B.Sc. Engg.

Part-1 Odd Semester Examination 2019

Couse code: EEE 1111, Title: Electrical Circuit-I (Sinusoidal Function)
Name of the instructor: Dr. Md. Johurul Islam, Email: johurul@ru.ac.bd

Sinusoid: A sinusoid is a signal that has the form of the sine or cosine function. A sinusoidal current is usually
referred to as alternating current (ac).
Circuits driven by sinusoidal current or voltage sources are called
ac circuits
Sine wave can be denoted mathematically by

𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡
It is shown in the fig-1.
Phase, Phase difference, leading, lagging:
A periodic function is one that satisfies the relation
𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑓 (𝑡 + 𝑛𝑇) for all T and all integers n.
For voltage a periodic function will follow:

𝑣(𝑡 + 𝑇) = 𝑣(𝑡)
The more general expression for sinusoid is
𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙) where 𝜙 is called phase
Let us consider two sinusoid as shown in fig-2
𝑣1 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡
𝑣2 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙)
The starting point of 𝑣2 in Fig. 2 occurs first in time. Therefore,
we say that 𝑣2 leads 𝑣1 , by 𝜙 or that 𝑣1 , lags 𝑣2 by 𝜙.
If 𝜙 ≠ 0, we also say that 𝑣1 and 𝑣2 are out of phase.
If 𝜙 = 0, then 𝑣1 and 𝑣2 are said to be in phase.

Instantaneous Power: Let the general equation of sinusoidal voltage 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑉𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃𝑣 )

The corresponding current 𝑖(𝑡) = 𝐼𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃𝑖 )

Instantaneous Power 𝑃 = 𝑣(𝑡) ∗ 𝑖(𝑡)

𝑃 = 𝑉𝑚 𝐼𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃𝑣 )𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃𝑖 ) by applying Trigonometry identity we have

The average power is

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 B.Sc. Engg. Part-1 Odd Semester Examination 2019
Couse code: EEE 1111, Title: Electrical Circuit-I (Sinusoidal Function)
Name of the instructor: Dr. Md. Johurul Islam, Email: johurul@ru.ac.bd

RMS value Voltage, Current and Power:

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 B.Sc. Engg. Part-1 Odd Semester Examination 2019
Couse code: EEE 1111, Title: Electrical Circuit-I (Sinusoidal Function)
Name of the instructor: Dr. Md. Johurul Islam, Email: johurul@ru.ac.bd

Apparent Power and Power Factor: The average power is given by

We can write

Where the product of rms voltage and rms current is called apparent power (S), 𝑆 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠

A complex number 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑗𝑦 is presented in figure-8

Where

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 B.Sc. Engg. Part-1 Odd Semester Examination 2019
Couse code: EEE 1111, Title: Electrical Circuit-I (Sinusoidal Function)
Name of the instructor: Dr. Md. Johurul Islam, Email: johurul@ru.ac.bd

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 B.Sc. Engg. Part-1 Odd Semester Examination 2019
Couse code: EEE 1111, Title: Electrical Circuit-I (Sinusoidal Function)
Name of the instructor: Dr. Md. Johurul Islam, Email: johurul@ru.ac.bd

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