FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTEMENT OF SCIENCE ELECTRICAL AND CONTROL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL DRIVES I

REPORT ON
SINGLE PHASE SELF-EXCITED DC MOTOR DRIVES
BY
KABANGA MVIDIA ELIE
20/844/BSEE-S

SUPERVISED BY

Engineer KALYAKOLO UMAR

REPORT SUBMITTED TO Engineer KALYAKOLO UMAR

JANUARY 2023

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES 3
INTRODUCTION 4

CHAPTER ONE: SELF-EXCITED DC MOTOR 4

1.1 TYPES OF SELF-EXCITED DC MOTOR 5

1.1.1 The Equivalent Circuit of a Self-excited DC Motor 6

1.2 SINGLE PHASE SELF-EXCITED DC MOTOR DRIVES. 6

1.2.1 Single Phase Converter Drives for DC Series Motors: 6

1.2.2 Single Phase Semi Converter Drive connected to DC Series Motors 7

1.2.3 Single Phase full converter drive connected to a DC series motor 9

1.3. CONCLUSION 11

1.3.1 REFERENCES 11

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Basic types of self-excited D.C machines: (a) shunt excited machine, (b) series
excited machine, and (c) short-shunt compound machine. 5
Figure 2 Compound D.C motor: Long-shunt type. 5
Figure 3 (a) Compound motor field windings, (b) Differential compound, and (c) Cumulative
compound……………………………………………………………………………………...6
Figure 4 DC Series motor Power circuit 7
Figure 5 Power circuit of a Series motor connected to a Semi Controlled converter8
Figure 6 DC Series motor Semi Converter waveforms in continuous current operation 8
Figure 7 Torque Speed Characteristics of a DC Series motor controlled by a Single phase
Semi converter 9
Figure 8 Power circuit of a Series motor connected to a fully controlled converter 9
Figure 9 DC Series motor Full converter waveforms in continuous current operation. 10
Figure 10 Torque Speed characteristics of a Series motor connected to a fully controlled
converter 10

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Introduction
As we have seen previously for a separately excited DC motor drives, we have explained and
showed thoroughly the reason why these machines and electronics components are used
together. A dc motor can run under differents conditions in order to fulfil specific tasks. But
one important aspect that we have added in considering the working of dc machines is when
these ones are required to work under more advanced and specific conditions, for instance, at
which angle do we want our motor to run ? The variability of the speed of the machine is also
one of the thing that we need to consider. All these requirements cannot be achieved by using
only a dc machine, we need extra components that can help us achieve perfectly what we
want. Thus, we use Electric drives. Knowing that motors are used as prime movers for our
drives, another crucial thing which need to be taken into consideration is the differents types
of tasks we will be achieving. We will automatically need also specific dc machines since we
have many of them. That’s why in this section our purpose will be of showing, and discussing
into depths the main informations that we need to know in Single phase Self- excited dc
motor drives.

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Chapter one: SELF-EXCITED DC MOTOR
1.1 Types of Self-Excited Dc Motor

In the self-excited d.c. motor, the field winding can be connected in two different ways, the
field winding may be connected across the armature (i.e. in shunt), resulting in a shunt motor
(Fig.1(a)) or the field winding may be connected in series with the armature (Fig.1(b))
resulting in a series d.c. motor.

Fig.1 Basic types of self-excited D.C machines: (a) shunt excited machine, (b) series excited
machine, and (c) short-shunt compound machine.

These two basic circuits may be connected in such manners to form other types of motors
called compound motors that contains both the shunt and series fields as shown in Fig.1(c). If
the shunt winding is connected across the armature, it is known as short-shunt motor
(Fig.1(c)). In an alternative connection, the shunt winding is connected across the series
connection of armature and series winding, and the machine is known as long-shunt motor
(Fig.2). Both shunt field winding and series field winding are practically wound on the same
pole.

Fig.2. Compound D.C motor: Long-shunt type.

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In a compound wound D.C motor the shunt field is normally stronger than the series field
(i.e., has more ampere-turns). Compound motor are also be of two types namely, cumulative
compound wound motor and differential compound wound motor. Cumulative compound
motor is one in which the field windings are connected in such a way that the shunt winding
flux φsh and the series winding flux φs are produced in the same direction so that they add
together as shown in Fig.3(b).

Fig.3 (a) Compound motor field windings, (b) Differential compound, and (c) Cumulative
compound.
On the other hand, the differential compound wound motor is one in which the field windings
are connected in such a way that the series winding flux φs opposes the shunt winding flux
φsh and weakens it, as illustrated in Fig.4(c).
1.1. 1 The Equivalent Circuit of a Self-excited DC Motor

1.2 SINGLE PHASE SELF-EXCITED DC MOTOR DRIVES

1.2.1 Single Phase Converter Drives for DC Series Motors

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Figure below shows the scheme of a basic single phase speed control circuit connected to a
DC series motor. As shown the field circuit is connected in series with the armature and the
motor terminal voltage is controlled by a semi or a full converter.

 Series motors are particularly suitable for applications that require a high starting
torque such as cranes hoists, elevators, vehicles etc.
 Inherently series motors can provide constant power and are therefore particularly
suitable for traction drives.
 Speed control is very difficult with the series motor because any change in load
current will immediately reflect in the speed change and hence for all speed control
requirements separately excited motors will be used.

Fig. 4 DC Series motor Power circuit

In the figure the armature resistance Ra and Inductance La are shown along with the field
resistance and inductance. The basic DC series motor equations are given below again for
ease of reference

1.2.2 Single Phase Semi Converter Drive connected to DC Series Motors

The figure below shows the power circuit of a single phase semi converter controlled DC
series motor.

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 Fig 5 Power circuit of a Series motor connected to a Semi Controlled converter
Current and voltage waveforms for continuous motor armature current are shown in the
figure below. When SCR is triggered at a firing angle α the current flows during the period α
to (π + α) for continuous conduction. In separately excited motors a large Back EMF
is always present even when the armature current is absent. This back EMF Eb tends to
oppose the motor current and so the motor current decays rapidly. This leads to discontinuous
motor current over a wide range of operations. Whereas in series motors the back EMF is
proportional to the armature current and so Eb decreases as Ia decreases. So the motor current
tends to be continuous over a wide range of operations. Only at high speed and low current is
the motor current is likely to become discontinuous. Like in earlier semi converters
Freewheeling diode is connected across the converter output as shown in the figure above.
Freewheeling action takes place during the interval π to (π + α) in continuous current

operation.
Fig. 6 DC Series motor Semi Converter waveforms in continuous current operation.

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In phase controlled converters for Series motors, the current is mostly continuous and the
motor terminal voltage can be written as

Ea = Em/π (1 + cos α) = IaRa + Eb

= IaRa + Kaf. Ia. ω

Hence from the above equation the average speed can be written as

The torque Speed characteristics under the assumption of continuous and ripple free current
flow are shown in the figure below for different firing angles α.

Fig 7 Torque Speed Characteristics of a DC Series motor controlled by a

Single phase Semi converter
1.2.2 Single Phase full converter drive connected to a DC series motor
The figure below shows the power circuit of a single phase fully controlled converter
connected to a DC series motor.

Fig.8 Power circuit of a Series motor connected to a fully controlled converter

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Thyristors T1 & T3 are simultaneously triggered at α and T2 & T4 are simultaneously
triggered at (π + α).Current and voltage waveforms for continuous motor armature current are
shown in the figure below. When SCR is triggered at a firing angle α the current flows during
the period α to (π + α) for continuous conduction.

Fig.9 DC Series motor Full converter waveforms in continuous current operation.

The torque Speed characteristics under the assumption of continuous and ripple free current
flow are shown in the figure below for different firing angles α.

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 Fig 10 Torque Speed characteristics of a Series motor connected to a fully controlled
converter

1.3.1 CONCLUSION
Many applications required precise speed control as in textile and spinning and weaving
industries, also some applications required very precise position adjustments (as in robotics).
Electric trains require smooth speed control as well as the electric cars. In all these industrial
applications D.C. motors drives are used since they provide smooth and precise speed control
as compared with A.C. motors.
1.3.2 REFERENCES
 Book on Power Electronics and Drives : chapter eleven, DC DRIVES: DC
MACHINES REVIEW
 Syllabus of Electrical Drives. Lectures notes for (IV Year – I SEM)
 Article on DC and AC Drives.

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