Nombre del estudiante:

Amisaday Rueda González.

Matricula:

620107795.

Nombre del trabajo:

Vocabulario.

Materia:

Ingles de la práctica clínica.

Fecha de entrega:

10– Marzo – 2023.

Campus:

Villahermosa.

Carrera:

Medicina.

Nombre del docente:

Raúl Gerardo Ferreiro Payró.

 English medical terms
Cardiorespiratory
Aphonia: Loss of voice.

Apnea: Temporary or permanent suspension of the respiratory act.

Arrhythmia: Alteration of heart rate, either increased, decreased, or irregularity.

Bradypnea: Decrease of number of breaths per minute.

Bradycardia: Decrease of number of cardiac contractions per minute.

Cardiopathy: Any heart disease.

Cyanosis: Bluish or purplish skin coloration and mucous membranes.

Dysphonia: Symptom that denotes any voice alteration.

Dyspnea: Subjective sensation of air lack, difficult breathing.

Exertional dyspnea: Difficult breathing when do any exercise or physical

exertion.

Paroxysmal dyspnea: Sudden dyspnea episodes during sleep that awaken the

patient.

Precordial pain: Painful, oppressive sensation, located in the left anterior thorax

Pleural pain: Acute chest pain secondary to pleural irritation, which increases

with exercise, coughing or deep breathing.

Chest pain: Localized pain in some chest area.

Endocarditis: Endocardium Inflammation.

Epistaxis: Nostrils bleeding.

Sputum: Secretion or phlegm that is produced in the lower respiratory tract and

is expelled through coughing.

Rales: Abnormal sounds coming from the small caliber bronchi and pulmonary
alveoli.

Sneezing: Expulsion of air at high speed through the mouth and nose, secondary

to nasal mucosa irritation.

Hemoptysis: Blood expulsion or blood-tinged sputum through coughing.

Orthopnea: Difficult breathing that occurs in decubitus.

Platypnea: Difficult breathing that occurs standing up.

Rhinorrhea: Flow or emission of fluid from the nose.

Cough: Spasmodic expulsion of air at high speed through the mouth from the

lower respiratory tract.

Genitoutinary
Micturition: Emission, urine excretion.

Dysuria: Painful or difficult emission with a burning sensation when urinating.

Micturition urgency: Imperious, indispensable and prompt need of urine

emission.

Pollakiuria: Increased urinary frequency, without in creased urine output.

Nocturia: Increased frequency of urination that predominates at night.

Pushing: Sensation of constriction in the neck of the bladder that is

accompanied by incessant desires to urinate or evacuate the belly, with few or

no evacuations.

Tenesmus: Continuous, painful and ineffective desire to urinate or defecate.

Hesitant micturition: Delay in the onset of micturition, which decreases the

caliber and force of the urinary stream when the bladder muscle becomes

fatigued, requiring micturition effort.

Terminal drip: Urinary drip at the end of urination.

Strangury: Slow and painful urination due to spasm of the urethral and bladder

muscles.

Enuresis: Voluntary, repetitive urine elimination that usually occurs at night and

predominates in preschool.

Pneumaturia: Emission of air or gas when urinating.

Urinary retention: Partial or total inability to empty the bladder.
Glycosuria: Sugars like glucose in urine indicates diabetes mellitus or other

diseases.

Hematuria: Presence of macroscopic blood in the urine.

Erythrocyturia: Presence of blood in the urine that can only be seen under a

microscope in the urinary sediment.

Pyuria: Presence of pus in the urine, which gives it a cloudy appearance.

Leukocyturia: Presence of piocytes or leukocytes in urinary sediment.

Bacteriuria: Presence of bacteria in urine.

Chyluria: Presence of chyle or lymphatic fluid in urine, giving it a milky

appearance.

Proteinuria: Presence of protein in urine.

Cystinuria: Presence of cystine crystals in urine.

Hypercalciuria: High levels of calcium in urine.

Hyperoxaluria: High levels of oxalate in urine.

Phosphaturia: Elevation of calcium phosphate and magnesium ammonium in

urine.

Hyperuricosuria: Elevation of uric acid in urine.

Lipiduria: Presence of fats in urine.

Coluria: Dark coloration of urine, caused by the presence of bile pigments.

Anuria: Absence of urine excretion due to impaired renal function

Oliguria: Low urine excretion, less than 400ml/day.

Polyuria: Increased urinary volume, greater than 1500-2000 ml/day.

Eyes
Accommodation: Faculty that the eye has to focus on the retina images located

at different distances. This function is carried out by the crystalline lens, altering

its shape through the action of the ciliary muscle.

Ametropia: Refractive error which the eye, in a state of rest, does not focus the
image of the object on the retina. Includes hypermetropia, myopia and

astigmatism.

Aniridia: Ocular alteration characterized by: partial or subtotal absence of the

iris.

Anisocoria: Disease that produces a difference in the size of the pupils (the

average size of these is 3-4 mm.).

Anophthalmia: Congenital absence of the eyeballs.

Astigmatism: Refractive error, almost always due to a corneal irregularity which

the image is projected in a distorted way due to the variable refractive power of

the different axes of the cornea.

Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids associated with stinging, redness,

tearing, in addition to the sensation of a foreign body.

Anterior chamber: Space filled with aqueous humor, located in the anterior

portion of the eye, limited anteriorly by the cornea and posteriorly by the iris.

Posterior chamber: Space filled with aqueous humor located between the

anterior part of the lens and the posterior part of the iris.

Visual Field (VF): The space which a person can see when the eyes are fixedly
looking at an object in the direct line of sight, including all indirect or peripheral

vision.

Edge: Angle in any final portion of the palpebral opening, known as external

(temporal) or internal (nasal).

Cataract: Eye disease produced by total or partial loss of the transparency of the

lens, and which causes loss of visual acuity.

Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Convergence: The act of turning the eyes inward as occurs when looking at a

very close object.

Dacryocystis: Inflammation of the lacrimal sac.

Color blindness: Congenital abnormality of color perception.

Diplopia: Double vision of and object.

Ectropion: Outward eversion of the free edge of the eyelids, treatable with

surgery with good results.

Endophtalmia: Inflammation of the internal tissues of the eyeball, caused by the

presence of germs inside.

Enophthalmos: Abnormal backward displacement of the eyeball.

Entropion: Inversion (inward) of the free edge of the eyelids.

Epiphora: Considerable increase in tearing due to a malfunction of the lacrimal

gland or lacrimal duct.

Scotoma: Blind or partially blind area in the visual field.

Endotropia: Tendency of the eye to turn inward, toward the midline.

Exotropia: Manifest deviation of the eye outwards.

Strabismus: Derivation of one eye from its normal direction.

Exophthalmos: Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball.

Photophobia: Pain caused by exposure to light.

Photopsia: Subjective sensation of light, generally in the form of bursts or sparks.

Phosphenes: Subjective luminous sensation, in the form of luminous spots.

Hemianopsia: Blindness in half of the visual field of one or both eyes, receiving

different names depending on the location, which can be: right, left, binasal,

bitemporal, altitudinal. When it affects a quadrant sector, it is called

quadrantanopia.

Hypermetropia: Refractive error which, because the eyeball is small or the

refractive power of the lens is weak, the point of focus for light rays from distant

objects.

Myopia: Defective vision at great distances.

Nystagmus: Rapid and involuntary movement of the eyeball; it can be back and
forth, top to bottom, rotary, or a mix of all of these.

Sty: Acute inflammation of the sebaceous gland at the end of the eyelid, due to

infection, which normally causes pus.

Polycoria: Existence of more than one pupil in one eye.

Pterigion: Triangular fold of tissue that extends from the bulbar conjunctiva to

the cornea, invading it very slowly, and requiring surgical removal; usually occurs
at the internal angle.

Ptosis: Drooping of the upper eyelid that can cause vision difficulties by

narrowing the palpebral fissure.

Keratitis: Cornea Inflammation.

Synechia: Adhesion of the iris to the cornea (anterior synechia) or of the iris to

the lens (posterior synechia).

Hearing
Tinnitus: Acoustic hallucination, subjective noises (buzzing).

Tinnitus*: Subjective sensation of ringing.

Otalgia: Ear pain.

Otodynia: Painful sensation when referred to the ear but comes from structures

close to it and not from the ear itself.

Otitis: Inflammation that affects the ear.

Otoneuralgia: Neuralgic pain in the ear.

Otorrhea: Exit of purulent secretion through the external auditory canal.

Otorrhagia: Bleeding from the ear. Exit of blood secretion through the external

auditory canal.

Anacusia: Loss or absence of hearing acuity. Total deafness.

Hearing loss: Decreased hearing sensitivity.

Hyperacusis: Increased hearing sensitivity.

Otopathy: Any disease or condition of the ear.
Ototoxicity: Condition of the substance that produces histological and/or

functional alterations.

Paracusia: Alteration in the perception of sounds which the intensity, pitch, or

location of sounds are perceived incorrectly.

Presbycusis: Progressive and symmetrical loss of hearing acuity, which occurs

over the years.

Smell
Hyposmia: Weak or decreased sense of smell.

Anosmia: Lack or abolition of the sense of smell.

Hyperosmia: Abnormally exaggerated sensitivity of the sense of smell.

Cacosmia: Perversion of the sense of smell. Foul perception of unpleasant

odors.

Parosmia: Olfactory hallucination.

Rhinorrhea: Exit of hyaline secretion through the nostrils.

Nasal congestion: Sensation of nasal obstruction due to inflammation of the

nasal mucosa.

Epistaxis: Exit of blood secretion through nostrils.

Dysosmia: Distorted sense of smell.

Taste
Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums.

Gingivorrhagia: Bleeding from the gums.

Glossitis: Inflammation of the tongue.

Stomatitis: Inflammation of the lining of the mouth.

Canker sores: Small vesicle, white ulceration of the mucosa of the mouth.

Ageusia: Absence of the sense of taste.

Dysgeusia: Distortion of the sense of taste.

Parageusia: Distorted perception of flavors.

Hypogeusia: Decreased sensitivity to taste.

Digestive system
Odynophagia: Pain on swallowing.
Dysphagia: Difficult swallowing.

Polyphagia: Abnormal increase in the need to eat.

Polydipsia: Abnormally increased thirst.

Postprandial: Taking place after a meal.

Esophagitis: Esophagus inflammation.

Gastroesophageal eflux: Return of gastric contents through the diaphragmatic

hiatus into the esophagus.

Duodenogastric reflux: Return of duodenal contents into the gastric cavity.

Heartburn: retrosternal burning sensation of esophageal origin, accompanied by

belching or regurgitation.

Regurgitation: Return to the mouth of one or two mouthfuls of food.

Gagging: Respiratory spasmodic movements with the glottis closed accompanied

by the forced contraction of the respiratory and abdominal musculature, without

presenting expulsion of gastric contents.

Nausea: Desire to want to vomit.

Vomiting: Oral expulsion of gastric contents associated with the contraction of

the abdominal and thoracic muscles.

Projectile vomiting: Violent vomiting which is not preceded by nausea.

Halitosis: Bad breath from the exhaled and oral air.

Ptyalism: Constant expulsion of saliva through the mouth.

Abdominal distension: Increase in abdominal volume due to distension of its

wall due to the dilation of intestinal loops, due to the presence of gases, liquids

and intraabdominal masses.

Colitis: Colon inflammation.
Cholecystitis: Gallbladder inflammation.

Cholestasis: Stopping or suppressing flow of bile.

Duodenitis: Duodenum inflammation.

Appendicitis: Ileocecal appendix inflammation.

Splenomegaly: Increase in the volume of the spleen.

Ascites: Presence and accumulation of free fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Dyspepsia: Pain or a feeling of fullness in the upper abdomen.

Abdominal pain: Painful sensation of intra-abdominal origin.

Flatulence or meteorism: Expulsion of gases through the anus.

Constipation: State which the evacuation of the colon is delayed.

Anorexia: Total lack of appetite.

Hyporexia: Decreased appetite.

Diarrhea: Is the increase in the frequency and consistency of fecal feces.

Steatorrhea: Is the fat content in feces.

Pancreatitis: Pancreas inflammation.

Myxorrhea: Stools with mucus.

Melena: Evacuation of stools with digested blood, blackish in color.

Hematochezia: Evacuation with blood from the lower digestive tract, red in color.

Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver.

Hematemesis: Vomiting of fresh blood.

Bruxism: Teeth grinding during sleep.

Push: Effort to evacuate.

Rectal tenesmus: False desire to evacuate, it may be impossible to do so, or with

an insignificant amount.

Hepatic steatosis or fatty liver: Abnormal accumulation of fat, usually in the

form of triglycerides.

Paralytic ileus: Impaired intestinal motility due to smooth muscle paralysis.

Intestinal volvulus: Twisting of a loop of intestine on its axis.

Rectal bleeding: Fresh blood from the rectum.

Collateral venous circulation: Collateral venous network: reflected in the

abdomen by portal hypertension and dilated veins through the abdominal wall.

Rumbling: Audible intestinal peristalsis.

Jaundice: Yellowish tint of integuments or mucous membranes due to increased

bilirubin.

Acholia: Absence of bile secretion.

Gastritis: Acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

Dysmotility: Impaired bowel movements.

Peristalsis: Gastrointestinal functional capacity to generate waves of propulsive

movement for gastrointestinal transit.

Diverticulum: Invagination of the intestinal wall.

Musculoskeletal
Lumbago: Lower back pain.
Phlogosis: Joint inflammation.

Scoliosis: Lateral deviation of the spine.

Scoliosis: Lateral curvature of the spine

Retrolisthesis: Consists in the backward displacement of a vertebra with respect

to the immediate inferior one.

Syndesmosis: It is an ossification that, starting from a vertebral angle or from

the anterior or lateral aspects of the vertebral body, goes towards the adjacent

vertebra, being able to form a rectilinear or curved bridge.

Osteoarthritis: Destruction of articular cartilage and overgrowth of marginal and

subchondral cartilage.

Genitals
Cryptorchidism: Absence of one or both testicles in the corresponding scrotal
bag due to lack of descent.

Phimosis: Elongation of the foreskin with a narrow opening that prevents the

glans from being discovered.

Hydrocele: Is the accumulation of fluid in the vaginal tunic that surrounds the

testicle.

Hematocele: Accumulation of blood in the form of a cyst inside the tunica

vaginalis of the scrotum.

Aspermia: Inability to ejaculate.

Spermatorrhea: Is the continuous excretion of semen, without erection or

pleasure.

Gynecomastia: Breast enlargement in the male.

Priapism: Is an abnormally sustained erection, which is not accompanied by

sexual desire.

Balanitis: Localized inflammation at the glans level.

Phimosis: Anomaly of the foreskin that does not allow the glans to be

discovered.

Paraphimosis: Penis strangulation by a phimotic ring.

Hypospadias: Deformity which the meatus occupies the underside of the penis

or the perineum.

Epispadia: Presence of the urethral meatus on the dorsal or upper side of the

penis.

Varicocele: Insufficient Spermatic Vein Syndrome.

Hydrocele: Collection of a large amount of water in the scrotum.

Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis.

Orchiepididymitis: Simultaneous inflammation of the testicle and epididymis.

Anorchia: Congenital absence of both testicles.

Menarche: It is the first menstruation.

Menopause: Permanent cessation of menstruation.

Climacteric: Set of objective and subjective manifestations of physiological

hormonal decline.

Dyspareunia: Pain during intercourse.

Amenorrhea: Absence of menstruation for at least 90 days.

Menorrhagia: Excessive or prolonged bleeding but at regular intervals.

Polymenorrhea: Increased frequency of menstruation. Occur less than 21

days.

Oligomenorrhea: Decrease in the frequency of menstruation. They occur more

frequently than 35 days.

Metrorrhagia: Bleeding between cycles.

Menometrorrhagia: Prolonged or excessive bleeding both during menstruation

and at irregular intervals.

Dysmenorrhea: Pelvic pain that occurs during menstruation.

Endometriosis: Presence of stroma or endometrial glands outside the

endometrial lining.

Urinary
Urinary incontinence: Involuntary loss of urine.

Dysuria: Painful or burning urination may be initial or terminal.

Urinary urgency: It is the sudden, compelling and frequently urgent desire to

urinate.

Nocturia: Is the nocturnal frequency of urination.

Pushing: The voluntary elevation of intra-abdominal pressure to improve bladder

emptying.

Bladder tenesmus: Subjective sensation of lack of complete bladder emptying.

Hematuria: Presence of blood in the urine.

Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder.
Prostatitis: Prostate inflammation.

Urethritis: Urethra inflammation.

Epididymitis: Inflammation, pain and edema of the epididymis.

Polyuria: Increased amount of urine emitted in 24 hours.

Oliguria: Decreased amount of urine in 24 hours.

Anuria: Absence of urination

Pollakiuria: Is infrequent and scanty urination, without there being an alteration

in the overall daily volume of urine.

Enuresis: Daytime or nighttime incontinence.