weathering are safeguard, trouble
examples of physical and extend breathing
properties. Among the life of and feeling
the chemical natural and dizzy.
components are manufactured
additives, polymers, materials.
and pigments.

2. Air More than 100 In order to For those Not available or

fresheners distinct chemicals, create a who are necessary
including ethanol, comfortable sensitive,
formaldehyde, home these side
benzene, toluene, atmosphere, effects may
and xylene, as well air fresheners include
as semi-volatile are made to migraine
organic compounds add aroma to headaches,
(terpenes like the air or to asthma
limonene, alpha- cover up attacks,
pinene, and beta- odors. breathing
pinene) and and
terpenoids like respiratory
linalool and alpha- issues,
terpineol, are rashes, and
released by air neurological
fresheners (such as issues.
phthalates). Physical
properties are solid
to gas.

3. Mothballs Naphthalene is a Wool and Naphthalen charcoal that

solid that ranges in other natural e inhalation has been
color from white to fiber garments can result in activated to stop

Clinical Toxicology
 brown crystals. The and textiles skin and the poison from
smell of naphthalene can be used eye being absorbed
is distinctly fragrant. to manage irritation, by the digestive
0.087 mmHg is the moths, digestive system. Support
vapor pressure1. silverfish, and issues for breathing
The partition other fiber including and the airways,
coefficient of octanol pests. nausea, especially
to water is 3.29 (log vomiting, oxygen.
Kow). abdominal
pain, and
diarrhea,
neurological
issues like
confusion
and
convulsions,
renal issues
like acute
renal
shutdown,
and
hematologic
symptoms
like icterus
and severe
anemia.

4. Muriatic Muriatic acid has an Muriatic acid Severe Emetics and

Acid offensive odor and is has a variety burns are gastric lavage
a transparent, flaring of purposes, caused by are not
liquid. With water, it such as: skin recommended
is fully miscible. contact; as treatments. If
Working with
Extreme heat will repeated or the patient is

Clinical Toxicology
 result from the raw leather. sustained seen within 30
reaction when skin minutes of
Rust or iron
combined with water. exposure intake, the acid
removal from
Always agitate the results in should be
steel.
mixture while adding dermatitis. rapidly
little amounts of acid Removing the When neutralized or
to large volumes of pearls' shells. consumed, diluted in place
water to let the heat muriatic by delivering
escape. domestic acid can one-fourth liter
cleaning affect of water, milk,
(basements mucosal milk of
and toilets membranes magnesia, lime
with mineral and result in water, soap
stains) permanent suds, or
damage. aluminum
brick cleaning
Repeated or hydroxide gel.
Removing extended
clogs from exposure to
drains. corrosive
substances
or fumes
can also
disrupt the
digestive
system.

5. Acetone Acetone is a Acetone is a For a brief Since there is

colorless, flammable liquid solvent period of no cure for
liquid with a fruity that can time, acetone
aroma and a strong, disintegrate acetone can poisoning,
slightly sweet flavor. and break irritate your medical
It entirely dissolves down other eyes, nose, intervention is
in water and is materials. throat, and primarily

Clinical Toxicology
 anticipated to Products like lungs. supportive in
evaporate from soil varnish Additionally, nature.
and water. remover, paint it can
remover, and shorten a
nail polish woman's
remover all menstrual
include cycle and
acetone. produce
Some people headaches,
produce dizziness,
plastics, disorientatio
lacquers, and n, a quicker
textiles using heartbeat,
acetone as nausea, and
well. vomiting. It
can also
have an
effect on the
blood.

6. Alcohol At room One of the Digestion According to

temperature, the most issues, liver recommendatio
majority of common prevalent illness, high ns, ethanol
alcohols are chemical blood should be
colorless liquids. molecules is pressure, administered in
Alcohols that flow alcohol. They heart the absence of
freely and have a are among the disease, fomepizole as
fruity scent include most widely and stroke. the primary
methyl, ethyl, and produced Cancer of antidote for
isopropyl. The higher organic the rectum, methanol or
alcohols—those with chemicals in liver, colon, ethylene glycol
four to ten carbon industry and mouth, poisoning 37,
atoms—are a little are utilized as throat,

Clinical Toxicology
 greasy or thick and sweeteners esophagus, 38.
have stronger fruity and in the and breast.
odors. creation of
perfumes in
addition to
serving as
important
synthesis
intermediates
for other
molecules.

7. Bleaches Strong liquid oxidizer Strong and Because Bleach itself is

sodium hypochlorite efficient bleach is easily diluted
has a greenish or disinfectants caustic, it with water, and
yellowish color. include has the sodium
Because it is the bleach. Its potential to thiosulfate can
active component of main burn or be used to
bleach, it is component, irritate your neutralize it on
frequently referred to sodium skin or surfaces,
as bleach. One atom hypochlorite, eyes. including skin (if
of sodium (Na), one kills bacteria, Metals may necessary).
atom of chlorine (Cl), fungi, and corrode (or
and one atom of viruses by "eat") as a
oxygen make up the denatureing result. It can
chemical formula the protein in produce
NaClO. (O). microorganis hazardous
ms. fumes that
Household can kill you
bleach is or cause
inexpensive, serious lung
readily damage
accessible, when

Clinical Toxicology
 and works combined
quickly. with specific
other
chemicals
or cleaners.
When
handling
this product,
exercise
extreme
caution and
attention.

8. Essential At room Essential oils Sluggishnes Nil

oils temperature, these can be s, shallow
volatile oils are applied breathing,
typically liquid and topically to the and coma
colorless. With a few skin or utilized (after large
exceptions, they in ingestion)
often have a aromatherapy,
Seizures.
distinctive odor, are a form of
liquid at ambient complementar Coughing
temperature, and y medicine that doesn't
have a density that is that uses stop,
lower than unity fragrance to choking,
(cinnamon, enhance shortness of
sassafras, and health. breath, and
vetiver). They have a wheezing.
strong optical activity
and a refractive diarrhoea,

index. vomiting, or
nausea

Clinical Toxicology
 skin
sensitivity
(skin
exposure)

eye ache,
inflammatio
n, or
redness
(eye
exposures)

9. Matches Antimony sulfide, A match is The Ingestion of

oxidizing substances fire-starting chemicals in match heads
like potassium equipment. match should be
chlorate, sulfur, or Typically, heads can treated by
charcoal are matches are harm the rinsing and
frequently found in constructed liver and spitting out any
the heads of modern from stiff kidneys leftover debris,
safety matches, and paper or little (this is drinking a little
red phosphorus wooden rare). There amount of
makes up the sticks. The is a chance water, and
striking surface. The match has a that the monitoring for
heads of nonsafety coating on swallowed dehydration if
matches typically one end that matches vomiting or
include phosphorus can ignite could cause diarrhea ensue.
sesquisulfide. when struck an inside Increasing fluid
against a burn if they intake can be
suitable were ignited used to treat
surface, recently. minor vomiting
creating They could or diarrhea at
friction. cause home.
choking, as

Clinical Toxicology
 can most
tiny things.
Call 911
and seek
immediate
assistance
in these
situations.

10. Petroleum Chemically, Transportation Skin The poison

petroleum is mostly fuels, heating irritation, gasoline has no
composed of and electricity- eye cure. Support
hydrogen and generating irritation, for
carbon, but it also fuel oils, headaches, cardiovascular
contains tiny asphalt and nausea, and respiratory
amounts of metals road oil, and disorientatio systems is part
including vanadium, the raw n, and even of the treatment.
cobalt, and nickel as materials death are
well as small used to create examples of
amounts of oxygen, the chemicals, negative
nitrogen, and sulfur. polymers, and health
Alkanes (paraffins), synthetic impacts (2).
naphthenes, materials that Petroleum
aromatics, and are present in is widely
heterocompounds almost used,
are examples of everything we therefore
typical organic use are all accidental
compounds. examples of acute
petroleum discharges
products. can happen
just about
anyplace.

Clinical Toxicology
Review Questions:

1. Define poison

- A substance that, typically, kills, harms, or damages an organism by its chemical

effect. When introduced or absorbed, it has the power to make a living thing sick

or kill it.

2. What are the most common types of exposures in children? In adults?

- The most common types of exposures in children are medical devices, cleaning

agents, Combustion-related products through inhalation, direct contact and

ingestion.

- The most common types of exposures in adults are solvents, cleaning agents,

Combustion-related products and pesticides through clothing, skin, hair and tools.

3. Discuss safety tips to prevent poison exposure.

- All household goods should be kept in their original containers. Never use cups,

bottles, or other household items that are typically used for food in place of the

original containers.

- Chemicals should be stored safely. Cleaners, insecticides, and medications

should be kept in high cabinets or compartments with child-proof locks.

- Do not combine chemicals. Chemical mixtures can occasionally be lethal. For

instance, hazardous fumes can be produced when mixing bleach and ammonia.

- Make sure the lid is snug and secure before storing any medications, cleaning

products, or chemicals.

- Inform your kids about the risks. Children must understand that household

chemicals and pesticides should never be handled, much less consumed.

Clinical Toxicology
 - Always read the label on prescription medications. When administering

medications to children, pay great attention to the directions.

- Get rid of old medications. Get rid of prescription and over-the-counter

medications, vitamins, and supplements that are unused, unnecessary, or

expired. Before discarding them, combine them with kitten litter or coffee

grounds.

- Never refer to medication as "candy". No matter how much you want your

children to take their medication, refrain from making it sound appealing by

calling it candy. This can encourage children to take risky medications on their

own.

- After use, store all medications, household products, and chemicals. When you're

finished with it, store it somewhere secure. Never, even for a little period of time,

leave medications or chemicals outside.

Source:

https://www.factstoaction.org/common-exposures.html

https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/about/exposure.htm

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/poison#:~:text=son%20%CB%88p%C8%AFiz

%2D%E1%B5%8An-,%3A%20a%20substance%20that%20through%20its%20chemical

%20action%20usually%20kills%2C%20injures,2%20of%203%20transitive%20verb

https://www.gohealthuc.com/library/9-essential-tips-preventing-accidental-poisoning-home

https://raisingchildren.net.au/babies/safety/poisons/household-poisons

Clinical Toxicology
Clinical Toxicology