THIS TEXT IS FOR QUESTION NUMBER 1-5

African American have a dim view of the nation's health care system, which they see as infected by the same
racism they encounter on the job, out shopping, in the classroom, or interacting with the police. A new nationwide poll
by the Undefeated and the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), which is considered as the most comprehensive survey of
Black attitudes and experiences with health care since the start of the pandemic found that 7 in 10 African Americans
believe that people are treated unfairly based on race or ethnicity when they seek medical care. It's a feeling born of
unequal history and intensified by the coronavirus pandemic, which is disproportionately ravaging Black lives both
physically and economically.
The discrimination many African Americans en dure, not only as they attempt to access health care, but also as
they go about their daily lives. A majority of Black adults, 58 percent, said they had experienced discrimination in just the
past year. One in 5 said. they experienced it while seeking health care. One in 4 said they were discriminated against
dealing with police in traffic and other incidents. Twenty-eight percent said they experienced racial bias on the job, while
40 percent said they were treated unfairly while shopping. A large majority of Black Americans cited implicit bias as a
major factor, both in preventing raci al equality and as an obstacle in their own lives. At the same time, 7 in 10 Black
respondents who said they were treated unfairly because of their race saw the discrimination as deliberate.
The survey which was taken as the country has been gripped by a monthslong racial reckoning prompted, in part,
by the death of George Floyd in May under the knee of a Minneapolis police officer found scant trust among African
Americans in fundamental American institutions. Only 1 in 4 trusted police to do the right thing for their communities all
or most of the time. Less than half trusted local schools. Black Americans were more likely than white people to cite
specific negative encounters with the health care sy stem, including feeling that providers didn't believe they were
telling the truth, being refused a treatment or test they thought was necessary, and being denied pain medication.
Researchers have documented many ways that Black patients are treated differently from white patients. In 2002,
the Institute of Medicine's groundbreaking report, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in
Health Care, found higher rates of diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and HIV, among Black and
other people of color. Yet, minority patients were less likely to receive critical medical interventions such as bypass
surgery or antiretroviral therapy. At the same time, people of color were more likely to receive extremely invasive
treatments, such as amputations.
Different treatment contributed to mistrust, which only compounded medical problems, the report found.
"Minority patients are more likely to re fuse recommended services, adhere poorly to treat ment regimens and delay
seeking care," it concluded. The report helped move the issue of racial disparities in health care into the mainstream of
medical thin king. But rooting out the disparities, which are tightly bound to the nation's other social inequities, remains
a problem.
(Adopted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ history/2020/10/black-americans-see-health-care-system-
infectedracism-new-poll-shows/

1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage?
A. Black American People's Lives
B. Inequality Suffered by Black American in Health Care System
C. Health Care System in America
D. White Supremacy over Black American in Every Aspects of Life
E. Racism in the United States of America

2. According to the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to happen to a Black American citizen?
A. They are discriminated against dealing with police in traffic and other incidents.
B. They are treated unfairly when shopping.
C. Health providers do not tell them the truth and refuse to give a treatment or test they thought was
necessary, and being denied pain medication.
D. They are more likely to receive critical medical interventions such as bypass surgery or antiretroviral
therapy.
E. They are more likely to receive very invasive treatment such as amputation.
3. The word 'deliberate in the sentence 'At the same
time, 7 in 10 Black respondents who said they were
treated unfairly because of their race saw the
discrimination as deliberate! has similar meaning
to...
A. Unconsidered
B. Unadvised
C. Casual
D. Intentional
E. Unwilling
4. Why does the author cite the report 'Unequal
Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic
Disparities in Health Care' by the Institute of
Medicine?
A. To discuss the research findings about the
impacts of racism towards Black American.
B. To support the assertion about Black
American lifestyle that contributes to many
health problems like diabetes, heart attack,
hypertension, and HIV.
C. To prove that the discriminations against
Black American are deliberate actions.
D. To exemplify the efforts to reduce racial
and ethnic disparities in health care.
E. To show how poor American health care
system.
5. In which paragraph does the author mention about
the discriminations experienced by Black American
and other Non-Whites which led to more health
problems and poor treatment?
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
E. Paragraph 5

THE FOLLOWING TEXT IS FOR NUMBER 6 TO 10

Psychologists have found that privately made resolutions are rarely followed, whereas a public
commitment to achieve some goal, such as losing weight or giving up smoking, is likely to be much more
effective. This is because the approval of others for reaching one's target is valued. In contrast, disapproval for
failure can lead to feelings of shame.
Advertising agencies have designed studies bearing out the truth of this observation. In their research, a
group of strangers was bombarded with information about the qualities of a particular product. They were then
asked to either announce out loud or write down privately whether they intended to buy the product. It was
later discovered that those who publicly declared their intention to buy were considerably more likely to do so
than those who affirmed their intentions in private.
In another study, an experimenter claiming to represent a local utility company interviewed home
owners, telling them he was investigating ways in which energy consumption could be reduced. Half of the
subjects, randomly selected, were told that if they agreed to conserve energy, their names would be mentioned
in an article published in the local newspaper; the remaining halves were told their names would not be used.
All those interviewed agreed to cooperate and signed a form either giving consent for their names to be used or
stating that their names would not be used. Later in the year, the amount of gas consumed in each housed was
recorded. The owners who had agreed to their names being published had used significantly less gas than those
who remained anonymous.
6. Why were advertising agencies probably interested in conducting their study?
A. They wanted to introduce their people to more products.
B. They wanted to demonstrate the quality of their clients' product.
C. They wanted to find the best way to get pe ople to buy their clients' products.
D. They wanted to know if people intended to purchase their clients' products.
E. They wanted to help people understand their clients' products.

7. According to the passage, the anonymous subjects in the energy-consumption experiment...

A. did not cooperate
B. used more gas than the other subjects
C. failed to fulfill their promises
D. did not sign a form
E. did not own their own house
8. How did the experimenter in paragraph 3 find out how much gas the subjects used?
A. The amount was recorded.
B. The amount was stated in the contract.
C. The people recorded the gas they used.
D. The people published the amount.
E. The people were given a limited amount.

9. The author's intention in this passage is...

A. to promote advertising media in order to in crease sales of products
B. to prove why some advertising agencies failed to promote their clients' product
C. to exemplify the efforts done by some advertising agencies
D. to explain why energy consumption continued to increase despite the questionnaire.
E. to discuss the results of some studies regarding to anonymous versus publicly known commitments

10. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

A. Disapproval for failure makes people less ling to make public commitments.
B. Intentions announced out loud are more effective than those published in newspaper.
C. Commitments made in private are more likely to fail.
D. People were happier when their names are published in local newspaper.
E. Well-informed people are more likely declare their intentions.

THE TEXT IS FOR QUESTION NUMBER 11 TO 15

Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creature, especially
human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else
can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day
and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible
by gourmets?
For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of
mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the
surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud
or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.
Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish - brown to sand - color and
nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber-shaped - hence their
name and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to
squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.
Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to
become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate - feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the
marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would
devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.
But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are
fish and crabs, and when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached
structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even
touched; it will do the same if surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.

11. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The reason for the sea cucumber's name
B. What makes the sea cucumber unusual
C. How to identify the sea cucumber
D. Places where the sea cucumber can be found
E. The diet of sea cucumber
12. The words "this faculty" in "If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in short time and
would probably starve themselves out of existence." refer to the sea cucumber's ability to ...
A. feed day and night
B. feed day and night
C. devour all available food in a short time
D. suck up mud or sand
E. live at a low metabolic rate

13. Of all the characteristics of the sea cucumber, which of the following seems to fascinate the author most?
A. What it does when threatened.
B. Where it lives
C. How it lives
D. How it hides from predators
E. What it eats.

14. What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber?
A. They are able to live without food.
B. They are very sensitive to surrounding stimuli.
C. They are almost useless.
D. They require group cooperation.
E. They are similar to those of most sea creatures.

15. Which of the following is an example of behavior comparable with the sea cucumber living at a low metabolic rate?
A. An octopus defending itself with its tentacles
B. A bear hibernating in the winter
C. A pig eating constantly
D. A parasite living on its host's blood
E. A house lizard cast of its tail.