A STUDY ON CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

AUTHOR
MANIKANDAN.K
1st Year BBA. LLB(HONS)
132202100
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCE (SIMATS)
Chennai-600077
Email id –manikandan934577@gmail.com
Phone no : 9345776774

CO – AUTHOR
DR.N.SOFIA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCE (SIMATS)
Chennai – 600077
Email id - sofian@saveetha.com
Phone no : 9600843486
 A STUDY ON CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

AUTHOR: MANIKANDAN.K
CO – AUTHOR: DR. SOBHA JASMINE

ABSTRACT:

An important area of research in economics is the connection between unemployment

and the size of the government. Contrary to the notion that significant public spending would
aid in lowering unemployment, it has been accused for contributing to higher unemployment.
However, more study on the subject is required because the majority of the literature to date
has been centred on statistics for industrialised nations. Using panel analysis, the current
study investigates whether there is a relationship between the states of India. Public spending
is broken down into developed, non-developed, and aggregate spending for a more thorough
analysis, while the types of unemployment taken into account are typical status and current
weekly status. Indeed, it has been found that spending on both development and non-
development causes an increase in both categories of unemployment, while the latter has a
greater effect. Further research revealed that unemployment.

KEYWORD:
Crowding out, wage rate, labour force, unemployment, and inflation.

AUTHOR: Mani Kandan.k, BBA.LLB (Hons), 132202100, 132201038 Saveetha school of

law, Saveetha institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Mobile – 9345776774
Email: manikandan934577@gmail.com.
INTRODUCTION:

Unemployment occurs in the economy when a person who is actively looking for
work is unable to find a position that suits them. Due to the rising unemployment rate, the
Indian economy is currently experiencing a significant slowdown.As a result, there is a
stagnating rate of growth and high unemployment rates due to a lack of capital equipment.
Lower economic productivity is the effect of underutilizing labour and human resources due
to unemployment. This will make the population's poverty, hunger, and decreased per capita
income even worse. However, frictional unemployment is inevitable and can exist in the
economy with an unemployment rate between two and three percent. Despite the steps the
government has taken to lower unemployment rates, the rate of unemployment in the nations.

According to Rudolf Gyan D. Mellow (1969), is "a state in which an individual is not
in a remunerative work notwithstanding his desire to do so." Reiterating their definition from
1975.Despite being initially identified in the 1950s, unemployment in India continues to be a
source of concern. Up to the first Five Year Plan was drafted in the years 1950–1951, the
Government of India took very few initiatives to create jobs during that time. To achieve the
objective of employment growth and labour force expansion, this plan established the
framework for overall and sectoral development in the medium term. The purpose of this
study is to gain more knowledge on the state of unemployment in India and the relationship
between unemployment and the GDP and inflation rate of the nation. Data from 2000 to 2019
were used in our study. Regression analysis is utilised in this study to examine the connection
between India's unemployment rate, GDP, and inflation rate. Regression analysis is a method
for identifying relationships between two or more variables. GDP and the rate of inflation are
two independent variables, whereas unemployment is a dependent variable. A linear
regression analysis is used to display the final study's findings. Using linear regression
analysis, we can quickly ascertain how India's GDP and inflation rate affect unemployment
there. GDP has a significant impact on unemployment. Lower unemployment rates in India.
After independence, the topic of employment has reverberated differently depending on the
Plan period.
It was not anticipated that unemployment would become a significant issue during the
early planning stages of development. From one Five Year Plan to the next during the 1950s
and 1960s, it was believed that labour intensive industries and a sustainable growth rate
would avoid any increase in unemployment.
 Instead of increasing at the planned rate of 5% per year, the economy grew at a slower
rate of around 3.5%, and the labour force expanded at a faster rate than employment,
doubling the number of unemployed people between 1956 and 1972 from about 5 to 10
million and raising the unemployment rate from 2.6 to 3.8%.The unemployment rate in India
in 2021 was 5.98%, down 2.02% from the previous year. The unemployment rate in India for
2020 was 8.00%, up 2.73% from the previous year. The unemployment rate in India for 2019
was 5.27%, down 0.06% from 2018. In 2018, India's unemployment rate dropped by 0.03%
from the previous year to 5.33%.

The nations on this list are ordered by unemployment rate. Countries use different
methods for calculating and presenting the unemployment rate. Some countries only include
insured unemployed people, some only include welfare recipients, some only include
disabled people and other people who are permanently jobless, some only include people who
choose (and can afford to) not work while supporting a family, some only include college
students, and so on. Additionally, there may be variations in the minimum standards, and
some may view someone as employed even if they are just tangentially connected to the
labour market (for example, working only one hour per week). [1]
There may be variations in the age restriction. For instance, Eurostat bases its calculations on
individuals aged 15 to 74.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1) To study problems of unemployment in the state.
2) To study people’s views on the reason for unemployment.
3) To study people’s knowledge to solution to reduce unemployment by ourselves.
4) To examine the knowledge of people on unemployment
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS:

Unemployment is gradually increasing not only in the state, but also in the country
level. It also affects the nation’s economic growth by decrease in national income.
Unemployment also affects a person’s standard of life and family. People should have the
correct knowledge about this unemployment to prevent themselves. So this research provides
the data about the knowledge of people on unemployment and giving them solution to live
life with better opportunities and suitable jobs

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Demodar NEPRAM et al., (2021)have conducted a study on the effect of

government expenditure on unemployment in India. A state level analysis. The data was
analysis by Panel data analysis from the available data in the state of India. The study
examined the data by the impact of government size measured by expenditure as percentage
of net state domestic product on unemployment rate of states. The sample size was 102,which
is 17 states X 6 years . The aim of the study was to examine whether large government size
leads to an increase in unemployment rate. The important finding of the study was that
unemployment was higher among states with more graduates and above. The authors
suggested that a revisiting of expenditure should not be confined to education only and call
for a kind of zero based budgeting for all sectors.
Mahendra dev and Motkuri venkatanarayana et al.,(2011)have conducted youth
employment and unemployment in India. Increase in the share of youth population due to
demographic dividend to be one of the sources of future economic growth in India. Although
with increase in school and college enrolment rates and underemployment would remain a
serious policy issue for many more years to come in India. In this context, This paper
examines the employment situation of the youth employment would remain a serious policy
many more years to come to India. This article also examines the employment and
unemployment situation of the youth in India during the last two and half decades. The paper
also offers policy recommendations for increasing productive employment and reduction in
unemployment for the youth

Indrajit Bairagya (2015) has conducted a study on the socio-economic determinants

of educated unemployment in India. As per the National Sample Survey Organisation Data,
the unemployment rate is more among the educated persons as compared to those whose
education level is lower. This paper, using different rounds of NSSO data, seeks to explore
the socio-economic and regional factors responsible for educated unemployment in India.
They found that possessing technical education by itself doesn‟t necessarily guarantee 5
employment which, in fact, questions the rationale behind the present Indian government‟s
initiative to promote technical education on a large scale. Since the number of unemployed is
higher for both the educated and uneducated people among those who are not registered with
employment exchanges, search and matching problem may also be an important reason for
educated unemployment in India. Besides, differences have been found across social groups,
gender, religions, regions and other socio-economic characteristics.
Kshitiz Maharshi et al., (2021) have made a study on Impact of MGNREGA on
unemployment and village Economic. The basic means of promoting improvement of village
economy have been to increase employment, open doors to the unemployed and under-use
human resources. A diverse training process has been put in place to meet the needs of the
poor by guaranteeing their fundamental rights and encouraging new unexpected household
developments. With its authentic cluster work and rights-based methodology, the National
Gandhi Rural Employment grants every 100 days of safe work a farm. The MGNREGA is
said to have raised and sustained the standard of people of village economy but as obvious
questions are being raised on its reality rather than paper. This research paper aims to find out
the effectiveness of the aforesaid programme on combating unemployment and improving the
soul of India i.e. villages. For these purpose 50 grampanchayats of Mandor Block of Jodhpur
District of Rajasthan state has been selected for the study and both primary data and
secondary data was collected and analysed using charts. The secondary data was collected
from the website of government that provides data about MGNREGA and tabulated
effectively to provide a conclusion about the impact of the programme and its weaknesses
along with the suggestions if required

Khem Chand et al.,(2017) have made a study on the economic growth and
unemployment rate, an Empirical study of a Indian economy. The study aims to study the
effect of economic growth on unemployment rate in India post. The study was based on
exploratory research design. The data was collect from secondary sources like newspaper and
the world bank database spssv20 was used to analysis the data. The finding of the study
stated the economic growth has negative impact on unemployment rate. The authors
concluded the study by describing the unemployment problem can be dissolved with the
inflow of direct foreign investment and economic growth.

Sirajul Haque(2013) have conducted a study on the effect of government

expenditure on unemployment in India. The data was analysis by Panel data analysis from the
available 6 data in the state of India. The study examined the data by the impact of
government size measured by expenditure as percentage of net state domestic product on
unemployment rate of states. The sample size was 102,which is 17 states X 6 years . The aim
of the study was to examine whether large government size leads to an increase in
unemployment rate. The important finding of the study was that unemployment was higher
among states with more graduates and above. The authors suggested that a revisiting of
expenditure should not be confined to education only and calls for a kind of zero based
budgeting for all sectors.
Amar Krishna (2018)has analysed the problems and solutions to unemployment in
India. Unemployment means a person willing to work but unable to find a qualified job. Our
country is facing many problems but one of the serious problems is unemployment. Many
graduates, doctors, engineers, scientists are unemployed or working underemployed.
Unemployment is a very serious issue not only in India but in the whole world. There are
hundreds and thousands of people out there who do not have employment. Besides, the
problems of unemployment are very severe in India because of the growing population and
demand for jobs. Moreover, if we neglect this problem then it will become the reason for the
doom of the nation. Unemployment refers to a situation in which a skilled and talented people
wanted to do a job. But cannot find a proper job due to several reasons. Now we know what
unemployment is but unemployment does not only mean that the person does not have a job.
Shashi Kumar(2022) has conducted a study on unemployment in India: cause,
Trends and Remedies. If a person who actively seeks employment but is unable to do so is
said to be unemployed. The level of unemployment reflects the state of the economy. The
number of jobless persons divided by the working population, or people in the labour force, is
known as the unemployment rate. The prevalence of self-employment and casual wage work
in emerging nations like India suggests that these economies are also likely to experience
jobless spells for very little periods of time in addition to the very long periods of
unemployment.
Sanjeev Bharadwaj(2018)has made a study on problems of unemployment in India
and it’s solutions. Unemployment is a serious problem that our government faces. The main
cause of unemployment is the repaid growth of populations. Since independence the
populations of India has increased by threes times its total. When people multiply, there
raises the problems of unemployment and it becomes difficult for the government to provide
7 employment to a sufficient number of people. As a matter of principle it becomes the duty
of government to provide employment to all as far as possible and we are blessed that our
government is taking keen interest to solve this series problem of today. As the growth of
populations is going unchecked, jobs and services in a given field commonly remain
insufficient. When our youths do not find employment despite their best efforts, they get
irritated and feel disappointed. India as a nation is faced with a massive problem of
unemployment. Unemployment can be defined as a state of worklessness for a man fit and
willing to work. It is a condition of involuntary and not voluntary idleness. Here, Bhardwaj
discusses the classification of unemployment
Alakh N Sharma(2022)has made a study on youth unemployment and
unemployment in India: Issues and Challenges. The issue of youth employment is a global
challenge. In India it has emerged increasingly as a daunting challenge over the years. This
paper looks into various dimensions of youth employment and unemployment in terms of
their labour market characteristics. The challenge is particularly analysed in terms of ongoing
demographic transition, regional diversities and changing patterns of labour markets. It also
provides some policy pointers to address the challenge
Iyanatul Islam (2018) has made a study on Automation and the future of
unemployment: implications for India. This article reviews the international evidence on the
impact of automation on employment and interprets the Indian experience in light of such
evidence. It argues that the apocalyptic notion that one faces large-scale technological
unemployment either in India or globally is exaggerated. On the other hand, the romantic
notion that new technology–especially in the form of on-line work–will create a new era of
prosperity in India driven by digitally-enabled micro-entrepreneurs is unlikely to materialize.
This does not mean that new employment opportunities created by digital platforms should
be shunned. They should be carefully nurtured by novel regulatory frameworks that seek to
improve wages and working conditions for the growing community of online workers in
India. This should be complemented by adequate investments in digital infrastructure
Rubee Singh (2018)has conducted a study on The cause of unemployment in current
market scenario. This paper examines the cause of unemployment in India in current market
scenario. Government is rightly concerned about creating jobs for youth and rising levels of
youth unemployment because of not pony direct economic costs but also social issues related
8 problems like as poverty, acid attacks, violence against women on her working place,
drugs, labour force, inadequate education planning, inappropriate education system, new-
liberal economic policy, various causes of poor placements. This paper also suggests some
measures to overcome these burning problems of unemployment. According to ILO & UN
Report the present unemployment rate is 3.5 percent in 2018. The paper also suggests and
recommends some points to overcome this current situation of unemployment prevailing in
India.
Satya Paul(2011) has made a study on the measurement of unemployment in
developing and developed countries. Developing and developed nations have different types
of unemployment. In developing countries, a sizable section of the population is concentrated
in rural areas, where agriculture and businesses based in it provide the majority of sources of
income. The agricultural workforce is very erratic and irregular, which causes workers to
enter and leave the workforce frequently and without their consent. With seasonal agriculture
and allied activities, rainfall patterns, and natural disasters, the level of unemployment or
underutilization of workers is likely to change. In contrast, a sizable fraction of the populace
in developed (rich) countries resides in cities, where the majority of employment is routine.
The industrialised countries, however, are defined by the tendency because of technical
advancements
R.Remya(2019)has conducted a study on the impact of economic slowdown on
unemployment. Unemployment is a negative phenomenon in any human society, as it
adversely affects in different dimensions and directions. When someone loses a job, a family
is affected. When many people lose their jobs, eventually the whole nation is affected.
Workers lose income, while the country loses production and consumer spending. With such
a strong impact, the unemployment rate is a key way to measure the state of the economy.
This paper reviews that certain fundamental measures can be taken to revive the economic
slowdown in India by raising the income levels of the working population to boost growth.
This paper is done on the basis of secondary data collected from various sources.
Unemployment and poverty goes side by side. Young people after a long time of
unemployment find the wrong way to earn money which causes social influence.
PK Chaubey (2000) has conducted a study on youth and unemployment in
perspective: The Indian context. An attempt is made in this paper to posit the issue of youth
unemployment in the overall context of labour force participation and unemployment.
Keeping in view the dimension of poverty, the paper tries to conjecture a relationship
between participation rate of a section and unemployment rate thereof. It also attempts to
examine certain explanations offered about the phenomenon of the decline in participation
rates in youth categories and offers a few new ones.
 Venkatanarayana et al.,(2011) have conducted a study on youth employment and
unemployment in India. Increase in the share of youth population due to demographic
„dividend‟ or the „youth bulge‟ seems to be one of the sources of future economic growth in
India. Although with increase in school and college enrolment rates, the proportion of youth
in the labour force has been declining, their high proportions in the labour force indicate that
the problem of youth unemployment and underemployment would remain a serious policy
issue for many more years to come in India. In this context, this paper examines the
employment and unemployment situation of the youth in India during the last two-and-half
decades viz., 1983 to 2007-08. It analyses the trends in labour force and workforce
participation rates, unemployment, joblessness, working poor, growth and employment
elasticities etc. The paper also offers policy recommendations for increasing productive
employment and reduction in unemployment for the youth. The poor employability of the
workforce would hamper the advantages due to demographic dividend if measures are not
taken to improve the educational attainment and skill development of the youth
Ajay Kumar Sharma et al., (2014) have made a study on socio-Economic status of
Indian unemployed youth. The paper aims at identifying and specifying the causes and the
state of unemployed and underemployed youth in India. Statistical analysis of historical and
current data has been done in respect to the level of employment of literate youth in India.
People who do not get jobs for their regular expense and remain unemployed for a longer
while than they expect themselves to be, face certain casualties in their normal self and
psychological behaviour. An attempt is made to compare the Indian economy with other
country‟s socio-economic status and a Survey has been done on the condition of present
unemployed youth.
Altaf Hussain padder et al.,(2021) analysed relationship between unemployment
and Economic growth in India: Granger causality Approach. The primary objective of this
study is to investigate the relationship between unemployment and economic growth in India,
with a particular focus on the impact of economic growth on unemployment from 1990 to
2020. 10 Before and after the Hedrick-Prescott filter was used to correct for non-stationarity
in the time series data used for the study, descriptive statistics, Granger causality, and the
Ordinary least squared model were used to study the impact of economic growth on
unemployment. The Granger causality test found no link between the two variables,
indicating that neither UNEMP causes GDP nor GDP causes UNEMP. The results of the
estimated regression of unemployment and economic growth as an explanatory variable, on
the other hand, exhibit that only 6 percent of the impact of economic growth on
unemployment and are inversely related to each other, while the remaining 94 per cent is
caused by other factors that are detrimentally affecting India's unemployment rate
Sapna Sugandha et al.,(2022) have made a study on Analyse The Role Of
Entrepreneurship In Solving The Unemployment In India During A Covid-19 Pandemic. The
recent pandemic situation has developed an adverse impact on different aspects of society. It
is observed that a pandemic like covid-19 can enforce a lot of changes in day-to-day life.
Entrepreneurs are an important aspect in the business markets, as they carry new innovative
ideas with them. This methodology portion of research refers to the important method of
research and primary method of research is followed in this study with quantitative analysis.
Statistical analysis of the data is also pursued with SPSS and it concludes that there is an
impact between the rate of unemployment and entrepreneurship. Lastly, few limitations are
mentioned that were found during the conduction of the research.
Shruti Nair(2020)has made a study on A Study On The Causes And Impact Of
Unemployment In India. The rate of unemployment in India has been increasing over the
years. The current paper aims to analyse the factors leading to unemployment and its impact
on the Indian economy. The study focuses on how the employment rate plays a major role in
overall development of the economy. The study makes use of secondary data sources and
focuses on the present scenario of unemployment in rural and urban areas. The paper
analyses how an increase in population, poverty, illiteracy, inflation and lack of full
employment can lead to a slowdown in the growth of the economy. The paper discusses the
problems faced by the economy due to the high rate of unemployment and recommends
strategies to improve the current status of employment in the country.

METHODOLOGY
The research method followed here is empirical research. A total of 217 samples have
been collected out of which all samples have been collected through convenient sampling
methods. The sample frame taken here is poonamalle in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The
independent variables are gender, age, Educational qualification, marital status, Employment
status, monthly income, area of residence. The dependent variables are causes of
unemployment, crisis, poverty and types of unemployment in India. The statistical tools used
here are chi square.

METHODOLOGY:
The research method followed here is descriptive research. A total number of 58
samples have been collected out of which all samples have been collected through convenient
sampling method. The sample frame taken here in public areas in and around Chennai, Tamil
Nadu. The independent variables are age, gender, educational qualification, occupation,
marital status. The dependent variables are study of unemployment in Tamil Nadu, causes,
reasons, effect and knowledge of people in it.
ANALYSIS:

TABLE 1

Age No.of.respondents Percentage 

Below 16 20%

19-25 44 55%

26-32 19 23.8%

33-39 1 1.2%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

LEGEND: The above table represents the age group of the respondents.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondents has chosen 19-25. While the minimum of
the respondents has chosen 33-39.

TABLE 2

Gender No.of.respondents Percentage 

Male 40 50%

Female 39 48.8%

Transgender 1 1.2%

Others 0 0

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

LEGEND: The above table shows the gender of the respondents.

INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondent chooses male. While the minimum of the
respondents chose others.
 TABLE 3

Occupation No.of.respondent Percentage 

Private 22 22.5%

Government  23 28.7%

Self 14 17.5%

Business  12 15%

Others 9 11.3%

Total  80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

LEGEND: The above table shows the occupation of the respondents.

INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondent chooses government occupation. While the
minimum of the respondents chosen others.
 TABLE 4

Martial status  No.of.respondent  Percentage 

Married 18 22.5%

Unmarried 48 60%

Widow 13 16.2%

Seperated  1 1.2%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

FIGURE 4

LEGEND: The above table shows the marital status of the respondents.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondent were unmarried. While the minimum of the
respondents were separated.
 TABLE 5

Monthly income  No.of.respondent  Percentage 

Under 10000 28 35%

10001-20000 25 31.3%

20001-30000 20 25%

Above 30000 7 8.8%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

FIGURE 5

LEGEND: The above bar chart shows the monthly income of the respondents.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondents earn 20001-30000. While the minimum of
the respondents earn more than 30000.
 TABLE 6

Educational qualification No.of.respondent Percentage 

Secondary school 15 18.8%

Higher secondary school 22 27.5%

UG 31 38.8%

PG 9 11.3%

Others 3 3.7%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

FIGURE 6

LEGEND: The above bar chart shows the educational qualification of the respondents.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondents chosen secondary education. While the
minimum of the respondents chooses others.
 TABLLE 7

Living area  No.of.respondent  Percentage 

Urban 22 27.5%

Rural 28 35%

Semi urban 7 8.8%

Semi rural 22 27.5%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

FIGURE 7

LEGEND: The above bar chart shows the living area of the respondents.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondents chosen to live in rural. While the
minimum of the respondents lives semi-rural.

TABLE 8

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

What are the major causes of unemployment  No.of.respondent  Percentage 

Lack of communication skill 21 26.3%

Lack of education  24 30%

Lack of opportunities  18 22.5%

Lack of exposure  12 15%

Lack of proper administrative of government  5 6.3%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

FIGURE 8

LEGEND: The above bar chart shows the major causes of unemployment in India.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondents chosen lack of communication skill is the
main causes for unemployment. While the minimum of the respondents chose lack of
education.

TABLE 9

A COUNTRY WITH POOR EMPLOYMENT STATUS WILL REFLECT A POOR

ECONOMIC STATUS

A country with poor employment status will reflect a No.of.respondent  Percentage 

poor economic status

Strongly agree 32 40%

Agree  21 26.3%

Netural  19 23.7%

Disagree 6 7.5%

Strongly disagree  2 2.5%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

FIGURE 9
LEGEND: The above bar chart shows the response of respondents to a particular
statement.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondent strongly agreed. While the minimum of the
respondents were strongly disagreed.
TABLE 10
IS EDUCATION SYSTEM THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Is education system the problem of unemployment  No.of.respondent  Percentage 

Yes 66 82.5%

No 14 17.5%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

FIGURE 10

LEGEND: The above bar chart shows the response of respondents to a particular
statement.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondent responded Yes. While the minimum of the
respondents chosen to respond No.
 TABLE 11

WHAT YOUR SUGGESTION TO REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT FROM SOCIETY

What your suggestion to reduce unemployment from the No.of.respondent  Percentage 

society 

Ensuring education and health 52 65%

Government need take same steps for employment  28 35%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

FIGURE 11

LEGEND: The above bar chart shows the suggestion to reduce unemployment from the
society.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondent chosen ‘ensuring education and health’.
While the minimum of the respondents chosen ‘government need take some steps for
employment’.
 TABLE 12

LACK OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS IS A MAIN ROOT OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Lack of communication skill is a main root of No.of.respondent  Percentage 

unemployment 

Yes 39 48.8%

No 41 51.2%

Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

FIGURE 12

LEGEND: The above bar chart shows the view of respondents to a statement.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondent chosen yes. While the minimum of the
respondents chosen no.
 TABLE 13

RATE THE STEPS TAKEN GOVERNMENT TO SOLVE THE UNEMPLOYMENT

PROBLEMS

Rating No.of.respondents Percentage

1 4 4.9%
2 17 21%
3 30 37%
4 16 19.8%
5 7 8.6%
6 4 4.9%
7 1 1.2%
8 2 2.5%
9 0 0%
10 0 0%
Total 80 100%
Source: Sample survey 2022

LEGEND: The above table shows the rating of the respondents to steps taken by
government to solve the unemployment problems.
INFERENCE: The maximum of the respondents rated 3 for steps by government. While the
minimum of the respondents rated 9, 10 for the steps by government to solve unemployment
problems.
RESULTS:

1. The maximum of the respondents has chosen 19-25. While the minimum of the
respondents has chosen 33-39.
2. The maximum of the respondent chooses male. While the minimum of the
respondents chose others.
3. The maximum of the respondent chooses government occupation. While the
minimum of the respondents chosen others.
4. The maximum of the respondent chooses government occupation. While the
minimum of the respondents chosen others.
5. The maximum of the respondents earn 20001-30000. While the minimum of the
respondents earn more than 30000.
6. The maximum of the respondents chosen secondary education. While the minimum of
the respondents chooses others.
7. The maximum of the respondents chosen to live in rural. While the minimum of the
respondents lives semi-rural.
8. The maximum of the respondents chosen lack of communication skill is the main
causes for unemployment. While the minimum of the respondents chose lack of
education.
9. The maximum of the respondent strongly agreed. While the minimum of the
respondents were strongly disagreed.
10. The maximum of the respondent responded Yes. While the minimum of the
respondents chosen to respond No.
11. The maximum of the respondent chosen ‘ensuring education and health’. While the
minimum of the respondents chosen ‘government need take some steps for
employment’.
 12. The maximum of the respondent chosen yes. While the minimum of the respondents
chosen no.
13. The maximum of the respondents rated 3 for steps by government. While the
minimum of the respondents rated 9, 10 for the steps by government to solve
unemployment problems.

DISCUSSION:
1.The maximum of the respondents has chosen 19-25. While the minimum of the respondents
has chosen 33-39, this is because the survey was conducted in an library where mostly
students were present there.
2.The maximum of the respondent chooses male. While the minimum of the respondents
chose others, because male were visiting the library more than female.
3.The maximum of the respondent chooses government occupation. While the minimum of
the respondents chosen others, because most of them working under government.
4 The maximum of the respondent were unmarried. While the minimum of the respondents
were separated, because unmarried people were mostly in the country then the married ones.
5.The maximum of the respondents earn 20001-30000. While the minimum of the
respondents earn more than 30000, most of them may students, so their income at low rate is
expected.
6.The maximum of the respondents chosen secondary education. While the minimum of the
respondents chooses others, Because they studied not properly.
7.The maximum of the respondents chosen to live in rural. While the minimum of the
respondents lives semi-rural. Cause nowadays people are like to live in rural places.
8.The maximum of the respondents chosen lack of communication skill is the main causes for
unemployment. While the minimum of the respondents chose lack of education, this is the
view of respondents.
9.The maximum of the respondent strongly agreed. While the minimum of the respondents
were strongly disagreed, this is the view of respondents.
10.The maximum of the respondent responded Yes. While the minimum of the respondents
chosen to respond No, this is the view of respondents.
11.The maximum of the respondent chosen ‘ensuring education and health’. While the
minimum of the respondents chosen ‘government need take some steps for employment’, this
is the view of respondents.
12.The maximum of the respondent chosen yes. While the minimum of the respondents
chosen no, this is the view of respondents.
13.The maximum of the respondents rated 3 for steps by government. While the minimum of
the respondents rated 9, 10 for the steps by government to solve unemployment problems,
considering steps as ratings has been taken.

SUGGESTION:
Despite the measures taken by the government, India remains a country experiencing
severe unemployment problems. This section seeks to propose strategies for reducing
unemployment in India. It is desirable to reduce tax rates and increase government spending
which will eventually increase the aggregate demand and the rate of economic growth. Lower
tax rates increase the disposable income of people and thus increase consumption and
purchasing power leading to higher aggregate demand (AD). The interest rates should be
decreased which would lower the cost of credit and encourage people to spend and invest.
Also, the exchange rates would get reduced and which would lead to increase export.
Reduction of income tax would work as an incentive for the unemployed as well as
employed. It is an attractive proposition which motivates the unemployed to join the labour
market and the existing workforce to strive harder. Lower Corporation Tax encourages the
young entrepreneurs to start their own ventures. Government should invest more in human
capital development to increase the employability in our country. It should also emphasis
more on imparting quality education to the people. Education should be imparted in such a
way that it should empower the youth with the necessary skills which can make them
employable. It has been observed that unemployment is especially concentrated in certain
regions. In order to overcome this geographical disparity, the government could incentivize
firms to set up operations in these areas by giving tax breaks. Alternatively, financial
assistance can be provided to unemployed workers who moved to established areas which
have high employment. Vocation courses are recognized as an important part of under-
graduation and post-graduation collages. Government should emphasis in inculcating these
courses in the primary level and makes it compulsory part of the curriculum so that people so
that people become proficient in their early stage of life. Career Counseling should be
provided within the school and should reach all the students.

LIMITATION:
One of the major limitations of this study is sample frame there is a major constraint
is the sample frame as it limits is a small area thus it proves to be difficult to explore it to a
larger
Population another limitation in this study is sample size of 80 which cannot be used to
exploration the population of country, state or a city.

CONCLUSION:
Employment is a significant feature for economic development. India is the second
most population and seventh major country in the world. The main objective of the study is to
analyse the government initiatives for reducing unemployment. The data was collected
through online questionnaire. The study found that there is a relationship between gender and
unemployment and there is no relationship between gender and unemployment the alternative
hypothesis rejected. Concluding that unemployment is one of the major causes of all financial
crises which then leads to mental stress. Being unemployed makes everything upside down in
an individual’s life and is one of the basic needs of an individual in the current scenario.

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PLAGARISM: