Citation & Reference

What is CITATION ?
What is CITATION?

The way you tell your

readers that certain
material in your work
came from another source.
(Iparadigms, n.d.)
Why should
I cite source?
✤ It’s ethical to give credit to
creator of work.

✤ To re-check your ideas, this

can strengthen your work.

✤ It’s good for reader who

would like to find out more
ideas of your work.
What is
Plagiarism ?
What is Plagiarism?
Passing off someone else’s ideas
and information as your own
without giving credit.

by woodleywonderworks on Flickr

Citing sources is the way

to use other’s work
without Plagiarism!
 Flickr
Pixabay
Morguefile
When do
I need to write

citation ?
When do I need to cite?


✤ whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed.
✤ whenever you make specific reference to the work of another.
✤ whenever someone else's work has been critical in developing your
own ideas.
1 2 3 ...

In-Text Citation &

Reference
In-Text Citations
✤ (Name, Year) (Anker, 2007)

✤ Number [1]
✤ Footnotes
1 2 3 ...

In-Text Citation &

Reference
Reference
Reference
✤ Information about the author (Name)
✤ The title of the work
✤ The name of publisher
✤ The date it was published
✤ The page numbers of content
✤ Volume number, Issue Number (for Journal/ Magazine)
✤ The URL of website
✤ DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of Journal article
✤ doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.050
Reference List
VS Bibliography 


Reference List
✤ consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper,
listed alphabetically by author’s surname.

Bibliography
✤ include resources that were consulted but not cited
in the text as well as an annotated description of
each one.
Formats
Formats
✤ American Psychological Associations (APA Style)
✤ The Modern Language Association (MLA Style)
✤ Chicago Style
✤ American Medical Association (AMA Style)
✤ Vancouver Style
Etc…
American Psychological Associations (APA Style)

APA citation style refers to the rules and

conventions established by the American
Psychological Association for documenting
sources used in a research paper. APA style
requires both in-text citations and a reference
list. (American Psychological Association, 2013)
1 2 3 ...

In-Text Citation &

Reference
In-Text Citations
✤ In-text citations consist of the
surname(s) of the author(s) and the
year of publication.

✤ If there is no author, use the title.

✤ If there is no date, use “n.d.” instead.

(American Psychological Association, n.d.)
In-Text Citations (APA style)
✤ A primary focus of research in nutritional biochemistry is the
scientific establishment of optimal dietary intakes (Dietary Reference
Intakes or DRIs) for every nutrient and food component throughout
the life cycle (Thomas & Earl, 1994).

✤ Thomas and Earl (1994)stated that primary focus of research in

nutritional biochemistry is the scientific establishment of optimal
dietary intakes (Dietary Reference Intakes or DRIs) for every nutrient
and food component throughout the life cycle.
Reference (APA Style)
Book
Last name, F. M. (Year). Book. City: Publisher.

Rowling, J.K. (2001). Harry Potter and the sorcerer's

____stone. London: Bloomsburg Children's.
Journal article
Last name, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title,
____Volume (issue), pages. doi:xxxxxx

Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.

Dai, J., Chen, R., Meng, X., Yang, C., Zhao, Z., & Kan, H. (2015). Ambient
___air pollution. Environmental Pollution, 203, 116–121. http://doi.org/
___10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.050
Website
Last name, F. M. (date). Title of document.
____Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA Style.

Retrieved from http://www.apastyle.org/index.aspx
References (APA Style)
American Psychological Association (Ed.). (2013). Publication
____manual of the American Psychological Association (6. ed., 7.
____print). Washington, DC: American Psychological Assoc.

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA Style. Retrieved

____from http://www.apastyle.org/index.aspx

Anker, S. (2007). Real Writing. Boston: Bedford.

IParadigms. (n.d.). What’s a citation? Retrieved from

____http://www.plagiarism.org/citing-sources/whats-a-citation/

Thomas, Paul R., & Robert Earl, eds.(1994). Opportunities in the

____Nutrition and Food Sciences. Washington, D.C.: National
____Academy Press.
How to write
Citation ?
✤ Manual

✤ Reference Manager Software

✦ Endnote
✦ Microsoft Word (References)
✦ Zotero
✦ RefMe
Did you know?

ISBN - International Standard Book Number

10 0r 13 digit
9780495114642

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.050